Ổn áp xoay chiều dùng VXL

8/12/2019 Ổn áp xoay chiều dùng VXL

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THIEÁT KEÁ OÅN AÙP XOAY CHIEÀU DUØNG VI XÖÛ LYÙ

GVHD:Thaày Leâ Ngoïc Ñình SVTH: Traàn Nguyeâ

ASSEMBLER INVOKED BY:D:\LUANVA~1\MYDOCU~1\MY\ASM51\ASM51.EXE LVKHOA.AS

LOC OBJ LINE SOURCE

1 ; P0.1 tang ap : quay thuan2 ; P0.2 giam ap : quay nghich

0000 3 ORG 0000H

0000 758901 4 MOV TMOD,#01H5 LVTN:

0003 20970E 6 JB P1.7,L1 ;so sanh ap vao voi 207 & nhaL1 khi > 2070006 C282 7 CLR P0.2 ; ap vao < 2070008 D281 8 SETB P0.1

000A 1191 9 ACALL DELAY600000C C281 10 CLR P0.1000E D282 11 SETB P0.20010 C282 12 CLR P0.20012 80EF 13 JMP LVTN

14 L1:

0014 20960E 15 JB P1.6,L2 ; so sanh ap vao voi 211 & nhaL2 khi > 2110017 C282 16 CLR P0.2 ;207 <ap vao <2110019 D281 17 SETB P0.1001B 11AF 18 ACALL DELAY500





001D C281 19 CLR P0.1001F D282 20 SETB P0.20021 C282 21 CLR P0.2

0023 80DE 22 JMP LVTN23 L2:

0025 20950E 24 JB P1.5,L3 ; so sanh ap vao voi 215 & nhaL3 khi > 2150028 C282 25 CLR P0.2 ; 211 < ap vao < 215002A D281 26 SETB P0.1

002C 11CD 27 ACALL DELAY310002E C281 28 CLR P0.10030 D282 29 SETB P0.20032 C282 30 CLR P0.20034 80CD 31 JMP LVTN

32 L3:

0036 20940E 33 JB P1.4,L4 ; so sanh ap vao voi 219 & nhaL4 khi > 2190039 C282 34 CLR P0.2 ; 215 < ap vao < 219003B D281 35 SETB P0.1003D 11EB 36 ACALL DELAY110003F C281 37 CLR P0.1

0041 D282 38 SETB P0.20043 C282 39 CLR P0.20045 80BC 40 JMP LVTN

41 L4:





0047 209306 42 JB P1.3,L5 ; so sanh ap vao voi 223 & nhaL5 khi >223004A C282 43 CLR P0.2 ; 219 < ap vao < 223

004C C281 44 CLR P0.1004E 80B3 45 JMP LVTN

46 L5:0050 20920E 47 JB P1.2,L6 ; so sanh ap vao voi 227 & nhaL6 khi > 2270053 C281 48 CLR P0.1 ; 223 < ap vao < 227

0055 D282 49 SETB P0.20057 3109 50 ACALL DELAY220MCS-51 MACRO ASSEMBLER LVKHO01/07/:2 PAGE 2

LOC OBJ LINE SOURCE

0059 C282 51 CLR P0.2005B D281 52 SETB P0.1005D C281 53 CLR P0.1005F 80A2 54 JMP LVTN

55 L6:0061 20910E 56 JB P1.1,L7 ; so sanh ap vao voi 231 & nhaL7 khi > 2310064 C281 57 CLR P0.1 ; 227 < ap vao < 2310066 D282 58 SETB P0.2





0068 3127 59 ACALL DELAY410006A C282 60 CLR P0.2006C D281 61 SETB P0.1

006E C281 62 CLR P0.10070 8091 63 JMP LVTN

64 L7:0072 20900E 65 JB P1.0,L8 ; so sanh ap vao voi 236 & nhaL8 khi > 2360075 C281 66 CLR P0.1 ; 231 < ap vao < 236

0077 D282 67 SETB P0.20079 3145 68 ACALL DELAY610007B C282 69 CLR P0.2007D D281 70 SETB P0.1007F C281 71 CLR P0.10081 8080 72 JMP LVTN

73 L8:0083 C281 74 CLR P0.1 ; ap vao > 2360085 D282 75 SETB P0.20087 3163 76 ACALL DELAY7000089 C282 77 CLR P0.2008B D281 78 SETB P0.1

008D C281 79 CLR P0.1008F 0103 80 JMP LVTN

81 DELAY600:0091 7804 82 MOV R0,#4

83 D2:





0093 7903 84 MOV R1,#30095 758C3C 85 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50000)0098 758AB0 86 MOV TL0,#LOW(-50000)

