Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Core In-Service November 13, 2008 10:00-11:30 a.m. Infant and Toddler Development Part 3: 6 to 18 Months Debbie.

Infant and Toddler Development Part 3: 6 to 18 Months Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Core In-Service November 13, 2008 10:00-11:30 a.m.

Oklahoma Cooperative Extension ServiceCore In-Service November 13, 2008 10:00-11:30 a.m.

Infant and Toddler DevelopmentPart 3: 6 to 18 MonthsDebbie Richardson, M.S.Parenting Assistant Extension SpecialistHuman Development & Family ScienceOklahoma State University Introduction2Welcome

Centra Instructions

Overview of In-service

Resource Materials

11.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. RichardsonGrowth charts

2In-Service Objective3Extension Educators will be able to describe growth, tasks, behaviors, and abilities of infants from six through 18 months including physical, cognitive, social and emotional development.

11.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. RichardsonFocus on normative or typical development.3Integrating the Domains Cognitive Physical Social Emotional

411.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson

The domains mutually influence each other.47-9 Months511.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson7-9 Months11.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson6PhysicalMoro (startle) reflex disappearsTeethingGaining weight at slower rate about 1 lb/monthBladder and bowel systems becoming more regulated.

7-9 MonthsGross MotorRolls over both waysSits alone steadyScooting, crawlingPull self to standMovements becoming well integrated and automatic


RememberGeneral time ranges may vary from child to child.Typical development

Develop top/head to bottom/feet; from center outward; simple to complex77-9 MonthsFine MotorUses forefinger to poke objectsPincer grasp - Picks up small object with thumb & forefingerFeeds self cracker or cookieAttempts to secure 3rd cube without dropping 2 othersThrows or shakes objects


87-9 MonthsCognitiveVisual acuity close to adults. Developing depth perception. Works to get desired object out of reach.Using toys in more complex ways.Objects or resists if a toy is taken away.Looks at correct picture when object is named.Practices & repeats activities, especially cause & effect.

911.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. RichardsonShowing curiosity toward environment.

Behavior is becoming more purposeful.

Example: may drop rattle so someone will pick it up. 97-9 MonthsCognitive (contd)Expanding awareness of relationship of own actions to environment (4-8 mo.)Uncovers a hidden object. Looks for object in place they first found it after seeing it hidden, even if they later see it moved to another place (8-12 mo.)Attains object permanence (constancy), awareness that objects exist when not seen (8-12 mo.)Combining schemas to achieve a desired effect; earliest form of problem-solving (8-12 mo.)

1011.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson107-9 MonthsLanguageSounds like ga, ba, goo (1 syllable) then like mama, dada. Putting consonants & vowels together.Understands no and own name (9-10 mo.)Use many sounds, gestures, facial expressions to communicate what they want.Imitates others speech sounds, facial expressions.Responds to simple commands.

1111.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. RichardsonDaDa comes first usually.

Babbling reflects sounds of language to which child is exposed.

Nonverbal & verbal

117-9 MonthsSocial-EmotionalSmiles and responds to own face in mirror.Plays peek-a-boo. Exchanges smiles, gestures, and sounds back & forth. Pushes away unwanted things.Can distinguish between familiar person & stranger.Fears strangers, sudden, unexpected, looming objects (7-12 mo.)Separation anxiety; concerned or cries when mom/dad leaves.


Likes watching people, being played with, talked to, held.

May act shy or anxious with strangers.

More interaction in play and games.1210-12 Months1311.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson10-12 MonthsGross MotorCrawl to get something they want, grab it, or push away barrier to it. Stands alone.Walks around playpen or furniture while holding on (cruising).Takes first steps with encouragement. Holds arms up for balance. Some may be walking well. Some may prefer crawling still.Throws objects to practice ungrasping.


10-12 MonthsFine MotorFinger feeds self.Picks up spoon by handle. Can do simple things with a spoon such as bang or dip repeatedly.Tries to imitate scribbling.Picks up 2 small objects in one hand.Moves thumbs and fingers into positions appropriate to size of object trying to grasp.Turns pages of books a few at a time.


