OISD STD-114 (2002) Hazardous Chemicals and Their Handling

OISD-STANDARD-114

First Edition July 1998

Amended Edition October 2002

FOR RESTRICTED

CIRCULATION

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS AND THEIR HANDLING

Prepared by

COMMITTEE ON

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS AND THEIR HANDLING (Amended Edition - October 2002)

OIL INDUSTRY SAFETY DIRECTORATE 7th Floor, New Delhi House

27-Barakhamba Road New Delhi - 110001

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NOTES

OISD Publications are prepared for use in the Oil and Gas Industry under Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. These are the property of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas and shall not be reproduced or copied and loaned or exhibited to others without written consent from OISD. Though every effort has been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in these documents, OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from their use. These documents are intended only to supplement and not to replace the prevailing statutory requirements. Note 1 in superscript indicates the changes / modifications / additions as approved in 20th Safety Council Meeting held in October 2002.

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FOREWORD

The Oil Industry in India is more than 100 years old. As such, a variety of practices have been in vogue because of collaboration / association with different foreign companies and governments. Standardisation in design philosophies and operating and maintenance practices at a national level was hardly in existence. This, coupled with feed back from some serious accidents that occurred in the recent past in India and abroad, emphasised the need for the industry to review the existing state-of-the-art in designing, operating and maintaining oil and gas installations. With this in view, the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas in 1986 constituted a Safety Council assisted by the Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) staffed from within the industry for formulating and implementing a series of self regulatory measures aimed at removing obsolescence, standardising and upgrading the existing standards to ensure safer operations. Accordingly, OISD constituted a number of technical committees comprising of experts nominated from the industry to draw up standards and guidelines on various subjects. The present document “Standard on Hazardous Chemicals and their Handling” was prepared by the Committee on “Hazardous Chemicals”. This document was prepared based on the accumulated experience and knowledge of industry members, and various national and international codes and practices. This document will be reviewed periodically for improvements based on the new experiences and better understanding. Suggestions from industry members may be addressed to:

The Coordinator Committee on “Hazardous Chemicals”

Oil Industry Safety Directorate, 7th Floor, New Delhi House

27-Barakhamba Road New Delhi 110001

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COMMITTEE

ON

HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

NAME ORGANISATION LEADER Shri C. I. Roy Cochin Refineries Ltd. MEMBERS Shri D. K. Kantak Lubrizol India Ltd. Shri A. K. Somchoudhury Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Shri N. K. Jindal Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd. Shri R. Balasubramaniam Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Shri R. C. Pandey Bongaigaon Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd Shri R. K. Modi Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. Shri N. R. Pal Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. MEMBER COORDINATOR Shri Anujit Ghatak Oil Industry Safety Directorate

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 SCOPE 3.0 DEFINITION 4.0 EXPLANATORY NOTES 5.0 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES 6.0 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR SAFE STORAGE, HANDLING AND DISPOSAL 7.0 HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS HANDLED IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY 7.1 ACETIC ACID

7.2 ACETYLENE

7.3 ALKYL PHENOL

7.4 AMMONIA

7.5 BENZENE

7.6 BENZOYL PEROXIDE

7.7 BUTANE

7.8 CARBON DISULPHIDE

7.9 CARBON MONOXIDE

7.10 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

7.11 CHLORINE

7.12 ETHYL AMINE

7.13 ETHYL MERCAPTAN

7.14 FORMALIN

7.15 FURFURAL

7.16 GLYCERINE

7.17 HEXANE

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7.18 HYDRAZINE

7.19 HYDROCHLORIC ACID

7.20 HYDROFLUORIC ACID

7.21 HYDROGEN

7.22 HYDROGEN SULPHIDE

7.23 ISOBUTYLENE

7.24 LPG

7.25 MALEIC ANHYDRIDE

7.26 METHANOL

7.27 METHYL ETHYL KETONE

7.28 METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE

7.29 MTBE

7.30 NMP

7.31 PENTANE

7.32 PHENOL

7.33 PHOSPHORUS PENTASULPHIDE

7.34 POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE

7.35 PROPANE

7.36 SODIUM DICHROMATE

7.37 SODIUM HYDROXIDE

7.38 SULPHUR DIOXIDE

7.39 SULPHUR

7.40 SULPHURIC ACID

7.41 SULPHUR CHLORIDE

7.42 SULPHUR DICHLORIDE

7.43 SULPHUR TRIOXIDE

7.44 SULPHOLANE

7.45 TOLUENE

7.46 TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL

7.47 TETRAETHYL LEAD

7.48 XYLENE

8.0 REFERENCES

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HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS AND THEIR HANDLING 1.0 INTRODUCTION

In the Petroleum and Natural Gas Production and Processing Industry, a number of hazardous chemicals are required to be stored and handled in appreciable quantities. In view of the stringent product quality requirement, various complex processes are introduced involving the handling of hazardous chemicals. Some additives are sometimes introduced to meet the quality requirement of various petroleum products. These chemicals pose various types of hazards like flammability, toxicity, explosivity, corrosivity etc.

Inadequate awareness about the hazardous properties of these chemicals may lead to serious accidents which will affect the men at work and the environment . The present standard will help in facilitating the safe storage and handling of hazardous chemicals and in reducing the number of accidents and occupational diseases.

2.0 SCOPE

This standard deals with the hazardous chemicals used in Petroleum and Natural Gas production, processing and transportation facilities including those listed in The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules 1989 and The Factories Act. This standard does not include hazardous chemicals namely chemical dust, laboratory chemicals, proprietary chemicals and radioactive materials. The safety data sheets appended as schedule 1 have been prepared as per the proforma given in Schedule 9 of Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989.

3.0 DEFINITION 3.1 SYNONYMS: For common chemicals, several chemical names and numerous trade names may be applied to describe the chemical in question In synonyms field, many of these names are identified to aid users on the range of names which have been used to describe each substance. 3.2 CAS NO. : Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number is a numeric designation assigned by American Chemical Society’s Chemical Abstracts Service and uniquely identifies a specific chemical compound. This entry allows one to conclusively identify a material regardless of the name or naming system used. 3.3 UN NUMBER: The united nations number is a four figure code used to identify hazardous chemicals and is used for identification of chemicals transported internally by road, rail and by air. 3.4 Hazardous Waste ID. No. : This means the categories of wastes specified in the schedule in The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989

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3..5 FLAMMABLE CHEMICALS

Flammable Gases : Chemicals which in the gaseous state at normal pressure and mixed with air become flammable and the boiling point of which at normal pressure is 20oC or below.

Highly Flammable Liquids : Chemicals which have a flash point lower than 23 o C and boiling point of which at normal pressure is above 20 oC. 3.6 FLAMMABLE (EXPLOSIVE) LIMIT AND RANGE In the case of gases or vapour, which form flammable mixtures with air, there is a minimum concentration of vapour in air below which the propagation of flame does not occur in contact with a source of ignition. This is called Lower Explosive Limit (LEL). Similarly, there is a maximum concentration of vapour above which the propagation of flame does not occur on contact with a source of ignition. This is called Upper Explosive Limit (UEL). This range of minimum to maximum concentration is termed as Flammable (Explosive) range. The flammable limits are not appreciably changed by normal variations in atmospheric pressure and temperature. However, at high temperatures, the upper limit is raised and the lower limit lowered, resulting in greater flammable or explosive range. The effect of high pressures on the limits is different for each gas or vapour depending upon its nature. 3.7 TDG FLAMMABILITY Transport of dangerous goods flammability is used in Canada and is based on Classification of dangerous goods by UN Committee of experts on transport of danger goods. The classes indicated are 2, 3, 4 and 5 which are same as indicated in The Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1989. 3.8 FLASH POINT The minimum temperature at which the liquid gives so much vapour that this vapour, when mixed with air, forms an ignitable mixture and gives a momentary flash on application of a small pilot flame under specified conditions of test. 3.9 AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE The lowest temperature at which ignition occurs in a mixture of explosive gas and air when the method specified in IS: 7820-1975 is followed.

3.10 EXPLOSIVES Chemicals which may explode under the effect of flame, heat or photo chemical condition or which are more sensitive to shocks or friction than Di-Nitro Benzene.

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3.11 CORROSIVE CHEMICALS Chemicals, which will cause damage to the living tissue and/or chemically attack metallic containers and structures are corrosive chemicals. 3.12 OXIDISING SUBSTANCES (OXIDISER): Oxidising substances means a chemical that initiates or promote combustion in other materials, thereby causing fire either of itself or through release of oxygen or other gases. 3.13 PYROPHORIC SUBSTANCES Chemicals which are so reactive that on contact with air and its moisture, oxidation/ hydrolysis occurs at such a rate so as to cause ignition. Some of these reactions liberate flammable gases. 3.14 ORGANIC PEROXIDES Organic peroxide means an organic compound that contains the bivalent –o-o- structure and which may be considered to be a structural derivative of hydrogen peroxide where one or both of hydrogen atoms has been replaced by an organic radical. 3.15 TOXIC CHEMICALS Chemicals having the following values of acute toxicity and which owing to their physical & chemical properties, are capable of producing major accident hazards : Medium lethal dose Medium lethal dose Medium lethal concentration by oral route (oral toxicity) by the dermal route by inhalation route (four hrs.) LD50 (mg/kg body (dermal toxicity)LD50 LC50 ( mg/l inhalation in weight of test (mg/kg body weight test animals) animals) of test animals) 1. Extremely toxic 1-50 1-200 0.1-0.5 2. Highly toxic 51-500 201-2000 0.5-2.0

3.16 INCOMPATIBLE CHEMICALS These are chemical substances which in contact with each other cause hazardous reactions which may be violent or produce toxic materials. 3.17 TLV (THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUE)

The term refers to concentrations of air contaminants in the working environment to which it is believed, nearly all workers may be exposed repeatedly day after day without adverse effect. Normally, it is the time weighted average concentration in ppm or gm/m3 for a normal 8-hour work day or 40 hour workweek. Excursions above this limit may occur if they are compensated during the workday, by equivalent excursion below the limit.

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3.18 STEL (SHORT TERM EXPOSURE LIMIT) It is defined as a 15 minutes time weighted average exposure, which should not be exceeded at any time during a workday even if the 8 hours time weighted average is within the TLV. Exposure at the STEL should not be longer than 15 minutes and should not be repeated more than four times per day. There should be at least 60 minutes interval between successive exposures at the STEL. An averaging period other than 15 minutes may be recommended when this is warranted by observed biological effects. 4.0 EXPLANATORY NOTES 4.1 NUMBERING THE NFPA PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF HAZARD NFPA pictorial representations consist of a diamond as shown in the figure below, divided into 4 parts. These parts, starting from left block (in clockwise direction), represent Health Hazard, Flammability Hazard, Reactivity Hazard and Space for additional information such as water reactivity, oxidant and radiation hazard. The colour codes for these hazards are : blue for health, red for flammability, yellow for reactivity and colourless for additional information. The intensity of hazard is grouped into five classes with numerical indications as 0, 1, 2, 3 & 4 in the ascending order of hazard intensity. In the following lines, these hazard intensities are explained, with the numeral on the left indicating the hazard intensity.

4.1.1 HEALTH

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4 A few whiffs of the gas or vapour could cause death or the gas, vapour or liquid could be fatal on penetrating the fire fighters normal full protective clothing which is designed for resistance to heat. For most chemicals having a Health 4 rating, the normal full protective clothing available to the average fire department will not provide adequate protection against skin contact with these materials. Only special protective clothing designed to protect against the specific hazard should be worn. 3 Materials extremely hazardous to health, but areas may be entered with extreme care. Full protective clothing, including self- contained breathing apparatus, rubber gloves, boots and bands around legs, arms and waist should be provided. No skin surface should be exposed. 2 Materials hazardous to health, but areas may be entered freely with self-contained breathing apparatus. 1 Materials only slightly hazardous to health. It may be desirable to wear self-contained breathing apparatus. 0 Materials which on exposure under fire conditions would offer no health hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. 4.1.2 FLAMMABILITY 4 Very flammable gases, very volatile flammable liquids, and materials that in the form of dusts or mists readily form explosive mixtures when dispersed in air. Shut off flow of gas or liquid and keep cooling water streams on exposed tanks or containers. Use water spray carefully in the vicinity of dusts so as not to create dust clouds. 3 Liquids, which can be ignited under almost, all normal temperature conditions. Water may be ineffective on these liquids because of their low flash points. Solids which form coarse dusts, solids in shredded or fibrous form that create flash fires, solids that burn rapidly, usually because they contain their own oxygen, and any material that ignites spontaneously at normal temperatures in air. 2 Liquids which must be moderately heated before ignition will occur and solids that readily give off flammable vapours. Water spray may be used to extinguish the fire because the material can be cooled to below its flash point. 1 Materials that must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Water may cause frothing of liquids with this flammability rating number if it gets below the surface of the liquid and turns to steam. However, water spray gently applied to the surface will cause a frothing which will extinguish the fire. Most combustible solids have flammability rating of 1. 0 Materials that will not burn.

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4.1.3 REACTIVITY 4 Materials which in themselves are readily capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or explosive reaction at normal temperatures and pressures. Includes materials, which are sensitive to mechanical or localized thermal shock. If a chemical with this hazard rating is in an advanced or massive fire, the area should be evacuated. 3 Materials which in themselves are capable of detonation or of explosive decomposition or of explosive reaction but which require a strong initiating source or which must be heated under confinement before initiation. Includes materials which are sensitive to thermal or mechanical shock at elevated temperature and pressure or which react explosively with water without requiring of confinement. Fire fighting should be done from an explosion-resistant location. 2 Materials which in themselves are normally unstable and readily undergo violent chemical change but do not detonate. Includes materials which can undergo chemical change with rapid release of energy at normal temperatures and pressures or which can undergo violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures. Also includes those materials which may react violently with water or which may form potentially explosive mixtures with water. In advanced or massive fires, fire fighting should be done from a protected location. 1 Materials which in themselves are normally stable but which may become unstable at elevated temperature and pressure or which may react with water with some release of energy but not violently. Caution must be used in approaching the fire and applying water. 0 Materials which are normally stable even under fire exposure conditions and which are not reactive with water. Normal fire fighting procedures may be used. Explanation for bottom space (Colourless) : The bottom space is primarily used to identify unusual reactivity with water. With a line through its centre alerts fire fighting personnel to the possible hazard in use of water. This bottom space may also be used to identify a radiation hazard by the symbol. Oxidising chemicals are identified in the bottom space, as OXY. 4.2 HAZCHEM CODE: This is an emergency action code for fire and spillage. The significance of the letters and the numbers indicated in this code are as under:

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5.0 CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES

The hazardous substances are classified into eight classes. These are as under :

CLASS 1 EXPLOSIVES CLASS 2 GASES, COMPRESSED LIQUEFIED

DISSOLVED OR DEEPLY REFRIGERATED, INFLAMMABLE GASES, POISON (TOXIC) GASES.

CLASS 3 INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

CLASS 4 INFLAMMABLE SOLIDS, SUBSTANCES LIABLE TO SPONTANEOUS CONBUSTION; SUBSTANCES WHICH ON CONTACT WITH WATER EMIT INFLAMMABLE GASES.

Division 4.1 Inflammable solids Division 4.2 Substances liable to spontaneous combustion. Division 4.3 Substances, which in contact with water, emit inflammable gases. CLASS 5 OXIDISING SUBSTANCES Division 5.1 oxidizing substances Division 5.2 Organic peroxides CLASS 6 POISONOUS (TOXIC) AND INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES Division 6.1 Poisonous (toxic) substances Division 6.2 Infectious substances CLASS 7 RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CLASS 8 CORROSIVES

For details of their pictorial representation, the Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989 may be referred.

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6.0 GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR SAFE STORAGE, HANDLING AND

DISPOSAL Note 1

6.1 AWARENESS OF OPERATING STAFF

Safety at storage and handling of hazardous chemicals depends on a considerable extent on effective safety education / training following safety procedures and efficient supervision. The operating staff must be aware of the hazards involved, the location and operation of safety equipment.

6.2 STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 6.2.1 STORAGE IN BULK

Utmost care is necessary in ensuring proper and safe storage facility for hazardous chemicals. The following points should be given due weightage to avoid any mishap. (i) Attempt should be made to find suitable less hazardous alternate

chemicals, to replace the hazardous chemical. The inventory of all hazardous chemicals for that matter must be kept as minimum as possible.

(ii) The tanks should be located so as not to pose safety problems due to

leakage and reaction with other chemicals stored nearby. The environment at the location must be compatible with the chemical stored.

The storage area should be declared as a prohibited area and should be provided with fencing having at least two exits / “No Smoking” and/or “Prohibited Area” display boards, as applicable should be provided at site.

(a) Oxidising Agents : Oxidising substances must be stored away

from all flammable materials even if they are only slightly flammable. Oxidising material must be kept away from substance which are reducing agents.

(b) Water Sensitive Substances : These substances react with water

or steam to produce flammable or explosive gases and evolve heat, eg.. Conc. acids like sulphuric acid, glacial ethnoic acid etc. Conc. Alkali like sodium hydroxide react with water later to evolve heat. Such materials must not be stored in areas where water flooding from pipe leakages or leaky roofs can happen.

