O;kolkf;d laxBuksa ds izdkj · O;olk; v/;;u 131 ekWM~;wy&2 O;olkf;d laxBu fVIi.kh 5.3,dy LokfeRo O;olk; xksiky LFkkuh; cktkj esa ,d fdjkus dh nqdku pykrk gSA og Fkksd cktkj ls lkeku

129O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

5

vkius fiNys ikB esa O;olk;] blds egRo vkSj bldh fØ;k;ksa ds oxhZdj.k ds fo"k; esa

i<+kA vki ;g Hkh tku x;s gksaxs fd vyx&vyx izca/ku vkSj LokfeRo okys izR;sd laxBu

esa ;g dk;Z O;fDrxr Lrj ij iwjs fd, tkrs gSaA O;olk; dk Lokeh ,d vdsyk O;fDr

Hkh gks ldrk gS vFkok dbZ O;fDr la;qDr :i ls Hkh fdlh O;olk; ds Lokeh gks ldrs

gSaA vr% LokfeRo ds vk/kkj ij O;kolkf;d bdkb;ksa ds fofHkUu izdkj gSa% ,dy LokfeRo

okyk O;olk;] lk>snkjh QeZ vFkok la;qä i¡wth dEiuhA bl ikB esa vki la;qä iwath

dEiuh ds vfrfjDr O;olk; ds vU; fofHkUu izdkjksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa] xq.kksa] lhekvksa]

mi;qärk vkSj mudh LFkkiuk ds fofHkUu pj.kksa ds fo"k; esa tkusaxsA

bl ikB dks i<+us ds ckn vki%

• O;kolkf;d bdkbZ dh vo/kkj.kk dh O;k[;k dj ldsaxs(

• ,dy LokfeRo] lk>snkjh] la;qDr fganw ifjokj O;olk; vkSj lgdkjh lfefr] vkfn

fofHkUu O;olk;ksa dk vFkZ vkSj mudh fo'ks"krk,¡ crk ldsaxs(

• bu O;kolkf;d laxBuksa ds xq.k vkSj lhekvksa dks igpku ldsaxs vkSj

• bu O;kolkf;d bdkb;ksa dh mi;qDrrk dk o.kZu dj ldsaxsA

5.1 O;kolkf;d laxBu

vki O;olk; ds vFkZ vkSj fofHkUu izdkj dh O;kolkf;d fØ;kvksa tSls mn~;ksx] O;kikj]

;krk;kr] cSa dx vkSj chek vkfn ds ckjs esa igys gh tku pqds gSaA bu fØ;kvksa dk /

;kuiwoZd v/;;u ;g Li"V djrk gS fd fdlh Hkh O;olk; dks lQyrkiwoZd pykus ds

O;kolkf;d laxBuksa ds izdkj

mn~ns';

130

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

fy, O;olk;h dks fofHkUu lalk/kuksa] tSls&Jfed] /ku] lkeku] e'khusa vkSj rduhd vkfndks ,df=kr djuk iM+rk gSA vkSj dsoy ,df=kr djuk gh dkQh ugha gS] mn~ns';ksa dh izkfIrds fy, mUgsa O;ofLFkr rjhds ls mi;ksx esa Hkh ykuk iM+rk gSA

vkb;s] ,d pkoy fey dk mnkgj.k ysaA lcls igys ekfyd dks tehu [kjhn dj mlij ,d Hkou cukuk iM+sxk] e'khusa yxkdj dke djus ds fy, Jfed yxkus iM+saxs] fQj/kku [kjhnuk iM+sxk vkSj rc /kku ls pkoy fudkydj xzkgdksa dks cspk tk,xkA bl izdkj/kku ls pkoy fudkyus ds fy, vkidks Hkwfe] Hkou] e'khusa vkSj Jfed vkfn lalk/ku tqVkusiMsa+xsA bu lalk/kuksa dks ,d O;ofLFkr rjhds ls yxkdj dk;Z :i fn;k tk,xk] rHkh pkoydk mRiknu laHko gks ik,xkA rc bls xzkgdksa dks cspdj ykHk dek;k tk ldsxkA

bl izdkj fdlh Hkh O;olk; dks pykus vkSj mlls ykHk dekus ds mn~ns'; dks iwjk djusds fy, lHkh lalk/kuksa dks tqVkuk vkSj mUgsa O;ofLFkr rjhds ls mi;ksx djuk vko';dgSA bu lHkh fØ;kvksa esa leUo; o bu ij fu;a=k.k Hkh t:jh gSA bl lkjh O;oLFkk dksO;kolkf;d laxBu ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

5.2 O;kolkf;d laxBuksa ds izdkj

fdlh O;olk; ds fo"k; esa D;k vkius dHkh lkspk gS fd fu/kkZfjr ykHk dekus ds fy,fdlus blesa iw¡th yxkbZ gksxh] lk/kuksa dks tqVkdj mUgsa O;ofLFkr o fu;af=kr fd;k gksxk\dkSu mUgsa O;ofLFkr Øe ls yxkrk gS] leUo; vkSj fu;a=k.k djrk gS\ vki viusvkl&ikl ;fn ialkjh dh nqdku ns[ksa rks ik,axs fd mldk ekfyd ,d gh O;fDr gksrkgS] ogh mls pykrk gS vkSj lkjs t:jh dke Hkh [kqn gh djrk gSA ijUrq cM+s O;olk; esa,d gh vkneh lkjs dke dj lds] ,slk laHko ugha gksrkA vr% bl izdkj ds ekeyksa esa nks;k vf/kd O;fDr feydj iw¡th tqVkrs gSa] vkSj O;olk; dk izca/k djrs gSa vkSj le>kSrs(Agreement) ds vuqlkj ykHk ck¡V ysrs gSaA bl izdkj O;kolkf;d laxBu dk Lokeh vkSjizca/kd ,d vdsyk O;fDr Hkh gks ldrk gS vkSj dqN O;fDr feydj lk>snkjh dEiuh ;kla;qDr iw¡th dEiuh Hkh cuk ldrs gSaA bl izdkj LokfeRo vkSj izca/ku dh ,slh O;oLFkk dksO;kolkf;d laxBu dk izdkj dgrs gaSA vr% Hkkjr esa ,d O;kolkf;d laxBu lkekU;r%fuEu izdkj ds gksrs gSa%

1. ,dy LokfeRo

2. lk>snkjh

3. la;qDr fganw ifjokj

4. lgdkjh lfefr

5. la;qDr iw¡th dEiuh

vkb,] vc bu O;kolkf;d laxBuksa ds izdkjksa ds ckjs esa tkusaA la;qDr iw¡th dEiuh ds ckjs

esa vxys ikB esa crk;k tk;sxkA


131O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

5.3 ,dy LokfeRo O;olk;

xksiky LFkkuh; cktkj esa ,d fdjkus dh nqdku pykrk gSA og Fkksd cktkj ls lkeku[kjhndj xzkgdksa dks mudh vko';drkuqlkj csprk gSA ,slk djds og dqN ykHk dekysrk gSA mlus nks o"kZ igys ,d yk[k #i;s iw¡th yxkdj viuk O;olk; 'kq: fd;k FkkAbl iw¡th dks mlus vius fe=k ls m/kkj fy;k FkkA vkt og viuk O;olk; lQyrkiwoZdpyk dj vPNk ykHk dek jgk gSA og lkFk&lkFk m/kkj Hkh pqdk jgk gSA mlus nqdku esadke djus ds fy, nks ukSdj Hkh j[ks gq, gSaA xksiky ds vuqlkj og ,dy LokfeRo okysO;olk; dk Lokeh gSA

D;k vki bl dFku ls lger gSa\

bl iz'u dk mÙkj nsus ls igys vkb;s] ^,dy LokfeRo* dh izÑfr ds fo"k; esa tkusaA

,dy (Sole) 'kCn ls vfHkizk; ,d ;k vdsyk vkSj LokfeRo (Ownership) dk vfHkizk;Lokeh gksus ls gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd O;olk; dk ,slk izdkj ftldk Lokeh ,d O;fä gS] mldkizca/k og vdsys djrk gS rFkk mlls ykHk izkIr djrk gS vkSj gkfu Hkh Lo;a ogu djrk gS]mls ,dy LokfeRo okyk O;olk; dgykrk gSA

xksiky Bhd ,slk gh djrk gSA vr% vki dg ldrs gaS fd xksiky ,dy LokfeRo O;olk;pykrk gS vkSj og ,dy Lokeh ;k ,dy O;kikjh ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA

vius vkl&ikl vkius ,sls O;olk; t:j ns[ksa gksaxsA D;k vc vki bl izdkj ds fofHkUuO;kolkf;d laxBuksa dh lwph cuk ldrs gSa\

1. lqizhe MªkbDyhulZ

2.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

3.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

4.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

5.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dh ifjHkk"kk

ts- ,y- gsulu ds vuqlkj& ^^,slh O;kolkf;d bdkbZ ftlesa ,d vdsyk O;fDr iw¡thtqVkus] m|e ds fy, tksf[ke mBkus vkSj O;olk; ds izca/k dh ftEesnkjh mBkrk gSA**

bl izdkj tc ,d vdsyk O;fä vf/kdkj ,oa mÙkjnkf;Ro ds lkFk fdlhO;oLkk; dk LokfeRo] izcU/ku] fu;a=k.k o tksf[ke ogu djrk gS rks O;olk; ds,sls izdkj dks ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dgrs gSaA

vc vki ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dh fo'ks"krk,¡ igpkuus dh fLFkfr esa gSaA


132

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

5.3.1 ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dh fo'ks"krk,¡

¼d½ vdsyk LokfeRo % ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dk Lokeh ,d O;fDr gh gksrk@gksrh gS

tks O;olk; 'kq: djus ds fy, Lo;a gh lHkh lalk/ku tqVkrk@tqVkrh gSA

¼[k½ LokfeRo vkSj izca/ku vyx&vyx ugha % Lokeh vius dkS'ky ,oa cqf)erk ls

O;olk; dk izca/k djrk gSA O;olk; ds dEiuh Lo:i dh rjg ,dy LokfeRo esa

izcU/ku o LokfeRo vyx&vyx ugha gksrk gSA

¼x½ de dkuwuh vkSipkfjdrk,¡ % ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dh LFkkiuk esa ,oa mls pykus

esa de dkuwuh vkSipkfjdrk dk ikyu djuk iM+rk gSA blhfy, bldh LFkkiuk cgqr

ljy gSA

¼?k½ dksbZ vyx vfLrRo ugh a % bl O;kolkf;d laxBu dk vfLrRo vius Lokeh ls

vyx ugha gksrkA O;olk; vkSj O;olk;h ,d gh gksrs gaSA O;olk;h O;olk; dh gj

ckr ds fy, ftEesnkj gksrk gSA

¼³½ ykHk&gkfu dk cVokjk ugh a % bl O;olk; dk Lokeh vdsyk gh ykHk dk vkuan

mBkrk gSA gkfu gksus dh fLFkfr esa Hkh mls vdsys gh lkjh gkfu >syuh iM+rh gSA blesa

ykHk&gkfu ds caVokjs ds fy, dksbZ nwljk ugha gksrkA og vdsyk gh tksf[+ke mBkrk

gS o ykHk dk vkaun ysrk gSA

¼p½ vlhfer ns;rk % ,dy LokfeRo dh ns;rk vlhfer gksrh gSA gkfu dh fLFkfr esa ;fn

mlds O;olk; dh laifÙk;ka ns;rkvksa ds Hkqxrku ds fy, dkQh ugha gSa rks

O;kolkf;d ns;rkvksa dk Hkqxrku mls viuh O;fäxr laifÙk;ksa esa ls Hkh djuk iM+

ldrk gSA

¼N½ ,d O;fDr dk fu;a=k.k % ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dk fu;a=k.k dsoy mlds Lokeh

ds gkFk esa gksrk gSA og viuh bPNkuqlkj O;olk; pykrk@pykrh gSA

xksiky vdsys viuk O;olk; pykdj izlUu gS D;ksafd mls blds dbZ ykHk gSaA

ysfdu mls dqN eqf'dyksa dk lkeuk Hkh djuk iM+ jgk gSA D;k vki bl O;olk;

ds ykHkksa o lhekvksa ds fo"k; esa tkurs gSa\ vkb,] tkusaA

5.3.2 ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; ds xq.k

¼d½ ljy LFkkiuk ,oa lekfIr % ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dh LFkkiuk cgqr vklku gSA

lkekU;r;k blds fy, cgqr de dkuwuh vkSipkfjdrk dks iwjk djus dh vko';drk

iM+rh gSA bl izdkj ds O;olk; dks LOkkeh tc pkgs] can dj ldrk gSA

¼[k½ 'kh?kz fu.kZ; o rst+ dk;Zokgh % tSlk fd igys dgk x;k gS] ,dy LokfeRo O;olk;

