Okra Insects A
Lecture To ToT trainees ( FFS) By
Mr. Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator
IPM KPK MINFAL Pakistan
• Crop: BhendiScientific Name: Ablemoschus esculantusFamily: Malvaceae
Shoot and fruit borer: Earias vitella, E. insulana
Symptoms of damage:
• Terminal shoots wither and droop
• Shedding of buds and flowers
• Bore hole in fruits and feed• Deformed fruits
Larvae of E. vitella feeding on okra fruit
Shoot and fruit borer
Adult Eggs of E. vitella laid on okra fruit
Shoot and fruit borerIdentification of pest:
• E. Vitella:• Egg: Sculptured egg and sky blue in
colour• Larva: Brownish with white streaks
dorsally and pale yellow ventrally• Adult: Forewing are pale with a wedge
shaped green band in the middle• E. insulana:• Larva: Brown with dorsum showing a
white median longitudinal streak• Pupa: Brown and boat shaped• Adult: Forewing are uniformly silvery
green
Bhendi fruit borer: Helicoverpa armigera
Symptoms of damage:
• Feed on the flowers• Circular boreholes on fruits• Larva thrust only part of
their body inside the fruit feed
Bhendi fruit borerIdentification of pest:
• Eggs: Are spherical in shape and creamy white in colour, laid singly
• Larva: Shows colour variation from greenish to brown
• Pupa: Brown in colour, occurs in soil, leaf, and pod
• Adult: Female brownish yellow stout moth, Male is pale greenish in colour with V shaped markings
Shoot weevil: Alcidodes affaber
Symptoms of damage:
• Grub feed on stem and galls are formed in the stem and petiole
• Adults feed on leaf buds and terminal shoots
Bore hole on shoot
Shoot weevil
Infected terminal shoot Adults feed on terminal shoots
Shoot weevilIdentification of pest:
• Grubs - creamy yellow, apodous
• Adults - dark greyish brown with pale cross bands on elytra
Egg
Shoot weevil
Grub Adult
Stem weevil: Pempherulus affinis
Symptoms of damage:
• Grub feed on stem and galls are formed in the stem and petiole
• Adults feed on leaf buds and terminal shoots
Grub feed on stem
Stem weevilIdentification of pest:
• Grubs: Creamy yellow, apodous
• Adults: Dark greyish brown with pale cross bands on elytra
Adult
Leaf roller: Sylepta derogata
Symptoms of damage:
• Caterpillar rolled the leaves• Scrapping the chlorophyll
content and feed inside• Defoliation
Rolled Leaves
Stem weevilIdentification of pest:
• Larva: Bright green (glistening) with dark head and prothoracic shield
• Adult: moth with yellow wings having brown wavy markings
Adult
Semilooper: Anomis flava
Symptoms of damage:
• Caterpillar fed on the leaves• Defoliation
Semilooper
Larva• Identification of pest:
Adult
Whitefly: Bemisia tabaci
Symptoms of damage:
• Chlorotic spots on the leaves which latter coalesce forming irregular yellowing of leaf tissue
• Severe infestation results in premature defoliation
• Development of sooty mold• Vector of yellow vein
mosaic virus
Yellowing of leaf tissue and adult
WhiteflyIdentification of pest:
• Nymph: Greenish yellow, oval in outline
• Adult: Minute insects with yellow body covered with a white waxy bloom
Jassids: Amrasca devastans
Symptoms of damage:
• Tender leaves become yellow• The margin of the leaves start
curling downwards and reddening sets in
• In the case of severe infestation leaves get a bronze which is typical “hopper burn” symptom
• The margins of the leaf get broken and crumble into pieces when crushed
• The leaves dried up and shed and growth of the crop is retarded
JassidsIdentification of pest:
• NymphAdult • Nymph: Light green,
translucent, wingless found between the veins of leaves on the under surface
• Adult: Green, wedge shaped leafhopper
Nymph/Adult
Aphid: Aphis gossypii
Symptoms of damage:
• Infesting tender shoots and under surface of the leaves.
• Curling and crinkling of leaves
• Stunted growth• Development of black sooty
mould due to the excretion of honey dew
AphidIdentification of pest:
• Nymphs: Yellowish or greenish brown found on the undersurface of leaves.
• Adults: - are greenish brown, soft bodied and small insects
Aphid Adults
Corn earworm
• Early instar cream colored or yellowish-green with few markings; later instar green, reddish, or brown with pale longitudinal stripes and scattered black spots; moderately hairy; up to 44 mm long; three pairs of legs, five pairs of prolegs eats holes in pods
Figure 1. Larva of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), light-colored or greenish form
Corn Ear worm
Figure 2. Larva of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), dark-colored or brown form.
Figure 3. Pupa of corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), in cell at ear tip.
Corn worm
• Figure 4. Adult corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie).
Japanese beetle
Identification • - Hard-bodied, shiny,
metallic green beetle with coppery brown wing covers which meet in a straight line down the center of the back; body about 13 mm long skeletonizes leaves; may also eat pods
Melon aphid -
Identification • Yellow or green in host, dry
summers; pale to dark green in cool seasons; body up to 2 mm long; cornicles slightly longer than or twice as long as cauda; nymph similar in color to adult
Figure 1. Nymphs (mixed ages) and dark form of wingless adult of melon aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover
Melon AphidFigure 2. Winged adult (black morph) melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover.
Figure 3. Winged adult (yellow morph) melon aphid, Aphis gossypiiGlover
Leaffooted bugs and Stink • bugs - Bugs up to 19 mm long;
adult green or brown and shield-shaped (stink bug, or brown with enlarged, flattened hind legs (leaffooted bug, ; stink bug nymph pale green or green with orange and black markings ; leaffooted bug nymph red ; pierce buds, pods, and seeds causing pods to be deformed and seeds to be shriveled; wart-like growths appear on pods
Bugs
Adult leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus clypealis.
Adult leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus zonatus. Note the two yellow spots on the pronotum behind the head, characteristic of this species
Bugs
Adult leaffooted bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis Eggs of leaffooted bugs, Leptoglossus sp.
• Small leaffooted bug nymph, Leptoglossus zonatus.
European Corn Borer Figure 3. Mature larva of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis(Hubner).
Figure 4. Adult male European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), pinned specimen.
Comparison between male (1) and female (2) European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner)
1. Male 2. Female
Leaf miner -
• Colorless to bright yellow maggot with black mouthparts; body up to 3 mm long; pointed head; S-shaped mines in leaves, often enlarged at one end