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(c) Toxic Substances : These substances must be stored in well ventilated areas, preferably cool and certainly away from direct sun rays. Periodic checks should be organised for all parts of storage areas. Extremely toxic substances like TEL (Tetra Ethyl Lead) must be stored separately under strict security.

(d) Incompatible Chemicals : Incompatible chemicals should not be

stored near each other.

(e) Corrosive Chemicals : The flooring of the area where corrosive chemicals are stored, shall be impervious and made of corrosion resistant materials.

(iii) The storage tank and foundation should be of suitable material of

construction to prevent corrosion. (iv) The connections and openings to the tank should be as minimum as

possible so that the possibility of leakage and maintenance hazards are minimized.

(v) The tanks should be fitted with vents/relief systems of adequate

capacity discharging to a safe height. Capacity requirement in case of high vapour evolution resulting from heating due to fire of adjacent tank also should be considered. Wherever atmospheric release of the vapour is not advisable, the relief should be routed to a neutralising system. Flame arrestors are recommended for the vents of atmospheric storage tanks containing Class A (flash point less than 23 degree centigrade) chemicals. The location of flame arrestor must be easily accessible for periodic inspection to ensure that flame arrestor is free of any choking.

(vi) The tank should have provision for emergency evacuation of its stock

to a safer location in case of emergency like fire, tank failure etc. using suitable pump out system. Use of double isolation valve – gate and globe valve in series on the drain outline is recommended.

(vii) Each storage tank should have necessary instruments to monitor its

level, pressure and temperature preferably with remote indications at control room or field operators cabins. Abnormal rise in level / pressure / temperature should alert control room by alarm. Quite often, the level gauges pose problems of choking, leakage from drain connections, leakage from broken gauge glasses leading to accidents. Hence, it is suggested to have guarded, illuminated level gauges. Level gauges should have provision for in-situ cleaning.

Wherever possible any leakage of hazardous chemicals must be detected and alarm should be annunciated at control room.

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(vii) The tank should have a dyke of suitable material (compatible with the chemical) of volume equal to the volume of the larger storage tank. The dyke should have facility to: (a) drain off rain water into storm water channel ; (b) route high volume spillage / leakage to suitable neutralizing pit

nearby ; (c) discharge safe effluent to oily water system, as applicable. The isolation valves on dyke drains should be located outside the dyke.

(ix) Fire access roads should be provided to storage area. The storage tanks / area should have suitable fire protection and fire fighting facility.

(x) Adequate communication facility like public address / telephone must be

made available for interacting with control room, fire stations, medical units etc.

(xi) The name of chemical, type of hazard, emergency operational

instructions, antidote first aid etc. should be displayed near each tank.

(xii) Electrical Safety : All cables and electric fittings shall be constructed, installed, protected, operated and maintained in such a manner so as to prevent risk of open sparking.

6.2.2 STORAGE OF CHEMICALS IN DRUMS / OTHER CONTAINER

This section has to be read in continuation with previous section (5.2.1) as most of the above guidelines for bulk storage apply to drums / others containers storage. In fact, drum storage of hazardous chemicals (liquids) pose potential hazard compared to bulk storage in that (a) each drum of a cluster of drum can become a source of leakage; (b) the drums normally being less resistant to fire would collapse faster escalating and spreading of fire to other drums of the stack. Hence following guidelines Shall be considered in addition to those discussed in 5.2.1 :

(i) The drums should never be filled full with the liquid chemical. There

should be sufficient ullage to take care of thermal expansion.

(ii) The drums should preferably be stored in a well ventilated shed (preferably away from process units) with impermeable floor sloping away from drums.

(iii) There should be provision to collect accidental spills for safe disposal.

(iv) The drums should be stacked in a single tier with the bung (lid) up in

an orderly manner so that all parts of the storage space are accessible.

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(v) Empty drums should be removed away and made free of its contents before being kept in safe place.

(vi) Periodic site inspection should be carried out to ensure that there is no

leakage from any of the drums.

(vii) Where combustible solid materials are stored, the dust content of the air must be kept below the lower explosive limit. Efficient dust collection system and good house keeping should be ensured.

6.2.3 STORAGE OF COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDERS

The nature of chemical gas apart, the high pressure of storage amplifies the hazard of the storage gas cylinders. Following are the recommended guidelines for storage of cylinders : (i) Cylinders should be protected adequately from variation in

temperatures. They should be stored in cool, dry, well ventilated and covered place away from steam pipes, furnace, boilers or any other potential source of heat. Cylinder should not be kept near gangways / elevators to avoid any hard object striking them.

(ii) Cylinders containing flammable gases and toxic gases shall be kept

separated from each other and from cylinders containing other types of gases be an adequate distance or by a suitable partition wall.

(iii) Cylinders should be properly stacked taking care to prevent knocking,

dropping or rolling of cylinders.

(iv) Cylinder nozzle should be suitably protected against damage. Oil or similar lubricant should not be used on valves or other fittings of cylinders containing gas.

(v) In case of liquefied gas like liquid nitrogen, the cylinders should be

stacked vertical so that in case of defective regulator only gas would escape.

(vi) The cylinder valves should be provided with security cap on the outlet

to act as a secondary means of safeguard. If there is a leak in the valve which cannot be rectified by tightening the gland nut or spindle, the cylinder should be removed to an open space where it is less dangerous to life & property and necessary remedial measures should be taken.

(vii) It is necessary that a} name of chemical ; b) state of chemical as to gas

or liquid ; c) pressure of the contents ; d) date of filling and e) name and address of the source (manufacturer) should be labelled on the cylinders.

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(viii) The due date of test for cylinder is should be marked on the metal ring inserted between the cylinder valve and cylinder neck. If this date is over, the cylinder should not be accepted.

(ix) For inflammable gases, the cylinder storage area should be made of

non combustible materials and flame proof fittings should be used.

(x) The floor level at storage area should be sufficiently above ground level to prevent water logging and corrosion. Flooring of the storage area should not be wet or muddy.

(xi) Filled and empty cylinders should be tagged and kept separately.

(xii) The storage area should be fenced and marked as Prohibited Area with

NO SMOKING WARNINGS and should have at least two exits.

(xiii) Periodic inspection of cylinders for ascertaining leakage should be made. Automatic gas detectors where applicable should be provided at suitable points so that in case of leakage, alarm is hooted at control room.

(xiv) Emergency kit, safety protective equipment and clothing should be

available in close vicinity to storage area.

(xv) Adequate and suitable fire extinguishers must be available at site. (xvi) For proper identification of the chemical all cylinders shall have the proper colour as Rule 8 of The Gas Cylinders Rules 1981. 6.3 HANDLING OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS 6.3.1 UNLOADING OF TANK TRUCKS / TANK WAGONS

(i) Before the tanker enters the industry premises, the tanker is to be inspected for authorized entry and safe & sound condition of the tanker, its contents and that of the prime mover. Tankers entering plant are to be fitted with flare arresters on their exhaust.

(ii) The quality of the chemical in the tanker should be ascertained before

unloading to avoid contamination of chemical already at storage.

(iii) In case of flammable chemicals, the prime mover (engine) should be kept of. The tanker should be properly blocked from movement before connections are made for unloading hazardous chemicals.

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(iv) In case of flammable chemicals, the unloading point should be located at a safe distance outside the storage dyke. For details, refer OISD-STD-118 on Layout.

(v) Pressurizing with air / inert gas for unloading should be avoided. It is

recommended to use pumps / vacuum systems for unloading. Pumps should preferably be of seal less type and valves should be of glandless types. Solid chemicals in bulk should be handled with lifting machines and conveyors.

(vi) Coupling used for connecting hose to tanker must be leak proof.

Flange connections are preferred. Where threaded connections are used, the threaded portion should be properly preserved against corrosion / wearing of threads and thoroughly inspected before connections are made.

(vii) The unloading hose should be devoid of cracks & blisters and should

be capable of withstanding whatever pressure developed during unloading operation. The hose should be hydro-tested at a frequency guided by experience. Proper records of hydro-test should be maintained.

(viii) Same hose should not be used for unloading different chemicals.

Hoses for different chemicals should be marked with different colour stripes for easy identification.

(ix) For flammable chemicals, the tanker and the hose are to be properly

earthed before starting unloading operation.

(x) Unloading should preferably be done in day time.

(xi) Unloading should be done under personal supervision of responsible staff authorized by the management.

(xii) The operating staff must use suitable personal protective clothing /

equipment. Suitable breathing canisters and first aid box must be available at site for use in case of emergency.

(xiii) Provision of sample quantity of water / neutralizing medium to take

care of leakage / spillage must be made. Also steam and inert gas hose stations must be available at unloading point.

(xiv) There must be adequate illumination at site. Flame proof fittings

should be used wherever necessary.

(xv) The unloading systems should have facility to vent / drain the remaining chemical in the hose to a suitable safe point. The hose should be kept blinded when hot in use. Thermal safety valve discharging to safe disposal or handling facility should be provided.

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(xvi) Before starting unloading, the ullage of the receiving tank should be checked. Care should be taken to avoid overflow of tanks. Gas / chemical leak detection system to sound an alarm at the control room/site may be provided wherever possible, so that quick remedial measures can be taken. Wherever necessary, quick/remote isolation valves should be provided.

(xvii) Fire alarm and fire fighting facility commensurate with the chemical – as mentioned in the data sheet (Chapter 6) should be provided at the unloading point.

(xviii) Effective communication system like public address / telephone must be available for communicating with the control room / fire station / health unit.

6.3.2 UNLOADING OF DRUMS / CONTAINERS

This section should be read in addition to Section 5.3.1 for general precautions (i) Manual handling of drums / containers should be minimized. It is

preferable fork-lifters and suitable cradles are used to handle drums.

(ii) Carboys containing hazardous chemicals should not be subjected to impact.

(iii) Suitable protective clothing should be used while handling drums /

containers and the operators should position himself such that he is in the upwind direction so that even in case of accidental release of chemical, he is safe.

6.3.3 HANDLING OF CYLINDERS

This Section is to be read in addition to Section 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 for certain common guidelines : (i) The cylinder should be checked for proper markings as listed below, if

not in order the cylinder should be returned to the supplier.

(a) Owner’s / manufacturer’s name. (b) Specification to which cylinder has been made. (c) Date of last hydrostatic test. (d) Working pressure and test pressure. (e) Tare weight.

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(f) Water capacity and proper identification colour of the chemical.

(ii) Cylinders should be unloaded using fork-lifter, hoist etc. Manual handling is not recommended. Valve hoods should not be used as supports while unloading.

(iii) Ensure the cylinder is not leaking from valve / body. Ensure that the

cylinder is not dropped / bumped against any other cylinder or hard object.

(iv) For increased flow rate of gas, suitable vaporizer can be used. Direct heating of the cylinder with steam or flame shall not be done.

(v) Pressure gauge and flow measuring device should be used to monitor flow.

(vi) Use non return valve to prevent back flow of process fluid into the partially empty / empty cylinder.

(vii) When the cylinder is not required to be used for a considerable period of time, it should be disconnected from process and kept completely closed, at storage, marked accordingly.

(viii) Once a cylinder is consumed, close the cylinder valve fully first and then the process valve. Gently remove the connection, put an ‘Empty’ label on the cylinder and store at the location specified for empty cylinders.

6.3.4 SAFE DISPOSAL OF EMPTY CONTAINERS OF HAZARDOUS

CHEMICALS Note 1

Safe disposal of empty containers of hazardous chemicals should be done based on guidelines given by the Vendors. 7.0 HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS HANDLED IN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY This section includes safety data sheets of most of the hazardous chemicals being used in Petroleum Industry. The data provided are compiled from various data sources as given in Reference. The identity of the chemical is defined in para 1 of the safety data sheet and important physical and chemical properties of each chemical have been given in para 2 of the safety data sheet. The fire & explosion data, reactivity data, health hazardous data have been given vide para 3, 4 & 5 respectively. The preventive measures and emergency & first aid

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measures and additional informations/references, if any, are given in para 6,7& 8 respectively. Individual data sheets are to be supplemented with the following as item 9 and 10. 9. MANUFACTURER’S / SUPPLIER’S DATA Name of Firm Contact Person in Emergency

Mailing Address Telephone/Telex Nos.: Local Bodies involved. Telegraphic Address : Standard Packing Trem Card Details / Ref. Other

10. DISCLAIMER Information contained in this material data sheet is believed to be reliable but no representation, guarantee or warranties of any kind are made as to its accuracy, suitability for a particular application or results to be obtained from them. It is upto the manufacturer/seller to ensure that the information contained in the material safety data sheet is relevant to the product manufactured or sold by him as the case may be. OISD makes no warranties expressed or implied in respect of the adequacy of this document for any particular purpose.

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7.1 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ACETIC ACID 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: Acetic Acid , glacial Chemical Classification : Organic Acid

Synonyms: Vinegar Acid, Ethanoic Acid, Methanecarboxylic Acid Trade Name: Acetic Acid

Formula: CH3COOH C.A.S.NO. 64-19-7 UN. NO. 2789 Regulated Shipping Name : Acetic Acid, Glacial Identification Codes/Label : Acid, Class 8 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 16 Hazchem Code : Not assigned HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Acetic Acid 64-19-7 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 118 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC 16.63 Vapour pressure Odour: Vinegar like Point @ 35oC mm Hg 14.8 @ 25 oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 2.07 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Soluble in ethanol and ether (Air = 1) soluble Specific Gravity 1.05 pH: 1 M solution is 2.4 (Water = 1) at 20oC

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 5.3% Flash Point oC Not determined (OC) TDG Flammability 3.3 UEL 16.6 % Flash Point oC 40 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 427 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Not determined Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Smoke, CO, Aldehydes & other products of incomplete combustion. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur Combustible Liquid : Yes Explosive Material : No Corrosive Material : Yes Flammable Material : No Oxidiser No Others: Nil Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Material is normally stable at moderate elevated temperature and pressure. Incompatibility with Do not add water to this product. Incompatible to strong alkalis, Oxidising Agents, Amines, Other material Nitric Acid, Chromic Acid, Sodium Peroxide. Reactivity Reacts with bases and oxidising Agents. Hazardous Reaction Smoke, CO, Aldehydes & other products of incomplete combustion. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Ingestion, skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Ingestion: Can produce deep burns. Skin contact: It may cause deep burns. Eye Contact: Cause eye irritation Symptoms Conjunctivitis, Erosion of exposed teeth. Eye contact will cause immediate burns and

possible permanent damage.

Emergency Treatment: Eye contact: Irrigate with water immediately for at least 15 miniutes including under eyelids. Skin Contact: Wash immediately with copious water. Inhalation : Remove victim to fresh air, rinse mouth and nasal passage, administer artificial Respiration or oxygen. Ingestion: Rinse mouth. Give 3 glasses of milk or water. Do not intubate stomach or stimulate

vomiting. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 3310 mg/kg L.D50

Permissible 10 ppm 25 mg/m3 Odour Threshold 1.0 ppm 24 mg/mg3

Exposure Limit TLV (ACGIH) 10 ppm 25 mg/m3 STEL 15 ppm 37 mg/m3

NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity Special 2 2 1

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6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Rubber gloves, apron to prevent skin contact. Splash proof goggles or face shields. Gas tight Equipment goggles to prevent vapour irritation. Eyewash Station and Showers, Respirators. Handling and Storage Use with adequate ventilation. Exhaust ducts for ventilation should be acid proof. Precautions Detached storage preferred. Store in sealed containers away from oxydising agents and

combustible material. Prevent eye, skin contact as this acid is highly corrosive to body tissuses. Suspected areas of high acetic acid concentrations or variable concentration should be tested before employee exposure. Keep above freezeing point as this material expands on solidification and can break glass container.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Use water spray, Dry chemical powder, Alcohol foam or CO2. Use water to keep fire exposed containers cool. Fire fighters should wear

self contained breathing apparatus to protect against suffocating and corrosive vapours.

Unusual Hazards Toxic fumes, gases or vapours may evolve on burning. The vapours may

be heavier than air and may travel along the ground to a distant ignition source and flash back. Container may rupture on heating.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures: As mentioned in Health Hazard Data Antidotes/Dosages: Not known SPILLS Steps to be taken Evacuate all non-essential personnel. PPE must be worn. Waste Disposal Method Disposal of waste by incineration or dispose of neutralised waste

in a land fill. Follow local regulation.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Keep away from potential source of ignition. Store in well ventilated area. Open container in a well ventilated area. Avoid breathing vapours. Keep containers closed when not in use. Wash thoroughly after handling. Launder contaminated clothing before reuse. Empty containers retain material residue should not be cut braze, solder, drill , grind or expose container to heat, flame, spark or other source of ignition.