esa vU; dksbZ gLr{ksi ugha djrk gSA vr% ekfyd O;olk; laca/kh QSlys 'kh?kzrk ls

ys dj ml ij rsth ls dk;Zokgh Hkh dj ldrk gSA


133O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

¼x½ izsj.kk % ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; esa lkjk ykHk lh/ks Lokeh dks gh feyrk gS tks mls

dfBu ifjJe dj O;olk; dks vf/kd dq'kyrk ls pykus ds fy, izsfjr djrk gSaA

¼?k½ lapkyu esa yphykiu % vko';drk ds vuqlkj O;kolkf;d fØ;kdykiksa eas rqjar

ifjorZu laHko gS] D;ksafd bldks foLrkj vFkok de djus ds fy, fdlh izdkj dh

vkSipkfjdrk iwjh djuk vko';d ugha gSA

¼³½ xksiuh;rk % O;olk; dh xksiuh; lwpuk,¡ dsoy LOkkeh dks gh irk gksrh gSaA mldh

bPNk ds fcuk dksbZ vU; muds ckjs esa ugha tku ldrkA og O;olk; ds [kkrkas dks

izdkf'kr djus dks Hkh ck/; ugha gSA

¼p½ O;fDrxr lEidZ % D;kasfd Lokeh Lo;a O;olk; dh ns[kHkky djrk gS] vr% mlds

fy, xzkgdksa ,oa vius deZpkfj;ksa ls lh/kk vPNk laidZ cukuk ljy gksrk gSA xzkgdksa

dh t:jrkas vkSj LoHkko dks tkudj og vius O;olk; ds rn~uqlkj ifjorZu djrk

jgrk gSA lkekU;r% deZpkjh Hkh de gksrs gSa vkSj O;olk; lh/kk ekfyd ds v/khu gksus

ds dkj.k muls Hkh lkSgknZiw.kZ laca/k cukdj O;olk; lqxerk ls pyk;k tkrk gSA

,dy LokfeRo O;kolkf;d laxBu ds xq.kksa dks tkuus ds ckn] vkb;s] mldh lhekvksa dh

ckr djsaA

5.3.3 ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dh lhek,¡

¼d½ lhfer lalk/ku % ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; ds lalk/ku lnSo lhfer gksrs gSaA vdsys

Lokeh ds fy, i;kZIr ek=kk eas iwath o lalk/ku ,df=kr djuk lnSo laHko ugha gks

ikrkA vius nksLrksa] fj'rsnkjksa vkSj cSad ls m/kkj@dtZ ysus esa Hkh mldh viuh

ijs'kkfu;ka gksrh gSaA vr% vdsys Lokeh dh vius O;kikj ds fy, iw¡th tqVkus dh {kerk

lhfer gksrh gSA

¼[k½ fujarjrk dh deh % bl O;olk; dh fujarjrk ekfyd ds thou o LokLF; ij fuHkZj

djrh gSA mldh chekjh] e`R;q ;k fnokfy;kiu tSlh fdlh Hkh ifjfLFkfr esa O;olk;

lekIr gks tkrk gSA vr% O;olk; dh fujarjrk vfuf'pr gksrh gSA

¼x½ vlhfer ns;rk % vkius igys i<+k gS fd bl izdkj ds O;olk; esa Lokeh vkSj

O;olk; dk vfLrRo vyx ugha gksrk gSA dkuwu dh utj esa ,dy Lokeh vkSj mldk

O;olk; ,d gh gSA blfy, O;kolkf;d nsunkfj;ksa ds Hkqxrku ds fy, Lokeh dh

futh laifÙk;ksa dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA

¼?k½ cM+s Lrj ds O;kolkf;d fØ;kdykiksa ds fy, vuqi;qä % pwafd ,dy LokfeRo

O;olk; esa lalk/ku vkSj izc/kau {kerk lhfer gksrh gS] vr% ;g cM+s Lrj ds

O;kolkf;d fØ;kdykiksa ds lapkyu ds fy, mi;qDr ugha gSA


134

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

¼³½ lhfer izca/ku fo'ks"kKrk % ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; esa lnSo izcU/k dq'kyrk dk vHkko

eglwl fd;k tkrk gSA ,d vdsyk O;fDr lHkh {ks=kksa tSls eky dk Ø;] foØ; vkSj

foÙk vkfn {ks=kksa dk fo'ks"kK ugha gks ldrk gSA ysfdu O;olk; ds lhfer lalk/kuksa

vkSj NksVs vkdkj ds dkj.k bl izdkj ds laxBuksa ds fy, dq'ky izca/kdksa dh lsok,a

ysuk Hkh laHko ugha gks ikrk gSA

vc vkidks xksiky ds O;olk; ds xq.kksa vkSj mldh lhekvksa ds fo"k; esa tkudkjh

gks xbZ gksxhA ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dk ,slk gh vU; mnkgj.k vki vius {ks=k

ls ys ldrs gSaA blds fØ;k dykiksa dh tk¡p dhft, vkSj ;g tkuus dk iz;kl

dhft, fd Åij fopkj fd;s x;s fcanq ml ij ykxw gksrs gSa vFkok ughaA iqLrdksa

ds Kku dk thou esa iz;ksx ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; ds rF;ksa dks lgh rjhds ls

le>us vkSj ;kn j[kus esa fuf'pr :i ls vkidh enn djsxkA

5.3.4 ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dh mi;qDrrk

vkius ,dy LokfeRo O;kolkf;d bdkbZ ds vFkZ] fo'ks"krk,¡ vkSj mlds xq.kksa ds fo"k; esa

i<+kA foLr`r v/;;u ds ckn vc vkids fy, mu {ks=kksa dh igpku vklku gks tk,xh

ftuesa ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dh LFkkiuk djuk gh mi;qDr gksrk gSA

vkidh enn ds fy, crk nsa fd ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; ,sls {ks=kksa esa mi;qDr gksxk tgka

lhfer LFkkuh; cktkj ds xzkgd ds fy, O;fäxr laidZ dh mi;ksfxrk gksA lkFk gh ,sls

{ks=k esa Hkh tgka de iw¡th dh vko'drk gks rFkk tksf[ke Hkh de gks] ,dy LokfeRo mi;qDr

gksrk gSA

,sls O;olk; tgka gLrdkS'ky dk iz;ksx dj oLrqvksa dk mRiknu gksrk gS] tSls& gLrf'kYi]

t+jh dk dke] vkHkw"k.k cukus] diM+s flyus ¼nthZfxjh½ o ukbZ vkfn ds O;olk;ksa ds fy,

,dy LokfeRo mi;qä ekuk tkrk gSA

vius {ks=k ds vkl&ikl ?kwesa vkSj ,dy LokfeRo okys O;olk;ksa dh lwph cukb;sA

mUgsa Åij crk, x;s fcanqvksa ds vuqlkj oxhZÑr dhft,A

1. ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dks vius 'kCnksa esa ifjHkkf"kr dhft,%

2. uhps ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; ds xq.k ,oa lhek,¡ nh x;h gSaA lkeus fn;s x;s fjDr

LFkku esa xq.k ds lkeus ^x* rFkk lhek ds lkeus ^l* fyf[k;sA

¼d½ ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dh LFkkiuk ljy gSA

ikBxr iz'u 5.1


135O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

¼[k½ ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; esa Lokeh O;fDrxr :i ls O;kolkf;d nsunkfj;ksa dsfy, ftEesnkj gksrk gSA

¼x½ ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; esa Lokeh dh vius O;olk; gsrq /ku tqVkus dh {kerklhfer gksrh gSA

¼?k½ ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; esa O;olk; dh xksiuh;rk dks cuk;s j[kk tk ldrk gSA

¼³½ ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; esa Lokeh xzkgdksa ls O;fäxr laca/k cuk ldrk gSA

3. ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, fuEufyf[kr ds tksM+s cukb;sA

LraHk ¼d½ LraHk ¼[k½

¼d½ ns;rk ¼i½ vklku

¼[k½ LFkkiuk ¼ii½ U;wure

¼x½ lalk/ku ¼iii½ rRdky

¼?k½ fu.kZ; ysuk ¼iv½ vlhfer

¼³½ dkuwuh vkSipkfjdrk ¼v½ lhfer

5.4 lk>snkjh O;olk;

xksiky tgk¡ viuk O;olk; djrk gS ogha ,d diM+k QSDVjh 'kq: gksus tk jgh gSA,d O;olk;h ds :i esa og mRlkg ls Hkjk gSA og lksp jgk gS fd cl ,d ckjQSDVjh yx tk,] mls vkSj xzkgd feysaxs vkSj mldk ykHk vkSj c<+sxkA ysfdu bllcds fy, mls viuk O;olk; QSykuk iM+sxk vkSj mlds fy, mls vf/kd /kupkfg,A

bl vfrfjDr /ku dh O;oLFkk dSls gks] ;g ,d cM+h leL;k gSA ,d fodYi gSfd og cSad ls /ku m/kkj ys ldrk gSA ysfdu gkfu ds Mj ls og m/kkj ysus ls?kcjk jgk gSA ,d nwljk fodYi fdlh vU; O;fä dks vius O;kikj esa lfEefyrdjuk Hkh gks ldrk gSA ,slk djus ls vf/kd lalk/ku rks tqVsaxs gh] dke esa lgk;rkds fy, ,d vU; O;fä Hkh miyC/k gksxkA vr% O;olk; lqpk# :i ls pyk;ktk ldsxkA gkfu dk tksf[ke Hkh caV tk;sxkA ysfdu ,slk djus ij mldsO;olk; dk izdkj cny dj lk>snkjh gks tk,xkA bl u;s izdkj ds O;olk; dks'kq: djus ls igys xksiky blds ykHk o gkfu;ka] bldh izdfr vkfn ds fo"k; esaLi"V tkudkjh izkIr djuk pkgrk gSA

^lk>snkjh* mu nks ;k vf/kd O;fDr;ksa dh ,d ,slh laLFkk gS] ftUgkasus ykHk ds caVokjs gsrqO;olk; pykus ds fy, vius foÙkh; o izcU/kdh; lk/kuksa dks ,df=kr fd;k gSA tks yksxlk>snkjh djrs gSa] os O;fäxr :i ls lk>snkj dgykrs gSa rFkk lfEefyr :i esa ,slh

lk>snkjh dks ,d QeZ vFkok lk>snkjh QeZ dk uke fn;k tkrk gSA


136

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

ekuk fd xksiky us jghe ls gkFk feyk;k vkSj fdjkus dh ,d cM+h nqdku [kksy yhA vc

xksiky vkSj jghe vkil esa lk>snkj gks x, gSaA os nksuksa viuk /ku ,d=k djsaxs vkSj vius

dkS'ky ds vk/kkj ij O;olk; dks vkxs c<+k;saxsA os lgefr dh 'krks± ds vuqikr ls viuk

ykHk vkSj gkfu ckaVsaxsA okLro esa mUgsa vius dke ds fu;e ,oa 'krks± vkSj lHkh igyqvksa ij

,d lkFk cSBdj fu.kZ; djuk gksxkA muds chp esa ,d le>kSrk gksuk pkfg,A ;g le>kSrk

ekSf[kd] fyf[kr vFkok xfHkZr Hkh gks ldrk gSA tc ;g le>kSrk fyf[kr gksrk gS rks ;g

lk>snkjh foys[k (Partnership Deed) dgykrk gSA ijarq le>kSrk u gksus ij Hkkjrh;

lk>snkjh vf/kfu;e 1932 dh fofHkUu /kkjk,¡ ykxw gksaxhA

Hkkjr esa lk>snkjh O;olk; Hkkjrh; lk>snkjh vf/kfu;e 1932 ds }kjk 'kkflr gksrk gS

ftlds vuqlkj lk>snkjh ^mu O;fDr;ksa ds chp laca/k gS tks fdlh ,sls O;olk; dk ykHk

ckaVus ds fy, lger gksrs gSa] tks mu lcds }kjk ;k mu lcdh vksj ls fdlh ,d ds }kjk

lapkfyr fd;k tkrk gSA**

5.4.1 lk>snkjh dh fo'ks"krk,¡

mi;qZDr ifjHkk"kk ds vuqlkj lk>snkjh dh fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"krk,¡ gSa%

