One-mole Amounts. Periodic Table Group 1A: Alkali Metals Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs Solids at room temp Reactive React with water to produce hydrogen and alkaline.

One-mole AmountsOne-mole Amounts

Periodic TablePeriodic Table

Group 1A: Alkali MetalsGroup 1A: Alkali MetalsLi, Na, K, Rb, CsLi, Na, K, Rb, Cs

• Solids at room temp

• Reactive

• React with water to produce hydrogen and alkaline solutions.

• Found in nature only in compounds, not as free element.

Group 1A: Alkali Group 1A: Alkali MetalsMetals

Li, Na, K, Rb, CsLi, Na, K, Rb, Cs

Group 1A: Alkali Group 1A: Alkali MetalsMetals

Li, Na, K, Rb, CsLi, Na, K, Rb, Cs

Cutting sodium metalCutting sodium metal

Reaction of potassium + H2O

Group 2A: Alkaline Earth MetalsGroup 2A: Alkaline Earth MetalsBe, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, RaBe, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

• React similarly to alkali metals with water (except Be)

• Occur inC nature only as compounds

• Abundance: Ca – 5th Mg – 7th

• Calcium carbonate – limestone, coral, marble, chalk, sea shells

• Radium – radioactive, medicinal use

MagnesiumMagnesium

Magnesium Magnesium oxideoxide

Group 2A: Alkaline Earth MetalsGroup 2A: Alkaline Earth MetalsBe, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, RaBe, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

Group 3A: B, Al, Ga, In, TlGroup 3A: B, Al, Ga, In, Tl

• Aluminum most important; abundant in Earth’s crust

• B only metalloid, the rest are metals

Group 3A: B, Al, Ga, In, Group 3A: B, Al, Ga, In, TlTl

Group 3A: B, Al, Ga, In, Group 3A: B, Al, Ga, In, TlTl

Al resists corrosion Al resists corrosion (here in nitric acid). (here in nitric acid).

Gallium is one of the few Gallium is one of the few metals that can be liquid metals that can be liquid

at room temp.at room temp.

Cu Al

Gems & MineralsGems & Minerals• Sapphire:Sapphire:

AlAl22OO33 with Fe with Fe3+3+

or Tior Ti3+3+ impurity impurity gives blue gives blue whereas Vwhereas V3+3+ gives violet.gives violet.

• Ruby:Ruby: AlAl22OO33

with Crwith Cr3+3+ impurityimpurity

Group 4A: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Group 4A: C, Si, Ge, Sn, PbPb

• Form oxides of the form XO2

• Carbon – in living organisms– Has different elemental forms: allotropes

• Diamond, Graphite, Buckyballs

• Silicon oxides – clay quartz, gems

Group 4A: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Group 4A: C, Si, Ge, Sn, PbPb

Group 4A: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Group 4A: C, Si, Ge, Sn, PbPb

Quartz, SiOQuartz, SiO22

DiamondDiamond

Group 5A: N, P, As, Sb, BiGroup 5A: N, P, As, Sb, Bi

• Nitrogen (N2) – 75% of the atmosphere

– In proteins, DNA, chlorophylls

– Ammonia, NH3

• Phosphorous - can glow in the dark– In DNA and RNA– Red and White allotropes

• Red – match tips• White – ignites spontaneously so stored under

water

Group 5A: N, P, As, Sb, BiGroup 5A: N, P, As, Sb, BiGroup 5A: N, P, As, Sb, BiGroup 5A: N, P, As, Sb, Bi

White and red White and red phosphorusphosphorus

Ammonia, NHAmmonia, NH33

Group 6A: O, S, Se, Te, PoGroup 6A: O, S, Se, Te, Po

• Oxygen – 20% of the atmosphere– Powers most life on Earth

• Sulfur– In proteins– Burning sulfur – brimstone

Group 6A: O, S, Se, Te, Group 6A: O, S, Se, Te, PoPo

Group 6A: O, S, Se, Te, Group 6A: O, S, Se, Te, PoPo

Sulfuric acid dripping from Sulfuric acid dripping from snot-tite in cave in Mexicosnot-tite in cave in Mexico

Elemental S has a ring Elemental S has a ring structure.structure.

Group 7A: HalogensGroup 7A: HalogensF, Cl, Br, I, AtF, Cl, Br, I, At

• Non-metals

• Exist as diatomic molecules– F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

– F2, Cl2, Br2 gases at room temperature

– I2 solid

– At rare– React with alkali metals to form “salts”

Group 7A: Group 7A: HalogensHalogens

F, Cl, Br, I, AtF, Cl, Br, I, At

Group 7A: Group 7A: HalogensHalogens

F, Cl, Br, I, AtF, Cl, Br, I, At

Group 8A: Noble Gases Group 8A: Noble Gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, RnHe, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

• Least reactive– Some have no known compounds

• Helium – produces by fusion of hydrogen in the sun

Group 8A: Noble Group 8A: Noble Gases Gases

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, RnHe, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

Group 8A: Noble Group 8A: Noble Gases Gases

He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, RnHe, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

TransitionTransition Elements Elements• All metals

• Most found in compounds

• Silver, gold, platinum less reactive and found as pure elements

Lanthanides & Actinides Lanthanides & Actinides •Not very abundant

•Uranium is highest atomic number that occurs naturally. Those with greater atomic number are man made and often have short lifetime.

Transition ElementsTransition ElementsTransition ElementsTransition Elements

Lanthanides and actinidesLanthanides and actinides

Iron in air gives Iron in air gives iron(III) oxideiron(III) oxide

Colors of Transition Colors of Transition Metal CompoundsMetal Compounds

Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc