One Young World Countries Research 2012

One Young World Countries Research 2012

August 2012

2

Who we spoke to: the research sample

USA

UK

CHINA

INDIA

SPAINFRANCE

GERMANY

MEXICO EGYPT

SOUTH AFRICA

BRAZIL

RUSSIA

• 6269 interviews, completed in 12 countries• 20-29 year olds• Undergraduates, graduates, white collar workers, or those employed who have genuine

responsibilities in their role• Mix of male and female (50-50)

3

Summary of findings

Introduction

In a time when young people are being described by some commentators as the ‘lost generation’, this international survey of 20-29 year olds sheds light on the views and attitudes of young people on the important questions that world leaders face today.

The broad political landscape is defined, for many, by the economic crisis and how their governments have responded. There are strong calls for the financial sector to operate in a more ethical and responsible way which may include further regulation of the sector. Although, trust in their government’s ability to deliver is weak, particularly so in Europe. The theme of behaving in an ethical and responsible way is not only limited to the financial sector, but it is also expected of global corporations and governments.

Beyond economics, poverty and corruption run through the piece as topics that are of the utmost importance to many of the world’s young. It is these factors that are perceived to be the root of inequality in many areas of civil society such as education, health, and democracy. However, there exists a sense of ineffectuality amongst many of Europe and the West’s young people as indicated by their low levels of political and civil engagement both online and ‘offline’.

Indeed, hope and optimism amongst Europeans is a lot lower than their counterparts elsewhere in the world. India and China in particular stand out as the countries that are most positive about their futures. The level of depression between the west and the rest is startling, and the political and economic context 20-29 years olds are living in is summed up by the perception that their lives will not be better than their parents’.

I believe my life will be better than my parents

Europe and USA Rest of World

30% 64%

4

Summary of findings

Education

• Over 90% of respondents in Brazil, South Africa, Russia and Mexico feel literacy rates are holding their country back, with poverty (73% agree) as the main factors that limits access to education

• 93% of all surveyed feel education is important for eradicating poverty. In India (80% agree) and China (70% agree) this can mean advancing girls’ education over that of boys

Global Business

• 82% of all respondents agree that the financial sector should be regulated in an ethical and responsible way, and 70% agree that the financial sector needs further government regulation. Although European countries (22%) trust their government to regulate the financial sector in an ethical and responsible way than the rest of the world (31%)

• Whilst 74% of all respondents agree that businesses should provide social benefits, only 44% feel that improvements are being made in this area. 73% feel it is important that businesses should have a purpose beyond profit, particularly in Mexico (90%), South Africa (87%) and Brazil (85%)

Global Health

• Many countries do not feel that their governments are doing a good job at looking after their citizens health, with only 28% agreeing this is the case. Russia (53%) scores the highest and Brazil (13%) the lowest for this factor

• Brazil also have the smallest proportion that consider there to be equal access to healthcare (10% agree). There are even great divides in this measure amongst the developed countries with 80% in the UK agreeing there is equal access, USA 31%, and France 26%

Human Rights

• Whilst many agree human rights are important (81% agree), fewer think that ‘the rights of citizens are legally protected in their country’, with strong disagreement of this statement coming from Brazil (45% disagree), Russia (54%), and Egypt (41%)

• On the whole the poor (55% agree) and people with disabilities (51% agree) are the groups in society that need further help or support, with children (38% agree) close behind. In the US it is the LGBT (47%) community and certain ethnic groups (45%)

5

Summary of findings

Leadership and governance

• 70% of all countries (excluding China) agree that their generation will be particularly affected by the economic mismanagement of recent years. The is felt particularly strongly in Mexico with (81% agree), although to a lesser extent in Germany (51% agree)

• Political engagement varies greatly across the countries surveyed, although on the whole this group of 20-29 year olds are more likely to engage in some political activity online (44% agree), as opposed to offline (32%)

Sustainable development

• There is a clear divide between developed and developing countries when considering ‘Environmental problems are a price worth paying for economic prosperity’. China (82%) and India (68%) agree with this sentiment, and opposition comes from the UK (58% disagree) and Brazil (54% disagree).

• Although, there seems to be more consensus with the idea that developing countries should be bound by environmental regulations as strong as those from developed countries, 70% agree.