Pincer grasp more precise.15By about 12 MonthsCognitionFollows a fast moving object.Convergence of vision results in simple depth perception.Starts being able to look for object moved to another place than they first found it.Means-end behavior: crawls or walks to get what they want, pulls string toys.Demonstrates use of objects without knowing their names.Pretending begins.Uses trial & error to solve problems (starts using thought).

1611.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson10-12 MonthsLanguageAssociates names with objects.Says first word, usually label for something.Turns to person speaking when his/her name is called.Tries to imitate animal sounds.Associates meaning to some words. Understanding several words of speech and some common phrases.Communicative functions: requests & commands.Understands simple instructions and no-no.Turns pages of book and can point to some objects.


1st word: 10-14 mo.1710-12 MonthsSocial-EmotionalIntensely preoccupied with primary caregiver (9-12 mo.)Fear of strangers, sudden, looming objects continues.May act subdued in new situations.Shows some cooperation & help when being dressed.Experience & interpret emotions at the same time.May develop attachment to a toy or object.Demonstrates affection. Waves bye-bye.


May make brief exploratory journeys away from parents in familiar settings.

1810-12 MonthsSocial-EmotionalImitates people in play.Plays peek-a-boo, patty cake, other social games.Uses a few gestures one after another to get needs met (giving, showing, reaching, pointing). Communicates emotions more clearly showing moods, ambivalence, levels of feeling.Shouts for attention. Shows pleasure in achievement.Give & take play; social referencing.

1911.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. RichardsonBy 12 Months11.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson20Physical BodyHas tripled birthweight50% greater birth length6-8 teethAnterior fontanel (front soft spot on head) is nearly closedBabinski reflex (foot fanning out) is gone

13-15 Months2111.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson13-15 MonthsGross MotorWalks alone; some may be uneasy and few steps, others more stable; learning to walk backwards and sideways.Claps hands.Climbs on chairs or other furniture.Pushes objects and pulls string toy.Throws ball or object.Carries toys while walking.Crawls upstairs, maybe with support.


Walking may be between 10-20 months.

Constantly in motion.

Tests physical abilities.

2213-15 MonthsCognitionPerceives causality and more complex circum-stances involving a chain of several events (starts about 10 mo.)Begins to appreciate causal relations external to themselves.Deliberate variation of problem-solving means; experiments to see what the consequences will be.Very curious.2311.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. RichardsonFor example, may squeeze a rubber duck when it squeaks to see whether it will squeak again.

Beginning to understand symbols and ideas, not just concrete things they can see and feel.

Begins to use objects in new and creative ways.

2313-15 Months11.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson24Cognition (contd)Attends to a book or toy for about 2 minutes.May engage in symbolic imitative play (pretend play but initiated and guided by another child/adult).Purposeful exploration of toys through trial & error; uses a variety of motor skills.Hands toy to adult if unable to operate.

Pretend play helps develop important intellectual skills and creativity.2413-15 MonthsLanguageUnderstands symbolic function of naming.Uses more elaborate and symbolic gestures.Points to objects, pictures, & family (12-17 mo.).Answers simple questions nonverbally (12-17 mo.)Hands object to you when asked.May overextend word meanings (all older adults are grandpa).Exhibits communicative functions: request, command, personal protesting, labeling, response, and greeting.

2511.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. RichardsonBy about 15 Months11.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson26LanguageFollows simple 1 or 2 step directions without gestures.Uses and understands at least 3 words such as mama, bottle, bye-bye.Says 2-3 simple words to name a person or object.Context dependent single words - uses or labels only in certain situations but not others; word seems to come & go in vocabulary.Points accurately to 1 or 2 body parts, clothing items.Imitates adult speech.

13-15 MonthsSocial-EmotionalUses objects to play similar to adults using them.Plays alone on floor with toys. Possessive with toys, people, objects.Approaches other children, imitates.Wants stuffed animal, doll, or blanket in bed.Enjoys being held and read to.Needs and expects routines.


Like spoons in mouth, bang with hammers.