¼d½ nks ;k vf/kd O;fDr % lk>snkjh QeZ ds fy, de ls de nks O;fDr;ksa dh

vko';drk gksrh gSA cSafdax O;olk; ds fy, vf/kdre 10 rFkk vU; O;olk; ds

fy, vf/kdre 20 O;fDr feydj lk>snkjh QeZ cuk ldrs gSaSA ;fn O;fä;ksa dh

la[;k vf/kdre lhek ls vf/kd gks tk,xh rks ;g xSj dkuwuh gks tk,xh vkSj

lk>snkjh ugha dgyk,xhA

¼[k½ vuqcU/kkRed laca/k % lk>snkjh dh LFkkiuk mu O;fä;ksa ds vkilh le>kSrs ls gksrh

gS tks bdV~Bs dke djuk pkgrs gSaA lk>snkjh muesa ,d le>kSrk ds }kjk gksrh gSA

blfy, ,sls O;fDr;ksa dks vuqcU/k djus ;ksX; gksuk pkfg,A vo;Ld] ikxy vkSj

fnokfy;s O;fDr lk>snkjh ds ;ksX; ugha ekus tkrs] ijUrq dqN fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa

vo;Ld dks ykHk esa fgLlsnkjh ds fy, lk>snkj ekuk tk ldrk gS vFkkZr og gkfu

dk tksf[ke mBk;s fcuk ykHk esa fgLlsnkjh izkIr dj ldrk gSA

¼x½ O;olk; ds ykHkksa dk caVokjk % lk>snkjh QeZ ds ykHk ,oa gkfu ds c¡Vokjs ds fy,

lk>snkjksa esa ,d le>kSrk gksuk t:jh gSA ;fn nks ;k vf/kd O;fDr la;qDr :i ls

fdlh lEifÙk ls izkIr vkenuh dks ckaVrs gSa rks bls Hkh lk>snkjh ugha dgrsA

¼?k½ oS/k O;olk; dk vfLrRo % ftl O;olk; ds ykHk dks ckaVus ds fy, O;fDr lger

gq, gaS] og oS/k gksuk pkfg,A rLdjh] dkykctkjh vkfn fdlh vlaoS/kkfud dk;Z ds

ykHkksa dks ckaVus dk le>kSrk] dkuwu dh utj esa lk>snkjh ugha dgyk,xkA


137O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

¼³½ ,tsUlh laca/k % lk>snkjksa ds chp eas ,tsUlh laca/k gksus pkfg,A izR;sd lk>snkj izèkku

gSa rFkk lkFk gh QeZ dk ,tsaV Hkh gSA tc ,d lk>snkj xzkgdksa ls O;kikfjd ysu&nsu

djrk gS rks og ,d ,tsUV ds :i esa dk;Z djrk gSA ogha nwljs lk>snkj iz/kku ds

:i esa gksrs gSaA

¼p½ vlhfer ns;rk % QeZ ds lHkh lk>snkjksa dh ns;rk vlhfer gksrh gSA os la;qDr :i

ls vFkok O;fDrxr :i ls QeZ dh ns;rkvksa ds fy, ftEesnkj gksrs gSaA ;fn QeZ dh

ifjlEifÙk mldh ns;rkvksa dk Hkqxrku djus ds fy, vi;kZIr gS rks lk>snkjksa dh

O;fDrxr lEifÙk dk mi;ksx Hkqxrku ds fy, fd;k tk ldrk gSA

¼N½ LoSfPNd iathdj.k % lk>snkjh QeZ dk iathdj.k djkuk vko';d ugha gS ysfdu

,d xSj iathÑr QeZ dks dqN ijs'kkfu;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ ldrk gSA vr% QeZ

dk iathdj.k ijks{k :i ls vko';d gks tkrk gSA xSj iathd`r QeZ dks fuEu lhekvksa

dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS%

¼i½ QeZ ckgjh O;fDr ij eqdnek ugha dj ldrh tcfd og QeZ ij eqdnek dj

ldrk gSA

¼ii½ lk>snkjksa ds chp fookn ds ekeys esa fookn dks U;k;ky; }kjk ugha fuiVk;k tk

ldrk gSA

¼iii½ QeZ fdlh vU; i{k ls ns; ;k izkIr jkf'k ds fy, nkok ugha dj ldrhA

5.4.2 lk>snkjh O;olk; ds ykHk

¼d½ LFkkiuk esa lqxerk % ,d lk>snkjh QeZ dks vusd dkuwuh vkSipkfjdrkvksa ds fcuk

cuk;k tk ldrk gSA bls iathÑr djokus dh ck/;rk Hkh ugha gSA ,d le>kSrk tks

fyf[kr] ekSf[kd ;k xfHkZr gksrk gS] bldh LFkkiuk ds fy, i;kZIr gSA

¼[k½ vf/kd lalk/kuksa dh miyfC/k % pw¡fd bls pykus ds fy, nks ;k vf/kd O;fDr gksrs

gSa vr% ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; dh rqyuk esa lk>snkjh O;olk; esa vf/kd lalk/ku

,d=k gksus dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA

¼x½ csgrj fu.kZ; % lk>snkjh QeZ ds izca/ku ds fy, izR;sd lk>snkj dks fu.kZ; ysus dk

iwjk&iwjk vf/kdkj gksrk gSA cM+s fu.kZ; lHkh lk>snkjksa dh lykg ls fy, tkrs gSaA

blfy, lkewfgd Kku ds izHkko ds dkj.k fu.kZ;ksa esa ykijokgh dh laHkkouk de gksrh

gSA

¼?k½ yphykiu % lk>snkjh O;olk; esa yphykiu Hkh gksrk gSSA dksbZ Hkh lk>snkj vU;

lk>snkjksa dh vkilh lgefr ls bldh izÑfr] vkdkj] dk;Z{ks=k bR;kfn esa ifjorZu

dj ldrk gSA


138

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

¼³½ tksf[ke dk caVokjk % le>kSrs ds vuqlkj lHkh lk>snkj] O;olk; esa vk;s tksf[ke

dks ijLij ogu djrs gSaA

¼p½ xgu :fp % pwafd lk>snkj O;olk; ds gkfu ;k ykHk dks vkil esa ckaVrs gSa] vr% os

O;olk; ds fØ;kdykiksa esa cM+h #fp ysrs gSaA

¼N½ fof'k"Vrk dk ykHk % lHkh lk>snkj vius fof'k"V Kku ds vuqlkj O;olk; ds

fØ;kdykiksa eas lfØ; Hkkx ysrs gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] U;kf;d ekeys esa lykg nsus okyh

lk>snkjh QeZ dk ,d lk>snkj nhokuh eqdneksa dk] nwljk vkijkf/kd ekeyksa dk]

rhlkjk Je dkuwuksa dk fo'ks"kK gks ldrk gS vkSj os vius&vius {ks=kksa ls lacaf/kr

ekeyksa esa lykg ns ldrs gSaA Bhd blh izdkj nks vyx&vyx jksxksa ds fo'ks"kK

MkWDVj feydj lk>snkjh esa ,d fDyfud pyk ldrs gSaA

¼t½ fgrksa dh j{kk % lk>snkjh O;olk; esa izR;sd lk>snkj ds vf/kdkj ,oa fgr iwjh rjg

lqjf{kr jgrs gaSA ;fn ,d lk>snkj fdlh Hkh QSlys ls vlarq"V gS rks og u dsoy

fu.kZ; cnyus dks dg ldrk gS cfYd lk>snkjh dk foy;u Hkh djk ldrk gS] ;k

QeZ ls Lo;a dks vyx dj ldrk gSA

¼>½ xksiuh;rk % lk>snkjh QeZ dh O;kolkf;d xksiuh;rk dsoy lk>snkjksa ds ikl gh

gksrh gSA ckgjh O;fDr ds lkeus jkt [kksyus dh t:jr ugha gksrhA QeZ dks okf"kZd

ys[kk&tks[kk izdkf'kr djus dh Hkh ck/;rk ugha gksrhA

lk>snkjh O;olk; dh izÑfr vkSj mlds xq.k tkudj vc xksiky us r; dj fy;k

gS fd og lk>snkjh O;olk; vkjaHk dj vius O;olk; dks c<+k,xkA og ,d fnu

jghe ls feykA ¼jghe Hkh mlh dkyksuh esa fdjkuk dh nqdku pykrk gS½ xksiky

us mlls viuh ;kstuk] lk>snkjh O;olk; ds xq.k vkSj mldh fo'ks"krk,a crkb±

mlus xksiky dh ckr /;ku ls lquh vkSj lk>snkjh dh lhek,a iwNhaA xksiky mldh

lhekvksa ds ckjs esa ugha tkurk FkkA vkb;s] vc ge lk>snkjh O;olk; dh lhekvksa

ds ckjs esa tkusA

5.4.3 lk>snkjh O;olk; dh lhek,¡

lk>snkjh O;olk; dh dqN lhek,a Hkh gaS tks fuEufyf[kr gSa%&

¼d½ vlhfer ns;rk % lk>snkjh O;olk; dh lcls cM+h deh lk>snkjksa dh vlhfer

ns;rk gSA vFkkZr lHkh lk>snkj] QeZ ds dtZ vkSj ns;rkvksa ds fy, O;fDrxr ,oa

lkewfgd :i ls ftEesnkj gksrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa QeZ dh ns;rkvksa dk Hkqxrku mudh

futh lEifÙk ls Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA


139O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

¼[k½ vfuf'pr dk;Zdky % izR;sd lk>snkjh dk dk;Zdky vfuf'pr gksrk gSA fdlh Hkhlk>snkj dh e`R;q] fnokfy;kiu] ikxy vFkok lsok fuo`fÙk ls QeZ can gks ldrh gSAbruk gh ugha] cfYd dksbZ Hkh lk>snkj fdlh Hkh le; QeZ ls viuh lk>snkjh dkslekIr djus ds fy, viuh bPNk O;Dr dj ldrk gSA

¼x½ lhfer iw¡th % pwafd lk>snkjksa dh la[;k 20 ls Åij ugha gks ldrh blfy, la;qäiwath dEiuh dh rqyuk eas lk>snkjksa dh lfEefyr :i ls iw¡th ,df=kr djus dh{kerk lhfer gh gksrh gSA

¼?k½ vgLrkarj.kh; fgLlk % lk>snkjh QeZ ds lk>snkj vius fgLls dks fdlh nwljslk>snkj ;k vU; ckgjh O;fDr dks LosPNk ls gLrkarfjr ugha dj ldrsA vr% mulk>snkjksa ds fy, ;g vlqfo/kktud gksrk gS tks viuk fgLlk fdlh vU; dks va'kr%vFkok iw.kZr% gLrkarfjr djuk pkgrs gSaA ;fn og ,slk djuk pkgrs gSa rks QeZ dkfo?kVu gh vafre fodYi gSA

¼³½ vkilh erHksn dh laHkkouk % lk>snkjh QeZ ds izca/ku esa izR;sd lk>snkj dk cjkcjdk vf/kdkj gksrk gSA izR;sd lk>snkj izca/ku ds fdlh Hkh ekeyksa esa vius fopkj dHkhHkh j[k ldrk gSA blds dkj.k dHkh&dHkh lk>snkjksa esa erHksn vkSj fookn gks tkrkgS vkSj ;g erHksn >xM+s dk :i ys ysrk gS ftlds dkj.k QeZ ds fo?kVu dh laHkkouk c<+tkrh gSA

5.4.4 lk>snkjksa rFkk lk>snkjh ds izdkj

lk>snkjksa ds izdkj

vc rd vki tku pqds gSa fd lkekU;r% lk>snkjh QeZ esa izR;sd lk>snkj QeZ esa iw¡th ds;ksxnku ds lkFk lfØ;rk ls izca/ku o fnu izfrfnu ds fØ;kdykiksa esa Hkkx ysrk gS rFkkfuf'pr vuqikr esa ykHk ,oa gkfu dk Hkkxhnkj curk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa lHkh lk>snkjksa dkslfØ; lk>snkj gksuk iM+rk gSA ysfdu dqN lk>snkj fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr esa lhfer Hkwfedk HkhfuHkk ldrs gSaA os dsoy iw¡th esa ;ksxnku nsrs gSa blfy, mUgsa lfØ; lk>snkj ugha dgktk ldrk gSA mlh izdkj dqN lk>snkj dsoy viuk uke ns nsrs gSa ijUrq fdlh vU; izdkjdk dksbZ ;ksxnku ugha djrs gSaA ,sls O;fDr dsoy uke ds lk>snkj gksrs gaSA bl izdkjlk>snkjh ds foLrkj] ykHk ds caVokjs vkSj ns;rk vkfn ds vk/kkj ij lk>snkjksa dksfuEufyf[kr oxks± esa foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

¼d½ lk>snkjh esa Hkkxhnkjh ds vk/kkj ij % lk>snkjh O;olk; ds fnu&izfrfnu ds izcaèkuesa lgHkkfxrk ds vk/kkj ij lk>snkjksa dks lfØ; lk>snkj vkSj fuf"Ø; lk>snkjksa dsoxks± esa ckaVk tk ldrk gSA tks lk>snkj QeZ ds lapkyu esa lfØ;rk ls Hkkx ysrs gSa]lfØ; lk>snkj ;k deZ'khy lk>snkj dgykrs gaS rFkk lfØ; :i ls Hkkx u ysus okyslk>snkj fuf"Ø; lk>snkj ;k lqIr lk>snkj dgykrs gSaA ,sls lk>snkj dsoy iw¡th]ykHk vkSj gkfu esa gh Hkkxhnkj gksrs gaSA