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7.2 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ACETYLENE

1. CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : ACETYLENE Chemical Classification : Flammable/Reactive

Synonyms: Ethyne Ethine Trade Name : Acetylene

Formula C2H2 C.A.S.NO.74-86-2 UN. No. 1001 Regulated Shipping Name : Acetylene Identification Codes/Label : Red gas label, Flammable Gas, Class2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 2 SE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Acetone 666-52-4 2. Acetylene 74-86-2

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC - 84.0 Physical State : Gaseous Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC - 81.3 Vapour pressure Odour: Garlic like Point @ 35oC 30400 mm Hg ________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density 0.910 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Very soluble in alcohol , Acetone, (Air = 1) Soluble Almost miscible in ether. Specific Gravity 0.613 pH Neutral (Water = 1) at – 80 oC

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 2.5 % Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability 2.2 UEL 82.0% Flash Point oC -32 oC (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC 305.0 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact High Explosion Sensitivity to Static High Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Acetylides Hazardous Polymerization Not known Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material Yes Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Oxygen, Chlorine and Fluorine. other material. Reactivity Copper, silver and mercury. Hazardous Reaction Forms explosive compounds. May explode violently when mixed with chlorine Products or fluorine.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation. Effects of Exposure/ Dizziness, drowsiness and suffocation. Death from smothering may occur if oxygen Symptoms content of the air is severely reduced by dilution with acetylene.

Emergency Treatment Breathing assistance and medical attention. L.D50 Not listed mg/Kg

Permissible Not applicable ppm mg/m3 Odour Threshold Not applicable. ppm mg/m3

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) Not applicable ppm mg/m3 STEL Not applicable ppm mg/m3

NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity/Stability Special 1 4 3

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES

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Personal Protective Suitable breathing apparatus, industrial face masks. Equipment.

Handling and Storage Not to be stored along with oxygen and halogens. Keep the cylinder in upright Precautions position in a cool and dry place. Don’t mix with other gases or transfer from one cylinder to another. Cylinder of dissolved acetylene should be handled carefully to

prevent the shock

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Water spray, carbon dioxide and dry chemical Powder.

Special Procedure Remove other cylinders to a safer place away from fire. If exposed to heat or flame, keep the container cool by

spraying water. Unusual Hazards May cause explosion.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Remove the victim to fresh air. Pulse and respiration should

be monitored. Provide artificial respiration or oxygen, if necessary. Seek medical aid.

Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Identify leaks in cylinders and fittings with soap solution. Waste Disposal Method Vent slowly in an isolated place.

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7.3 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ALKYL PHENOL 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: Alkyl Phenol Chemical Classification : Aromatic compound

Synonyms: Not applicable Trade Name: Dodecyl Phenol

Formula: C12H25C6H4 OH C.A.S.NO. 108-95-2 UN. NO. Not known Regulated Shipping Name : Alkyl phenol Identification Codes/Label : Inflammable liquids, class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 13 Hazchem Code : 3PE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. 60-100% Alkyl Phenol 2. 2% Phenol 108-95-2

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC Vapour pressure Odour: Pungent Point @ 35oC mm Hg ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) insoluble Specific Gravity 0.94 pH: Not determined (Water = 1) at 15.6 oC

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL Not determined Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability UEL Not determined Flash Point oC 130 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Explosion Sensitivity to Static Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Toxic fumes, gases and vapours may evolve on burning Hazardous Polymerization - Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material: No Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Material is normally stable at moderately elevated temperatures and pressures. Incompatibility with Oxidising agents Other material Reactivity Hazardous Reaction Given in fire and explosion hazard data Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation: Higher concentration may cause Headache, Dizziness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting Drowsiness, Stupor, other central nervous system effects leading to visual impairment, Respiratory failure, unconsciousness and death. Repeated and excessive exposure to phenol may cause central nervous system effects including respiratory, motion difficulties & paralysis, digestive disturbances, liver and kidney effects. Symptoms

Emergency Treatment As given in the emergency and first aid measures L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 2000 to 5000 mg/kg L.D50

Permissible 5 ppm 19 mg/m3 Odour Threshold ppm mg/mg3

Exposure Limit TLV (ACGIH) 5 ppm 19 mg/m3 STEL ppm mg/m3

NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity Special

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6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Nitrile or neoprene gloves, Chemical goggles and face shield. NIOSH/MSA approved Equipment respirator. Self contained breathing apparatus. Handling and Storage Use local exhaust ventilation to control mist or vapours. Use approved full face respirators Precautions with a combination organic vapour and high efficiency filter cartridge if the recommended exposure limit is exceeded. Use self contained breathing apparatus for entry into confined space and for other poorly ventilated areas and for large spill clean up sites. Use long sleeve shirt. Don’t wear rings, watches or similar apparel that could entrap the material and cause skin reaction. Keep containers closed when not in use. Wash thoroughly after handling launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media CO2 , Dry chemical , Alcohol foam, water can be used to cool and protect exposed material. Recommended wearing self contained breathing apparatus Unusual Hazards Toxic fumes and gases or vapours may evolve on burning. EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Wash skin with soap water. Removes contaminated clothes. Get medical help, discard shoes and other leather articles saturated with material. Flush and wash eye immediately for at least 15 minutes. Remove exposed person to fresh air. If breathing is laboured administer oxygen. If breathing has stopped, apply artificial respiration. Do not induce vomiting. If conscious give two glasses of

water. Get immediately medical help. Antidotes/Dosages: SPILLS Steps to be taken PPE must be worn. Ventilate area if spilled in confined area or other Poorly ventilated area. Prevent entry into sewers and water ways. Pick up free liquid for recycle and /or disposal. Residual liquid can be absorbed on inert material. Waste Disposal Method Disposal should be in compliance with the applicable regulation.

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7.4 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF AMMONIA 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : AMMONIA Chemical Classification : Inorganic Compound

Synonyms: Liquid Ammonia, Ammonia Gas, Trade Name: Ammonia Ammonia Anhydrous.

Formula: NH3 C.A.S.NO: 7664-41-7 UN NO. 1005 Regulated Shipping Name : Ammonia Identification Codes/Label : Non Flammable Gas, Class 2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 2 PE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Ammonia 7664-41-7 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range -33.4oC Physical State : Liquefied Compr.Gas Appearance : Colourless Vapour pressure Odour : Strong Pungent Odour @ 35oC 7600 mm Hg at Melting / Freezing -77.77oC 25.7oC Point ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 0.60 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Very soluble Moderately soluble in Alcohol Specific Gravity 0.771 pH : I N aq. Sol. 11.6 (Water = 1) @ 0oC

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL 16.0 % Flash Point oC Not Pertinent (OC) TDG Flammability NA UEL 25.0 % Flash Point oC Not Pertinent (CC)

Auto ignition Temperature oC 651.0 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Not available Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits toxic fumes of NH3 & NOx Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Strong Oxidisers, Calcium hypochlorite, Gold, Mercury, Silver, Halogens, Other material Acetaldehyde, Acrolein. Reactivity Reacts with Silver chloride, Silver nitrate, Silver azide, chlorine, bromine,iodine, heavy

metals and their compounds, Incandescent reaction when heated with Calcium. Hazardous Reaction Reacts with Silver chloride, Silver nitrate, Silver Azide and Silver Oxide Products form explosive silver nitride.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Skin or Eyes Effects of Exposure/ 700 ppm causes eye irritation and permanent injury may result if prompt Symptoms medical remedial measures are not taken. 5000 ppm may cause death from spum inflammation, or edema of the larynx. Contact of the liquid with skin freezes the tissues and causes the caustic burns. Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air and provide artificial respiration or oxygen, if needed. Skin and Eyes : Wash the affected area with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek Medical Aid.

Permissible 25 ppm 18 mg/m3 Odour Threshold 46.8 ppm 32.53 mg3

Exposure Limit

L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 350 mg/kg TLV (ACGIH) 25 ppm 18 mg/m3 STEL 35 ppm 27 mg/m3 NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity Special 2 1 0

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6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapours Equipment Provide rubber boots, safety goggles, self-contained breathing apparatus, gas mask and protective clothing in case of liquid ammonia.

Handling and Storage Avoid storing along with oxidizing materials and away from all possible Precautions sources of ignition. Store in well ventilated flame resistant locations.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Stop flow of gas. Use water spray or fog.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Gas is suffocating.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area, provide artificial respiration or oxygen, if needed. Skin : Remove the contaminated clothes and wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Eyes : Flush with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Contain leaking liquid on sand or earth, allow to evaporate. Dilute the vapours with plenty of water. Waste Disposal Method Put into a large vessel containing water, neutralise with HCl And discharge into sewer with sufficient water.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES LC50 : 30,000 ppm/5M (ihl-hmn). A human poison by an unspecified route. Difficult to ignite. NH3 and air in a fire, can detonate. Potentially violent or explosive reactions on contact with interhalogens. Forms sensitive explosive mixture with air and hydrocarbons. Those affected with eye and pulmonary diseases should avoid exposure to Ammonia.

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7.5 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF BENZENE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : BENZENE Chemical Classification : Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Synonyms: Benzol, Carbon-oil, Phenyl Hydride, Coal naphtha Trade Name: Benzene Cyclohexatriene

Formula C6H6 C.A.S.NO.71-43-2 UN. NO. 1114 Regulated Shipping Name : Benzene Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Liquid, Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 5 Hazchem Code : 3 WE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Benzene 71-43-2 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 80.09 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC 5.51 Vapour pressure Odour: Aromatic Odour Point @ 35oC mm Hg 100 mm Hg at 26.1 oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 2.77 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Miscible with alcohol (Air = 1) 800 mg/l at 25 oC chloform, ether, Crbon Disulphide acetone, Carbon tetrachloride. Specific Gravity 0.879 pH : Neutral (Water = 1) 20oC (Liq.)

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.4 % Flash Point oC N.A. (OC) TDG Flammability 3 UEL 8% Flash Point oC - 11.1 (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC 562.2 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Not available. Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Toxic gases and vapours. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Strong Oxidisers, chlorine, bromine and iron Other material Reactivity Reacts vigorously with oxidising agents, incandescent reaction with hydrogen + nickel catalyst (above 210oC), uranium hexafluoride and bromine trifluoride. Hazardous Reaction Forms sensitive explosive mixtures with iodine pentafluoride, silver perchlorate, nitryl Products perchlorate, HNO3, liquid O2,O3,AS2F3 + potassium methoxide (explodes above 30oC).

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Skin : Gets absorbed, causes pain, redness. Repeated contact leads to dermatitis. Symptom Eyes : Causes pain, redness. Inhalation : Causes headache, dullness, dizziness, unconsciousness, and leukemia. Ingestion : Burning sensation in mouth and stomach. Emergency Treatment Skin: If affected, remove soaked clothes and boots and wash thoroughly the affected Area with plenty of water and soap. Eye: Flush with plenty of water until irritation subsides Inhalation : Remove from exposure immediately. If breathing is irregular or stopped, Start resuscitation, administer O2, and seek immediately medical aid. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 3400 mg/kg L.D50 (Rat-7 hrs.) 1000 ppm as LC50

Permissible 10 ppm 30 mg/m3 Odour Threshold 4.68 ppm 14.93 mg/mg3

Exposure Limit (SHC) (SHC)

TLV (ACGIH) 10 ppm 32 mg/m3 STEL 25 ppm 75 mg/m3


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6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. Use hydrocarbon vapour canister, hydrocarbon, Equipment insoluble rubber or plastic gloves, goggles or face shield, hydrocarbon-insoluble apron such as neoprene shoes. Handling and Storage Store in a cool fireproof place with ventilation along the ground. Keep away from Precautions strong oxidising agents.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Foam, CO2, and Dry Chemical Powder.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to fire. Unusual Hazards Flash back along vapour trail may occur.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area, start resuscitation. Skin : Remove the wet clothes and wash the affected area with water and soap. Eyes: Wash thoroughly for 15 mins. with water. Ingestion : Do not induce vomiting, keep victim warm and quiet. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not available SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Contain leaking liquid on sand or earth. Prevent liquid entering into sewer. Waste Disposal Method Seal all waste in vapour tight plastic bags for eventual disposal. Spray into furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with more flammable material.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Suspected human carcinogen. Depending on the duration and the exposure, periodic medical check up is recommended. Prolonged exposure (even at low concentration) may cause leukemia. Use of alcoholic drink enhances the poisonous effect. Persin with blood disorder should avoid contact with benzene. High concentration can lead to unconsciousness or death. In industry, inhalation is the primary route of chronic benzene poisoning. Elimination chiefly through lungs. There is great individual variation in signs and symptoms of chronic benzene poisoning.

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7.6 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF BENZOYL PEROXIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: Benzoyl Peroxide Chemical Classification : Organic Peroxide

Synonyms: Benzoic acid peroxide, Benzoyl super oxide, Trade Name: Bernzoyl peroxide Dibenzoyl peroxide Formula: (C6 H5CO) 2O2 C.A.S.NO. 94-36-0 UN. NO. 2090 Regulated Shipping Name : Benzoyl peroxide Identification Codes/Label : Organic peroxide, Class 5 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : Not listed HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Benzoyl peroxide 94-36-0 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC Decomposes Physical State : Solid Appearance : White Rhombic prisms Just above m.p. Melting / Freezing oC 103-105 Vapour pressure Odour: Faint Odour of Benzaldehyde Point @ 35oC mm Hg Less than 1mm Hg ______________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density Solubility in water @ 26oC Others: soluble in benzene, acetone, (Air = 1) Less than 1mg/ml chloroform, Refractive Index 1.543 Specific Gravity 1.33 pH: Not pertinent (Water = 1)

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability yes LEL Not Available Flash Point oC Not Available (OC) TDG Flammability 5 UEL Not Available Flash Point oC 80 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 103 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Explodes Explosion Sensitivity to Static Explodes Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits white smoke of benzoic acid. Hazardous Polymerization - Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material Yes Corrosive Material No Flammable Material yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Explodes on heating, can explode spontaneously when dry and when exposed to friction or Shock. Incompatibility with Strong acid, amines, alcohol, ether, reducing agents Other material Reactivity Reacts violently in contact with various organic or inorganic acids, alcohols, amines, metallic naphthenates, as well as polymerisation accelerators i.e. Di-methyl aniline and methyl methacrylate. Hazardous Reaction Decomposition produces benzoic acid, phenyl benzoate, ter-phenyls, Biphenyls, Benzene Products and CO2

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, skin, eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory system, can cause dermititis, Vasodilatation and asthma other effects include slow pulse, lower temp, stupor, testicular altrophy. The

health hazards of diluents should also be considered, as they may be more serious. Symptoms

Emergency Treatment Flush with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove to fresh air. Seek medical aid. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 7710 mg/kg L.D50

Permissible ppm 5 mg/m3 Odour Threshold :Odourless ppm mg/mg3

Exposure Limit TLV (ACGIH) ppm 5 mg/m3 STEL: Not listed ppm mg/m3

NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity Special 2 2 1 oxy

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6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Provide Dust respirator, rubber hand gloves, Side covered goggles, Face shield, Equipment Overclothing and shoes. Handling and Storage Keep container close. Keep away from open flame. Empty container may contain hazardous Precautions residue s. Avoid loss of water content as dry material is considerably hazardous. Store below 38 oC to maintain activity. Store in a refrigerator or in a cool, dry place and protect from exposure to shock, rough handling , friction from grinding and all oxydising materials.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Water, Dry chemical powder , foam Special procedure If large amount is involved, evacuate area. Fight fire from safe distance. Cool surrounding area with water. Unusual Hazard As long as water is present, material self extinguishes. Dry material burns vigorously. EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Skin Contact: Flood all the areas of that have contacted the substance with water. Do not remove the contaminated clothing- do it under water stream. Use soap to help assure removal. Isolate contaminated clothing and when removed , prevent contact by others. Eye contact : Remove any contact lenses at once. Immediately flush eyes well with copious quantities of water or normal saline for at least 20 -30 miniutes. Seek medical attention. Inhalation: Leave contaminated area immediately and breathe fresh air. Proper respiratory protection must be supplied to any rescuers. If coughing, difficult breathing or any other symptom develops,

seek medical help at once, even if symptoms develop many hours after exposure. Ingestion: Contact a physician hospital or poison centre at once. If victim is unconscious or convulsing, DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING . Assure that his airway is open and lay him on his side with his head lower than his body and transport to a medical facility. If conscious and not convulsing, give a glass of water to dilute the substance. Antidotes/Dosages: Not Available SPILLS Steps to be taken Remove all sources of ignition and dampen spilled material with 60-70% acetone to avoid air borne dust, then transfer material to a suitable container. Ventilate the spill area and use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% acetone to pick up remaining material. Wash surface well with soap and water. Waste Disposal Method Absorb or mix in small portions on sand. Soak with 10%

Ammonium Hydroxide, place in open furnace pit with plastic spoon. Ignite from safe distance.

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8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES It is an organic peroxide nad oxidiser. It ignites readily and burns rapidly. An explosion hazard, may explode spontaneously, when heated above the melting point or when overheated under confinement. Explosive decomposition above melting point (103oC) forms flammable products. Violent reaction in contact with N,N-dimethyl aniline, Aniline, Dimethyl sulphide, Lithiumtetrahydro aluminate, N-bromo succinimide+ 4-Toluic Acid, Mixture with CCl4 + ethylene explodes at elevated temperature and pressure. Violent reaction when contacted with organic and inorganic acids, polymerisation accelerators.