Transparency

• 6 out of 12 countries agree (with over 90% agreeing) that corruption is widespread in their country. The two countries that disagree the most with this are Germany (69% disagree) and the UK (66% disagree)

• 6 of the 12 countries believe transparency is the most important thing to be in place before starting to fight corruption. By contrast, Russia, Egypt and France consider the application of the rule of law to be most important. Whilst, the UK and USA consider the most important thing to be democratic accountability

Education

7

Education: Summary of findings

• Many non-European countries feel literacy rates are holding their country back. In particular, over 90% of respondents in Brazil, South Africa, Russia, and Mexico believe this to be the case

• One of the key factors limiting access to education is poverty. With 73%, poverty emerges as the top factor to limit access to education for all respondents.

• Surprisingly, poverty is also the highest factor amongst more developed countries such as UK, Germany and France. What might be expressed here is poverty as a limiting factor to the opportunities of education. This view is consistent with Joseph Rowntree Research on education and poverty which explored this issue in some depth:

“Children growing up in low-income families tend to leave school with substantially lower levels of education attainment than their more advantaged peers” (JRF 2010)

• Corruption is a significant concern for respondents of half of the countries in the study when thinking about access to education. Corruption is also the factor that is most detrimental to education in their country. For example, 78% of Russian respondents believe corruption limits access to education, and 80% of Brazilian respondents believe corruption is the most detrimental to education

• Whilst there is strong agreement (93%) across all countries that education is important for eradicating poverty in developing countries, there is less consensus that girls’ education would need to be advantaged above boys’ in order to fight poverty in developing countries

― However, there is strong agreement with this factor in both India (80%) and China (70%). In both of these countries there are inequalities in literacy rates amongst men and women. In India this is more acute with male literacy at 73.4% and female at 47.8%.

8

Education

Are you concerned that literacy rates are holding back your country’s development? % answering ‘yes’

Base: All countries n=6269

Germany

UK

France

USA

Spain

China

India

Egypt

Mexico

Russia

South Africa

Brazil

21%

37%

45%

51%

51%

63%

88%

89%

90%

90%

92%

94%

9

Education

Which 3 of the following factors do you believe most limit access to education in your country?

Other

Age

Gender

Internet access

Race

Religion

Family

Violence/social unrest

Cultural issues

Distance to facilities

Corruption*

Poverty

6%

10%

11%

12%

14%

18%

25%

27%

31%

36%

41%

73%

Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China (n=5756)

10

Education

Which 3 of the following factors, if any, do you believe are most detrimental to education in your country?

None of the above

Lack of internet access

Lack of teachers

Corruption*

Lack of funding

Lack of resources/equipment

Wasted funding and/or resources

6%

14%

41%

43%

50%

56%

58%

Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China (n=5756)

11

Education

How far do you agree or disagree with the following statements?

Education is an important step to eradicating poverty in developing countries

When it comes to fighting poverty in developing countries, educating girls and women is a more important step than increasing the education of

boys and men

64%

20%

29%

25%

6%

28%

1%

17%

0%

10%

Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree

Total agree:

93%

45%


12

Education When it comes to fighting poverty in developing countries, educating girls and women is a more important step than increasing the education of boys and men. % answering agree, or agree a lot.

Russia

Mexico

Germany

France

South Africa

Brazil

Spain

USA

UK

Egypt

China

India

21%

27%

36%

38%

40%

41%

42%

43%

50%

53%

70%

80%


Global Business

14

Global business: Summary of findings

• Across all countries, importance is placed on regulating the financial sector in a ethical and responsible way, with 82% of all respondents agreeing this should be the case. 70% also agree that the financial sector needs further government regulation.

― However, the majority of countries cannot trust their governments to do this and levels of trust are low at around 20% for most countries with the exception of India and Egypt where levels are over 50%

• Whilst 74% of all respondents agree that businesses should provide social benefits, only 44% feel that improvements are being made in this area. India (68%) and China (67%) are top when it comes to thinking that businesses are making improvements to be socially responsible in their country, whereas Germany (20%), France (29%) and the UK (29%) are at bottom end.