Sharing is very difficult.2713-15 Months11.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson28Social-EmotionalExchanges many back & forth smiles, gestures, sounds in a row. Gives kisses.Uses sounds, pointing or showing gestures to draw attention to something of interest, or to get needs met.Explores environment using people most attached to as a secure base. Prefers some people over others.Fears may include: dark, high places, pain, animals, strange persons, places, objects.May become angry when told No.Affection is shown by hugging, kissing, following adult from room to room.

Fears are short-lived when parents/caregivers are understanding and provide reassurance. 2816-18 Months2911.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson2916-18 MonthsGross MotorCreeps or crawls up 4 stairs without help; then step up/down stairs with assistance.Walks alone; decreases using arms for balance; walks backwards.Pulls toys behind while walking.Attempts to kick a ball by walking into it, then using foot to kick forward.Throws ball in intended direction.Trots or walks fast; begins to run stiffly.

3011.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. RichardsonLikes to push, pull, and dump things.

Enjoys flushing toliets and closing doors.

3016-18 MonthsFine MotorScoops food, feeds self with spoon with minimal spilling.Takes off some articles of clothing with help.Places 3 pegs in pegboard; towers 3-4 blocks.Scribbles spontaneously; imitates crayon stroke.Cooperates in handwashing.Learning to brush teeth with help.Turns single pages.3111.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson

More self-help actions.

Might pull off hat, socks.

Likes to poke, twist, and squeeze things.

Enjoys carrying small objects while walking, often one in each hand.

3116-18 MonthsCognitionIdentifies shoe, clothing, object, body part.Starting to sort toys by categories.Continuing to experiment with problem-solving and consequences.Demonstrates functional use of objects toward objects.Likes to take things apart.Autosymbolic play pretends to go to sleep or eat.


3216-18 MonthsCognitionUses most common objects and toys appropriately.Tool use emergingMay find hidden toys (in a box or under cloth).Begins symbolic representation: images & words come to stand for familiar objects; new means of problem solving through symbolic combinations.3311.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson

Manipulating objects - use a stick to reach a toy.3316-18 MonthsLanguageResponds to requests for play actions (push car, kiss doll)Follows directions with 1, 2, maybe 3 steps.Asks for more; says all gone, oh-oh, hi, byeSays several single words; may connect 2 words.Vocabulary spurt: comprehends/says 5-15 words, expands to about 20, then 50+.Understands a lot more than can say.

3411.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. RichardsonLearning new words every day.3416-18 MonthsLanguageUses at least 4 different consonants in babbling words.Uses lots of gestures with words to get needs met.Names object.Repeats words overheard in conversation.Beginning true verbal communication: words follow functional and semantic relations.3511.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. RichardsonPointing and taking you by hand saying he/she wants juice.3516-18 MonthsSocial-EmotionalEnjoys playing with other children.Imitates other children at play.Initiates social contacts with peer in play.Greets people with hi.Imitates housework.Shows preferences.Shows signs of empathy.Wish for independence is strong.


Safety Greater movement, explorationChild-proofingBlocking areas stairs, outsideCar restraintsPoisonsWaterConstant monitoring


Motor skills are really starting to take off opens whole new world of exploration.Dont yet have impulse control to stop themselves.

37RoutinesToddlers thrive on regularity. Major changes to routine are challenging.

Need regular nap, bed, bath, snack, and meal times.


Sense of security38

Wrap-up39Questions

Discussion

In-service evaluation

Follow-up

Next Session covers 18-36 months: November 18 11.13.2008 Infant-Toddler Dev 3, D. Richardson

Submit questions or comments about this session or for next session.

Post-session assignment: Pick one or more child development or parent ed curriculum or other learning materials. Look for and/or determine the theoretical framework(s).

Post recording of session. 39References40In addition to the provided resource materials listed on the in-service agenda, various textbooks and other reference materials used for this presentation are available upon request.


Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service Core In-Service November 13, 2008 10:00-11:30 a.m. Infant and Toddler Development Part 3: 6 to 18 Months Debbie.

Documents

infanttoddler dev

toddler developmentpart

desired object

hidden object

emotional development

typical development

small object

object permanence constancy