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7.7 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF BUTANE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : BUTANE Chemical Classification : Hydrocarbon

Synonyms: n-Butane, Methyl-ethyl-methane, Trade Name : Butane Butyl Hydride

Formula C4H10 C.A.S.NO.106-97-8 UN NO. 1011 Regulated Shipping Name : Butane Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Gas, Class 2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 5 Hazchem Code : 2 W E HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Butane 106-97-8 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range - 0.5oC Physical State : Liquefied Compressed .Gas Appearance : Colourless Vapour pressure Odour: Gasoline like odour @ 35oC 1520 mm Hg Melting / Freezing -138oC at 18.8oC Point ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 2.046 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Slight soluble Soluble in Alcohol Ether, Chloroform. Specific Gravity 0.60 pH : Not Pertinent (Water = 1) @ 0oC Liquid

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.9 % Flash Point oC Not Available (OC) TDG Flammability 2 UEL 8.5. % Flash Point oC -60 (CC)

Autoignition Temperature oC 405 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static May Explode Electricity Hazardous Combustion products None in particular Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Oxidisers Other material Reactivity When mixed with { Ni(CO)4 + O2 } highly explosive Hazardous Reaction Not available Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation Effects of Exposure/ High exposure produces drowsiness, but no other evidence of systemic effects. Symptoms

Emergency Treatment ORAL AND ASPIRATION : No treatment required. Inhalation: Guard against self-injury if stuporous, confused or anesthetised. Apply artificial respiration, if breathing is difficult. Avoid administration of Epinephrine or other Sympathomimetic Amines. Prevent aspiration of Vomitus by proper positioning of the head. Give symptomatic and supportive Treatment. Seek Medical Aid. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) Not listed mg/kg

Permissible 800 ppm 1900 mg/m3 Odour Threshold 6.16 ppm 14.65 mg/m3

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) 800 ppm 1900 mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3


45

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapours Equipment Provide self-contained breathing apparatus, safety goggles, hand gloves and shoes.

Handling and Storage Keep in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heat, flame or oxidisers. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Stop flow of gas. CO2, Foam, Dry powder.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Flash back along vapour trail may occur.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures ORAL & ASPIRATION : No treatment required. Inhalation : Guard against self-injury if stuporous, Confused or anesthetised. Apply artificial breathing if breathing is difficult. Avoid administration of Epinephrine or other sypathomimetic Amines. Prevent aspiration of vomitus by proper positioning of the head. Give symptomatic and supportive treatment. Seek medical aid. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk, warn everybody that air Mixture is explosive. Waste Disposal Method Allow the gas to burn under control.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES A simple Asphyxiant: A general-purpose food additive.

46

7.8 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF CARBON DISULFIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : CARBON DISULFIDE Chemical Classification : Inorganic Solvent

Synonyms: Carbon Bisulfide, Carbon Sulfide Trade Name Dithiocarbonic Anhydride

Formula CS2 C.A.S.NO.75-15-0 UN. NO. 1131 Regulated Shipping Name : Carbon Disulfide Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Liquid, Poison, Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 3 W E HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Carbon Disulfide 75-15-0 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range 46.5oC Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless to Yellow Vapour pressure Odour: Rotten egg to Sweet Odour @ 35oC 400 mm Hg at Melting / Freezing - 110.8oC 28oC Point ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 2.64 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Not soluble Miscible with Anhydrous Methanol, Ethanol, Ether, Benzene Specific Gravity 1.26 pH : Neutral (Water = 1) @ 20oC Liquid

47

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.3 % Flash Point oC Not Available (OC) TDG Flammability 3 UEL 50 % Flash Point oC - 30 (CC)

Autoignition Temperature oC 125 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Data not available Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits highly toxic fumes of SOx. Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material Explosive Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Strong Oxidisers, chemically active metals such as Sodium, Potassium, Zinc., Azides, Other material Organic Amines & Air. Reactivity Reacts with metal azides to produce shock and heat sensitive explosive metal Azidodithioformates, A1 Powder ignites in CS2 Vapour. Reacts violently with CsN3 (H2 SO4 + Permanganates), KN3, NaN3 Hazardous Reaction Reacts with metal azides to produce shock, Heat-sensitive explosive metal Products Azidodithioformates.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Acute Exposure: Mild to moderate irritation of skin, eyes and mucous membrane Symptoms from abdominal pain, Massive vapour exposure : CNS depression with respiratory Paralysis. Death may occur during coma or after convulsions.

Emergency Treatment Inhalation : Remove the victim from exposure, give artificial respiration and oxygen if necessary. Skin: Remove the contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash the affected areas with large amount of water. Ingestion : Induce vomiting, follow with gastric lavage and saline cathartics. Seek Medical Aid. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 3188 mg/kg

Permissible 10 (Skin) ppm 30 (Skin) mg/m3 Odour Threshold Not ppm Not mg/m3

Exposure Limit Available Available

TLV (ACGIH) 10 (Skin) ppm 30 (Skin) mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3


48

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. Do not eat or drink at work place. Equipment Provide safety goggles, face shield, PVC hand gloves, air-line or chemical cartridge mask. Full-face mask and industrial clothing to be used when entering the vessel.

Handling and Storage Store away from direct heat. Avoid plastic containers. Containers Precautions should be earthed properly.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Dry Chemical powder, fog, water spray.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water exposed to fire Unusual Hazards Substance burns with almost invisible flame.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures If eyes are affected, immediately wash with plenty of water for 15 mins. Skin : Remove the soaked clothes and shoes. Wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. Seek medical aid. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk, Contain the leakage on sand or earth. Knock down the vapours with water spray. Do not allow liquid to enter sewer. Waste Disposal Method a) Leakage: Absorb wirh paper and destroy by burning at least 50m away from any habitation. b) Large quantities: Atomise into an incinerator and destroy

by controlled incineration

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES A dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, sparks, friction or oxidising materials. Due to its low flash point and high sp. gr. CS2 should be stored under water (immiscible with water). Severe explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

49

7.9 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF CARBON MONOXIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : CARBON MONOXIDE Chemical Classification : Inorganic Gas

Synonyms: Carbone, Carbonic Oxide Trade Name

Formula CO C.A.S.NO.630-08-0 UN. NO. 1016 Regulated Shipping Name : Carbon Monoxide Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Gas, Poison, Class 2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 2 SE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Carbon Monoxide 630-08-0 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC -191.3 Physical State : Liquefied Appearance : Colourless Compressed .Gas Melting / Freezing oC -207 Vapour pressure N.A. Odour: Odourless Point @ 35oC mm Hg ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 0.97 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Not soluble Appreciable soluble in organic solvents. Specific Gravity 0.791 at pH Not Pertinent (Water = 1) -191.5oC

50

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 12.5% Flash Point oC Not Pertinent (OC) TDG Flammability 2 UEL 74.2% Flash Point oC Not Pertinent (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC 608.8 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static N. A. Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Asphyxiation due to CO2 production may occur. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material Yes Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Strong Oxidisers Other material Reactivity Violent or explosive reaction on contact with Bromine Trifluoride, Bromine Pentafluoride, Chlorine Dioxide, Peroxodisulfuryl difluoride. Mixture of liquid CO with liquid O2 is explosive. Hazardous Reaction React with Na or K to form explosive products sensitive to shock, heat or contact Products with water.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Human systematic effects by inhalation, changes in psycho-physiological tests and Symptoms Methemoglobine mia-carboxhemoglobinemia. Can cause asphyxlation by preventing hemoglobin from binding oxygen. Contact with skin causes frostbite. Eye contact causes severe injury. Emergency Treatment Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area. Support respiration, provide oxygen if required. Seek medical aid immediately. Skin: If burnt by liquid, treat as frostbite. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water at least for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-rat) Not listed L.D50

Permissible 50 ppm 55 mg/m3 Odour Threshold Odourless ppm Odourless mg/mg3

Exposure Limit



51

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapours. Equipment Provide self-contained breathing apparatus, face shield or safety goggles, safety shoes, appropriate canister mask, rubber over-clothing, hand gloves.

Handling and Storage Store in a cool, dry place, away from heat, flame or oxidisers. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Dry chemical powder, CO2. Wear self-contained Breathing apparatus; Let fire burn, shut off gas while using the chemicals.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Flame has little colour. Containers may explode.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation : Remove victim from exposure to fresh air area,

support respiration, provide O2 if required. Skin: If burnt by liquid, treat as frostbite. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 minioutes. Seek medical aid immediately for all type of exposures. Antidotes/Dosages None in particular. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Allow to burn under control. Waste Disposal Method To be burnt under control.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES LC50 (rat): 1807 ppm/4H acute case of poisoning resulting from brief exposure to high concentrations seldom results in any permanent disability if recovery takes place. Auditory disturbances and contractions of the visual fields have been demonstrated. Glycosuria does occur and heart irregularities have been reported. Repeated exposure to low concentrations of the gas upto 100 ppm in air is generally believed to cause no signs of poisoning or permanent damage can cause asphyxiation by preventing hemoglobin from binding O2. After being removed from exposure the half life of its elimination from the blood is one hour. A very dangerous explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Mixture of liquid CO with liquid di-nitrogen-oxide is a rocket propellant combination. Ignites on contact with cesium oxide and water. Potentially explosive reaction with iron (3) oxide between O-150oC. Exothermic reaction with ClF3, (Li+H2O), NF3, OF2, (K+O2), Ag2O, (Na+NH3)

52

7.10 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : CARBON TETRACHLORIDE Chemical Classification : Alkyl Halide

Synonyms: Carbon Chloride, Per-chloro Methane, Trade Name : Carbon tetrachloride Benzinoform, Tetra-chloro Methane.

Formula CC14 C.A.S. NO. 56-23-5 UN. No. 1846 Regulated Shipping Name : Carbon Tetrachloride Identification Codes/Label : Poison, Class-6 Hazardous Waste I.D. No: 6 Hazchem Code : 2 Z HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Carbon Tetrachloride 56-23-5 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 76.8 Physical State : Liquid Appearance: Colourless, Watery. Melting / Freezing oC -22.6 Vapour pressure Odour: Sweet Point @ 35oC 100mm Hg at 23 oC _________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density 5.30 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Miscible with Alcohol, Benzene, (Air = 1) Not Soluble Chloroform Ether, CS2 Specific Gravity 1.59 at 20o C pH Neutral (Water = 1)

53

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability N.A. UEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC Not Pertinent Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Stable Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits toxic fumes of Cl & Phosgene. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Chemically active metals such as Sodium, Magnesium, Potassium, Aluminium - other material. Tri-chloride, Di-benzoyl Peroxide & Potassium-tart-butoxide. Reactivity Vigorous exothermic reaction with allyl alcohol, A1 (C2H5)3, (Benzoyl Peroxide + C2H6 ), BrF3, Di-borane, Di-silane, Liquid O2, (AgC14 + HC1). Hazardous Reaction Forms impact sensitive explosive mixtures with particulates of many metals (eg.A1). Products Also forms explosive mixtures with ClF3, N2O4 etc. Forms explosive mixture with ethylene, between 25-105 C and 30 –80 bar.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin & Eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Skin & Eyes : Causes irritation, Inhalation causes dizziness, inco-ordination, Symptoms anesthesia may be accompanied by nausea, liver damage & kidney damage. Often reduces or stops urinary output. Damages central nervous system. Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air area. Keep the patient warm & quiet. Give artificial respiration, if breathing stops. Ingestion: Induce vomiting, give plenty of water to drink. Eyes: Flush with plenty of water for 15 mins. Skin: Remove the wetted clothes & flush the affected area with plenty of water. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 2800 mg/kg

Permissible 5 (Skin) ppm 30 (Skin) mg/m3 Odour Threshold: > 10 ppm mg/m3

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) 5 (Skin) ppm 30 (Skin) mg/m3 STEL 20 ppm 125 mg/m3


54

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapours. Equipment. Provide PVC or rubber hand gloves, air supplied mask, safety goggles, organic vapour canister with full-face masks, rubber apron and shoes.

Handling and Storage Store in a cool, well ventilated, dry area way from heat. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Not Flammable.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Poisonous and irritating gases are produced.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area, Give artificial respiration. Ingestion : Induce vomiting, give plenty of water to drink. Eyes & Skin : Wash the affected area with plenty of water. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Absorb on sand or earth. Waste Disposal Method Seal all the waste in vapour-tight plastic bags for eventual disposal.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES A suspected human carcinogen. Violent or explosive reaction on contact with fluorine. Potentially explosive reaction on contact with boranes. Potentially dangerous reaction with dimethylene formamide, 1,2,3,4,5,6 - hexachloro-cyclohexane or dimethylacetamide, when iron is present as catalyst. This has narcotic action similar to that of chloroform though not as strong. Concentration of the order of 1000-1500 ppm is sufficient to cause symptoms if exposure continues for several hours. Repeated daily exposure to such concentrations may result in poisoning. CC14 has caused explosions when used as fire extinguisher on a wax fires and uranium fires.

55

7.11 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF CHLORINE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : CHLORINE Chemical Classification : Inorganic Gas or Liquid

Synonyms: None Trade Name Formula C12 C.A.S.NO.7782-50-5 UN. NO. 1017 Regulated Shipping Name : Chlorine Identification Codes/Label : Non Flammable Gas, Poison, Class 2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 2 XE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Chlorine 7782-50-5 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range - 34 oC Physical State Liquid Appearance : Greenish Yellow Liquid Compr. Gas Vapour pressure Odour: Irritating, Bleach like @ 35oC 4800 mm Hg choking odour. Melting / Freezing -101oC at 20oC Point ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 2.49 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Slightly soluble Soluble in Alkalis. Specific Gravity 1.47 pH : Not Pertinent (Water = 1) @ 0oC 2774 mm Hg

56

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL Not % Flash Point oC Not Pertinent (OC) Pertinent TDG Flammability NA UEL Not % Flash Point oC Not Pertinent (CC) Pertinent

Auto ignition Temperature oC Not Pertinent Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Stable Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Toxic products are generated when combustibles burn in Cl. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material No Oxidiser Yes Others: Supports Combustion Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Combustible substances, finely divided metals. other material Reactivity Violent reaction with Alcohol, explosive reaction with metals, potentially dangerous reaction with Hydrocarbons : Lewis Acids, Sulfides, Tri-alkyl Boranes. Forms explosive mixtures with hydrogen. Hazardous Reaction Toxic products are generated when combustibles burn in Cl. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Causes Eye irritation, sneezing, copious salivation, general excitement, restlessness. Symptoms High concentration causes respiratory distress and violent coughing, often with retching. Death may result from suffocation. Emergency Treatment Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area, support respiration, give oxygen if necessary. Eyes : Flush with large amount of water for at least 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately for all types of exposures. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) Not listed mg/kg


Exposure Limit



57

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. Equipment Provide PVC gloves, gumboots, rubber overcoat, head mask, self-contained breathing apparatus.

Handling and Storage Keep in a cool, dry, relatively isolated, well ventilated place, store in Precautions cylinders, pressure vessels, or pipelines.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Not flammable

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. In no circumstances water shall be directed towards leaking containers. Unusual Hazards Poisonous gases are produced in fire.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures If inhaled, move the victim to fresh air area. If chlorine comes in contact with eyes or skin, wash with plenty of water under quick opening safety shower and eye wash fountain. Seek medical aid immediately for all types of exposures. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk, Contain liquid with earth or sand. Prevent the liquid from entering the sewer. Vapours create toxic atmosphere. Knock down vapours with water spray. Waste Disposal Method Neutralize small liquid spillage with soda ash & drain with abundant water. Cover pool with protein foam, so that the release of vapour to atmosphere is low and under control

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES In case of large gas escapes, the presence of cloud can be marked with Ammonia with which it will turn into a mist. Run away from the gas clouds in a direction perpendicular to the wind direction. Avoid liquid chlorine from leaking and body contact. Persons with pulmonary diseases should avoid the exposure. A concentration of 3.5 ppm produces a detectable odour. 15 ppm causes immediate irritation of the throat. Concentration of 50 ppm are dangerous for even short exposures. 1000 ppm is fatal. Can react to cause fires/explosion on contact with Turpentine, illuminating gas, Polypropylene, Rubber, Sulfamic Acid, Acetaldehyde, Alcohols. Bring the leaking portion of the cylinder to the uppermost position, so that only the gas escapes and not the liquid.

58

7.12 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ETHYLAMINE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : ETHYLAMINE Chemical Classification : Aliphatic Amine

Synonyms: Ethanamine Mono-ethyl-amine Trade Name :

Formula C2 H7 N C.A.S.NO.75-04-7 UN.No. 1036 Regulated Shipping Name : Ethyl amine Identification Codes/Label : Flammable gas Class 2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 8 Hazchem Code : 2 PE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Ethyl Amine 75-04-7 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 16.6 Physical State : Gas/Liquid Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC - 80.6 Vapour pressure Odour: Strong Ammoniacal. Point @ 35oC ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density 1.56 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Miscible with Alcohol (Air = 1) Miscible and Ether. Specific Gravity 0.662 pH Strongly basic (Water = 1) at 20oC

59

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 4.95% Flash Point oC - 18 (OC) TDG Flammability 2 UEL 20.75% Flash Point oC Not available (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 385 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Explodes Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits toxic fumes of NOx. Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Strong Acids and Oxidisers, Cellulose Nitrate. other material. Reactivity Reacts vigorously with Oxidising Materials and Strong Acids. Hazardous Reaction Not available. . Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation. Ingestion, Skin & Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation: Causes irritation to mucous membrane. Symptoms Ingestion: Poisonous. Skin : Causes irritation and dermatitis. Eyes: Causes severe irritation. Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air area. Provide artificial respiration if needed. Ingestion : Give plenty of water to drink. Skin : Remove the contaminated clothes and wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Eyes: Flush with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 400 mg/m3 L.D50

Permissible 10 ppm 18 mg/m3 Odour Threshold Not ppm mg/m3

Exposure Limit available

TLV (ACGIH) 10 ppm 18 mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm mg/m3

NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity/Stability Special Not listed Not listed Not listed

60

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with gas or liquid. Provide self-contained respirator, safety goggles, face Equipment. shield, rubber hand gloves, body over-clothing and shoes.