• Working for a business that shares your ethics is most important amongst Indian respondents (71% agree), but this factor scores lowest amongst Spanish (41%)

• The theme of ethics continues in India where 67% of respondents claim they ensure not buy from a company that is not transparent in the way it works. However, this factor scores lowest amongst French respondents with 27% agreeing

15

Global Business


Total agree:

82%

Base: All countries n=6269*not asked in China

81%

74%

73%

70%

62%

60%

57%

48%

44%

43%

28% I can trust the government in my country to regulate the financial sector in an ethical and responsible way*

I take time to ensure I don’t buy from companies who are not transparent in the way they work e.g. how they treat their employees, sustainability practices, ethics

Global business is making significant improvements in the realm of social responsibility

I have more faith in global business than I do in world politics

I will only work for companies that share my ethics

My career ambition is to run my own business

My career ambition is to work my way up to the top of an established business I admire

The financial sector (e.g. banks, insurance, credit companies) needs greater government regulation

It is important that companies have a purpose beyond profit

Businesses that make a profit must provide social benefits

It is important to properly regulate the financial sector

It is important to properly regulate the financial sector in an ethical and responsible way

9%

14%

13%

19%

20%

33%

26%

35%

34%

33%

40%

44%

19%

29%

31%

29%

37%

27%

36%

35%

39%

41%

41%

38%

31%

37%

41%

39%

31%

20%

22%

23%

21%

20%

16%

16%

25%

15%

12%

10%

9%

14%

12%

5%

5%

5%

2%

2%

16%

4%

4%

4%

3%

7%

5%

2%

1%

1%

1%

1%

Strongly Agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly Disagree

16

Global Business

I have more faith in global business than I do in world politics. % answering agree or agree a lot

UK

Germany

USA

France

Brazil

Spain

Russia

China

Mexico

Egypt

India

South Africa

28%

29%

32%

37%

39%

45%

46%

55%

65%

67%

68%

69%


17

Global Business

I can trust the government in my country to regulate the financial sector in an ethical and responsible way. % answering agree or agree a lot*

UK

Brazil

USA

France

Mexico

South Africa

Spain

Germany

Russia

Egypt

India

18%

19%

20%

21%

22%

22%

23%

27%

33%

51%

52%


Global Health

19

Global health: Summary of findings

• Many countries do not feel that their governments are doing a good job at looking after their citizens’ health, with only 28% of all respondents agreeing this is the case. Russia (53%) scores the highest and Brazil (13%) the lowest for this factor

• Brazil also have the smallest proportion that consider there to be equal access to healthcare (10% agree). There are even great divides in this measure amongst the developed countries with the 80% in the UK agreeing there is equal access, USA (31%) and France (26%)

• Although only a few (8%) respondents across the countries surveyed had some personal experience of HIV/AIDS, it is considered to be the one health issue that carries the most stigma (49%).

• A further health issue that is of some concern to many of the respondents is obesity. It is the second most common health issue (30%) with which respondents have some personal experience, and after HIV/AIDS is the top when it comes to being a stigma in their country (41%)

• 74% of the total sample are concerned about levels of obesity in their country, it is not only a western problem but is a concern shared across the world. For example, in China 81% of respondents are concerned about obesity.

― Some commentary suggests this may be a case of development and more people living in urban areas, and also the lack of emphasis in the Chinese school system on physical exercise, focussing instead on intellectual activities

• The concern with obesity is also mirrored by the view that food companies should be more tightly regulated (74% agree) and they should be banned from advertising to children (75% agree)

• In most countries the level of concern around obesity goes hand in hand with the score for tighter regulation of food companies, except in the USA where 77% are concerned, but only 50% agree with tighter regulation – the lowest score from a country on this measure

20

Health

Is there equal access to healthcare in your country? % answering ‘yes’


Brazil

Egypt

France

South Africa

China

USA

Mexico

Russia

India

Germany

Spain

UK

10%

14%

26%

27%

30%

31%

37%

41%

52%

63%

70%

80%

21

Health

Which of the following do you consider affects or has affected you, your family or close friends?

None of the above

HIV/AIDS or other blood-borne virus

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Malaria or other parasite-borne disease

Water-borne disease e.g. cholera

Physical or sensory impairment

Physical disability

Mental health issues

Obesity

Chronic illness e.g. diabetes

26%

8%

9%

10%

11%

14%

17%

25%

30%

41%


22

Health

Which of the following do you believe is subject to stigma in your country?