140

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

¼[k½ ykHk esa fgLlsnkjh ds vk/kkj ij % ykHk ds fgLlsnkjh ds vk/kkj ij lk>snkjksa dks

dsoy ^uke ek=k ds lk>snkj** rFkk dsoy ^ykHk ds fy, lk>snkj** esa foHkkftr fd;k

tk ldrk gSA uke ek=k ds fy, lk>snkj QeZ dks viuk uke lk>snkj dh Hkkafr iz;ksx

djus dh vuqefr nsrs gSaA os u rks iw¡th fuos'k djrs gaS vkSj u gh QeZ ds fnu izfrfnu

ds lapkyu esa dksbZ ;ksxnku djrs gSaA os QeZ ds ykHk esa Hkh fgLlk ysus ds Hkh gdnkj

ugha gksrs tcfd mUgsa QeZ ds lHkh ekeykas esa rhljk i{k ekuk tkrk gSSA ,slk lk>snkj

tks dsoy QeZ ds ykHkksa dks gh ckaVus ds fy, QeZ esa 'kkfey gks rFkk mldh gkfu;ksa

esa dksbZ ftEesnkjh u gks] og dsoy ^ykHk ds fy, lk>snkj* dgykrk gSA ;g dsoy

vo;Ldksa ij gh ykxw gksrk gS ftudk QeZ eas izos'k dsoy ykHk ikus ds fy, gksrk gS

vkSj ns;rk dsoy iw¡th ds ;ksxnku rd gh lhfer gksrk gSA

¼x½ ns;rk ds vk/kkj ij % ns;rk ds vk/kkj ij lk>snkjksa dks lkekU; lk>snkj rFkk

lhfer lk>snkj dgk tk ldrk gSA lhfer lk>snkjksa dh ns;rk muds iw¡th fuos'k ds

vk/kkj ij fu/kkZfjr gksrh gSA bl izdkj ds lk>snkj ;wjksi ds dqN ns'kksa vkSj la;qDr

jkT; vesfjdk esa ik;s tkrs gSaA ysfdu Hkkjr esa lk>snkjksa dk ;g izdkj Lohdr ugha

gSA lhfer lk>snkjh ,DV Hkkjrh; laln esa fopkj/khu gSA vlhfer nkf;Ro okys

lk>snkj eq[; lk>snkj dgykrs gSaA ;g /;ku nsus okyh ckr gS fd tks lhfer

lk>snkj ugha gSa ogh eq[; lk>snkj gSaA

¼?k½ O;ogkj vFkok vkpj.k ds vk/kkj ij % mijksDr lk>snkjksa ds izdkjksa ds vfrfjDr

lk>snkjksa ds fuEu nks izdkj gksrs gSa % ¼d½ focaf/kr lk>snkj (Partner by Estoppel)

¼[k½ O;ogkj }kjk lk>snkj (Partner by Holding out)A ,sls lk>snkj tks bl izdkj

ls O;ogkj djrs gSa fd yksx mUgsa QeZ dk lk>snkj le>sa] focaf/kr lk>snkj dgykrs

gaSA ,sls lk>snkj QeZ ls izkIr ykHk ds caVokjs ds gdnkj ugha gksrs ijUrq muds fdlh

>wBs dFku ;k izn'kZu }kjk QeZ dks gqbZ gkfu ds fy, og iw.kZ :i ls ftEesnkj gSaA

lk>snkj

lk>snkjh ds foLrkj ds vk/kkj ij

ykHk esa fgLlsnkjh ds vk/kkj ij

ns;rk ds vk/kkj ij

O;ogkj dh izÑfr ds vk/kkj ij

♦ lfØ; fgLlsnkj♦ fuf"Ø; lk>snkj

♦ uke ek=k ds Lkk>snkj♦ ykHk esa lk>snkj

♦ lhfer lk>snkj♦ lkekU; lk>snkj

♦ focaf/kr lk>snkj♦ O;ogkj }kjk lk>snkj


141O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

blh izdkj ;fn dksbZ lk>snkjh QeZ fdlh O;fä dks viuk Lkk>snkj ?kksf"kr djrh gSvkSj lac) O;fä bl ij viuh vlgefr ?kksf"kr ugha djrk rks ,slk O;fDr O;ogkj}kjk Lkk>snkj (Partner by Holding out) dgykrk gSA ,slk lk>snkj ykHk dk gdnkjugha gksrk ijUrq ns;rkvksa ds fy, vo'; ftEesnkj gksrk gSA

lk>snkjh ds izdkj

lk>snkjh dks fuEu Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gS &

1. lk/kkj.k ,oa lhfer lk>snkjh % lk/kkj.k lk>snkjh esa lk>snkjksa dk nkf;Ro vlhfergksrk gS] tcfd lhfer lk>snkjh esa nks izdkj ds lk>snkj gksrs gaS % lk/kkj.k lk>snkjvkSj fof'k"V lk>snkjA lk/kkj.k lk>snkj dk nkf;Ro vlhfer gksrk gS] tcfd fof'k"Vlk>snkj dk lhferA lhfer lk>snkjh esa de ls de ,d lk>snkj dk lk/kkj.klk>snkj gksuk vko';d gSA

2. ,fPNd lk>snkjh ,oa fo'ks"k lk>snkjh % ,fPNd lk>snkjh dk xBu O;olk; dksvfuf'pr vof/k rd pykus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gS] tcfd fo'ks"k lk>snkjh fo'ks"kmís'; ds fy, cukbZ tkrh gS rFkk iwoZ fu/kkZfjr mís'; dh izkfIr ds i'pkr bldklekiu gks tkrk gSA

3. dkuwuh ,oa xSj dkuwuh lk>snkjh % ;|fi lk>snkjh dks vfLrRo esa ykus ds fy,lk>snkjh dk Hkkjrh; lk>snkjh vf/kfu;e 1932 ds varxZr iath;u vko';d ughagS rFkkfi lk>snkjh laxBuksa dks bl vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj gh dk;Z djuk gksrk gS] tkslk>snkjh QeZ vf/kfu;e ds izko/kkuksa ds vuq:i dk;Z djrh gS og dkuwuh ekuh tkrhgSa vkSj oS/kkfud lk>snkjh dgykrh gSA

blds foijhr fuEu fLFkfr;ksa esa lk>snkjh xSj dkuwuh ,oa xSj oS/kkfud cu tkrh gS %

d½ ;fn lk>snkjh dh LFkkiuk dk mís'; xSj dkuwuh gSA

[k½ ;fn lk>snkjh dk O;olk; tu uhfr fojks/kh gSA

x½ ;fn lk>snkjksa dh la[;k ,d jg tkrh gS vFkok vf/kdre la[;k ls vf/kd gkstkrh gSA

?k½ ;fn dksbZ lk>snkj nq'eu ns'k dk ukxfjd gSA

jkgqy] xksiky dk ?kfu"V fe=k gSA og xksiky dh nqdku ij ?kaVksa cSBk jgrk gSAxksiky dh vuqifLFkfr esa og xzkgdksa vkSj vkiwfrZdrkZvksa (Suppliers) ls ysu&nsuHkh djrk gSA ;g ekudj fd jkgqy] xksiky dk lk>snkj gS ¼tcfd og lk>snkjugha gS½] ,d vkiwfrZdrkZ us jkgqy ds lkFk ,d lkSnk r; fd;k] ijUrq og xksikydks eatwj ugha FkkA blls vkiwfrZdrkZ dks ?kkVk mBkuk iM+kA D;k og ?kkVs ds fy,

jkgqy ij nkok dj ldrk gS\ jkgqy fdl izdkj dk lk>snkj gS\


142

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

5.4.5 lk>snkjh QeZ dh mi;qDrrk

ge igys gh tku pqds gaS fd fHkUu&fHkUu ;ksX;rk] dkS'ky vkSj vuqHko okys O;fDr viuk

O;olk; pykus ds fy, lk>snkjh QeZ cuk ldrs gaSA lk>snkjh esa fuekZ.k lca/kh] dkuwuh

lsokvksa vkSj fpfdRlk lsokvksa tSls O;olk; lQyrkiwoZd pyk;s tk ldrs gSaA e/;e Lrj

ij iw¡th dh vko';drk okys O;olk;ksa ds fy, lk>snkjh mi;qä gSA bl izdkj ds

O;olk; tSls Fkksd O;kikj] O;kolkf;d lsok,¡] O;kikfjd dsUnz] y?kq mn~;ksx vkfn Hkh

lk>snkjh QeZ ds vUrxZr lQyrkiwoZd pyk, tk ldrs gSaA

5.4.6 lk>snkjh lays[k

O;olk; dks pykus] ykHk dks ckaVus rFkk gkfu dks ogu djus ds fy, lk>snkjksa ds chp esa

,d le>kSrk (Agreement) gksuk pkfg,A ;g le>kSrk fyf[kr :i esa gksuk pkfg, vkSj

lHkh lk>snkjksa }kjk gLrk{kfjr gksuk pkfg,A le>kSrk] ftls lk>snkjh&i=k Hkh dgrs gSa] esa

fuEufyf[kr ckrsa gksuh pkfg,¡%&

¼i½ QeZ dk uke

¼ii½ O;olk; dh izÑfr

¼iii½ lk>snkjksa ds uke vkSj irs

¼iv½ O;olk; ds LFkku dk fooj.k

¼v½ ;fn r; gks rks lk>snkjh dh le; lhek

¼vi½ izR;sd lk>snkj }kjk iw¡th esa ;ksxnku

¼vii½ ykHk&gkfu vuqikr

¼viii½ lk>snkjksa ds drZO;] vf/kdkj vkSj nkf;Ro

¼ix½ lk>snkjksa dk osru vkSj vkgj.k (Withdrawal)

¼x½ [kkrksa dk ys[kkadu vkSj mudk ys[kk&ijh{k.k (Auditing)

¼xi½ QeZ ds fo?kVu dk rjhdk

¼xii½ fookn fuiVkus dk rjhdk

lk>snkjksa dks] viuh QeZ dks] lcaf/kr jkT; esa Qeks± ds jftLVªkj ds ikl iathÑr djkuk

pkfg,A ;|fi iathdj.k dh ck/;rk ugha gS ijUrq iathdj.k u djokus ds nq"ifj.kkeksa ls

cpus ds fy, QeZ cukrs le; ;k fdlh Hkh vU; le; iathdj.k djk ysuk gh vPNk gSA

QeZ dk iathdj.k fuEu izdkj ls djok;k tk ldrk gS %


143O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

¼i½ iathdj.k ds fy, fuf'pr QkWeZ Hkjdj lcaf/kr jkT; ds QeZ jftLVªkj dks vkosnu

djuk pkfg,A

¼ii½ QkWeZ dks iwjk o Bhd ls Hkjuk rFkk ml ij lHkh lk>snkjksa dks gLrk{kj djuk pkfg,A

¼iii½ iw.kZr% Hkjs gq, vkosnu&i=k (Form) ds lkFk vko';d iathdj.k 'kqYd jftLVªkj ds

dk;kZy; esa tek djuk pkfg,A

¼iv½ rRi'pkr jftLVªkj vkosnu i=k dh tkap djsxk vkSj larq"V gksus ij] fd iathdj.k

ls lcaf/kr lHkh vkSipkfjdrk,¡ iwjh dh x;h gSa] QeZ dk uke vius jftLVj ¼iaftdk½

esa fy[ksxk vkSj QeZ ds uke iathdj.k izek.k&i=k tkjh dj nsxkA

xksiky o jghe lkFk feydj ,d lk>snkjh QeZ pyk jgs gaSA O;olk; dks

lQyrkiwoZd pykdj vPNk ykHk dek jgs gSaA

xksiky ds firk Hkh mlh bykds esa Fkksd O;olk; pykrs gSaA ;g O;olk; igys

mlds nknkth laHkkyrs FksA ,d fnu mls vius firkth ls irk pyk fd og

¼xksiky½] mldk NksVk HkkbZ o cgu ml O;olk; esa cjkcj ds lk>snkj gSaA ;g

ifjokj dk O;olk; gS vkSj xksiky vius ifjokj ds O;olk; esa vius va'k dks fcuk

[kks, Hkh viuk lk>snkjh O;olk; pyk ldrk gSA bl lwpuk us xksiky dks my>u

essa Mky fn;k ij mlds firkth us mls le>k;k fd mudk ikfjokfjd O;olk;

fganw vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj] la;qDr fganw ifjokj O;olk; gSA vkb;s] ^la;qDr fganw

ifjokj O;olk;* ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls tkusaA

1. lk>snkjh QeZ ds lanHkZ esa vo;Ld dh fLFkfr crkb,A

2. fuEufyf[kr dFku lk>snkjh QeZ dks cukus ls lcaf/kr gSaA ;fn ;s xyr gksa rks bUgsa

