Oleh: Dimas Rahadian AM, S.TP. M.Sc Email: [email protected] JURUSAN ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI PANGAN UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA
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Oleh:
Dimas Rahadian AM, S.TP. M.Sc
Email: [email protected]
JURUSAN ILMU DAN TEKNOLOGI PANGAN
UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET
SURAKARTA
Integrated Palm Oil Process Chain Management
Oil Palm Seed Production
Oil Palm Plantation
Palm Oil Mill
Palm Oil Refinery
UP-STREAM MID-STREAM DOWN-STREAM
PRINSIP PENGOLAHAN SAWIT
• Sterilisasi tandan buah segar (TBS)
• Pelepasan buah dari tandan
• Pengepresan buah untuk mendapatkan minyak
• Penjernihan minyak
• Pemisahan serat dan biji
• Pemecahan biji
• Pemisahan inti dan cangkang
UTILITAS• Penyediaan uap (steam)
• Pembangkitan listrik
• Pengolahan air
• Pengelalaan limbah
PRODUK• CPO
• INTI SAWIT
PEMANENAN....
PENGANGKUTAN....
PENERIMAAN BUAH....
LOADING RAMP....
Tujuan :
○ Enzim ≠ FFA
○ Pelepasan buah
○ Preparasi mesokarp
○ Preconditioning kernel
Mesin :
Horizontal vessels P 3 kg cm-2 ; T 1430C ; t under
steam 60 min
PEREBUSAN / STERILISASI....
Gambar 3.1. Skema alat Sterilizer tipe horizontal
a. pipa saluran uap masuk; b. Manometer;
c. pintu masuk; d. pintu keluar; e. Lori; f. kran afblas
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Triple Peak Sterilization
14' 12'
2'
11'
2'
45'
4'
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Te
ka
na
n s
tea
m (
kg
/cm
2)
Waktu (menit)
Kurva Perebusan Tiga Puncak
Steam
2,3
2,5
2,8
Shaking and beating (hentakan)
buah lepas dari tandan
Mesin: Drum horizontal
Ø = 1,8 – 2 m; l = 3 – 5 m;
rotasi = 20 – 25 rpm
PELEPASAN BUAH DARI TANDAN...
Tromol pemipil
Tempat
pengeluaran
tandan kosong
Tempat masuknya
tandan buah kelapa
sawit dari feeder
Tujuan :
digest mesocarp’s cells
Reheat
Loosen pericarp-nuts
Mesin :Silinder vertikal
Dilengkapi pisau pengaduk
T 95 – 1000C;
waktu operasi 20 min
PENGHANCURAN...
Digester
Hasil pengepresan :
minyak (66%) ; air (24%); padatan tersuspensi (10%)
Sisa pengepresan :
cake : serabut, biji
PENGEPRESAN...
MINYAK (66%), AIR (24%) DAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI (10%)
Dilution with water
Screening
Settling
Vacuum drying
Cooling
Storage
OIL
mc 0.1-0.2%; Impurities <0.02%
PENJERNIHAN MINYAK...
PEMURNIAN MINYAK MENTAH (Refining)
Menghilangkan impurities yang tidak berguna, mempertahankan
minor components yang berguna dan mendapatkan trigliserida
sebanyak mungkin namun tetap ekonomis
Degumming penghilangan gum
Netralisasi penghilangan asam lemak bebas (FFA)
Bleaching penghilangan warna
Deodorisasi penghilangan bau
FLOWCHART PABRIK MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT
PT. Letawa Ltd.
Sterilizer (4 unit)
Transfer Carriage (2 unit)
Loading
Ramp @ 12 doors
Hanging
bridgeCondensat Pit
Blowdown
Chamber
Blowoff
Silencer
Main Steam
Auxiliary Steam
Condensat
Exhaust
Capstan
Dilution Pump
Sludge Pit
Effluent Pump
Thresher (3 unit)
HEB Conv.
IEB Conv.
Under Thresher Conv.
Auto Feeder
Hoisting Crane (3 unit)
HEB Conv.
Incinerator
Fruit
Elevator
Bottom
Cross
Conv.