None of the above

Malaria or other parasite-borne disease

Water-borne disease e.g. cholera

Physical or sensory impairment

Chronic illness e.g. diabetes

Physical disability

Mental health issues

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Obesity

HIV/AIDS or other blood-borne virus

11%

12%

13%

15%

21%

32%

35%

36%

41%

49%


23

Health



My government does a good job of looking after its citizens’ health*

My government is effective in implementing preventative measures combatting the spread of HIV/AIDS*

The spread of HIV/AIDS is being prevented in my country

Fast food companies should be banned from directing advertising at children

I am concerned that the growing levels of obesity in my country will lead to huge future health issues

Food companies should be more tightly regulated in terms of fat, salt and sugar content in their products

8%

15%

19%

35%

34%

42%

21%

36%

41%

28%

39%

32%

36%

31%

26%

23%

19%

17%

23%

14%

11%

10%

6%

6%

12%

4%

3%

4%

1%

2%

Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagreeTotal agree:

74%

73%

63%

60%

51%

29%

24

Health

My government does a good job of looking after its citizens’ health.% answering agree or agree a lot*

Brazil

USA

South Africa

Mexico

Germany

Egypt

Spain

UK

France

India

Russia

13%

15%

17%

21%

27%

27%

31%

33%

34%

40%

53%

Base: All countries n=5756*excludes China

25

Health

I am concerned that the growing levels of obesity in my country will lead to huge future health issues. % answering agree or agree a lot

Germany

Russia

South Africa

Spain

France

Egypt

India

USA

Brazil

China

UK

Mexico

60%

64%

64%

68%

69%

75%

76%

77%

77%

81%

86%

90%


26

HealthPlease rate the level of equal opportunity in the following locations in your country. (By "equal opportunity" we mean the provision of materials and systems that allow everyone equal access, such as wheelchair ramps, large print books, hearing loops etc.)

Total good:

44%


Public transport

Government and civil facilities*

Educational establishments

Office buildings

Workplace

Commerce centres

9%

10%

10%

9%

12%

12%

22%

27%

27%

28%

28%

32%

29%

32%

33%

35%

34%

33%

20%

18%

19%

16%

15%

13%

18%

9%

9%

7%

8%

5%

3%

4%

3%

5%

3%

5%

Very good Good Fair Poor Very poor Don’t know

40%

37%

37%

37%

31%

Human Rights

28

Human Rights: Summary of findings

• Whilst many agree human rights are important, fewer think that ‘the rights of citizens are legally protected in their country’, with disagreement of this statement coming from Brazil (45% disagree), Russia (54%), and Egypt (41%)

• 81% agree with the importance of legal measures being in place to protect citizens, in particular 97% of Chinese respondents agree with this statement, although only 54% of Russian respondents agree

• On the whole the poor (55% agree) and people with disabilities (51% agree) are the groups in society that need further help or support, with children (38% agree) close behind

• In the USA, however, the two groups that respondents feel need further help and support are members of the LGBT community (47% agree) and certain ethnic groups (45% agree)

• For those that do not think that the rights of the citizens are protected in their country (excluding China), the main groups from which citizens need protecting are agents of the state (71% agree) and the state itself (60% agree)

29

Human Rights


Total agree:

81%


The laws protecting human rights in my country are well implemented*

Citizens in my country are better protected by the law than citizens in other countries in the region*

The human rights of all citizens are legally protected in my country*

It is important that there are legal measures in place to protect citizens in my country

13%

15%

19%

39%

29%

31%

34%

42%

25%

27%

23%

14%

22%

19%

17%

3%

11%

9%

8%

2%

Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree

53%

46%

42%

30

Human Rights

The human rights of all citizens are legally protected in my country . % answering agree or agree a lot*


Brazil

Egypt

Russia

India

Mexico

South Africa

France

USA

Spain

UK

Germany

27%

30%

31%

52%

54%

54%

55%

55%

56%

78%

84%

31

Human Rights

Which groups, if any, do you think require extra help or support in your country?