87 D1:009B D28C 88 SETB TR0009D 308DFD 89 JNB TF0,$00A0 C28D 90 CLR TF000A2 C28C 91 CLR TR000A4 758C3C 92 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50000)

00A7 758AB0 93 MOV TL0,#LOW(-50000)00AA D9EF 94 DJNZ R1,D100AC D8E5 95 DJNZ R0,D200AE 22 96 RET

9798 DELAY500:

00AF 7805 99 MOV R0,#5100 D4:

00B1 7902 101 MOV R1,#200B3 758C3C 102 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50000)00B6 758AB0 103 MOV TL0,#LOW(-50000)

104 D3:

00B9 D28C 105 SETB TR0MCS-51 MACRO ASSEMBLER LVKHO01/07/:2 PAGE 3





LOC OBJ LINE SOURCE

00BB 308DFD 106 JNB TF0,$

00BE C28D 107 CLR TF000C0 C28C 108 CLR TR000C2 758C3C 109 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50000)00C5 758AB0 110 MOV TL0,#LOW(-50000)00C8 D9EF 111 DJNZ R1,D300CA D8E5 112 DJNZ R0,D4

00CC 22 113 RET114 DELAY310:

00CD 781F 115 MOV R0,#31116 D6:

00CF 7902 117 MOV R1,#200D1 758CEC 118 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-5000)

00D4 758A78 119 MOV TL0,#LOW(-5000)120 D5:

00D7 D28C 121 SETB TR000D9 308DFD 122 JNB TF0,$00DC C28D 123 CLR TF000DE C28C 124 CLR TR0

00E0 758CEC 125 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-5000)00E3 758A78 126 MOV TL0,#LOW(-5000)00E6 D9EF 127 DJNZ R1,D500E8 D8E5 128 DJNZ R0,D600EA 22 129 RET





130 DELAY110:00EB 780B 131 MOV R0,#11

132 D8:

00ED 7902 133 MOV R1,#200EF 758CEC 134 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-5000)00F2 758A78 135 MOV TL0,#LOW(-5000)

136 D7:00F5 D28C 137 SETB TR000F7 308DFD 138 JNB TF0,$

00FA C28D 139 CLR TF000FC C28C 140 CLR TR000FE 758CEC 141 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-5000)0101 758A78 142 MOV TL0,#LOW(-5000)0104 D9EF 143 DJNZ R1,D70106 D8E5 144 DJNZ R0,D8

0108 22 145 RET146 DELAY220:

0109 780B 147 MOV R0,#11148 D10:

010B 7904 149 MOV R1,#4010D 758CEC 150 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-5000)

0110 758A78 151 MOV TL0,#LOW(-5000)152 D9:

0113 D28C 153 SETB TR00115 308DFD 154 JNB TF0,$0118 C28D 155 CLR TF0





011A C28C 156 CLR TR0011C 758CEC 157 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-5000)011F 758A78 158 MOV TL0,#LOW(-5000)

0122 D9EF 159 DJNZ R1,D90124 D8E5 160 DJNZ R0,D10MCS-51 MACRO ASSEMBLER LVKHO01/07/:2 PAGE 4

LOC OBJ LINE SOURCE

0126 22 161 RET162 DELAY410:

0127 7829 163 MOV R0,#41164 D12:

0129 7902 165 MOV R1,#2012B 758CEC 166 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-5000)012E 758A78 167 MOV TL0,#LOW(-5000)

168 D11:0131 D28C 169 SETB TR00133 308DFD 170 JNB TF0,$

0136 C28D 171 CLR TF00138 C28C 172 CLR TR0013A 758CEC 173 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-5000)013D 758A78 174 MOV TL0,#LOW(-5000)0140 D9EF 175 DJNZ R1,D11





0142 D8E5 176 DJNZ R0,D120144 22 177 RET

178 DELAY610:

0145 783D 179 MOV R0,#61180 D14:

0147 7902 181 MOV R1,#20149 758CEC 182 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-5000)014C 758A78 183 MOV TL0,#LOW(-5000)

184 D13:

014F D28C 185 SETB TR00151 308DFD 186 JNB TF0,$0154 C28D 187 CLR TF00156 C28C 188 CLR TR00158 758CEC 189 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-5000)015B 758A78 190 MOV TL0,#LOW(-5000)

015E D9EF 191 DJNZ R1,D130160 D8E5 192 DJNZ R0,D140162 22 193 RET

194 DELAY700:0163 7807 195 MOV R0,#7

196 D16:

0165 7902 197 MOV R1,#20167 758C3C 198 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50000)016A 758AB0 199 MOV TL0,#LOW(-50000)

