On Coastal Areas .

on Coastal Areas

http://www.mcgrawhill.ca/school/schoolGraphics/sf07_samplechapter_topic2.pdf

Do humans affect coastal ecology?

http://biodiv.sinica.edu.tw/~chankk/phot o-gallery.htm

Local Harbors and Bays are impacted!

Green Harbor

Cohasset Harbor

Boston Harbor

Buzzard’s Bay

Waquoit Bay

Name some ways in which humans affect coastal areas.

Developments Along the Coast

http://wrc.iewatershed.com/index.php?pagename=education_about_09

How Trash Effects Wildlife

http://www.farallones.org/e_newsletter/2006-08/marinedebris.htm

What is Marine Debris?Marine debris is the solid human made rubbish that is discarded at sea or ends up in the sea after being disposed of on land.

http://www.nt.gov.au/nreta/environment/waste/publications/pdf/Factsheets_Marine_Debris.pdf

http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdf/Marine%20Debris%20in%20GOM.pdf

Click Below for a Slideshow:

There are many ways that rubbish can enter the sea, including:

•dumping of garbage at sea by ships, fishing boats and pleasure craft. •deliberate discarding and accidental loss of fishing nets at sea.

http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdf/Marine%20Debris%20in%20GOM.pdf

Click Below for a Slideshow:

Also:

Litter left on beaches by picnickers.

Escape of litter from coastal rubbish dumps.

Drains and sewage systems that empty into the sea.

http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdf/Marine%20Debris%20in%20GOM.pdf

Click Below for a Slideshow:

http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/

•Pathogens are found in raw sewage, its a disease-causing viruses and bacteria. It can cause serious health threats to people and animals, that’s why its unsafe to go swimming, boating, and shell fishing.

Sewage- The waste matter that passes through sewers.

Effluent- Flowing out or forth; refers to liquid wastewhich comes from sewage treatment plants.

Boston Harbor Data 1990-2005

 BacteriaNutrients & Algae Physical

MeasurementsWater Clarity

-Fecal coliform

-E. coli

-Enterococcus

-Chlorophyll

-Phaeophytin

-Dissolved inorganic nutrients

-Temperature

-Salinity

-pH

-Dissolved oxygen

-Total suspended solids

-Secchi disk depth

http://www.mwra.state.ma.us/harbor/html/bh_wq.htm

Eutrophication - Caused by the increase in an ecosystem of chemical nutrients, typically compounds containing nitrogen or phosphorus.

http://www.bigelow.org/edhab/Activitieshttp://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/landwater/water/environconcerns/hab/

Algae Bloom- A relatively rapid increase in the population of (usually) phytoplankton

algae in an aquatic system.

Red Tide - caused by a population explosion of dinoflagellates.

http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/shellfish/Biotoxins/PSP_e.htm

Some dinoflagellates give off a poison as a waste

product.

http://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/ops/fm/shellfish/Biotoxins/PSP_e.htm

Shellfish beds closed

http://www.buzzardsbay.org/shellfish.htm

http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/env_facts/overfishing.html

Bycatch- Unwanted marine creatures that are caught in the nets while fishing for another species.

Shrimping Bycatchhttp://marinebio.org/i/bycatch.jpg

•Ghost fishing is the term used for lost or abandoned fishing gear that

continues to catch fish or anything else that goes into the net. It is

environmentally deleterious and the fish caught is wasted.

http://www.oceansatlas.org/world_fisheries_and_aquaculture/html/issues/ecosys/gearloss/ghost_fishing.htm

Entanglement and IngestionIngestion

Marine species confuse plastic bags, rubber, balloons and confectionery

wrappers with prey and ingest them. The debris usually causes a physical

blockage in the digestive system, leading to painful internal injuries.

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/ktp/marine-debris.html

EntanglementEntanglement in marine debris can

cause restricted mobility, starvation, infection, amputation, drowning and

smothering.

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/ktp/marine-debris.html

Entanglement and Ingestion

X-ray of turtles being treated at a clinic in Florida yielded contents in just one turtle that were found to be balloons and a fast-food latex glove.

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/ktp/marine-debris.html

http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/invasives/ http://www.diversitas-international.org/cross_invasive.html

Invasive Species- A species is regarded as invasive if it has been introduced by human action to a location, area, or region where it did not previously occur naturally.

http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Phragmites_australis.html#Description

Hemigrapsus sanguineus – Asian Shore Crab

http://cars.er.usgs.gov/Nonindigenous_Species/Asian_shore_crab/asian_shore_crab.html

Sustainability refers to the potential longevity of vital human ecological support systems.

http://www.wairc.govt.nz/enviroinfo/indicators/community/sustainability/images/sustainability.gif

Sustainable means that something can continue indefinitely without running out of materials or energy.

http://www.wairc.govt.nz/enviroinfo/indicators/community/sustainability/images/sustainability.gif

Why do we care about having sustainable ecosystems?

http://www.wairc.govt.nz/enviroinfo/indicators/community/sustainability/images/sustainability.gif

http://www.mos.org/oceans/scientist/submersibles.html

http://www.mos.org/oceans/scientist/submersibles.html

People use submersibles to study underwater environments

YOU can make a difference!Protect Massachusetts

waterways.Get involved.

Every little bit helps!!