Certain religious groups

Certain ethnic groups

Indigenous people

Members of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) community

Immigrants and refugees

Women

Everyone

Children

People with disabilities/health issues

The poor

9%

15%

17%

19%

20%

26%

28%

38%

51%

55%

32

Human Rights

For those that disagree rights are protected or well implemented in there own country: Which group’s human rights are likely to be violated in your country?*


Certain religious groups

Activists/journalists

Certain ethnic groups

Indigenous people

Everyone

Immigrants and refugees

Those not in the ruling elite

Women

Children

Members of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) community

People with disabilities/health issues

The poor

17%

17%

19%

21%

21%

24%

25%

27%

28%

29%

36%

50%

33

Human Rights

For those that disagree rights are protected or well implemented in there own country: Who do you believe violates the human rights of individuals or groups in your country?*


Religious organisations

The media

Businesses

Other political groups

Other citizens

The judiciary

The state (in terms of legislation/policy making)

Agents of the state (the police, prison staff, social services, health services etc.)

29%

34%

34%

39%

41%

43%

60%

71%

Leadership and Governance

35

Leadership and governance: Summary of findings

• Political engagement varies greatly across the countries surveyed, although on the whole 20-29 year olds are more likely to engage in some political activity online (44% agree), as opposed to offline (32% agree)

• The top 3 countries where respondents are politically engaged are:― Offline: Egypt (53%), India (47%), Mexico (42%)― Online: Egypt (63%), USA (52%), India (50%)

• Those engaged offline are generally engaged online. India, Mexico, and Egypt all score high when asked about corruption in their own country; giving an insight into their political context

• Whilst offline political engagement scores are low in many countries (with the UK lowest at 20%), there is on the whole an uplift in scores for online engagement (eg 39% of UK respondents). Indeed 62% agree that online social networks are driving political discussion amongst young people

• 70% of all countries (excluding China) agree that their generation will be particularly affected by the economic mismanagement of recent years. The is felt particularly strongly in Mexico with 81% agreeing, although to a lesser extent in Germany where 51% agree

• Only 26% agree that the worst of the economic crisis is over in their country, with the lowest being South Africa (13%), although the most positive country in this regard is India where 41% agree the worst is over

• 66% are worried that it will take years for them to get the kind of job they want, with this rising to 91% in Mexico. Indeed, 80% of all respondents agree that youth unemployment is insufficiently addressed in their country

36

Leadership & Governance

Is it possible for a political leader to remain popular once in power?*% answering ‘yes’


France

Spain

UK

Germany

Egypt

Mexico

South Africa

USA

India

Brazil

Russia

57%

75%

76%

78%

81%

82%

83%

85%

86%

90%

92%

37



Total agree:

74%


In the last twelve months I have been personally involved (not including on social media) in political and/or civic engagement beyond just the act of voting, for example I took part in a political meeting, demonstration or other activity*

In the last twelve months I have used social media to be personally involved in political and/or civic engagement. For example I took part in a political discussion, organised a demonstration, signed a petition or other activity*

Online social media has been a main driver of political change in North Africa and the Middle East*

Online social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter are connecting young people in my country with our political leaders*

I consider myself to be an active member of my community

I use social media to be an active member of my community

Online social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter are leading to greater discussion between young people and older people in my country

Citizen-powered movements are creating lasting positive change in the world*

Online social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter are driving political discussion amongst young people in my country*

My generation will be hit hardest by the political/economic mismanagement of recent years*

Online social media networks such as Facebook and Twitter are leading to greater discussion amongst young people in my country

I am worried about how we will care for the ageing population

12%

15%

15%

15%

14%

13%

18%

16%

23%

31%

29%

29%

20%

27%

27%

31%

34%

35%

31%

36%

39%

38%

42%

45%

19%

20%

43%

30%

31%

27%

29%

36%

26%

22%

21%

19%

30%

23%

11%

17%

17%

19%

17%

9%

10%

7%

6%

6%

19%

15%

5%

7%

4%

7%

4%

3%

3%

2%

2%

2%


71%

69%

62%

42%

49%

48%

48%

46%

42%

42%

32%

38


Citizen-powered movements are creating lasting positive change in the world% answering agree or agree a lot*


UK

Germany

France

Spain

USA

South Africa

Russia

Egypt

Brazil

Mexico

India

39%

42%

45%

47%

47%

50%

50%

61%

62%

67%

69%

39


In the last twelve months I have been personally involved in political and/or civic engagement beyond just the act of voting, for example I took part in a political meeting, demonstration or other activity. % answering agree or agree a lot*