200 D15:016D D28C 201 SETB TR0





016F 308DFD 202 JNB TF0,$0172 C28D 203 CLR TF00174 C28C 204 CLR TR0

0176 758C3C 205 MOV TH0,#HIGH(-50000)0179 758AB0 206 MOV TL0,#LOW(-50000)017C D9EF 207 DJNZ R1,D15017E D8E5 208 DJNZ R0,D160180 22 209 RET

210 END





MCS-51 MACRO ASSEMBLER LVKHO01/07/:2 PAGE 5

SYMBOL TABLE LISTING------ ----- -------

N A M E T Y P E V A L U E A T T R I B U T E S

D1 . . . . C ADDR 009BH AD10. . . . C ADDR 010BH AD11. . . . C ADDR 0131H AD12. . . . C ADDR 0129H AD13. . . . C ADDR 014FH A

D14. . . . C ADDR 0147H AD15. . . . C ADDR 016DH AD16. . . . C ADDR 0165H AD2 . . . . C ADDR 0093H AD3 . . . . C ADDR 00B9H AD4 . . . . C ADDR 00B1H A

D5 . . . . C ADDR 00D7H AD6 . . . . C ADDR 00CFH AD7 . . . . C ADDR 00F5H AD8 . . . . C ADDR 00EDH AD9 . . . . C ADDR 0113H A





DELAY110 . C ADDR 00EBH ADELAY220 . C ADDR 0109H ADELAY310 . C ADDR 00CDH A

DELAY410 . C ADDR 0127H ADELAY500 . C ADDR 00AFH ADELAY600 . C ADDR 0091H ADELAY610 . C ADDR 0145H ADELAY700 . C ADDR 0163H AL1 . . . . C ADDR 0014H A

L2 . . . . C ADDR 0025H AL3 . . . . C ADDR 0036H AL4 . . . . C ADDR 0047H AL5 . . . . C ADDR 0050H AL6 . . . . C ADDR 0061H AL7 . . . . C ADDR 0072H A

L8 . . . . C ADDR 0083H ALVTN . . . C ADDR 0003H AP0 . . . . D ADDR 0080H AP1 . . . . D ADDR 0090H ATF0. . . . B ADDR 0088H.5 ATH0. . . . D ADDR 008CH A

TL0. . . . D ADDR 008AH ATMOD . . . D ADDR 0089H ATR0. . . . B ADDR 0088H.4 A

REGISTER BANK(S) USED: 0







:1000200082C28280DE20950EC282D28111CDC28131:10003000D282C28280CD20940EC282D28111EBC2C4:1000400081D282C28280BC209306C282C28180B3E8

:1000500020920EC281D2823109C282D281C28180B5:10006000A220910EC281D2823127C282D281C28166:10007000809120900EC281D2823145C282D281C24B:10008000818080C281D2823163C282D281C28101E9:100090000378047903758C3C758AB0D28C308DFD61:1000A000C28DC28C758C3C758AB0D9EFD8E52278A8:1000B000057902758C3C758AB0D28C308DFDC28D6D:1000C000C28C758C3C758AB0D9EFD8E522781F793F:1000D00002758CEC758A78D28C308DFDC28DC28C05:1000E000758CEC758A78D9EFD8E522780B79027592:1000F0008CEC758A78D28C308DFDC28DC28C758C5B:10010000EC758A78D9EFD8E522780B7904758CECF8:10011000758A78D28C308DFDC28DC28C758CEC7551

:100120008A78D9EFD8E52278297902758CEC758A1E:1001300078D28C308DFDC28DC28C758CEC758A782E:10014000D9EFD8E522783D7902758CEC758A78D2A2:100150008C308DFDC28DC28C758CEC758A78D9EF90:10016000D8E52278077902758C3C758AB0D28C303C:100170008DFDC28DC28C758C3C758AB0D9EFD8E5E7:01018000225C

:00000001FF





CHÖÔNG IV: THI COÂNG MOÂ HÌNHOÅN AÙP XOAY CHIEÀU DUØNG VI XÖÛ LYÙCaùc linh kieän söû duïng thieát keá:a> OPTOCOUPLERS:





Optocouple hay coøn goïi laø Optoisolator laø moät loïai linh kieän qduïng ñeå taïo maïch caùch ly veà ñieän. Cho pheùp ngöôøi thieát keá ngoõ ra baèng thay ñoåi naêng löôïng caáp cho ngoõ vaøo. Tuy nhieân h

vaø ngoõ ra cuûa maïch ñöôïc caùch ly veà ñieän baèng moät ñieän trôûkieän naøy coù theå chöùa photodiode, transistor, opamp…. hoïaêc caùc linh kieän khaùc

coù theå giao tieáp ñöôïc vôùi maïch ñieàu khieån ñieàu khieån bôûi. thöôøng söû duïng Led hoàng ngoïai.