Handling and Storage Keep in an exclusively cooler place, protected from light, heat, flame and spark. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Alcohol Foam, Dry Chemical Powder and Water.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water. If exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Containers may explode. EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation :Remove the victim to fresh air area. Apply artificial respiration and oxygen if needed. Ingestion: Give plenty of water to drink. Skin : Remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Eyes: Flush with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not available SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks and flow of gas if without risk. Waste Disposal Method a) Dissolve in combustible solvent such as alcohol etc. burn in open furnace by igniting from a safe distance with utmost care or sprinkle into fire chamber or furnace with after burner and scrubber.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES LC50 = 3000 ppm / 4 H (ihl-rat). A very dangerous for hazard when exposed to heat or flame. Explosion hazard to sparks.

61

7.13 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ETHYL MERCAPTAN 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : ETHYL MERCAPTAN Chemical Classification : Mercaptan

Synonyms: Ethanethiol, Mercaptoethane Trade Name Thioethyl Alcohol, Ethyl Sulphydrate

Formula C2 H6S C.A.S. NO. 75-08-1 UN. NO. 1228 Regulated Shipping Name : Ethyl Mercaptan Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Liquid, Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 3 YE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Ethyl Mercaptan 75-08-1 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range 34.4 oC Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless to Yellow Vapour pressure Odour: Strong Penetrating Garlic @ 35oC Not available like odour. Melting / Freezing -147oC Point ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 2.49 Solubility in water 30oC Others (Air = 1) soluble Soluble in Alcohol, Ether. Specific Gravity 0.826 pH : Not Available (Water = 1) @ 20oC Solid

62

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 2.8 % Flash Point oC < -17.7 (OC) TDG Flammability 3 UEL 18.2 % Flash Point oC Not Available (CC)

Auto ignition Temperature oC 298.9 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Explodes Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits toxic fumes of SOx . Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Acids, Water, Steam and Oxidisers. other material Reactivity Violent reaction with Ca (OCI)2. Reacts vigorously with Oxidisers. Contact with Acid fumes emit highly toxic fumes of SOx Hazardous Reaction Not available. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation : Causes muscular weakness, convulsions, respiratory paralysis. Symptoms High concentration may cause pulmonary irritation. Ingestion: Causes nausea and irritation of mouth and stomach. Eyes & Skin: Causes irritation.

Emergency Treatment Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area, Provide artificial respiration or Oxygen if needed. Ingestion : Induce vomiting and follow with gastric lavage. Eyes: Flush with water for 15 mins. Skin : Wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 1960 mg/kg

Permissible -- ppm Not mg/m3 Odour Threshold 0.001 ppm 0.002 mg/m3

Exposure Limit listed

TLV (ACGIH) 0.5 ppm 1.0 mg/m3 STEL 2 ppm 3 mg/m3


63

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. Equipment Provide rubber hand gloves, protective over-clothing, side covered safety Goggles / face shield.

Handling and Storage Keep in a cool, dry, well ventilated area away from heat, flame or Oxidisers. Precautions Keep the containers tightly closed.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Dry Chemical Powder, Foam, CO2.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Poisonous gases are produced in fire.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area, provide artificial respiration or oxygen if needed. Ingestion : Induce vomiting and follow with gastric lavage. Eyes : Flush with water for 15 mins. Skin : Wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk, Contain the spillageon earth or

sand. Waste Disposal Method Dissolve in a combustible solvent such as alcohol, benzene etc. Burn in a furnace with an after burner and scrubber to neutralise Sulphur Dioxide..

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES LC50 = 4420 ppm/4H (inh-rat). A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame. A moderate explosion hazard, when exposed to spark or flame. Will react with water or steam to produce toxic and flammable vapours.

64

7.14 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF FORMALIN 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : FORMALDEHYDE (37% Solution) Chemical Classification : Aliphatic Aldehyde

Synonyms: Formal, Fyde, Methanal, Methylaldehyde, Trade Name : Formalin.

Formula HCHO C.A.S.NO.50-00-0 UN. No. 1198 / 2209 Regulated Shipping Name : Formaldehyde solution Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Liquid Class 3, Hazardous waste I.D. No: 5 Hazchem Code : 2 SE / 2 T HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Formaldehyde (37% Soln.) 50-00-0 2. containing 10-15% Methanol

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 96. Physical State: Liquid Appearance: Clear Melting / Freezing oC -15 Vapour pressure Odour: Pungent Point @ 35oC Not mm Hg Available ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density 1.04 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Miscible with Alcohol, (Air = 1) Miscible Acetone. Specific Gravity 1.1 at pH 2.8 - 4.0 (Water = 1) at 25oC

65

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 7 % Flash Point oC Not available (OC) TDG Flammability 3 UEL 73 % Flash Point oC 60 (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC 300 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Data not available Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Irritating gaseous formaldehyde Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur with methanol added to the solution. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material Yes Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Strong Oxidisers, strong caustics, acids, phenols and urea. other material. Reactivity In air, it slowly oxidises to formic acid. It is a powerful reducing agent especially In the presence of alkali. Reacts vigorously with oxidisers, perchloric acid + aniline, Performic acid, nitro-methane, MgCO3, H2O2. Hazardous Reaction Above 60oC explosive vapour-air mixture may be formed. . Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation. Ingestion, Skin & Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation : Causes coughing, chest pain, nausea, vomiting and affects respiratory Symptoms system, kidney, liver. Ingestion: Causes nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and collapse. Skin contact: Causes severe irritation and dermatitis. Contact with Eyes: Causes irritation. Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air area. If swallowed and victim is conscious, give

plenty of water and milk. If eyes or skin are affected, wash with plenty of water. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 800 mg/kg L.D50

Permissible 1 SHC ppm 1.5 SHC mg/m3 Odour Threshold 2 ppm 4 mg/m3

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) 1 SHC ppm 1.5 SHC mg/m3 STEL 2 SHC ppm 3 SHC mg/m3


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6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with Liquid or Vapours. Equipment. Provide self-contained breathing apparatus, chemical goggles, protective over- Clothing, synthetic rubber or plastic gloves and shoes.

Handling and Storage Keep away from heat, flame and oxidisers. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Water, Dry Chemical CO2 , Alcohol Foam.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures If inhaled, remove the victim to fresh air area. If eyes or skin are affected, wash with plenty of water. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not available SPILLS Steps to be taken Absorb the spillage on sand or earth. Drench with water. Waste Disposal Method Seal all the waste in vapour tight plastic bags for eventual disposal.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES A SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN. When aqueous formaldehyde solutions are heated above the flash point, a potential explosion hazard exists. A fungicide. Gas is a more dangerous fire hazard than liquid.

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7.15 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF FURFURAL 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : FURFURAL Chemical Classification : Hydrocarbon

Synonyms: Fural, Furfuraldehyde, 2-Furan Carbonal Trade Name : Furfural

Formula C5H4O2 C.A.S.NO.98-01-1 UN. No. 1199 Regulated Shipping Name : Furfural Identification Codes/Label : Combustible Liquid, Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 5 Hazchem Code : 2 SE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Furfural 98-01-1 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 161.7 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Amber Colour Melting / Freezing oC -38.7 Vapour pressure Odour: Almond Point @ 35oC mm Hg 1 mm Hg at 20oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 3.31 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Very soluble in alcohol , ether, Benzene (Air = 1) 8.3 g/100 ml at 20oC Specific Gravity 1.16 pH (Water = 1)

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 2.1% Flash Point oC 67 (OC) TDG Flammability UEL 19.3% Flash Point oC 60 (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC 316 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Stable Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits toxic gases & vapours. Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Mineral acids & alkalies. other material. Reactivity Violent reaction with acids & alkalies Hazardous Reaction. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Skin. Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation : Unlikely due to low volatility, irritation of throat, respiratory system, Symptoms headache, lung congestion. Ingestion : Irritation of stomach, sore throat, vomiting, Diarrhea. Skin readily absorbs, stains yellow, dermatitis, eczema & skin sensitisation, eyes irritation, reddening, burning, lachrymation. Emergency Treatment Inhalation :Remove the victim to fresh air, give artificial respiration if breathing Has stopped. O2 if breathing is laboured. Ingestion: Give conscious victim water or milk to drink. Induce vomiting with Doctor’s advice. Keep warm and quiet. Skin: Remove the contaminated clothes immediately. Flush the affected area With plenty of water . Eyes : Wash eyes immediately with large amount of water or neutral saline Solution for at least 15 mins. Remove contact lenses if worn. In all the cases, seek for medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 127 mg/kg L.D50

Permissible 2 ppm 8 mg/m3 Odour Threshold 0.25 ppm

Exposure Limit



69

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Splash proof goggles, self-contained breathing apparatus, totally Equipment encapsulated suit, rubber gloves, rubber boots, pant worn outside boots.

Handling and Storage Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated location away from heat and fire and sheltered Precautions from direct sunlight. Outside detached storage is preferred separately from other

storage and away from oxidising materials & strong acids.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Alcohol foam, CO2 DCP.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to fire. Unusual Hazards Violent reactions with acids and alkali.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation :Remove the victim to fresh air, give artificial

respiration, if breathing stopped or O2 if breathing is laboured.

Ingestion: Give conscious victim water or milk. Induce vomiting with doctor’s advice. Skin: Remove contaminated clothes immediately. Flush affected area with plenty of water. Eyes: Wash eyes with plenty of water for 15 mins. In all the cases, seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not applicable. SPILLS Steps to be taken Contain the leak in sand or earth or by absorbent paper to pick up the leak followed by soap & water washing. Waste Disposal Method Dissolve in a combustible solvent and then spray the solution into the furnace burner.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Although the vapour is quite irritating, inhalation of toxicologically significant quantities is unlikely, continuous absorption rates can be important. This is mainly used for solvent refining process in manufacturing of lubricating oils, resins etc.

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7.16 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF GLYCERINE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : GLYCERINE Chemical Classification : Organic Compound

Synonyms: Glycerine Anhydrous, 1,2,3-Propanetriol, Trade Name : Glycerine Glycerol, 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane

Formula C3H8O3 C.A.S. NO.56-81-5 UN. No. Not listed Regulated Shipping Name : Glycerine Identification Codes/Label : Not listed Hazardous Waste I.D. No: 5 Hazchem Code : Not listed HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Glycerine 56-81-5 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 290 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless, Yellow Melting / Freezing oC 17.9 Vapour pressure Odour: Odourless Point @ 35oC 0.0025 mm Hg at 30 oC _________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density 3.17 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Soluble in Ethyl Alcohol. (Air = 1) Soluble in all proportions in all proportions Specific Gravity 1.261 at 20o C pH Neutral (Water = 1) (Liq.)

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC 166.5 (OC) TDG Flammability Not listed UEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC 160 (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC 370 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Data not available Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits acrid smoke and fumes. Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Oxidisers, Peroxides, Acetic Anhydride. other material. Reactivity Reacts violently with Acetic Anhydride, Aniline + Nitrobenzene, Ca (OCI)2, AgCIO4 Cr2O3 F2,Pb0, Phosphorous Triiodide, Ethylene Oxide + Heat, KMnO4 & KClO4 Hazardous Reaction Mixtures with hydrogen peroxide is highly explosive. Products .

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin & Eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Mildly toxic by ingestion, inhalation, causes mild headache, nausea, vomiting causes Symptoms eye and skin irritation..

Emergency Treatment Eyes and skin: Wash with plenty of water. Ingestion: Induce vomiting. . Seek medical aid. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 12600 mg/kg L.D50

Permissible Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3 Odour Threshold Odourless ppm mg/m3

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) ppm 10 mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3

(Glycerine mist) NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity/Stability Special 1 1 0

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6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Compound is non-hazardous. Equipment. Provide rubber gloves and goggles.

Handling and Storage Keep away from heat, flame and oxidising agents. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Alcohol foam, Carbon dioxide, Dry Chemical Powder Water or foam may cause frothing.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Not hazardous. Antidotes/Dosages None SPILLS Steps to be taken Use absorbent paper to pick up spilled material. Wash well with water and soap. Waste Disposal Method Seal all the waste in vapour-tight plastic bags for eventual disposal.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Mixture with hydrogen peroxide is highly explosive. Mixture with nitric acid + sulphuric acid forms explosive glyceryl nitrate. Mixture with perchloric and lead oxide forms explosive perchlorate esters. Confined mixtures with chlorine explodes if heated to 70-80oC.

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7.17 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF HEXANE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : N- HEXANE Chemical Classification : Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

Synonyms: Gethysolve-B Trade Name: Hexane

Formula : C6H14 C.A.S.NO.110-54-3 UN. NO. 1208 Regulated Shipping Name : Hexane, Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Liquid, Class 3 Hazardous Waste I.D. No: 5 Hazchem code: 3YE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Hexane 110-54-3 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 69 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless, watery Melting / Freezing Point oC -95.6 Vapour Pressure Odour: Gasoline like odour @ 35 oC mm Hg 180 mm Hg at 25oC Vapour Density 2.97 Solubility in water @ 30 oC Others: Miscible with chloroform, (@ 20oC mm Hg) Not soluble ether, alcohol. Specific Gravity 0.659 at pH : Neutral (Water = 1) 20oC liquid

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.2% Flash Point oC NA (OC) TDG Flammability 3 UEL 7.5% Flash Point oC - 21.7 (CC)

Auto ignition Temperature oC 225 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Explodes Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits acrid smoke and fumes. . Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable. Incompatibility with Strong Oxidisers other material Reactivity Reacts vigorously with oxidising materials Hazardous Reaction Mixtures with dinitrogen tetraoxide may explode at 28oC Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, Eyes & Skin Effects of Exposure / Inhalation : Causes irritation of respiratory tract, cough, mild depression, cardiac Symptoms arrhythmia. Aspiration : Causes severe lung irritation, coughing, pulmonary edema, excitement followed by depression. Ingestion: Causes nausea, vomiting, swelling of abdomen, headache, depression. Eyes & Skin: Causes irritation. Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Maintain respiration, give O2 if needed. Aspiration: Before bed rest, give O2 if needed. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Eyes: Wash with plenty of water for 15 mins. Skin: Wipe of the affected area and wash with soap and water. For any type of exposure, immediately seek medical aid. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 28710 mg/kg LD50

Permissible Not listed ppm mg/m3 Odour Threshold 60 ppm 210 mg/m3

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) 50 ppm 180 mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm mg/m3 Not listed


75

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapours Equipment Provide face shield or safety goggles to protect the eyes, plastic or rubber hand gloves, eye wash facilities.

Handling and Storage Store in a dry, cool, explosion proof area. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media CO2 , Dry Chemical Powder, foam. Do not use water jet.


EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation: Maintain respiration, give oxygen if required. Aspiration: Before bed rest, give O2 if required. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Skin: Wipe off and wash the affected area with soap & water. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 mins. For any type of exposure, seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages N.A. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Contain the leaking liquid on sand or earth. Wash the surface with water & soap. Waste Disposal Method Spray into a furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with more more flammable solvent.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Can cause motor neuropathy in exposed workers. May be irritating to the respiratory tract and narcotic in high concentrations. Inhalation of 5000 ppm for 1/6 hrs. produces marked vertigo parethesia in distal extremities. 2500-500 ppm produces muscle weakness, cold onset & polyneuropathy. 2000 ppm for 1/6 hrs. produces no symptoms. Dangerous if abused. An additive, permitted in food for human consumption. A very dangerous and explosion hazard when exposed to heat or flame.

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7.18 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF HYDRAZINE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : HYDRAZINE Chemical Classification : Inorganic Compound

Synonyms: Hydrazine, Anhydrous; Diamine Trade Name

Formula H4 N2 C.A.S.NO.302-01-2 UN. NO. 2029 Regulated Shipping Name : Hydrazine Anhydrous Identification Codes/Label : Flammable, Corrosive Liquid, Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 2 PE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Hydrazine 302-01-2 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range 113.5oC Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless, fuming liquid Vapour pressure Odour: Ammoniacal Odour @ 35oC Not available Melting / Freezing 1.4oC 14.9 mm Hg at 25 oC Point ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 1.1 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Soluble Miscible with Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl and Iso-butyl Alcohol.s Specific Gravity 1.008 pH : Alkaline (Water = 1) @ 20oC (Liq.)