USA

UK

Spain

South Africa

Russia

Mexico

India

Germany

France

Egypt

Brazil

31%

20%

35%

24%

25%

42%

47%

25%

25%

53%

28%

52%

39%

39%

38%

31%

50%

50%

36%

25%

63%

34%

OnlineOffline

40



Total agree:

86%

79%

78%

70%


Once individual politicians are in power, they are unable to deliver on their promises*

Politics in my country needs major reform*

My generation has the power to bring about positive global change

It is the duty of my generation to change the world for the better

36%

49%

38%

46%

34%

29%

41%

40%

22%

17%

16%

13%

7%

4%

4%

2%

1%

1%

1%

0%


41


For those that agree individual politicians in power are unable to deliver on their promises: Which one factor most hampers a politician’s ability to deliver?*


Other

Lack of funds

Their relationship with businesses

Lobbyists

Bureaucracy

Party politics

Personal greed/ambition

Unrealistic or false promises

Corruption

2%

5%

5%

5%

6%

9%

17%

20%

31%

Sustainable Development

43

Sustainable Development: Summary of findings

• There is a clear divide between developed and developing countries when considering the statement ‘Environmental problems are a price worth paying for economic prosperity’. China (82%) and India (68%) agree with this sentiment, and those opposing are mostly from the UK (58% disagree) and Brazil (54% disagree).

― The rapid development of BRIC countries appears to highlight an inherent contradiction in Brazil’s results, however, Yale University’s Environmental Sustainability Index ranks Brazil 11th in the world on a series of measures for example reducing air pollution, resource management and Green House gas emissions. By contrast India is ranked 101st , and China 133rd

• Although, there seems to be more consensus with the idea that developing countries should be bound by environmental regulations as strong as those from developed countries, 70% agree.

• Many countries agree that a sustainable future is a realistic goal (68% agree), although 41% disagree that politicians are going at the right speed to achieve affective agreements to combat climate change. China is the exception with 65% agreeing politicians are going about the right speed

• Focusing on individuals contributing to a sustainable future, 54% stated they had taken ‘significant steps to live a more sustainable life’

• On the issue of building nuclear power stations, 38% agreed with this. The most support came from India (63%) and Egypt (61%), opposing the issue the most are Germany (62%) and Brazil (42%)

44



Total agree:

74%


The world’s leaders are going at the right speed to achieve effective agreements on combatting climate change

Environmental problems are a price worth paying for economic prosperity

Maintaining a supply of clean water is a problem in my country

Fossil fuel subsidies should cease by 2020

Multi-national businesses play a vital role in solving the world’s problems

A sustainable future is a realistic goal

Developing countries should be bound by environmental regulations as strong as those for developed countries

I am extremely concerned about climate change

8%

18%

19%

25%

19%

23%

31%

33%

21%

28%

27%

29%

38%

45%

39%

41%

31%

22%

22%

34%

31%

23%

21%

17%

28%

18%

20%

10%

8%

7%

7%

7%

13%

13%

13%

3%

4%

2%

2%

2%


70%

68%

57%

54%

46%

46%

29%

45


Environmental problems are a price worth paying for economic prosperity % answering agree or agree a lot


UK

USA

Brazil

France

Germany

South Africa

Spain

Egypt

Mexico

Russia

India

China

16%

26%

27%

37%

37%

46%

47%

54%

58%

60%

68%

82%

46


Please rate how influential you believe the following to be in bringing about sustainable development, where 0 is not at all influential and 10 is very influential.? Mean score shown


NGOs

Individuals

Individual governments

The UN/other international bodies

The younger generation

Businesses

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

5.8

5.8

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.4

47



Total agree:

79%


I think sustainable development should be low on the list of political priorities in my country*

I support the building of new nuclear power stations

Sustainable development is low on the list of political priorities in my country*

In the past year I have taken significant steps to live a more sustainable lifestyle

There is a lack of political will to implement sustainable development*

My country must do more to develop clean energy and lower its pollution levels

7%

15%

18%

14%

23%

41%

17%

22%

36%

41%

41%

38%

23%

32%

29%

31%

26%

16%

29%

16%

16%

12%

8%

3%

24%

15%

2%

3%

2%

1%


64%

55%

54%

37%

24%

48


I support the building of new nuclear power stations.% answering agree or agree a lot