Nguyeân taéc hoïat ñoäng cuûa linh kieän : Khi coù doøng ñieän chseõ phaùt ra soùng hoàng ngoïai vaø döôùi taùc ñoäng cuûa soùng hoàn

nhö photodiode seõ bò taùc ñoäng vaø daãn ñieän. Nhö vaäy hai maïchra ñöôïc caùch ly vôùi nhau.

Maïch ñieàu khieån töø xa söû duïng optocoupler loïai 4N35 laø loïsöû duïng transistor (nhö hình).

Ñ/aùpc/ly VCEMAX Ñ/aùpngöôïc ICMAX VCEbhoaø Ñ/aùpt3.55KV 30V 6V 100mA 0.3V

b> TRANSITOR:1.>C828:

OPTO1

C828





Ñaây laø loaïi transitor npn.Caùc thoâng soá kyõ thuaät:

VCBMAX VCEMAX ICEMAX hfe 30 V 30 V 50 Ma 65

2.>B688 :

Ñaây laø loaïi trasitor pnp.Caùc thoâng soá kyõ thuaät :

VCBMAX VCEMAX ICEMAX hfe 50 V 50 V 8 A 70

3.>A671:

B688

A671





Ñaây laø loaïi trasitor pnp.Caùc thoâng soá kyõ thuaät :

VCBMAX VCEMAX ICEMAX hfe 50 V 50 V 3 A 35

4. H1061:

Ñaây laø loaïi transitor npn.Caùc thoâng soá kyõ thuaät:VCBMAX VCEMAX ICEMAX hfe

40 V 40 V 4 A 35

5.D718:

Ñaây laø loaïi transitor npn.

H1061

D718





Caùc thoâng soá kyõ thuaät:VCBMAX VCEMAX ICEMAX hfe 30 V 80 V 7 A 60

6.A1015:

Ñaây laø loaïi trasitor pnp.Caùc thoâng soá kyõ thuaät :VCBMAX VCEMAX ICEMAX hfe 100 V 50 V 0.5 A 100

OP-AM (OP 07)

Supplyvoltrange

Input volt Powerdissipation Testcondition

+- 3 to+

-18V +- 30V 500 mW +

- 15Open/l/v Bias Stew/r/r time O/P/V swing

A1015





gain current132 +

- 22 nA 0.17V/ S +- 13

Chaân 1, 7 : Vcc+.Chaân 4,8 : Vcc- .Chaân 2 : Input ñaûo.Chaân 3 : Input khoâng ñaûo .Chaân 6 : Output .

Nguyeân taéc hoaït ñoäng cuûa oån aùp nhö sau:

Ñieän aùp ñaàu vaøo ñöôïc so saùnh vôùi aùp chuaån 220V. Khi songoõ ra coù 2 möùc logic +4.5V vaø–4.5V.

Trong khi ñoù 8951 chæ ñoïc ñöôïc caùc möùc 0 vaø 1,do ñoù ta pmöùc–4.5V trôû thaønh 0V ( möùc 0). Port 1 ñöôïc söû duïng laøm ngoõ ñöôïc söû duïng laøm ngoõ xuaát ( P0.1 quay thuaän, P0.2 quay ngòch).

26

1

34 5

78





P0.1 vaø P0.2 ñöôïc noái ñeán ngoõ ñieàu khieån maïch ñieàu roänchaân tích cöïc ñoäng cô seõ quay 1 chieàu trong 1 khoaûng thôøi giantröôùc.Tuyø thuoäc vaøo giaù trò ñieän aùp ñaàu vaøo maø ñoäng cô co

öùng nhaèm naâng ñieän aùp leân giaù trò ñaët.

Maïch thieát keá ñöôïc trình baøy nhö hình sau vaø löu doà giaûi thuaät.

Thieát keá vaø tính toaùn:1. Maïch so saùnh ñieän aùp:

Duøng nguoàn chuaån 24V phaân aùp treân trôû ñeå taïo ra caùc m

24 VDC

2,2K

100K

13.91V

14.16





Toång trôû cuûa maïch: Z = 242 k.Doøng ñieän chaûy trong maïch laø: I = 0.099709181A.Töø ñoù tính ñöôïc caùc möùc aùp treân hình treân vaø caùc möùc aáy cu

ño ñaïc sau khi thieát keá.Laáy aùp chuaån ñöôïc taïo ra bôûi caàu phaân theá so saùnh vôùi ngoõ rduïng bieán theá 220V/ 13.25.