77

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 4.7 % Flash Point oC 37.7 (OC) TDG Flammability 3 UEL 100 % Flash Point oC Not Available (CC)

Auto ignition Temperature oC 270 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Explodes Explosion Sensitivity to Static Explodes Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits highly toxic fumes of NOx and NH3 . Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material Yes Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable at room temp. Decomposes if heated. Incompatibility with Oxidisers, Hydrogen Peroxide, Nitric Acid, Metal Oxides / Acids and porous other material materials. Reactivity Violent reaction with Benzene-Seleninic Acid or anhy.CO2 + Steel, Copper Oxide, Lead Oxide, Potassium Peroxodisulphate, Ruthenium (III) Chloride. Hazardous Reaction Forms sensitive, explosive mixture with 2-Chloro-5-Methyl Nitrobenzene, Products Metal salts. {e.g. Cadmium Perchlorate, Copper Chlorate, Magnesium Nitrate (heat sensitive), Hg(I) & (II) Chlorites & Nitrates.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin and Eyes. Effects of Exposure / Vapours can cause itching, swelling and blistering of eyelids, skin, nose and Symptoms throat. The symptoms may be delayed for several hours. Temporary blindness may occur. Liquid causes a caustic-like burn, if not washed off at once. Ingestion or absorption through skin causes nausea, dizziness, headache. Severe exposure may cause death. Emergency Treatment For any type of exposure, seek medical aid immediately. Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area. Observe for development of delayed symptoms. Keep the victim quiet. Ingestion: Induce vomiting. Give egg white or other emollient. Skin & Eyes: Wash with large amounts of water for at least 15 mins. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 60 mg/kg

Permissible 0.1 ppm 0.1SHC mg/m3 Odour Threshold 3-4 ppm 3.93-5.24 mg/m3

Exposure Limit (Skin) (Sk)

TLV (ACGIH) 0.1 ppm 0.1SHC mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3

(Skin) (Skin) NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity Special 3 3 2

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6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. Equipment Provide self-contained breathing apparatus, Ammonia like gas mask, rubber or plastic hand gloves, over clothing, side covered safety glasses, shoes and safety shower nearby.

Handling and Storage Strict precautions are to be observed for storage. Should be stored in sealed glass Precautions containers, in a cool and dark place, away from heat flame and other materials.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Water, Alcohol resistant Foam, CO2 , Dry Chemical Powder.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat, fire or flame. Unusual Hazards Explodes if confined & flashback may occur.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures For any type of exposure, seek medical aid immediately. Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area. Observe for development of delayed symptoms. Keep the victim quiet. Ingestion : Induce vomiting, give egg white or other emollient. Skin & Eyes : Wash with large amount of water for at least 15 mins. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk, Contain the spillage on sand or earth. Waste Disposal Method Dilute with water to produce at least 40% solution.

Neutralise with dilute sulphuric acid. Drain into sewer with abundant water.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES LC50 = 570 ppm/4H(inh-rat). The compound is CORROSIVE AND SUSPECTED HUMAN CARCINOGEN (SHC). Severe explosion hazard, when exposed to heat or flame or by chemical reaction. Explodes on contact with Barium / Calcium Compounds (at 130oC). Potentially explosive reaction with alkali metals. Forms explosive mixture with Methanol + Nitromethane, air Lithium Perchlorate, Sodium Perchlorate and Sodium. Ignites on contact with cotton waste + heavy metals, Di-nitrogen Oxide, Rhenium + Alumina. Nitric Acid, H2O2. Ignites spontaneously in air. Full instructions to be obtained from the Manufacturers. IT IS VERY SENSITIVE AND MUST NOT BE USED WITHOUT FULL AND COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE MANUFACTURERS FOR HANDLING, STORAGE AND DISPOSAL. On contact with metal catalysts, it decomposes to NH3, H2 and N2 which may ignite or explode. Violent reaction with 1-Chloro-2, 4-Dinitrobenzene, Oxidants and Thiocynate.

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7.19 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID

1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: Hydrochloric Acid Chemical Classification : Inorganic Acid

Synonyms: Muratic Acid Trade Name: Muratic Acid

Formula: HCL C.A.S.NO. 7647-01-0 UN. NO. 1789 Regulated Shipping Name : Identification Codes/Label : Hazardous waste I.D. No: Hazchem Code : 2R HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. HCL 7647-01-0 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC -84.8 Physical State : Fuming liquid/gas Appearance : colourless Melting / Freezing oC -114.3 Vapour pressure Odour: Pungent Point @ 35oC mm Hg 4 atm Hg at 17.8 oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 1.27 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) soluble Specific Gravity pH: Acidic (Water = 1)

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL Not applicable Flash Point oC Not applicable (OC) TDG Flammability No UEL Not applicable Flash Point oC Not applicable (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC Not applicable Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Not applicable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Not applicable. Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Not applicable Hazardous Polymerization Will not polymerise Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Reacts explosively with Potassium Permanganate, Sodium, Tetraselenium tetranitride is Other material also explosive. Reactivity Reacts rapidly with Bases Hazardous Reaction Nil Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation: The major effects of acute exposure to HCL are usually limited to upper Respiratory tract. Exposure to the gas causes cough, burning of the throat and larynx and Choking feeling, inflammation and ulceration of the nose, throat and larynx. Exposure to Higher concentration may cause laryngeal spasm, and oedema of the lungs and vocal Cords. Prolonged or repeated exposure may cause dental decolouration and erosion. Gastritis and chronic bronchitis have also been reported in exposed workers. Giddiness, Mental confusion and nausea. Skin contact: Cause skin burns and may produce keloid and rectile scarring. Facial burns May result in serious and disfiguring scars. Frequent contact with dilute acid may cause Dermatitis and photo-senstisation may result from industrial contact. Eye Contact: Hydrochloric acid is a strong eye irritant and contact with the acid may Cause burns, reduced vision and total blindness. Ingestion: Ingestion of HCL causes severe burns and corrosion of mouth esophagus and Stomach. Symptom include dysphasia, pain, nausea, vomiting , Diarrhea and thirst. Circulatory collapse may occur and ingestion may lead to fatal effects from esophageal Or gastric necrosis. Symptoms Emergency Treatment Eye: Wash eye with flowing water for 10 minutes. Lung: Remove casualty from area of exposure. If unconscious, do not give anything to Drink, give artificial ventilation, chest compression or place in the recovery position, if Conscious give oxygen if available. Mouth : Do not make the casualty vomit. Treat unconscious casualty as for lungs. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing immediately, drench the affected area with running Water for at least 10 minutes. In all cases of exposure, the patient should be transferred to Hospital as soon as possible. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) L.D50

81

Permissible ppm mg/m3 Odour Threshold ppm mg/mg3

Exposure Limit TLV (ACGIH) 5 ppm 7 mg/m3 STEL ppm mg/m3


6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Approved respirator, Safety goggles, neoprene, viton or butyl rubber glove and acid Equipment resistant outer clothing , mechanical exhaust. Handling and Storage It should be handled wearing an approved and appropriate personal protective Precautions equipment as indicated above. It should be kept in a cool well ventilated place, away from oxidising materials and protected against physical damage.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Hydrochloric acid is not combustible, so an extinguisher appropriate to the surrounding fire condition should be used. Unusual Hazards EXPOSURE First Aid Measures As described in health hazard data. Antidotes/Dosages: SPILLS Steps to be take Cover the spill with sodium bi-carbonate or a 50-50 mixture of soda

ash- calcium hydroxide and slowly & carefully mix to a slurry. If highly concentrated acid is spilled, the first priority is to contain by dyking and dilute with water spray to reduce fuming before neutralisation.

Waste Disposal Method: Ventilate the area and wear personal protective equipment. Add slowly to a

large amount of soda ash and slaked lime by stirring. Discharge the solution with large amount of water into a sink lined with protective matting and filled with chipped marbles. Carefully scoop up and wash down the drain with plenty of running water. Allow 2-3 minutes between each stage as heat is generated by neutralisation.

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7.20 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : HYDROFLUORIC ACID Chemical Classification : Inorganic Acid

Synonyms: Hydro-fluoride, Hydrogen Fluoride, Trade Name : Fluohydric Acid

Formula HF C.A.S.NO.7664-39-3 UN. No. 1790 Regulated Shipping Name : Hydrofluoric Acid Solution Identification Codes/Label : Corrosive, Poison, Class-8 Hazardous Waste I.D. No: 16 Hazchem Code : 4 WE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Hydrofluoric Acid 7664-39-3 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 19.54 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless to Green Melting / Freezing oC -83.1 Vapour pressure @ 35 oC Odour: Irritation Odour Point 400 mm Hg @ 2.5oC. _________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density 1.27 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: (Air = 1) Very Soluble Specific Gravity 1.19 pH Acidic (Water = 1)

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3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability N.A. UEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC Not Pertinent Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Stable Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits highly corrosive fumes of F. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Metals, concrete, glass, ceramics & cast iron. Will attack natural rubber, leather, other material. Many organic materials. Reactivity Reacts with water or steam to produce toxic & corrosive fumes. Violent reaction with AS2O3,P2O3, Acetic Anhydride, 2-Amino Ethanol, NH4OH, HBi03, Bismuthic Acid, CaO, Chloro-sulfonic Acid. Hazardous Reaction Toxic and irritating fumes are evolved on reaction with water or steam. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, Eyes & Skin. Effects of Exposure/ A human poison by inhalation, corrosive, irritant to skin, eyes (at 0.05 mg/L) and Symptoms mucous membrane. Inhalation : Causes ulcers of upper respiratory tract. Acid produces severe skin burns

which are slow healing. Emergency Treatment If ingested, give plenty of water & milk. Do not induce vomiting. If skin & eyes are

affected, flush with plenty of water. If inhaled, remove the victim to fresh air area & provide artificial respiration. Seek medical aid immediately for all types of exposure.

L.D50 (Oral-Rat) Not listed mg/Kg

Permissible 3 (Ceiling) ppm 2.5 (Ceiling) mg/m3 Odour Threshold Not ppm Not mg/m3


TLV (ACGIH) 3 (Ceiling) ppm 2.5 (Celing) mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3


84

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapours. Equipment. Provide chemical protective suit with self-contained breathing apparatus, Face mask, shower and eye wash equipment should be available easily.

Handling and Storage Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area. Dangerous storage hazard with Nitric Precautions Acid + Lactic Acid, Nitric Acid + Propylene Glycol (mixtures evolve gas which may burst a sealed container).

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Not Flammable

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Flammable gas may be produced on contact with metal.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures If ingested, give plenty of milk & water. If inhaled, remove the victim to fresh air area. If skin & eyes are affected, wash with plenty of water. Seek medical aid immediately for all types of exposures. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Contain the

leaking liquid on sand or earth. Waste Disposal Method Add slowly to a large amount of soda ash and slaked lime by , stirring. Discharge the solution with large amount of water Into a sink lined with protective matting and filled with Chipped marbles.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Explosive with Cyanogen Fluoride, Glycol + Nitric Acid, Sodium (with Aqueous Acid), Methanesulfonic Acid (evolves Oxygen Difluoride which explodes).

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7.21 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF HYDROGEN 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : HYDROGEN Chemical Classification : Inorganic Gas

Synonyms: Liquid Hydrogen, Para Hydrogen, Hydrogen(Compressed) Trade Name : Hydrogen

Formula H2 C.A.S.NO.1333-74-0 UN. NO. 1049 Regulated Shipping Name : Hydrogen, Compressed gas, Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Gas, Class 2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 2 SE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Hydrogen 1333-74-0 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC -252.8 Physical State : Gas Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC -259.18 Vapour pressure N.A. Odour: Odourless Point @ 35oC mm Hg ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 0.069 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Slightly soluble Specific Gravity 0.0899 pH Not Pertinent (Water = 1)

86

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 4.1% Flash Point oC NP (OC) TDG Flammability 2 UEL 74.2% Flash Point oC NP (CC)

Auto ignition Temperature oC 400 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Explodes Electricity Hazardous Combustion products None Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material Yes Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Reacts vigorously with oxidising materials (Bromine, Chlorine etc.) No chemical other material reaction with common materials but low temperature causes most materials to become very brittle. Reactivity Violent reaction on ignition with air + catalyst (platinum etc ) Bromine, Iodine, Di-oxane + Nickel, Lithium, Nitrogen Tri-fluoride, Nickel + Oxygen, Oxygen Di-fluoride, Pet. + Isopropyl Alcohol Hazardous Reaction. It forms sensitive explosive mixtures with Bromine, Chlorine, Iodine Products Hepta-fluoride, Chlorine Dioxide.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Skin, Inhalation Effects of Exposure/ If atmosphere does not contain enough oxygen, inhalation causes dizziness, Symptoms unconsciousness or even death. Contact with eyes or skin of liquid H2 causes freezing

similar to burn. Emergency Treatment Inhalation : If victim is unconscious (due to deficiencies), move him to fresh air area And apply resuscitation method. Eyes and skin: Treat for frostbite. Soak the skin in Lukewarm water. Seek medical aid. L.D50 Not listed L.D50

Permissible ppm mg/m3 Odour Threshold Odourless ppm Odourless mg/mg3

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) ppm mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3


87

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or gas. Equipment Provide safety goggles, face shield, insulated gloves and long sleeves, trousers Worn over high top shoes to shed spilled liquid, self-contained breathing Apparatus containing air (never use oxygen). Handling and Storage Store in a cool, fire-proof, with ventilated area, separated from other cylinders, Precautions preferably in open air.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Stop flow of gas, let fire burn under control.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Flash back along vapour trail may occur. EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation : If victim is unconscious (due to O2 deficiency), move him to fresh air area and apply resuscitation method. Eyes & Skin : Treat for frostbite, soak the skin in Luke- Warm water. Seek medical aid. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Explosion hazard. Waste Disposal Method To be burnt under control condition.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Practically no toxicity, except that it is an asphyxiant. Highly dangerous fire and severe explosion hazard when exposed to heat and flame and oxidisers. Flammable and explosive when mixed with air, O2, Cl2. Vigorous exothermic reactions with Benzene + Reney Nickel Catalyst, metals (like Strontium, Potassium, Barium-above 300oC) ventilate at highest points.

88

7.22 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : HYDROGEN SULPHIDE Chemical Classification : Inorganic Gas

Synonyms: Sulphuretted Hydrogen Trade Name : -

Formula H2S C.A.S.NO.7783-06-4 UN. No. 1053 Regulated Shipping Name : Hydrogen Sulphide, Liquefied. Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Gas, Class 2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 16 Hazchem Code : 2 W E HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Hydrogen Sulfide 7783-06-4 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC -60.4 Physical State : Gas Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC -82.8 Vapour pressure Odour: Odour of rotton eggs Point @ 35oC 15200 mm Hg at 25.5oC ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density 1.189 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Soluble in Glycerol, ethyl alcohol, (Air = 1) Soluble Crude oil and alkalies. Specific Gravity 0.916 pH Not pertinent (Water = 1) at - 60 oC Liquid

89

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 4% Flash Point oC - (OC) TDG Flammability 2 UEL 46% Flash Point oC - (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC 260 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Not available Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits highly toxic fumes of SOx. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Oxidisers, Metals. other material. Reactivity Vigorous reaction with metal powders, incandescent reaction with Chromium Tri-oxide. Reacts violently with NI3NF3, P-Bromo-benzene-diazonium Chloride, Acetaldehyde etc. Mixture of Hydrogen sulphide and air may explode violently. Hazardous Reaction Reacts with 4-Bromobenzenediazonium Chloride to form an explosive product. products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, skin & eyes Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation : If high concentrations are inhaled, hypernoea & respiratory paralysis Symptoms may occur. Very high concentration may produce pulmonary edema. Skin & eyes: Causes severe irritation. Emergency Treatment Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area, provide artificial respiration or Oxygen if needed. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 mins. Skin : Remove the contaminated clothing & wash the affected area with plenty of water & soap. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) Not available mg/Kg L.D50


Exposure Limit



90

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with gas. Equipment. Provide rubber framed side covered goggles, approved respirator, rubber hand gloves, over-clothing and shoes.

Handling and Storage Keep in a cool, dry well ventilated area, away from oxidising agents. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Alcohol foam, CO2, DCP.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to

heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Flash back along vapour trail may occur.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area, Provide artificial respiration or oxygen if needed. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 mins. Skin : Remove the contaminated clothing and wash the

affected area with plenty of water and soap. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks, if without risk. Waste Disposal Method If in the liquid form, allow to vapourise. In case of gas Leakage, pass through FeCl3 solution with a trap in line for prevention of back siphoning. Place cylinder in or near hood and leave bleed off.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES LC50 = 444 ppm (ihl-rat). Extremely hazardous, poisonous and flammable gas. An asphyxiant. Low concentration of 20-150 ppm causes irritation of eyes. Slightly higher concentrations may cause irritation of upper respiratory tract. Exposures of 800-1000 ppm may be fatal in 30 mins. Higher concentrations are instantly fatal. H2S poisoning may occur even more rapidly than that of HCN. Potentially explosive reaction with Copper + Oxygen. Explosive reaction when heated with Perchloryl Fluoride (above 100 oC), oxygen (above 280oC). Explodes when in contact OF2, NC13, Br2F5, CIF3, C12O & Silver Fulminate.