Germany

France

Brazil

Russia

Spain

Mexico

South Africa

USA

UK

China

Egypt

India

14%

20%

26%

28%

29%

33%

39%

41%

44%

56%

61%

63%

Transparency

50

Transparency: Summary of findings

• 6 out of 12 countries agree (with over 90%) that corruption is widespread in their country. The two countries that disagree the most with this are Germany (69% disagree) and the UK (66% disagree)

• The type of corruption that comes at the top for each country in terms of the level of respondents’ concern are:― Access to education: Brazil, India, Russia, Mexico, Egypt, South Africa― The relationship between business and government: UK, Germany, USA― False promises: France― Tax evasion: Spain

• 6 of the 12 countries believe transparency is the most important thing to be in place before starting to fight transparency. By contrast, Russia, Egypt and France consider the application of the rule of law to be most important. Whilst, the UK and USA consider the most important thing to be democratic accountability

• The mainstream media are considered the most effective tool to fight corruption, chosen by 47%• However, not all countries feel their media can report freely. For example Mexico (74%), Russia (68%), India (60%),

South Africa (59%) and Brazil (58%) agree that their media is not free to report as it wishes.• The country with the lowest score is the UK where only 25% agree the media is not free

51

Transparency

Is corruption widespread in your country?*% answering ‘yes’


Germany

UK

France

USA

Spain

Egypt

Brazil

South Africa

Russia

India

Mexico

31%

34%

65%

69%

89%

92%

95%

96%

97%

97%

99%

52

Transparency

How concerned are you about the following types or areas of corruption in your country where 0 is not at all concerned and 10 is very concerned.*


NGOs

Electoral

Nepotism (favouritism shown on the basis of family relationship)

Tax evasion

Access to health care

Access to education

The relationship between business and government

False promises

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0

5.8

6.2

6.7

6.9

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

53

Transparency

Which of the following do you believe need to be in place before starting to fight corruption? Please select the top 3.*


None of the above

Uncensored internet

Economic development

Freedom of speech

Application of the rule of law

Democratic accountability

Transparency

6%

15%

36%

41%

52%

53%

63%

54

Transparency

Which of the following do you think are effective tools for individuals to fight corruption? Please select the top 3.*


None of the above

Political lobbying

International advocacy (e.g. NGOs such as Amnesty International)

Local advocacy (e.g. local pressure groups and charities/NGOs)

Social media eg Facebook, Twitter

Offline protest/demonstration (e.g. took part in a political meeting, demonstration

or other offline activity)

Mainstream media

12%

30%

36%

43%

43%

43%

47%

55

Transparency


Total agree:

81%

77%


In the last year I have actively looked for information on the practices or ethics of a company

I believe that national elections in my country are fair and not corrupt*

I do not feel the media in my country is free to report as it wishes*

News media are a critical way of scrutinising what public servants such as politicians do in my country*

The relationship between business and government in my country lacks transparency and accountability*

Wealth, power and opportunity are in the hands of only a few people in my country*

The more transparent a business is, the more likely I am to trust it

13%

14%

20%

21%

30%

42%

38%

30%

29%

29%

39%

40%

35%

43%

31%

25%

25%

25%

25%

15%

16%

18%

16%

18%

10%

4%

6%

2%

7%

16%

8%

5%

1%

2%

1%

Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree Column1

70%

60%

49%

43%

43%

56

Transparency

I do not feel the media in my country is free to report as it wishes.*% answering agree or agree a lot


UK

Germany

USA

France

Egypt

Spain

Brazil

South Africa

India

Russia

Mexico

25%

30%

38%

39%

41%

53%

58%

59%

60%

68%

74%

57

Transparency

I believe that national elections in my country are fair and not corrupt*% answering agree or agree a lot


Mexico

Russia

Brazil

USA

South Africa

India

Spain

France

Egypt

Germany

UK

15%

18%

23%

37%

39%

40%

45%

53%

56%

70%

70%

General

59

General


Total agree:

80%

66%


I am worried that it will take years before I will be able to get the kind of job I want

Youth unemployment is a problem that is insufficiently addressed in my country

35%

44%

31%

36%

16%

12%

12%

6%

6%

1%


60

General

Which is the best way to address youth unemployment?