So saùnh duøng OP 07 neáu ngoõ ra cuûa oån aùp > nguoàn chuaån E (4.5V).





Neáu ngöôïc laïi thì ngoõ ra- E(-4.5V).2. Maïch chuyeån ñoåi caùc möùc logic:

Vout = Vcc- (( Vin– Vbe– Vcesat)/Rb ) Rc.In = E Vout Vcc.In = E Vout 0.

Choïn caùc ñieän tôû coù giaù trò nhö vaäy:Döïa vaøo ñieàu kieän baõo hoøa cuûa trasitor:

Ib > ic/ . = 100 do transitor laø A1015.

Choïn ib = 3 ic/ .Ic =(Vcc– Vcesat)/ Rc.Ib = (Vin– Vbe–Vcesat)/Rb.

Choïn Rc = 1k

Suy ra ic = 4.8 ma.Ib = 0.144 ma.

Suy ra Rb = 2.2kRb caøng beù thì ib caøng lôùn keùo theo transitor baõo hoaø caøng nhan

3. Maïch xöû lyù:

A1015Rb 1k

Rc 1k

out

in

Vcc 5v

Gnd





Duøng 8951 laøm CPU xöû lyù chính trong khoái ñieàu khieån.Caùc chaân 8951 ñöôïc söû duïng seõ ñöôïc keùo leân nguoàn tho10k.Ta phaûi duøng ñieän trôû keùo leân do caùc chaân 8951 ôû daï

neân doøng vaøo raát yeáu, khi reset hay clear thì nhôø ñieän trôû kecaáp ñuû doøng cho transitor hoaït ñoäng.

Gaén thaïch anh:Thaïch anh chæ laø tuï neân muoán taïo dao ñoäng thì phaûi coù ñie

lieân tuïc. Vì theá coù 2 tuï giaáy gaén vaøo 2 chaân cuûa thaïch anh taïo dao ñoäng.

4. Maïch ñoäng löïc:Kích ñoái nghòch

P0.1 kích 1, 3 caáp nguoàn cho ñoäng cô quay thuaän nhaèmaùp.

P0.2 kích 2, 4 caáp nguoàn cho ñoäng cô quay nghòch nhaèmaùp.

Phaûi duøng maïch ñoäng löïc vì caàn cung caáp doøng vaø a

ôû cheá ñoä ñònh möùc ñeå coù soá voøng quay baèng vôùi soá vokhieån ñoäng cô theo ñieàu roäng xung:

4

2

3

Tlv1 Tlv2





5. Xaùc ñònh caùc khoaûng thôøi gian delay :* Moãi voøng daây cheânh nhau 0.457V.* Ñoäng cô khi hoaït ñoäng ôû cheá ñoä ñònh möùc ñaït 2400

* Tính toaùn phaàn cô ño ñaït daây ñai vaø baùnh raêng truyecaùc tyû soá truyeàn ta xaùc ñònh ñöôïc khi quay 1 raêng baùñoäng töùc laø thay ñoåi ñöôïc 0.457V. Vì vaäy, ñeå thay ñoåicaàn 1 khoaûng thôøi gian 125/6 ms. Ta coù baûng sau:

Möùc aùp (V) Aùp cheânh leäch (V) Thôøi gian dela207 13 590

211 9 410215 5 220219 1 NOP223 -3 130227 -7 320231 -11 500

236 -16 730Töø baûng treân ta choïn caùc khoaûng thôøi gian delay ñoái vôùi t

Keát quaû thi coâng moâ hi(nh ñaõ ñieàu khieån döôïc ( khi aùp220V thì giaûm xuoáng coøn 220V vaø khi ap nhoû hôn thì naâng le

naøy chöa ñaït toái öu do khi thieát keá giaù thaønh cao hôn thò tröôthaåm myõ chöa ñaït döôïc . Do treân thò tröôøng hieän nay oån aùp xsöû duïng 3 möùc so saùnh vaø dieàu khieån aùp leân xuoáng nhöng oåkeá thì nhaän bieát döôïc töøng möùc vaø caàn theâm bao nhieâu thì na





PHUÏ LUÏC

1 Baøi giaûng truyeàn ñoäng ñieän ( Ñaïi hoïc Baùch Khoa TP HBaùch Khoa Haø Noäi)

2 Microcontroller




3 Nguyeân lyù maïch tích hôïp.

4 Ñieän töû coâng suaát 1 ( Thaày Nguyeãn Vaên Nhôø)

5 Ñieän töû coâng suaát 2.

Ổn áp xoay chiều dùng VXL

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