91

7.23 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF ISOBUTYLENE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: Isobutylene Chemical Classification : Hydrocarbon

Synonyms: Isobutene Trade Name: Isobutylene

Formula: (CH3) 2C=CH2 C.A.S.NO. 115-11-7 UN. NO. 1055 Regulated Shipping Name : Isobutylene Identification Codes/Label : Flammable gas, Class 2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: Hazchem Code : HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. 90-100% Isobutylene 115-11-7 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC -7 Physical State : Gas Appearance : Colourless gas Melting / Freezing oC -140 Vapour pressure Odour: Point @ 35oC mm Hg 1370 mm Hg at 10 oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 2.01 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Insoluble Specific Gravity O.6 pH: (Water = 1) at 15.6oC

92

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.8 % Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability UEL 9.6% Flash Point oC -76 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 465 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Explosion Sensitivity to Static N.A. Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Smoke, CO, Aldehydes and other products of incomplete combustion. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material Yes Corrosive Material : No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Material is normally stable at moderately elevated temp. and pressures. Incompatibility with Avoid materials which liberate oxygen. Strong oxidising agent, Halogens, Halogenated other material compounds, molten sulphur, organic & inorganic acids. Reactivity Air contamination causes peroxide formation. Hazardous Reaction As in Fire & Explosion hazard Data. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Vomiting, eye irritation, burn and blistering of the skin, labored breathing. Symptoms

Emergency Treatment Oral: Do not induce vomiting. If conscious give 2 glasses of water. Get immediate

medical help. Eye: Flush with water for 15 minutes. Get medical help if eye irritation persists. Skin: Wash with soap and water. Immediately remove contaminated clothing. Get

medical help, if irritation develops. Launder contaminated clothes before reuse. Do not use hot water, flush with luke warm water. Get immediate medical help, if burn has resulted in blistering of the dermal surface or deep tissue freezing.

Inhalation: Remove exposed person to fresh air if adverse effects are observed. If breathing is laboured, administer oxygen. If breathing stopped, apply artificial respiration.

L.D50 (Oral-Rat) L.D50


Exposure Limit TLV (ACGIH) ppm mg/m3 STEL ppm mg/m3


93

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Explosion proof equipment, Neoprene gloves, Chemical safety goggles, Face shield,

approved respirator, Self contained breathing apparatus , Long sleeve shift, Chemical Equipment protective apron, Nitrile rubber boots. Handling and Storage Keep material away from heat, sparks, static electricity and open flame. Open Precautions container in a ventilated area. Avoid breathing vapours. Keep containers close when not

in use. Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not expose containers to heat ,flame spark or other sources of ignition.

Do not store near potential sources of ignition. Isolated outside storage is preferred. Inside storage area should in a flammable liquids cabinet or storage area.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Carbon di-oxide, dry chemical powder, water can be used to cool and

protect the exposed material. Special Procedures Recommended wearing self contained breathing apparatus . Stop flow of

gas when escaping gas is burning. Water may cause splattering. Material will float on water.

Unusual Hazards Material can readily volatilise even below room temperature to form an

explosive vapour air mixture. Toxic fumes, gases or vapours may evolve on burning. Vapours may be heavier than air and may travel along the ground to a distant ignition source and flash back. Container may rupture on heating.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Explained in emergency treatment. Antidotes/Dosages: SPILLS Steps to be taken May form explosive mixtures with air. Immediately evacuate all personnel

from danger area. PPE must be worn. Eliminate all sources of heat, sparks pilot light, static electricity and open flames. Ventilate spill area. Prevent entry into sewers and water ways. Allow to evaporate .

Waste Disposal Method

94

7.24 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF LPG 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS Chemical Classification : Hydrocarbon Mixture

Synonyms: LPG, Propane, Butane, Propylene, Trade Name : LPG Purofax, Bottled Gas.

Formula C3H8, C4H10 (Mixture) C.A.S.NO. 68476-85-7 UN. No. 1075 Regulated Shipping Name: Petroleum Gases, Liquefied. Identification Codes/Label : Flammable, Class 2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 5 Hazchem Code : 2 W E HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Propane 74-98-6 3. Propylene 115-07-1 2. Butane 106-97-8 4.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC >-40 Physical State : Gas at 15 oC Appearance : Colourless and 1 atm. Melting / Freezing oC Not Vapour pressure Odour: Mercaptan added as an odouriser Point Pertinent @ 35oC Not mm Hg. available ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density 1.5 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Soluble in Organic Solvents, (Air = 1) Slight Alcohol Specific Gravity 0.51-0.58 pH Not pertinent (Water = 1) at 50oC

95

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.9% Flash Point oC - (OC) TDG Flammability 2 UEL 9.5% Flash Point oC - 104.4 (CC)

Auto ignition Temperature oC 466.1 Propane, 405 Butane Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Not established Explosion Sensitivity to Static May explode. Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits CO, CO2

Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Strong Oxidisers. other material. Reactivity No reaction with common materials but may react with oxidising materials. Hazardous Reaction Not available. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Skin. Effects of Exposure/ Concentration in air greater than 10% causes dizziness in few minutes. 1% conc. Symptoms gives the same symptoms in 10 mts. High concentration causes asphyxiation. Liquid on skin causes frostbite.

Emergency Treatment If inhaled, remove the victim to fresh air area. Provide artificial resuscitation. Skin: Remove the wetted clothes & wash the affected area with plenty of water. Eyes: Flush with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) Not listed mg/kg L.D50

Permissible Not ppm Not listed mg/m3 Odour Threshold 5000 to 20000 ppm mg/m3

Exposure Limit listed

TLV (ACGIH) 1000 ppm 1800 mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3


96

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or gas. Equipment. Provide hand gloves, safety goggles, gas mask, protective over-clothing and shoes.

Handling and Storage Keep in tightly closed cylinders in a cool, well ventilated area, away from Precautions heat, flame, sparks.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media CO2 , Dry Chemical Powder, Water Spray.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to fire or heat. Unusual Hazards Ifnot cooled sufficiently, containers will explode in fire.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures If inhaled, remove the victim to open air area & artificial resuscitation may be provided if required. If skin is affected with the liquid, remove the clothing & wash the affected area with plenty of water. Seek medical aid. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Warn everybody that air mixture is explosive. Waste Disposal Method Allow gas to burn under control.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Avoid contact with oxidisers. Olefinic impurities may lead to narcotic effect or it may act as a simple asphyxiant. A very dangerous hazard when exposed to heat or flame. If fire is big, keep surrounding areas cool by spraying water.

97

7.25 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: Maleic Anhydride Chemical Classification : Organic Anhydride

Synonyms: Cis-Butenedioic Anhydride, 2,5 Furandione Trade Name: Maleic Anhydride

Formula: HCCHCOOCO C.A.S.NO. 108-31-6 UN. NO. 2215 Regulated Shipping Name : Maleic anhydride Identification Codes/Label : Corrosive, Class 8 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 5 Hazchem Code : 2X HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Maleic Anhydride 108-31-6 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 202 Physical State : Solid Appearance : White needles or powder Melting / Freezing oC 52.8 Vapour pressure Odour: Pungent Point @ 35oC mm Hg 0.1 mm Hg at 20 oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 3.3 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Soluble Soluble in ether and acetone Specific Gravity 1.30 pH: Acidic (Water = 1) at 70oC

98

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.4 % Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability UEL 7.1% Flash Point oC 103 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 421 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Explosion Sensitivity to Static N.A. Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Monomer can undergo uncontrolled co-polymerisation In presence of other monomers and catalysts. At temperatures above 150 Deg C Alkali metal ions and amines can trigger a rapid decomposition and

polymerisation reaction producing heat & gas and may cause the equipment to rupture.

Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material Yes Corrosive Material : Yes Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Material is normally stable at moderately elevated temp. and pressures. This material may

react with water in a non-violent reaction with some release of heat. Incompatibility with Material is incompatible with water, alkalis, oxidising agents, Amines, Alkali metals other material Polymerisation catalysts and accelerators. Reactivity Hazardous Reaction Smoke, Carbon monoxide, Aldehydes, and other products of incomplete combustion. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Oral toxicity, Eye irritation, Skin irritation, Dermal toxicity, Inhalation toxicity, Respiratory irritation, Dermal sensitization, Inhalation sensitization. Effects of Exposure/ Oral Toxicity: Cause irritation of the gastro-intenstinal lining, nausea, vomiting, Symptoms diarrhea and abdominal pain. Eye Irritation : Corrosive to eyes. Skin Irritation : Corrosive to skin. Inhalation Toxicity : High concentration can cause headaches, dizziness, weakness and

nausea. Prolonged or repeated exposures can cause chronic bronchitis. Respiratory Irritation : Nose, throat & lung irritation, prolonged or repeated exposure can

result damage to the tissues of nose & upper respiratory tract.

Emergency Treatment Skin : Immediately wash in flowing water for 15 minutes, remove contaminated cloth, Discard shoes and other leather articles. Eye : Flush immediately with water for 15 minutes. Inhalation : Remove exposed person to fresh air. If breathing is labored, administer

oxygen. If breathing stopped, apply artificial respiration. If irritation persists or if toxic symptoms are observed, get medical attention. Oral : Do not induce vomiting. If conscious, give two glasses of water and get

immediate medical attention to perform gastric lavage. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 481 mg/kg L.D50

99

Permissible 0.25 ppm 1 mg/m3 Odour Threshold 25 ppm mg/mg3

Exposure Limit TLV (ACGIH) 0.25 ppm 1 mg/m3 STEL ppm mg/m3



Personal Protective Heat protective gloves, Face shield, Approved full face piece respirator, chemical

protective suit. Equipment. Handling and Storage Keep containers closed when not in use. Avoid creating dust. Maintain good Precautions housekeeping. Wash thoroughly after handling, Launder contaminated cloth before reuse Empty container retain material residue. Do not cut, weld, braze, solder, drill etc.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Flood with water. Special Procedures Recommend wearing self contained breathing apparatus . Unusual Hazards Volatile solid which give off flammable vapours when molten. Keep

material away from heat, spark, pilot lights, static electricity and open flame. May form explosive dust –air mixtures. Use inert gas atm or ground process equipment.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Mentioned under health hazard data Antidotes/Dosages: Not available SPILLS Steps to be taken Pick up free solids for recycle and/or disposal. Sweep all the spilled

material avoiding dust formation for recycle/ disposal. Wash the surface with soap and water.

Waste Disposal Method Dissolve in a flammable solvent and burn in a furnace with after burner.

Soak in paper or other flammable material and burn in a furnace.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES When suspended in air in finely devided condition , it is capable of forming explosive mixture with air. Condensers in which sublimed material settles in the form of fone crystals should be situated in a safe position outside an occupied room.

100

7.26 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF METHANOL 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: Methanol Chemical Classification : Methanol, Wood alcohol, Carbinol, Wood naphtha, GE material

Synonyms: Methyl Alcohol, carbinol, Wood alcohol Trade Name: Methanol

Formula: CH3OH C.A.S.NO. 67-56-1 UN. NO. 1230 Regulated Shipping Name : Methanol, Identification Codes/Label : Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 2PE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. 99.8% Methyl Alcohol 67-56-1 2. 100% Methlyl Alcohol 67-56-1,F003,U154

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 64.5 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Clear Colourless Melting / Freezing --97.8 oC Vapour pressure Odour: Alcohol Point @ 21.2oC mm Hg 100 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 1.1 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Fully soluble in halogenated (Air = 1) Totally miscible hydrocarbons, alcohols ,ketones and esters. Specific Gravity 0.791 pH: N.A. (Water = 1)

101

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 5.5 % Flash Point oC 16.1 (OC) TDG Flammability UEL 36.5% Flash Point oC 12.2 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 465 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Vapour is explosive Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Smoke, CO, Aldehyde & other products. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Keep away the material from heat spark, pilot lamps, Static electricity, isolated outside storage is preferred. Inside storage

should be in a flammable liquid cabinet or storage area. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material Yes Corrosive Material : No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Nil Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable under normal storage and use conditions. It does not undergo hazardous

polymerization. Incompatibility with Acids, Oxidising agents, other material Reactivity Not available. Hazardous Reaction Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents such as nitrates, perchlorates or sulphuric acid. Products Oxidation in air include oxides of carbon and nitrogen.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, skin absorption or ingestion. Effects of Exposure/ Ingestion can produce blindness. Symptoms of over-exposure include dizziness, Symptoms visual impairment, nausea, respiratory failure, muscular in-coordination and narcosis.

Repeated skin contact will cause dermatitis, erythema and scaling. Ingestion of 100 to 250 ml can be fatal.

Emergency Treatment Remove contaminated clothing & wash affected area with soap & water and apply skin

lotion. Irrigate with running water for 15 minutes. Remove victim to fresh air and prevent further exposure for 7 days. Give 3 glasses milk, water or 4% sodium bicarbonate, gastric lavage by medical personnel.

L.D50 (Oral-Rat) More than 5000 mg/1 kg L.D50

Permissible 200 ppm (skin) mg/m3 Odour Threshold ppm mg/mg3


NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity Special - 2 3 0

102


Personal Protective Rubber gloves, apron, boots and face shield should be used where splashing may occur Equipment. safety goggles, breathing apparatus.

Handling and Storage Store in well ventilated fire proof area, away from sources of heat, open flame and Precautions ignition. No smoking in areas of storage. Avoid prolong breathing of vapour or contact

with skin. Avoid contact with eyes. This material is poisonous when introduced into body metabolism. Do not ingest.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media CO2, DCP, Alcohol foam. Water can be used to cool and protect the

exposed material. Special Procedures Recommend wearing self contained breathing apparatus. Water may be in-effective in fighting fires. Unusual Hazards Toxic fumes, gases or vapours may evolve on burning, vapours may be

heavier than air and may travel along the ground to a distant ignition source and flash back. Container may rupture on heating.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Skin : Wash with soap & water. Immediately remove contaminated

clothing before reuse. Eye : Flush immediately with water for at least 15 minutes. Get

immediate medical attention. Inhalation : Remove the exposed person to the fresh air. If breathing has

stopped, apply artificial respiration. If the irritation persists or if the toxic symptoms are observed, get medical attention.

Oral : If conscious, give several glasses of water and induce vomiting. get immediate medical attention. In the victims displaying signs of central nervous system depression do not induce vomiting.

Additonal : Note to physician : Treat symptomatically. Antidotes/Dosages: Baking soda in a glass of water SPILLS Steps to be taken May form explosive mixtures with air. Immediately evacuate all

personnel from danger area. PPE’s must be worn. Eliminate all sources of heat, sparks, pilot lights, static electricity and open flames. Ventilate spill area. Prevent entry into sewers and waterways. Pick up free liquid for recycle and / or disposal. It can be accomplished safely by explosion proof equipment. Residual liquid can be absorbed on inert material.

Waste Disposal Method Spray into a furnace, incineration will become easier by mixing with a

more flammable solvent..

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES A human poison by ingestion. Poison also by skin contact. The main toxic effect is extended to the nervous system, particularly optic nerves & retina, which may lead to permanent blindness. Once absorbed, it is slowly eliminated. coma by severe exposure may last for 2-4 days. Persons with eye, liver, kidney & lung problems should avoid contact. Periodic medical check up is recommended. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, and oxidisers.

103

7.27 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF METHYL ETHYL KETONE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : METHYL ETHYL KETONE Chemical Classification : Hydrocarbon

Synonyms: 2- Butanone, Butan-2-one, Methyl Propanone , Trade Name : MEK Ethyl methyl Ketone, MEK Formula CH3 COCH2CH3 C.A.S.NO.78-93-3 UN. No. 1193 Regulated Shipping Name : Methyl Ethyl Ketone Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Liquid, Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 5 Hazchem Code : 2 YE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Methyl Ethyl Ketone 78-93-3 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 79.57 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC - 87 Vapour pressure Odour: Somewhat pungent Point @ 35oC mm Hg 100 mm Hg at 25oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 2.41 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) 26.3 gm/100 mg. Soluble in all common organic solvents. Specific Gravity 0.805 pH (Water = 1) at 20oC

104

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.8% Flash Point oC -2 (OC) TDG Flammability 3.2 UEL 12 % Flash Point oC -4 (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC 460 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Stable Electricity Hazardous Combustion products N.A. . Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable but can form peoxides on prolonged storage which may be explosive Incompatibility with Oxidising agent. other material. Reactivity Reacts violently with oleum, caustic, ammonia, aldehyde or amines. Hazardous Reaction Not unusual. . Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Skin, Inhalation & eyes Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation: Coughing, shortness of breath, headache, irritation of respiratory tract. Symptoms Ingestion : Irritation of digestive tract, nausea and vomiting, headache, dizziness (Highly toxic). Skin: Causes defatting and burning. Eyes: Irritation and burning. Emergency Treatment Inhalation :Remove the victim to fresh air, give artificial respiration if breathing has stopped.. O2 if breathing is laboured. Ingestion: Give plenty of water to conscious victim and induce vomiting. Skin: Wash the affected area with water and remove contaminated clothing. Eyes: Irrigate eyes with plenty of water. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 3.4 g/kg L.D50 (skin rabbit) : 6g/kg

Permissible 200 ppm 590 mg/m3 Odour Threshold 10 ppm 29.49 mg/m3

Exposure Limit



105

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Provide self-contained breathing apparatus and full protection clothing, goggles or Equipment face shield; neoprene or rubber gloves, high rubber boots, pant worn outside the boots.