Bhd djds iqu% fyf[k;sA

¼d½ cSafdax O;olk; dks ^lk>snkjh* esa pykus ds fy, vf/kdre 20 lk>snkj gksus

pkfg,A

¼[k½ lk>snkjh foys[k ekSf[kd ;k fyf[kr gks ldrk gSA

¼x½ lk>snkjksa esa fu;ksDrk&deZpkjh dk laca/k gksrk gSA

¼?k½ lk>snkjh QeZ esa gjh vkSj e/kq] izR;sd us 10,000 #i;s dk va'knku fd;k gSA QeZ

esa gkfu dh fLFkfr eas e/kq dk nkf;Ro 10,000 rd lhfer gksxkA

¼³½ ,d O;fDr us orZeku lk>snkjksa ls laca/kksa ds vk/kkj ij lk>snkjh QeZ esa ykHk

vftZr fd;kA

ikBxr iz'u 5.2


144

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

3. fuEufyf[kr ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa lk>snkjksa ds izdkjksa dks igpkfu, %

¼d½ 25 o"khZ; lk>snkj Jh/kj dk nkf;Ro mlds iw¡th fuos'k rd lhfer gSA

¼[k½ enu us] u rks iw¡th esa va'knku fd;k gS vkSj u gh og ykHk esa fgLlk ysrk gS] fQjHkh mls lk>snkj ekuk tkrk gSA

¼x½ lquhrk 15 o"kZ dh vk;q esa QeZ ls ykHk dk va'k ysus ds fy, QeZ esa izos'k djrhgSA

¼?k½ lq/khj QeZZ esa fuos'k djrk gS vkSj og ykHk o gkfu;ksa dks Hkh ckaVrk gSA ijUrq ogfnu&izfrfnu ds fØ;kdykiksa eas Hkkx ugha ysrk gSA

¼³½ ,d QeZ us ?kks"k.kk dh fd lfpu mldk ,d lk>snkj gSA ;g ?kks"k.kk lqudjlfpu bls vLohdkj ugha djrkA

5.5 ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk;

,dy LokfeRo rFkk lk>snkjh O;olk;ksa ds fo"k; esa tkuus ds ckn] vkb;s] vc ,d vuks[khO;kolkf;d bdkbZ ds ckjs esa ckr djasA ;g dsoy Hkkjr esa vkSj ogka Hkh dsoy fganqvksa esaik;h tkrh gSA la;qDr fganw ifjokj O;olk;* ,d izdkj dh ,slh O;kolkf;d bdkbZ gS tksla;qDr ;k vfoHkkftr fganw ifjokjksa }kjk pyk;h tkrh gSA ifjokj dh rhuksa ihf<+;ksa ¼nknkls ikS=k rd½ ds lnL; bl O;olk; ds lnL; gksrs gSaA drkZ vFkkZr ifjokj dk ofj"BO;fä bls laHkkyrk gSA nwljs lnL; lg&leka'kh (Co-parceners) dgykrs gSaA lHkhlnL;ksa dk O;kolkf;d lEifÙk ds LokfeRo esa cjkcj dk vf/kdkj gksrk gSA

la;qDr fganw ifjokj O;olk; esa lnL;rk dk vf/kdkj ifjokj esa tUe ls gh izkIr gksrk gSAvo;Ld dks lnL; cukus ij dksbZ izfrca/k ugha gSA fganw vf/kfu;e dh ^n;kHkkx iz.kkyh*ds vuqlkj lHkh iq#"k ,oa L=kh lnL; O;olk; ds la;qDr Lokeh gksrs gSaA ijUrq fganw vf/kfu;e dh ^ferk{kjk* iz.kkyh ds vuqlkj ifjokj ds dsoy iq#"k lnL; gh lg&Hkkxh culdrs gSaA n;kHkkx iz.kkyh* if'peh caxky esa ykxw gS rFkk ferk{kjk&iz.kkyh ns'k ds ckdhlHkh fgLlksa esa ykxw gSA

5.5.1 ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk; dh fo'ks"krk,a

vc rd gqbZ ckrphr ls vkidks ;g Li"V gks tkuk pkfg, fd ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj*O;olk; dh dqN fo'ks"k fo'ks"krk,¡ gSaA ;s fuEu izdkj gSa%

¼d½ LFkkiuk % la;qDr fganw ifjokj O;olk; ds fy, ifjokj esa de ls de nks lnL; rFkkdqN iSr`d lEifÙk gksuh pkfg,A ;g fdlh le>kSrs ds }kjk ugha cfYd dkuwu ds }kjkfØ;kfUor gksrh gSA

¼[k½ oS/kkfud fLFkfr % la;qDr fganw ifjokj O;olk; ,d lkewfgd LokfeRo okyk O;olk;

gSA ;g fganw mÙkjkf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 1956 ds }kjk 'kkflr gSA


145O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

¼x½ lnL;rk % ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk; esa ifjokj ds ckgj dk dksbZ O;fDr

lg&Hkkxh ugha gks ldrkA dsoy vfoHkkftr ifjokj ds lnL; tUe ls blds lnL;

cu ldrs gSaA

¼?k½ ykHk dk caVokjk % lHkh lgHkkxh O;olk; ds ykHk esa cjkcj ds fgLlsnkj gksrs gSaA

¼³½ izca/ku % bl O;olk; dk izca/k ifjokj dk ofj"B lnL; ftls drkZ dgrs gS] ns[krk

gSA ifjokj ds nwljs lnL;ksa dks izca/ku] esa Hkkx ysus dk vf/kdkj ugha gksrk gSA drkZ

dks viuh ethZ ds vuqlkj O;olk; dks pykus dk vf/kdkj gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh mlds

izcaèku ds rjhds ij iz'u ugha mBk ldrkA ;fn lgHkkxh drkZ ds izca/ku ls larq"V

ugha gS rks dsoy vkilh le>kSrs ds }kjk (Mutual agreement) vfoHkkftr fganw

ifjokj dk fo?kVu djuk gh vafre mik; gSA

¼p½ nkf;Ro % lg&laekf'k;ksa dk nkf;Ro O;olk; esa muds va'k rd gh lhfer gksrk gSA

dsoy drkZ dk nkf;Ro vlhfer gksrk gSA O;olk; esa vko';drk ds le; ij mldh

O;fDrxr lEifÙk Hkh mi;ksx esa ykbZ tk ldrh gSA

¼N½ fujUrjrk % fdlh lg&leka'kh dh e`R;q ls bl O;olk; dh fujUrjrk ij dksbZ

izHkko ugha iM+rk gSA ;gka rd fd drkZ dh e`R;q gksus ij Hkh ifjokj dk vU; ofj"B

lg&leka'kh drkZ dk LFkku ys ysrk gSA ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk; dks vkilh

le>kSrs ;k U;k;ky; esa ;kfpdk nk;j djds fo?kfVr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

5.5.2 ^l;qDr fgaUnw ifjokj* O;olk; ds xq.k

¼d½ fuf'pr ykHkka'k % izR;sd lg&leka'kh O;olk; ds pykus esa vius ;ksxnku dk è;ku

fÝd fd, fcuk ykHk esa leHkkx ds fy, vk'oLr gksrk gSA blls vo;Ld] chekj]

'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld :i ls ijs'kku lg&lekaf'k;ksa ds O;olk; esa fgr lqjf{kr jgrs gSaA

¼[k½ 'kh?kz fu.kZ; % bl O;olk; esa drkZ izca/ku ds laca/k eas iw.kZ Lora=krk dk vkuan mBkrk

gSA blls mls fcuk fdlh n[ky ds 'kh?kzrk ls fu.kZ; ysus esa enn feyrh gSA

¼x½ Kku vkSj vuqHko dks ckVuk % ,d ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk; ifjokj ds ;qok

lnL;ksa dks vius ofj"B lnL;ksa ds Kku vkSj vuqHko dk Qk;nk mBkus dk volj

nsrk gSA ;g muesa vuq'kklu] vkRe cfynku vkSj lgu'khyrk tSls xq.k Hkh Hkjrk gSA

¼?k½ lnL;ksa dk lhfer nkf;Ro % drkZ dks NksM+dj ckdh lHkh lg&lekaf'k;ksa dk nkf;Ro

muds iw¡th va'knku rd lhfer gksrk gSA ;g fLFkfr lnL;ksa dks drkZ ds vuqns'k ;k

funsZ'k ds vuqlkj Lora=k O;olk; pykus esa l{ke cukrh gSA

¼³½ drkZ dk vlhfer nkf;Ro % D;ksafd drkZ dk nkf;Ro vlhfer gksrk gS vr% O;olk;

u py ikus ij ns;rkvksa ds Hkqxrku ds fy, mldh futh lEifÙk nkao ij yxh gksrh


146

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

gSA ;g 'krZ drkZ dks O;olk; dks cM+h lko/kkuh vkSj cqf)ekuh ls pykus ds fy, ck/

; djrh gSA

¼p½ fujarj vfLrRo % fdlh lnL; dh e`R;q ;k fnokfy;k gksus ls O;olk; dh fujarjrk

ij dksbZ vlj ugha iM+rk vkSj ;g yEcs le; rd pyrk jg ldrk gSA

¼N½ dj ykHk % dj ds mnns'; ls fganw vfoHkkftr ifjokj ,d Lora=k djnkrk bdkbZZ

gSA O;olk; ls izkIr vk; dks lg&lekaf'k;ksa dh futh vk; esa dj ds fy, lfEefyr

ugha fd;k tkrkA

xq.kksa dks tkuus ds ckn] vkb,] la;qä fganw ifjokj O;olk; dh lhekvksa dks Hkh tkusaA

5.5.3 ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk; dh lhek,a

¼d½ lhfer lalk/ku % ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk; esa lkekU;r% lhfer foÙk vkSj

izca/kdh; lk/ku gksrs gSaA blfy, O;olk; dk ;g izdkj cM+s O;olk;ksa ds fy, mfpr

ugha gSA

¼[k½ izsj.kk dh deh % lHkh lg&lekaf'k;ksa dks YkkHk dk cjkcj fgLlk gS] vr% izca/k esa

Hkkxhnkjh dk ykHk ds va'k ls lh/kk laca/k u gksus ds dkj.k lkekU;r% os vkSj vPNk

dke djus ds fy, izsfjr ugha gksrs gSaA

¼x½ vf/kdkjksa ds nq#i;ksx dh laHkkouk % pwafd bl O;olk; dks pykus ds fy, drkZ

iw.kZr% Lora=k gS] vr% ;g laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gS fd og futh ykHk ds fy, bu

vfèkdkjksa dk nq#i;ksx dj ldrk gSA

¼?k½ vfLFkjrk % ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk; dh fujarjrk ij lnSo [krjk cuk jgrk

gS D;kasfd ifjokj esa NksVh&lh vucu Hkh O;olk; esa foHkktu djok ldrh gSA

5.5.4 ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk; dh mi;qDrrk

ftl ifjokj esa dbZ ihf<+;ksa ls dksbZ O;olk; fo'ks"k gksrk pyk vk jgk gS vkSj vkxs Hkh

ifjokj ds lnL; ml O;olk; dks pykuk pkgrs gSa] ogha ij la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk;

mi;qDr gksrk gSA blds vfrfjDr ;g ,sls O;olk; ds fy, Hkh mi;qDr gksrk gS ftlesa

de iw¡th vkSj izca/k dh vko';drk ds lkFk mldk {ks=k Hkh lhfer gksrk gSA ;g Hkh ns[kk

x;k gS fd ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk; lkekU;r% O;kikfjd O;olk;] ns'kh cSafdax] y?kq

mn~;ksx vkSj f'kYi tSls O;olk;ksa ds fy, gh mi;qä gSA

5.5.5 ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk; dh LFkkiuk

la;qDr fganw ifjokj O;olk; fganw dkuwu ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj curk gSA ;g O;olk;

LFkkfir djus okys O;fDr dh e`R;q ds ckn vfLrRo esa vkrk gSA ;fn lnL; bl ikfjokfjd


147O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

O;olk; dks vkxs c<+kuk pkgrs gSa rks O;olk; LFkkfir djus okys O;fä dk mÙkjkf/kdkjh