State intervention41%

Entrepreneurialism33%

Private business21%

I do not think it needs addressing6%


61

General


Total agree:

50%


The worst of the global economic crisis is over

The worst of the economic crisis is over in my country

Organised religion plays a strong role in bettering my community*

I feel positive about my country’s future

Religion has too much influence on society in my country*

I believe my life will be better than my parents'

I am concerned that by using websites such as Facebook I am losing my privacy*

7%

6%

10%

12%

19%

15%

19%

17%

21%

23%

34%

29%

34%

31%

33%

30%

29%

28%

26%

33%

27%

33%

31%

20%

19%

18%

13%

17%

10%

12%

18%

8%

8%

5%

5%


49%

48%

46%

33%

27%

24%

62

General

I believe my life will be better than my parents' % answering agree or agree a lot


France

Spain

Germany

UK

USA

Egypt

Mexico

Russia

India

South Africa

Brazil

China

23%

24%

29%

30%

43%

54%

58%

62%

65%

66%

69%

72%

63

General

Which will be the most influential country (or regional group) by 2030?


Other

Russia

Brazil

India

European Union

USA

China

3%

4%

5%

7%

9%

21%

50%

64

General

Who will dominate the online landscape in the next 5 years?


Other

Twitter

Facebook

Google

2%

15%

33%

51%

65

General


Total agree:

73%

61%

33%


I trust global corporations

Women’s rights need to be strengthened in my country

Ownership of the media is too concentrated into the hands of a small amount of companies

9%

26%

32%

24%

35%

41%

38%

25%

21%

19%

11%

5%

9%

3%

1%


66

General

Do you know what the outcome was of the Rio +20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development?


Yes22%

No78%

Do you know what the outcome was of the Rio +20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development?

For those answering yes (n=1393): How far do you agree or disagree with the following statement: "I am satisfied with the outcome of the Rio +20 UN Conference on Sustainable Development"

15% 34% 23% 18% 10% Total agree 49%

67

General

Yes40%

No60%


In the recent (localised for each country) General Election were you satisfied with the choice of candidates?*

Do you consider political candidates to be role models?*

Yes28%

No72%

68

General


In the recent (localised for each country) General Election were you satisfied with the choice of candidates?* % answering ‘yes’

Mexico

Spain

Brazil

UK

India

South Africa

Germany

Russia

Egypt

France

USA

21%

29%

35%

37%

39%

40%

43%

45%

50%

51%

52%

69

General


Do you consider political candidates to be role models?*% answering ‘yes’

Brazil

France

Germany

Russia

Spain

UK

South Africa

USA

Mexico

India

Egypt

7%

11%

14%

15%

24%

25%

32%

37%

45%

45%

56%

70

General

What are the greatest motivators for you to vote? Please select the top 3 that apply.


Other

Immigration

Foreign policy

Taxation

Environment

Corruption

Social issues

Education

Economy/ Jobs

4%

17%

18%

25%

26%

37%

46%

59%

66%

Europe Questions

72

Europe


Total agree:

64%

Base: European countries n=2169

Individual European leaders are able to work together for the good of the Eu-ropean economy as a whole

There will be fewer opportunities for me in Europe in the next five years than in countries outside Europe

Austerity measures are the right approach to address the financial crisis in Europe

Germany’s role in Europe is too dominant

The Euro currency has a future

I am concerned about the rise of nationalist extremism in my country

There is a lack of competent leadership in Europe

5%

10%

9%

15%

12%

16%

22%

24%

25%

27%

26%

32%

32%

42%

38%

40%

38%

34%

29%

29%

26%

24%

20%

16%

19%

19%

17%

8%

10%

5%

10%

5%

9%

6%

1%


35%

44%

41%

36%

48%

29%

73

Europe

There is a lack of competent leadership in Europe % answering agree or agree a lot

Spain

UK

Germany

France

59%

59%

67%

71%

Germany’s role in Europe is too dominant% answering agree or agree a lot

Germany

UK

France

Spain

25%

29%

46%

70%

Base: European countries n=2169

One Young WorldCountries Research 2012