TopCross
Conv.Distributing Conveyor
Digester
Screw Press
Cake Breaker Conveyor
PolishingDrum
Oil Gutter
Vibrating Screen (4 unit)
Crude Oil Tank
CO Pump
Sand
Cyclone
Sand Settling
Tank
Sludge DesandingPump
Sludge
TankWetOil
Tank
Clarifier
Tank
Clarifier
Tank
Recycling
TankOil Recycling Pump
Distributing TankSludge
BufferTank
Purifier (4 unit)
Sludge Centrifuge (7 unit)
Collecting
Tank
Oil
CollectingPump
Oil Storage
Tank No.1
Oil Storage
Tank No.2
Oil Despatch PumpDry Oil Pump
Wet Oil Pump
Float
Tank
Vacuum Pump
Vacuum
Drier
Sand Trap
Tank
KernelHopper
Shell
Hopper
Fiber Shell Conv.Fuel Dist.
Conv.
Water Tube
Boiler 18t/h(Mechmar-2 unit);
Boiler 20 t/h(Atmindo-1 unit)
Steam Turbine
650 kW (3 unit)
Back Pressure Vessel (BPV)
Shell Conveyor
Kernel Distr.
Conveyor
Kernel Disch.
Conveyor
Winnowing Fan
Kernel Sorting Belt Conv.
Kernel Drier No. 1
Kernel Drier No. 2
Kernel DespatchConveyor
Kernel Despatch
Hopper
KD. Fan 1.1 KD. Fan 1.2
KD. Fan 2.2KD. Fan 2.1
Hidrosiklon
Kernel
Pump
Shell
Pump
Kernel Conv.
Kernel Silo 1 Kernel Silo 2
Kernel
Storage
Elevator
Storage Chain Conveyor
Despatch Chain Conveyor
Kernel
Desp.
Elevator
DESPATCH CPODESPATCH KERNEL
Depericarper
Fan
LTDS 1 Fan
LTDS 2 Fan
CM Polishing
Drum
Vibrating
Grate
LTDS 1
Cyclone
LTDS 2
Cyclone
Secondary
Dep. Fan
Sec. Dep.
Cyclone
Depericarper
Cyclone
Wet
Kernel
Conv.
Wet Shell
Conv.
Wet
Kernel
Elevator
Wet
Shell
Elevator
Nut Hopper
Nut
Basculator
Ripple
Mill
CM Conveyor
CM
Elevator
Kernel
Basculator
Incl. Nut Conveyor
KEBUN
TransportWeigh Bridge
Anaerobic
Pond 1
Anaerobic
Pond 2
Anaerobic
Pond 3
Anaerobic
Pond 4
Mixing
Pond 1
Mixing
Pond 2
Mixing
Pond 3
Mixing
Pond 4
Cooling
Pond 1
Cooling
Pond 2
Contact
Pond 1
Contact
Pond 2
Aerobic
Pond
ke Land Aplikasi
Domestic
HydrantDeaerator
Softener
SWT
Clarifier TankWater Tank
SandSettling
Feed Water
Pump
Gravity Sand Filter
S. RokanRaw Water Pump
Ke Concrete Bak
Turbine Cooler Pump
Ke Hot Water Tank
Copyright : Management Trainee Factory Assistant 2000
Brush
Strainer
Sludge
Basculator
Genset
250 kW (2 unit)
150 kW (1 unit)
ke Sterilizer
ke Proses
Sand
Settling
Ste
am
20
kP
a
Ste
am
3kP
a
Bollard
Lorry 105 unit
Deaerasi
Mulching
NOT USED
Standar Mutu Minyak Goreng...
Keadaan ; bau dan rasa normal
Kadar air maksimal 0,3 persen
Kadar asam lemak bebas maksimal 0,3 persen sebagai asam laurat
Kadar kotoran maksimal 0,05 persen.
Bilangan peroksida maksimal 5 mg oks/grsampel﴾jumlah meq oksigen yang terdapatpada 100 g minyak﴿.
Bilangan penyabunan 255-265
Bilangan Iodium 8-10
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