Lor% gh lg&leka'kh cu tkrk gSA cPps tUe ls gh blds lnL; cu tkrs gSaA ifjokj dk

ofj"B lnL; O;olk; dk drkZ gksrk gSA bldh LFkkiuk ds fy, dkuwuh vkSipkfjdrk,a

iwjh djus dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gSA ijUrq dj laca/kh NwV ds fy, bls vk;dj foHkkx

esa iathÑr djkuk iM+rk gSA

1. drkZ dk nkf;Ro vlhfer D;ksa gksuk pkfg,\

2. uhps fy[ks dFkuksa eas la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;olk; ds xq.k vkSj lhek,a NkafV,A muds

lkeus nh x;h txg esa xq.k ds fy, ^x* rFkk lhek ds fy, ^l* Hkfj, %

¼d½ ifjokj ds ;qok lnL; ofj"B lnL;ksa ls Kku vkSj vuqHko lh[krs gSaA

¼[k½ fdlh Hkh lnL; dh e`R;q ;k fnokfy;k gksus ls O;olk; dh fujarjrk ij

dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rkA

¼x½ lg&leka'kh vius loZJs"B iz;klksa ds fy, vfHkizsfjr ugha gksrsA

¼?k½ lnL;ksa esa ykHk dk foHkktu cjkcj fd;k tkrk gS u fd muds }kjk

O;olk; esa fn, x, ;ksxnku ds vuqlkjA

¼³½ drkZ fcuk fdlh gLr{ksi ds rqjar fu.kZ; ys ldrk gSA

3. ^lk>snkjh* vkSj la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj* O;olk; esa lnL; la[;k ds vk/kkj ij vUrj

Li"V dhft,A

5.6 lgdkjh lfefr

vHkh rd vkius fofHkUu O;kolkf;d laxBuksa tSls ^,dy LokfeRo] lk>snkjh vkSj ^la;qDr

fganw ifjokj* O;olk; ds ckjs esa tkukA bu lHkh O;olk;ksa dh LFkkiuk] izca/ku] iw¡th

;ksxnku vkfn esa fofHkUu vlekurk,¡ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk bu lc esa ,d lekurk gS fd

bu lHkh laxBuksa dk ,d gh mn~ns'; gksrk gS vkSj og gS ykHk dekukA ijUrq dqN

O;kolkf;d laxBu bl izdkj ds Hkh gSa ftudk eq[; mn~ns'; ykHk dekuk ugha vfirq

vius lnL;ksa dks lsok iznku djuk gSA ;|fi ;s laxBu dqN ykHk Hkh dekrs gSa ijUrq mudk

eq[; mn~ns'; lHkh lnL;ksa ds fgrksa dk /;ku j[kuk gSA os lHkh lnL;ksa ds lalk/kuksa dks

,df=kr dj mudk lnqi;ksx djrs gaS vkSj izkIr ykHk dks muesa ckaV nsrs gaSA bu laxBuksa

dks lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ dgrs gSaA vkb;s] vc buds fo"k; esa foLrkj ls tkusaA

ikBxr iz'u 5.3


148

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

lgdkjh 'kCn dk mn~Hko ysfVu Hkk"kk ds 'kCn dks $ vksijjh ls gqvkA ^dks* 'kCn dk vFkZ

^lkFk* gS vkSj ^vksijkjh* dk vFkZ ^dke djuk* gSA vFkkZr lkFk&lkFk dke djukA vr%

fdlh vkfFkZd mn~ns'; ds fy, feydj dke djus okys O;fDr ,d lfefr cuk ysrs gS

ftls lgdkjh lfefr dgrs gSaA ;g ,d ,slh LoSfPNd laLFkk gS ftlesa dqN O;fä vius

vkfFkZd fgrksa dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, lkewfgd :i ls dke djrs gSaA ;g vkilh enn

vkSj Lo;a lgk;rk ds fl)kar ij dke djrk gSA bldk izeq[k mn~ns'; vius lnL;ksa dh

lgk;rk djuk gSA blesa yksx ,d lewg ds :i esa dk;Z djrs gSaA vius futh lalk/ku o

iw¡th yxkrs gaS vkSj mudk loksZre rjhds ls mi;ksx djrs gq, izkIr ykHk dks ijLij ckaV

ysrs gSaA

Hkkjrh; lgdkjh lfefr vf/kfu;e 1912 ds vuqlkj ^^,slh lfefr ftldk

mn~ns'; vius lnL;ksa ds vkfFkZd fgrksa dks lkewfgdrk ds fl)kUr ij izksRlkfgr

djuk gS] lgdkjh lfefr dgyk,xhA**

5.6.1 lgdkjh lfefr dh fo'ks"krk,¡

mijksDr ifjHkk"kk ds vk/kkj ij lgdkjh lfefr dh fuEu fo'ks"krk,a gSa%

¼d½ LoSfPNd lk>snkjh % blds lnL; LoSfPNd :i ls vFkkZr viuh bPNk ls lfefr ds

lnL; curs gSaaA ,d leku lkewfgd vkfFkZd mn~ns'; okys O;fDr viuh bPNk ls

bldh lnL;rk izkIr djrs gSa vkSj tc rd pkgrs gSa lnL; cus jgrs gSa] vkSj tc

pkgs] bldh lnL;rk NksM+ ldrs gSaA

¼[k½ [kqyh lnL;rk % bldh lnL;rk leku vkfFkZd mn~ns'; okys O;fDr;ksa ds fy,

[kqyh jgrh gSA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr fdlh tkfr] lEiznk;] /keZ] jax vkSj fyax Hksn ¼L=kh vkSj

iq#"k½ dk /;ku fd, fcuk bldk lnL; cu ldrk gSA

¼x½ lnL;ksa dh la[;k % lgdkjh lfefr ds fy, de ls de nl lnL; gksus pkfg,A

cgqjkTkh; lgdkjh lfefr ds fy, izR;sd jkT; ls lnL;ksa dh U;wure la[;k 50

gksuh pkfg,A lgdkjh lfefr vf/kfu;e eas lnL;ksa dh vf/kdre la[;k ds fy, dksbZ

izko/kku ugha gSA gkykafd lfefr dh LFkkiuk ds ckn ijLij Lohd`fr ls vf/kdre

lnL;ksa dh la[;k fu/kkZfjr dh tk ldrh gSA

¼?k½ lfefr dk iathdj.k % Hkkjr esa lgdkjh lfefr;ka lgdkjh lfefr ,sDV 1912 ;k

jkT; lgdkjh lfefr ,sDV ds vUrxZr iathÑr dh tkrh gSa rFkk cgqjkT;h; lgdkjh

lfefr;ka] vUrjkZT;h; lgdkjh lfefr ,DV 2002 ds vUrxZr iathÑr dh tkrh gSaA

lgdkjh lfefr ds ,d ckj iathÑr gks tkus ij] mudk ,d vyx dkuwuh vfLrRo

cu tkrk gS vkSj mls fuEufyf[kr fo'ks"kkf/kdkj izkIr gks tkrs gSa %

¼i½ lfefr dks fpj LFkk;h mÙkjkf/kdkj izkIr gksrk gSA


149O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

¼ii½ blds ikl viuh lkekU; eqgj gksrh gSA

¼iii½ ;g nwljksa ds lkFk vuqcU/k dj ldrh gSA

¼iv½ ;g U;k;ky; esa nwljksa ij eqdnek pyk ldrh gSA

¼v½ ;g vius uke ij lEifÙk j[k ldrh gSA

¼³½ jktdh; fu;a=k.k % pwafd lgdkjh lfefr dk iathdj.k djkuk vfuok;Z gksrk gS vr%izR;sd lgdkjh lfefr ij ljdkj dk fu;=ka.k vkSj fujh{k.k gksrk gSA ljdkj dklgdkjh foHkkx lfefr;ksa ds dk;ks± ij utj j[krk gSA izR;sd lfefr dks ljdkj dslgdkjh foHkkx ls vius [kkrksa dk ys[kk&ijh{k.k djkuk gksrk gSA

¼p½ iw¡th % izR;sd lgdkjh lfefr ds lnL; iw¡th eas va'knku djrs gSaA D;ksafd lnL;ksadk va'knku cgqr lhfer gksrk gS blfy, ;g ljdkj o 'kh"kZ lgdkjh laLFkkvksa lsizkIr _.k vkSj jkT; ;k dsUnz ljdkj ls Lohd`r vuqnku o vkfFkZd lgk;rk ij HkhfuHkZj gksrh gSA

¼N½ yksdra=kkRed izcU/ku % lgdkjh lfefr yksdrakf=kd <ax ls dk;Z djrh gSA izR;sdlnL; dks lfefr ds lapkyu eas Hkkx ysus dk vf/kdkj gksrk gSSA fQj Hkh lfefrlQy izcU/ku ds fy, ,d izcU/k lfefr dk pquko djrh gSA ;g pquko lnL;ksa dsva'kksa ij fuHkZj u gksdj ,d O;fDr ,d er ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA lnL;ksa dhvke lHkk esa loZlEefr ls gh bl izca/k lfefr ds dkedkt dh foLrr :ijs[kk rS;kjdh tkrh gSA

¼t½ lsok mn~ns'; % lHkh lfefr;ksa dk eq[; mn~ns'; vius lnL;ksa dks lsok,¡ iznku djukgSA

¼>½ iw¡th fuos'k ij izfrQy % lnL;ksa dks vius iw¡th fuos'k ij ykHkka'k ds :i easizfrQy feyrk gSA

¼×k½ vf/k'ks"k (Surplus) dk forj.k % lfefr ds lnL;ksa dks lhfer ykHkka'k nsus ds ckn]cph /kujkf'k dks lfefr ds dY;k.k ds fy, j[kk tkrk gSA ;fn fQj Hkh dqN /kujkf'k'ks"k jgrh gS rks vf/k'ks"k dks lnL;ksa eas cksul ds :i eas ckaV fn;k tkrk gSA

5.6.2 lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds izdkj

vki tkurs gSa fd lgdkjh laxBu dks fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa lekt ds fofHkUu oxks± ds vkfFkZdfgrksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, cuk;k tkrk gSA blfy, yksxkas dh vko';drk ds vuq:iHkkjr esa fofHkUu izdkj dh lgdkjh lfefr;ka ik;h tkrh gSaA muesa ls dqN fuEu izdkj gSa

¼d½ miHkksDrk lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ % bu lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh LFkkiuk mi;qDr dher ijmPp fdLe dh miHkksDrk oLrq,a miHkksDrkvksa dks miyC/k djkdj muds fgrksa dh j{kk

djus ds fy, dh tkrh gSA


150

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

¼[k½ mRiknd lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ % bu lfefr;ksa dh LFkkiuk NksVs mRikndksa o nLrdkjksads fgrksa dh j{kk ds fy, dh tkrh gSA ;s lfefr;k¡ mUgsa mRiknu ds fy, vko';ddPpk eky] vkStkj vkSj lktks&lkeku miyC/k djkrh gSaA

¼x½ foi.ku lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ % mRikn ds foi.ku dh leL;k dks gy djus ds fy,NksVs&NksVs mRiknd feydj foi.ku lgdkjh lfefr cuk ysrs gSaA

¼?k½ vkoklh; lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ % ;s lfefr;k¡ lkekU;r% 'kgjh {ks=kksa esa vius lnL;ksadks vkoklh; lqfo/kk miyC/k djkus ds fy, cuk;h tkrh gSaA

¼³½ Ñf"k lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ % ;s lfefr;k¡ NksVs fdlkuksa }kjk cM+s iSekus dh [ksrh ds ykHkmiyC/k djkus ds fy, cuk;h tkrh gSaA

¼p½ _.k lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ % ;s lfefr;k¡ mu yksxksa }kjk cuk;h tkrh gSa ftUgsa _.k dhvko';drk gksrh gSA ;s lnL;ksa }kjk tek jkf'k Lohdr dj mUgsa mfpr C;kt njij _.k miyC/k djkrh gSaA

lgdkjh lfefr ds fo"k; esa mijksDr ckrphr vkSj O;kolkf;d laxBu ds izdkj ds ckjsesa vkidh viuh tkudkjh ds vk/kkj ij uhps nh x;h rkfydk dks Hkjus dk iz;kl dhft,A

lgdkjh lfefr;ksa lfefr dkSu lfefr ds lfefr ds

ds izdkj LFkkfir djrk gS mn~ns'; dk;Z

1. miHkksDrk lgdkjhlfefr

2. mRiknd lgdkjhlfefr

3. foi.ku lgdkjhlfefr

4. vkoklh; lgdkjhlfefr

5. Ñf"k lgdkjhlfefr

6. _.k lgdkjh

lfefr

djsa ,oa lh[ksa


151O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

5.6.3 lgdkjh lfefr ds xq.k

lgdkjh lfefr ,d ek=k ,slk O;kolkf;d laxBu gS tks vius ykHk dks vf/kdre djus

ds ctk;s vius lnL;ksa dh lsok dks vf/kd egÙo nsrk gSA bldh fo'ks"krk,¡ vkSj izdkj

tkuus ds ckn vkb;s] bl O;olkf;d laxBu ds xq.kksa ds ckjs esa tkusaA

¼d½ LFkkiuk esa lqxerk % dksbZ Hkh nl o;Ld lnL; LoSfPNd :i ls feydj ,d laLFkk

cuk dj mls lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds jftLVªkj ds ikl iathdr djok ldrs gSaA ;g

iathdj.k vklku gS vkSj blesa T;knk oS/kkfud vkSipkfjdrk,a Hkh ugha gSaA

¼[k½ lhfer nkf;Ro % lgdkjh lfefr ds lnL;ksa dk nkf;Ro mudh iw¡th esa va'knku rd

gh lhfer gksrk gSA os O;fDrxr :i ls lfefr ds _.k ds fy, ftEesnkj ugha gksrs

gSaA

¼x½ [kqyh lnL;rk % dksbZ l{ke ,oa leku oSpkfjd vo/kkj.kk okyk O;fDr dHkh Hkh

lgdkjh lfefr dk lnL; cu ldrk gSA blesa tkfr] lEiznk;] fyax vFkok jax vkfn

dk dksbZ ca/ku ugha gksrk gSA lnL;ksa dk lfefr esa izos'k vkSj fudkl lkekU;r% [kqyk

jgrk gSA

¼?k½ jktdh; lgk;rk % fdlh Hkh ns'k ds fodkl ds fy, ogka ds detksj oxZ dk vkfFkZd

fodkl djuk vko';d gSA blhfy, bu lgdkjh lfefr;ksaa dks lnSo dsUnz ljdkj

,oa jkT; ljdkj ls _.k] vuqnku vkfn ds :i esa jktdh; enn feyrh jgrh gSA

¼³½ fLFkj thou % lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ fpj LFkk;h thou dky dk ykHk ikrh gSaA lnL;ksa

dh e`R;q] muds R;kxi=k] fnokfy;kiu vkfn dk lfefr ds vfLrRo ij dksbZ izHkko

ugha iM+rk] D;ksafd bldk viuk oS/kkfud vfLrRo gksrk gSA

¼p½ dj esa NwV % yksxksa dks lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh LFkkiuk djus dks izksRlkfgr djus ds

fy, ljdkj dj esa fj;k;r ,oa NwV nsrh gS tks le;≤ ij cnyrh jgrh gSA

¼N½ yksdrkaf=kd izca/k % lgdkjh lfefr dk izca/k lHkh lnL;ksa }kjk pquh x;h izca/k

lfefr djrh gSA lnL; dkuwu }kjk r; lhekvksa esa jgdj] Lo;a gh fu;e ,oa

fofu;e dkuwu cuk ysrs gaSA

5.6.4 lgdkjh lfefr dh lhek,a

;|fi lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh LFkkiuk dk mn~ns'; lnL;ksa eas vkilh enn vkSj lg;ksx dks

fodflr djuk gS ijUrq ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd lg;ksx dh ;g Hkkouk yEcs le; rd cuh

ugha jgrhA lgdkjh lfefr dks lkekU;r% fuEufyf[kr lhekvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk

gSA


152

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

¼d½ lhfer iw¡th % T;knkrj lgdkjh lfefr;ka iw¡th dh deh dks >syrh gSaA D;ksafd buds

lnL; fiNM+s {ks=k ;k detksj oxZ ls vkrs gSa vkSj lk/kkj.kr;k muds ikl lk/ku

lhfer gksrs gaSA bl dkj.k muds fy, cM+h jkf'k tqVkuk laHko ugha gksrk gSA ljdkj

}kjk nh tkus okyh lgk;rk Hkh izk;% vi;kZIr gh gksrh gSA

¼[k½ izca/kdh; fo'ks"kKksa dh deh % izca/kdh; fo'ks"kKksa dh deh ds dkj.k dHkh&dHkh

lgdkjh lfefr dk izca/k Bhd <ax ls ugha gks ikrk gSA lkFk gh /ku dh deh ds dkj.k

os is'ksoj izca/kdksa dk ykHk mBkus esa Hkh vleFkZ gksrs gSaA

¼x½ izsj.kk dh deh % pwafd iw¡th fuos'k ij C;kt nj de gksrk gSA blfy, blds lnL;

ges'kk blds dk;ks± eas lfEefyr ugha gksrsA

¼?k½ fnypLih esa deh % ,d ckj lgdkjh lfefr dks cukus vkSj pykus dk tks'k vkSj

ftKklk lekIr gks tkus ij lnL;ksa esa xqVcanh 'kq: gks tkrh gSA blls lfefr futhZo

vkSj fuf"Ø; gks tkrh gSA

¼³½ Hkz"Vkpkj % ljdkj ds fu;eksa vkSj le;≤ ij ys[kk&ijh{k.kksa ds ckotwn lfefr

ds izca/k esa Hkz"Vkpkj dks udkjk ugha tk ldrkA

5.6.5 lgdkjh lfefr dh mi;qDrrk

vki ;g tku x;s gSa fd lgdkjh lfefr ,d LoSfPNd laLFkk gSA ;g mu yksxksa }kjk cuk;h

tkrh gS tks vkfFkZd :i ls etcwr ugha gSa vkSj vius Lo;a ds cy ij viuk dksbZ Lora=k

O;olk; ugha dj ldrsA vr% bl lkekU; leL;k dks gy djus ;k lkewfgd vko';drk

dh iwfrZ ds fy, ;g O;olk; vf/kd mi;qDr gSA bl izdkj miHkksDrk oLrq,¡ izkIr djus]

vkokl fuekZ.k] mRiknksa ds foi.ku ds fy,] _.k vkSj vfxze nsus ds fy, yksx blds lkFk

feydj dke djrs gSaA bl izdkj dk O;kolkf;d laxBu lkekU;r% NksVs vkSj e/;e

vkdkj ds O;olk; dks pykus ds fy, mi;qDr gSA

1. ^lgdkjh lfefr* dks vius 'kCnksa esa ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A

2. fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa ds mÙkj ,d ;k nks 'kCnksa esa nhft,A

¼d½ lgdkjh lfefr dk izca/k dkSu djrk gS\

¼[k½ cgqjkT;h; lgdkjh lfefr cukus ds fy, de ls de fdrus lnL; gksus pkfg,\

¼x½ yksxksa dh _.k laca/kh t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, fdl izdkj dh lfefr dh

LFkkiuk dh tkrh gS\

ikBxr iz'u 5.4


153O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

¼?k½ lgdkjh lfefr ds iathdj.k ds fy, vkosnu fdlds ikl Hkstk tkrk gS\

¼³½ ,d lgdkjh lfefr ds lnL;ksa dh vf/kdre la[;k D;k gS\

3. fuEufyf[kr dk feyku dhft, %

dkWye d dkWye [k

¼d½ iathdj.k ¼i½ lhfer

¼[k½ lnL;rk ¼ii½ izcU/ku

¼x½ iw¡th ij ykHk ¼iii½ lHkh ds fy, [kqyk

¼?k½ yksdra=kkRed ¼iv½ vfuok;Z

¼³½ ns;rk ¼v½ ykHkka'k

l LokfeRo vkSj izca/ku ds vk/kkj ij O;olk; lxaBu ds fofHkUu izdkj gSaA buesa ,dy

LokfeRo] lk>snkjh] la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj] lgdkjh lfefr vkSj la;qDr iw¡th dEiuh

'kkfey gaSA

l ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; laxBu dk ,d ,slk :i gS ftlesa ,d vdsyk O;fDr

O;olk; dks laHkkyrk gS rFkk ykHk vkSj gkfu dks ogu djrk gSA bl O;kolkf;d

laxBu ds xq.k gSa] bls vklkuh ls LFkkfir vkSj can fd;k tk ldrk gSS] rqjUr fu.kZ;

ysuk vkSj ml ij 'kh?kz dk;Zokgh djuk] izR;{k vfHkizsj.kk vkSj lapkyu eas yphykiu

gksukA O;olk;h Lo;a O;olk; ds izR;sd ekeyksa eas O;fDrxr :i ls izHkko Mkyrk

gS tks mls O;olk; dh xksiuh;rk cuk, j[kus esa enn djrk gSA bu lHkh xq.kksa ds

vfrfjDr] laxBu ds bl :i dh lhek,a gSa tSls lalk/kuksa dh lhferrk] fujarjrk dk

vHkko] Lokeh dk vlhfer nkf;Ro] izca/ku esa lhfer n{krk vkfnA cM+s iSekus ds

O;olk;ksa ds lapkyu ds fy, ;g :i mi;qDr ugha gSA

l lk>snkjh % lk>snkjh O;kolkf;d laxBu dk ,d ,slk :i gS ftlesa nks ;k vf/kd

l{ke O;fDr fdlh fof/k vuqdwy O;olk; dks pykus dk le>kSrk dj mlls gksus

okys ykHkksa dks ckaVus ds fy, lger gksrs gSaA lk>snkjh QeZ dk fuekZ.k djuk vklku

gS rFkk blds lapkyu esa yphykiu Hkh gksrk gSA

l blds vUrZxr lHkh lk>snkjksa ds lalk/kuksa dks ,df=kr dj] mfpr fu.kZ;ksa dh lgk;rk

ls mudk mÙke iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA blds vUrZxr lk>snkjksa ds O;fäxr fof'k"V

Kku dk ykHk mBk dj] lHkh lk>snkjksa ds fgrksa dh j{kk dh tkrh gSA D;ksafd lHkh

vkius D;k lh[kk


154

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

lk>snkj O;olk; ds ykHk&gkfu ds Hkkxhnkj gksrs gSa blfy, og O;olk; eas iw.kZ #fp

ysrs gSaA budh izeq[k lhek,a gSa% vlhfer nkf;Ro] vfLFkjrk] lhfer iw¡th] va'k dh

vgLrkarj.kh;rk rFkk lk>snkjksa esa vkilh le> dh dehA

l lk>snkjh QeZ esa fofHkUu izdkj ds lk>snkj tSls lfØ; lk>snkj] fuf"Ø; lk>snkj]

uke ek=k ds lk>snkj] ykHk ds lk>snkj] lhfer lk>snkj] lkekU; lk>snkj] focaf/kr

lk>snkj vkSj O;ogkj }kjk lk>snkj vkfn gksrs gSaA

l la;qDr fganw ifjokj % blesa O;olk; fganw dkuwu ds }kjk 'kkflr gksrk gSA vfoHkkftr

fganw ifjokj ds yksx la;qDr :i ls blds lnL; gksrs gaS vkSj ifjokj dk ofj"B O;fDr]

tks drkZ dgykrk gS og loksZÙke <ax ls bl O;olk; dks laHkkyrk gSA bldk izR;sd

lnL; lg&leka'kh dgykrk gS vkSj mlds O;olk; esa ;ksxnku ij fopkj u djrs

gq, mls ,d fu'fpr ykHk jkf'k feyrh gSA lg&leka'kh dk nkf;Ro lhfer o drkZ

dk nkf;Ro vlhfer gksrk gSA fdlh Hkh lnL; dh eR;q ;k fnokfy;siu ls O;olk;

dh fujarjrk ij dksbZ vlj ugha iM+rk gSA bl O;olk; dks Hkh fofHkUu lhekvksa tSls

lhfer lk/ku] iszj.kk dh deh] drkZ }kjk vf/kdkjksa dk nq#i;ksx vkSj vfLFkj thou

vkfn dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA

l lgdkjh lfefr % mu O;fDr;ksa dk ,d LoSfPNd laxBu gS] tks vius vkfFkZd fgrksa

dks c<+kus gsrq ,d lkFk feydj dk;Z djrs gSaA ;g Lo&lgk;rk vkSj vkilh lgk;rk

ds fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij dk;Z djrh gSA lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dh lnL;rk LoSfPNd

vkSj lHkh ds fy, [kqyh jgrh gSA bldk viuk LorU=k oS/kkfud vfLrRo gksrk gS vkSj

budk izca/ku iztkrkfU=kd :i ls gksrk gSA lgdkjh lfefr dk fuekZ.k djuk ljy

gS rFkk bldk vfLrRo fLFkj gksrk gSA ;s ljdkj ls _.k] vuqnku vkSj NwV ds :i

esa lgk;rk izkIr djrs gSaA ljdkj bUgsa dj esa NwV Hkh miyC/k djkrh gSA lnL;ksa dk

nkf;Ro muds }kjk fuos'k dh xbZ iw¡th rd gh lhfer jgrk gSA bu lHkh xq.kksa ds

vfrfjDr ;g vusd lhekvksa tSls&vi;kZIr iw¡th] fo'ks"kKksa dh deh] vkfn ls xzflr

gSA buds lnL;ksa esa vfHkiszj.kk dh deh gksrh gS D;ksafd iz;Ruksa ds fy, dksbZ izR;{k

izfrQy ugha gksrk gSA

l yksxksa dh t:jr ds vuq:i ge vius ns'k esa fofHkUu izdkj dh lgdkjh lfefr;ksa

dks ns[krs gSaA muesa ls dqN egRoiw.kZ lgdkjh lfefr;ka gSa&miHkksDrk lgdkjh

lfefr;ka] mRiknd lgdkjh lfefr;ka] foi.ku lgdkjh lfefr;ka] vkoklh; lgdkjh

lfefr;ka] Ñf"k lgdkjh lfefr;ka vkSj _.k lgdkjh lfefr;kaA

l mi;qDrrk % ,dy LokfeRo] de iw¡th vkSj de tksf[ke okys lk/kkj.k O;olk; ds

fy, mi;qDr gksrk gSA ,sls O;olk; ftuesa ekuoJe dh vko';drk gksrh gS] tSls

gFkdj?kk] t+jh dk dk;Z] vkHkw"k.k cukuk vkfn lkekU;r% ,dy LokfeRo okys


155O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

O;olk; ds :i esa LFkkfir fd, tkrs gSaA lk>snkjh O;olk;] laxBu dk fuekZ.k]

dkuwuh lsok,a miyC/k djkus] fpfdRlh; lsok,a bR;kfn esa mi;qDr jgrk gSA ,sls

O;olk; ftuesa e/;e Lrj dh iw¡th dh vko';drk gksrh gS] ogka ;g mi;qDr jgrk

gSA Fkksd O;kikj] is'ksoj lsok,a] O;kikfjd x`gksa vkSj NksVh mRiknu bdkb;ksa dk

lapkyu lk>snkjh ds :i esa gks ldrk gSA la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj O;olk; ogka ij

mi;qDr gksrk gS tgka ij ifjokj dks iSr`d O;olk; mÙkjkf/kdkj esa izkIr gksrk gS rFkk

lnL; la;qDr :i ls bl O;olk; dks tkjh j[kuk pkgrs gSaA lkekU;r% ;g ns[kk

tkrk gS fd dqN O;kikj O;ofLFkr {ks=k eas cSafdax ,oa foÙk] NksVs mn~;ksx] dyk ,oa

f'kYidyk bR;kfn dk lapkyu la;qDr fgUnw ifjokj O;olk; ds :i esa fd;k tkrk

gSA lkekU;r% lgdkjh lfefr dk vkjEHk lkekU; vkfFkZd leL;kvksa dks gy djus

vFkok detksj oxZ ds yksxksa dh vko';drkvksa dks iw.kZ djus gsrq fd;k tkrk gSA

budh LFkkiuk miHkksDrk oLrqvksa dks lLrs nkeksa ij izkIr djus] x`g fuekZ.k] mRiknksa

dk cktkj esa foØ;] lnL;ksa dks _.k vkSj vfxze iznku djus bR;kfn ds fy,

mi;qDr gSA

O;kolkf;d laxBu drkZ lk>snkjh

lgdkjh lfefr lk>snkj lk>snkjh foys[k

lg&leka'kh focaf/kr lk>snkj ,dy LokfeRo

QeZ O;ogkj }kjk lk>snkj vlhfer nkf;Ro

la;qDr fganw ifjokj O;olk;

vfr y?kq mÙkjh; iz'u

1. ,dy LokfeRo dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A

2. dksbZ ,slh nks ifjfLFkfr;ka crkb;s ftuesa ,dy LokfeRo O;olk; lcls vf/kd

mi;qDr gksA

3. ^focaf/kr lk>snkj* fdls dgrs gSa\

4. lnL;rk ds vk/kkj ij ,dy LokfeRo vkSj lk>snkjh O;olk; ds e/; esa varj

crkb;sA

5. ^lg&leka'kh* 'kCn dk vFkZ crkb;sA

eq[; 'kCn

ikBkUr iz'u


156

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

y?kq mÙkjh; iz'u

6. ,dy LokfeRo O;kolkf;d laxBu dh mi;qDrrk ds ckjs esa crkb;sA

7. lk>snkjh dh fdUgha nks lhekvksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A

8. ^lk>snkjh foys[k* dk D;k vFkZ gS\ D;k ;g lk>snkjh ds fy, t:jh gksrk gS\

9. lk>snkjh QeZ ds vo;Ld lk>snkj rFkk la;qDr fganw ifjokj O;olk; ds vo;Ld

lg&leka'kh dh fLFkfr dh rqyuk dhft,A

10. iathdj.k gks tkus ds ckn lgdkjh lfefr dks dkSu&ls pkj fo'ks"kkf/kdkj fey tkrs

gSa\

nh?kZ mÙkjh; iz'u

11. fdUgha pkj izdkj ds lk>snkjksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

12. la;qDr fganw ifjokj O;olk; D;k gS\ bldh eq[; fo'ks"krkvksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A

13. ^la;qDr fganw ifjokj* O;kolkf;d laxBu ds fofHkUu ykHkksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A

14. Hkkjrh; lgdkjh lfefr vf/kfu;e 1912 ds vuqlkj lgdkjh lfefr dh ifjHkk"kk

nhft,A bl O;kolkf;d laxBu dh fdUgha nks fo'ks"krkvkas dk mYys[k dhft,A

15. Hkkjr esa miyC/k fofHkUu lgdkjh lfefr;ksa ds izdkjksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

16. ,slk dgk tkrk gS fd fyf[kr le>kSrk lnSo csgrj jgrk gSA bl ckr dksn`f"Vxr j[krs gq, lk>snkjksa dks lnSo fyf[kr le>kSrk djus dh lykg nh tkrhgSA bl le>kSrs dk uke D;k gS rFkk lkekU;r% bldh fo"k; lkexzh D;k gksrh gS\

17. vkius dbZ izdkj ds O;olk; laxBu ns[ks gSaA ;fn orZeku ifjn'; esa vkidks ,dO;olk; izkjaHk djus dk volj izkIr gks rks vki O;olk; laxBu ds fdl Lo:idks pqusaxs rFkk D;ksa\ mfpr

5.1 2. ¼d½ x ¼[k½ l ¼x½ l ¼?k½ x ¼³½ x

3. ¼d½ (iv) ¼[k½ (i) ¼x½ (v) ¼?k½ (iii) ¼ ³ ½

(ii)

5.2 1. ,d vo;Ld lk>snkj dsoy ykHkka'k ys ldrk gSA gkfu gksus dh fLFkfr esa

mldk nkf;Ro dsoy mlds iw¡th va'knku rd gh lhfer gksrk gSA

2. ¼d½ cSafdax O;olk; dks lk>snkjh esa 'kq: djus ds fy, vf/kdre nl lnL;

pkfg,A¼[k½ lk>snkjh foys[k ges'kk fyf[kr :i essa gksrk gSA

ikBxr iz'uksa ds mÙkj


157O;olk; v/;;u

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

fVIi.kh

¼x½ lk>snkjksa ds e/; iz/kku ,oa ,tsaV dk laca/k gksrk gSA

¼?k½ lk>snkjh esa gjh vkSj e/kq izR;sd us 10,000 #i;s dh iwath fuos'k fd;k

gSA O;olk; esa gkfu ds ekeys esa e/kq dk nkf;Ro vlhfer gksxkA

¼³½ lk>snkjh O;olk; esa] ,d le>kSrs ds }kjk gh] dksbZ O;fDr viuk fgr

vftZr dj ldrk gSA

3. ¼d½ lhfer lk>snkj

¼[k½ ukeek=k ds lk>snkj

¼x½ ykHk ds lk>snkj ;k vo;Ld lk>snkj

¼?k½ fuf"Ø; lk>snkj@lqIr lk>snkj

¼³½ izn'kZu }kjk lk>snkj

5.3 1. pwafd O;olk; dks viuh bPNkuqlkj pykus ds fy, drkZ ds ikl vlhe 'kfDr;ka

gksrh gaS] blfy, og vius futh LokFkZ ds fy, bu 'kfDr;ksa dk nq#i;ksx dj

ldrk gSA vlhfer nkf;Ro* drkZ dks] O;olk; dks gkfu igq¡pkus ls jksdrk gSA

2. ¼d½ x ¼[k½ x ¼x½ l ¼?k½ x ¼³½ x

3. ¼d½ nksuksa fLFkfr;ksa esa de ls de nks lnL; pkfg,¡A

¼[k½ lk>snkjh eas cSafdax ds fy, vf/kdre 10 rFkk vU; ds fy, vf/kdre 20

lnL; gksus pkfg,¡ tcfd la;qä fganw ifjokj O;olk; esa ,slh dksbZ lhek

ugha gSA

¼x½ lk>snkjh O;olk; esa lnL;rk le>kSrs }kjk vftZr gksrh gSA la;qDr fganw

ifjokj* O;olk; esa lnL;rk ml ifjokj esa tUe ysus ls feyrh gSA

5.4 2. ¼d½ izca/k lfefr

¼[k½ 50 ¼O;fDrd lnL;½

¼x½ _.k lgdkjh lfefr

¼?k½ lgdkjh lfefr dk jftLVªkj

¼³½ vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj dksbZ vf/kdre lhek fu/kkZfjr ugha dh xbZ gSA ;fn

lnL; pkgs rks lfefr esa lnL;ksa dh vf/kdre la[;k fu/kkZfjr dj ldrs

gSaA

3. ¼d½ iv ¼[k½ iii ¼x½ v ¼?k½ ii ¼³½ i

vius {ks=k ds vkl&ikl 20 O;kolkf;d laxBuksa dk fujh{k.k dhft,A bl ikB esa nh x;h

pkj Jsf.k;ksa eas mUgsa oxhZÑr dhft,A muds O;olk; dh izÑfr] O;kikj dk vkdkj]

Lokfe;ksa dh la[;k bR;kfn lkfj.kh :i eas izLrqr dhft,A

djsa ,oa lh[ksa


158

fVIi.kh

ekWM~;wy&2

O;olkf;d laxBu

O;olk; v/;;u

1. dey vkSj fueZy nks fe=k gSaA fueZy] dey ds lkFk lk>snkjh esa Fkksd O;kikj 'kq:djuk pkgrk FkkA dey us mlds izLrko dks u ekurs gq, vU; {ks=k eas Lo;a dhjsfMesM diM+ksa dks cspus dh nqdku 'kq: dj nhA fueZy us vius vU; fe=k foey dslkFk lk>snkjh esa O;olk; 'kq: fd;kA ,d fnu nksuksa dey vkSj fueZy ,d mRloeas feyrs gSA ;gka ij mu nksuksa ds chp gq, okrkZyki dk lkj izLrqr gSA

fueZy % ueLrs dey! vki dSls gaS\

dey % ueLrs] eSa Bhd gw¡] vkidh lk>snkjh dSlh py jgh gS\

fueZy % Bhd py jgh gSA foey cgqr bZekunkj vkSj feydj dke djusokyk gSA gesa vPNk ykHk fey jgk gS ysfdu eq>s vkt Hkh rqEgkjhdeh eglwl gksrh gSA D;k rqe vkt Hkh lk>snkjh esa dke djus dsbPNqd ugha gks\

dey % ugha] eSa vdsyk O;kikj djds [kq'k gw¡A

¼fueZy us lk>snkjh ds xq.kksa rFkk ,dy LokfeRo dh lhekvksa ds ckjs esa crk;k( tcfd deyus ,dy LokfeRo ds xq.kksa vkSj lk>snkjh dh lhekvksa ij izdk'k MkykA½

vius vkidks fueZy ekurs gq, vkSj vius fe=k dks dey le>rs gq,] okrkZyki dks tkjhjf[k,A

2. ,d dSQs esa dfudk vius fe=k iz'kkUr ls ,d yEch vof/k ds i'pkr feyhA nksuksaus vius dkyst ds fnuksa ij ppkZ dh rFkk ,d nwljs dks vius orZeku dk;Z ds lEcUèkesa crk;kA nksuksa ds chp ckrphr bl izdkj gqbZ %

dfudk % iz'kkUr] bl le; eSa xqtjkr dh ,d izfl) QeZ esa lk>snkj gwa vkSjgekjk O;olk; cgqr vPNk py jgk gSA

iz'kkUr % ;g rks cgqr vPNh ckr gS dfudk] eSa Hkh gthjk ¼bafM;k½ izk- fy- esa,e-Mh- ds :i esa dk;Z dj jgk gwaA ;g iSVªks izksMDV~l fuekZ.khdEifu;ksa esa ls ,d gSA

dfudk % ,e-Mh- lquuk vPNk yxrk gSA esjs lk>snkj Hkh ,d yEcs le; lslk>snkjh QeZ dks izkbZosV fy- dEiuh esa cnyus dh lksp jgs gSa]ysfdu vHkh dqN fuf'pr ugha gS fd ;g lEHko gksxk ;k ugha vkSjfQj ;g lk>snkjh ls fHkUu Hkh gksxhA

iz'kkUr % fpUrk dh dksbZ ckr ugha gSA eSa rqEgsa blds lHkh igyqvksa ds ckjs esacrkÅ¡xkA

vkSj ckrphr tkjh jgrh gSA

vfHku;u


O;kolkf;d laxBuksa ds izdkj · O;olk; v/;;u 131 ekWM~;wy&2 O;olkf;d laxBu fVIi.kh 5.3,dy LokfeRo O;olk; xksiky LFkkuh; cktkj esa ,d fdjkus dh nqdku pykrk gSA og Fkksd cktkj ls lkeku

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