Handling and Storage Should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place away from source of ignition Precautions and heat.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Foam, DCP, CO2

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Flush back along vapour-trail may occur.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation :Remove the victim to fresh air, give artificial respiration, if breathing has stopped and oxygen if breathing is laboured. Ingestion : Give plenty of water to conscious victim and induce vomiting. Skin :Wash affected area with water and remove contaminated clothing. Eyes: Wash eyes with plenty of water. Antidotes/Dosages N.A. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Absorb the spillage in sand or earth. Do not divert it to drain. Waste Disposal Method Spray into a furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with more flammable solvent.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES MEK has a low toxicity following both acute and chronic exposure. Prolonged exposure may produce CNS depression and narcosis. MEK is highly inflammable and is prone to fire-hazard.

106

7.28 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : METHYL ISOBUTYL KETONE Chemical Classification : Aliphatic Ketone

Synonyms: Hexone, Isopropyl Acetone, MIBK Trade Name : 4-Methyl - 2- Pentanone

Formula C6 H12 O C.A.S.NO.108-10-1 UN. No. 1245 Regulated Shipping Name : Methyl Isobutyl Ketone Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Liquid Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 3 YE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 108-10-1 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 116.2 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC -84 Vapour pressure Odour: Camphor Odour. Point @ 35oC 16 mm Hg at 20 oC ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density 3.45 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Miscible with Alcohol, (Air = 1) Moderately Soluble Benzene and Ether. Specific Gravity 0.802 pH Not pertinent (Water = 1) at 20oC Liquid

107

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.4 % Flash Point oC 23.8 (OC) TDG Flammability 3 UEL 7.5 % Flash Point oC 22.7 (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC 458.8 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Explodes Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits irritating fumes. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Air, Strong Oxidisers. other material. Reactivity Can react vigorously with Oxidisers and also with reducing materials. Hazardous Reaction May form explosive peroxides upon exposure to air. . Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation. Ingestion, Skin & Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Vapour causes irritation of eyes and nose. High concentration can cause anaesthesis Symptoms and depression. Liquid dries out on the skin and may cause dermatitis. Irritates eyes but does not injure them.

Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air area. Provide artificial respiration. Skin : Remove wetted clothes and wash the affected area thoroughly with water and soap until irritation stops. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 2080 mg/Kg L.D50 (skin rabbit)


Exposure Limit



108

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. Equipment. Provide organic canister or air-pack rubber hand gloves, safety goggles / face Shield, body overclothing and shoes.

Handling and Storage Keep in a cool, dry, well ventilated area away from heat, flame, oxidisers and Precautions reducing agents.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Alcohol Foam, Dry Chemical Powder CO2.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Flash back along the vapour may occur.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation :Remove the victim to fresh air area, apply artificial respiration and oxygen if needed. Skin : Remove the wetted cloths and wash the affected area thoroughly with plenty of water and soap until irritation stops. Eyes: Flush with plenty of water for 30 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not available SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Contain the spillage in sand or earth. Waste Disposal Method Spray into a furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with more flammable solvent.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES LC50 = 8000 ppm / 4 H (ihl-rat). A very systemic irritant by inhalation. Narcotic in high concentrations. Dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame or oxidisers. Ignites on contact on contact with potasium-tert-butoxide.

109

7.29 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF MTBE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether Chemical Classification : Ether

Synonyms: Alkyl ether Trade Name: MTBE

Formula: CH3OC(CH3) 3 C.A.S.NO. 1634-04-4 UN. NO. 1149 Regulated Shipping Name : MTBE Identification Codes/Label : Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: Hazchem Code : HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether 1634-04-4 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oF 53 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC -77 Vapour pressure Odour: Terpene like Point @ 35oC mm Hg 245 mm Hg at 20 oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 3.1 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Moderate Specific Gravity 0.747 pH: (Water = 1)

110

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.6% Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability UEL 8.4% Flash Point oF -9 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 435 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Not available Explosion Sensitivity to Static Not Available Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Nil Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Not available Incompatibility with Not available other material Reactivity Fire hazard. Hazardous Reaction Nil Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation: May cause signs of central nervous depression such as headaches,

dizziness, loss of appetite, weakness and loss of co-ordination. Skin contact: Repeated contact may cause skin to become dry or cracked from defatting Action of this material. Eye Contact: May cause irritation upon direct contact. Symptoms

Emergency Treatment Flush with low pressure water for at least 15 minutes. Obtain medical help immediately. Remove from contaminated to fresh air . Do not induce vomiting- aspiration into lungs May cause chemical pneumonia. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 3865 mg/kg L.D50


Exposure Limit TLV (ACGIH) ppm mg/m3 STEL ppm mg/m3


111

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Chemical type goggles, face mask, respiratory equipment approved by NIOSH/MESA Equipment Handling and Storage Avoid repeated skin contact, practice good personal hygiene, such as frequent cleaning with soap Precautions water. Keep away from sparks, open flame and heat. All electrical equipment should be suitable

for atmosphere containing MTBE.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Use dry chemical powder, foam or carbon dioxide. Special Procedure For fires involving this material, do not enter any enclosed or confined fire space without proper protective equipment including self contained breathing apparatus. Unusual Hazards Flammable vapours are released at standard conditions which Can form explosive mixture with air. EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation: Remove to fresh air. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Eye contact: Flush with water for at least 15 min. and obtain medical

attention immediately. Prompt attention is essential. Antidotes/Dosages: Not available SPILLS Steps to be taken Stop flow of product. Remove all sources of ignition. Contain spill Using sand or absorbent material. Run-off to sewer may create Explosion hazard. Waste Disposal Method Recover or inject in combustion system such as boilers or flare system.

112

7.30 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF NMP 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: N-Methyl 2-Pyrrolidone Chemical Classification : Ketone, Alicylic Amine

Synonyms: 1-Methyl 2-Pyrrolidone, M-Pyrol Trade Name: NMP

Formula C5H9 NO C.A.S.NO. 872-50-4 UN. NO. Regulated Shipping Name : NMP Identification Codes/Label : Flammable liquid, Class3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: Hazchem Code : HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. N-Methyl 2-Pyrrolidone 872-50-4 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 202 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Pale yellow Melting / Freezing oC - 23 Vapour pressure Odour: Amine Odour Point @ 35oC mm Hg 0.29mm Hg at 20 oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 3.4 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) soluble Soluble in Acetone Ether and Castor oil Specific Gravity !.026 pH: 7.7 – 8.0 @ 10% solution (Water = 1) at 25oC

113

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.3 % Flash Point oC 96 (OC) TDG Flammability UEL 9.5 % Flash Point oC 86 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 270 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Explosion Sensitivity to Static Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Toxic oxides of Carbon and Nitrogen Hazardous Polymerization - Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material Yes Corrosive Material: No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Polymerisation has been reported to occur under normal temperature. Incompatibility with Strong oxidisers,acids Other material Reactivity Fire & Explosion hazard. Hazardous Reaction Toxic oxides of carbon and nitrogen Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure/Symptoms Inhalation: Chronic exposure to very high vapour concentration may cause headache,

giddiness, mental confusion and nausea. Inhalation of very high concentrations may Cause mucous membrane irritation, Headache, Giddiness, Mental confusion and nausea. Ingestion: Acute exposure may cause gastrointestinal disturbances. Skin contact: Prolong contact has reported to cause severe dermatitis with redness,

cracking, swelling, blistering, edema. Eye Contact: Exposure to vapours may cause irritation. Contact with liquid may cause Painful burning . Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Remove from exposure to fresh air immediately. If breathing is stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep person warm and at rest. Get medical attention immediately. Ingestion: Remove by gastric lavage or emesis using activated charcoal. Do not perform gastric lavage or emesis to an unconscious person. Maintain blood pressure and respiration. Give oxygen if respiration is depressed. Get medical attention immediately. Lavage and oxygen should be administered by qualified medical personnel. Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Wash affected area with soap and mild detergent and large amount of water until no evidence of chemical remains ( approximately 15-20 minutes). Get medical attention immediately. Eye contact: Wash eyes immediately with large amount of water, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids, until no evidence of chemical remains (approximately 15-20 minutes). Get medical attention immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 3500 mg/kg L.D50


Exposure Limit TLV (ACGIH) 100 ppm mg/m3 STEL ppm mg/m3

114


6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Provide hand gloves, Protective clothing, Goggles or Face shield. Equipment Handling and Storage Should be stored in a flammable liquid store and away from sources of ignition or direct sunlight Precautions in a well ventilated place in a sealed metal containers protected against static discharges, oxygen

and humidity. Protective clothing should be worn especially eye protection and gloves. Many glove fabrics, including natural rubber and certain plastics are incompatible with N-methyl pyrrolidone.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media : Dry Powder, Alcohol Resistant Foam, Carbon dioxide Unusual Hazards : Large spills or tank fires are best controlled by alcohol resistant foam EXPOSURE First Aid Measures: Inhalation: remove from exposure to fresh air immediately If breathing is stopped,

perform artificial respiration. Keep person warm and at rest. Get medical attention immediately.

Ingestion: Remove by gastric lavage or emesis using activated charcoal. Do not perform gastric lavage or emesis to an unconscious person. Maintain blood pressure and respiration. Give oxygen if respiration is depressed. Get medical attention immediately. Lavage and oxygen should be administered by qualified medical

personnel. Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing immediately. Wash affected area with

soap and mild detergent and large amount of water until no evidence of chemical remains (approximately 15-20 minutes). Get medical attention immediately.

Eye contact: Wash eyes immediately with large amount of water, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids, until no evidence of chemical remains (approximately 15-20 minutes). Get medical attention immediately.

Antidotes/Dosages: No specific antidote, treat symptomatically and supportively. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. For small spills, absorb with Sand or other absorbent material for disposal. For larger spills, dyke far ahead of spill. No smoking, flames or flares in hazard area. Keep unnecessary people away from hazard area and deny entry. Waste Disposal Method Shut off all sources of ignition, wear eye skin protection and

have breathing apparatus available. Small quantities may be absorbed on paper and evaporated on a fume cupboard (do not pour into drains as explosive concentrations may develop). Large quantities should be absorbed on to sand and taken to safe area for evaporation or burial. Ideally, the solvent should be disposed of in a chemical incinerator with appropriate precautions.

115

7.31 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF PENTANE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : PENTANE Chemical Classification : Hydrocarbon

Synonyms: C5H12 Trade Name : GAILX

Formula C5H12 C.A.S.NO.109-66-9 UN. NO. 1265 Regulated Shipping Name : Pentane Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Liquid, Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: Not Pertinent Hazchem Code : 3 HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. n-Pentane 109-66-0 2. Iso Pentane 78-78-4

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 36.1 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC Not available Vapour pressure Odour: Mild Gasoline Odour Point @ 35oC mm Hg 26 Kg/sq. cm at 65 oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 2.48 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Not soluble Specific Gravity 0.63 pH (Water = 1)

116

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.5 % Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability UEL 7.8 % Flash Point oC 10 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 273 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Yes Explosion Sensitivity to Static Yes Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Carbon dioxide Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material yes Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Oxygen and strong oxidising materials other material Reactivity Not available Hazardous Reaction Oxides of cabon Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Eye: Freezing burn if compressed liquid contacts eye. Vapours may be mildly irritating. Symptoms Skin: Irritation will remove fat skin. Prolonged or repeated contact should be avoided

otherwise skin chapping, cracking or possible contact dermatitis may result. Dry skin , erythema, oil acne and oil facilities and warty growth may occur.

Inhalation: Vapours may be mildly irritating to lungs; Dizziness, headache. Ingestion: Nausea and vomiting. Irritation of mouth and gastro intestinal tract may

follow. Emergency Treatment Eye: Immediately flush with running water for 15 minutes. If irritation develops, seek

medical attention. Inhalation: Remove from exposure. If breathing ceases, seek immediate medical

attention. L.D50 (Oral-Rat)


Exposure Limit TLV (ACGIH) 1500 ppm mg/m3 STEL ppm mg/m3



117

Personal Protective Respiratory protection not generally required. For concentration exceeding exposure Equipment level, use approved air purifying respirator. For adequate ventilation to control

exposure below recommended levels. Impervious rubber gloves, Chemical worker goggles are recommended.

Handling and Storage Avoid inhalation and skin eye contact. Wear personal protective equipment. Precautions Keep container closed. Store in a cool, well ventilated area from ignition sources. Bond and ground during transfer. Wash after handling. Launder contaminated clothing.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media CO2, Foam, Dry Chemical Powder.

Special Procedure Wear approved SCBA and full protection equipment. Evacuate the area of all unnecessary personnel. Water

fog/spray may be used to cool. Unusual Hazards Highly flammable vapours which are heavier than air may

accumulate in low areas and sprayed along the ground away from handling site.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air. If not breathing

give mouth to mouth or mouth to nose assisted respiration If unconscious but breathing in place in the unconscious

position, give cardiac message if necessary. Ingestion : Do not induce vomiting. Administration of

medical paraffin may reduce absorption through digestive tract. Gastric lavage should be done only after endo tracheal intubation.

Skin : Remove contaminated clothing. Wash all affected skin

areas thoroughly with soap and water. Eyes : Irrigate with plenty of water. Antidotes/Dosages N.A. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Contain spill and protect from Ignition. Keep out of water sources and sewers. Absorb in

dry and inert material. Waste Disposal Method Ensure conformity with all applicable disposal regulations.

118

7.32 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF PHENOL 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : PHENOL Chemical Classification : Phenol

Synonyms: Carbolic Acid, Monohydroxy Benzene Trade Name : Phenol Phenilic Acid, Phenyl Hydroxide

Formula C6H5OH C.A.S.NO.108-95-2 UN. NO. 1671 Regulated Shipping Name : Phenol Identification Codes/Label : Poison Class 6 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 13 Hazchem Code : 2 X HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Phenol 108-95-2 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 181.9 Physical State : Solid or Liquid Appearance : White solid/pink solid, Colourless when molten. Melting / Freezing oC 40.9 Vapour pressure Odour: Sweet Tarry Odour Point @ 35oC mm Hg : 1 mm Hg at 40oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 3.24 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Soluble Miscible with alcohol, ether Specific Gravity 1.058 at pH 6 (aq. solution.) (Water = 1) 41oC

119

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL 1.7% Flash Point oC 85 (OC) TDG Flammability N.A UEL 8.6 % Flash Point oC 80.5 (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC 715 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static N.A. Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits toxic fumes. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Strong oxidiser, Butyl-chloral Hydrate, Camphor, Chloral Hydrate, Diuretin, Lead other material. Acetate, Menthol and Naphthalene Reactivity Violent reaction with Aluminium Chloride + Nitrobenzene (120oC), Sodium Nitrate + Tri-fluoro acetic acid, Butadiene can react with oxidising materials. Hazardous Reaction N.A. . products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Eyes, Skin, Inhalation, Ingestion Effects of Exposure/ Will burn eye & skin. The analgesic action may cause loss of sensation & pain. Symptoms Readily absorbed through the skin, causing increase in heart rate, convulsion and Death. Emergency Treatment Inhalation: If victim shows any ill effects, move him to fresh air area. Keep him quiet and warm. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Give milk, egg white and large amount of Water. Skin: Remove the contaminated clothing under water shower. Wash the affected area with plenty of flowing water and soap for 15 minutes. Eyes: Immediately flush with plenty of water. Seek medical aid immediately for all types of exposures. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 0.414 .9mg/kg L.D50

Permissible 5 (Skin) ppm 19 mg/m3 Odour Threshold 0.05 ppm 0.19 mg/mg3

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) 5 (Skin) ppm 19 mg/m3 STEL 10 ppm 38 mg/m3


120

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid and solid. Equipment Do not eat or drink at workplace. .

Handling and Storage Store in a well ventilated area, away from heat, flame, oxidents, food and other Precautions incompatible substances. Outdoor storage is preferred.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Alcohol Foam, CO2 , Dry chemical powder, Water spray.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water, if exposed to

heat or flame. If possible prevent extinguishing agents from running into sewer. Fire fighter should use SCBA.

Unusual Hazards Vapour foam explosive mixture with air. EXPOSURE First Aid Measures If inhaled, remove the victim to fresh air area. Give artificial respiration, if required. do not induce vomiting. Give the victim milk, egg white and large amount of water. If eyes and skin are affected, wash with plenty of water. Seek medical aid immediately for all types of exposures. . Antidotes/Dosages Not Available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Use absorbent paper to pick up spilled material. Wash the surface with soap and water. Waste Disposal Method a) Leakage: Absorb with paper and evaporate on an Iron Pan in a hood and finally burn the paper. b) Large quantities: If in liquid form, atomise into an incinerator. Combustion may be improved by mixing with more flammable solvent. If in solid form dissolve in a solvent like alcohol and atomise in a suitable combustion chamber.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Absorption of phenolic solution through the skin may be very rapid, can cause death in a few minutes to several hours by exposure of as little as 64 sq. inch. of skin. Lesser exposure may cause damage to kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, lungs, causes corrosion of lips, mouth, throat. Ingestion of 15 gms may be fatal. Potentially explosive reaction with Aluminium Chloride + Nitro-methane (110oC/110 bar), Formaldehyde, Peroxydisulphuric-acid, Peroxymonosulphuric-acid, Sodium-nitrate+ Heat.

121

7.33 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF PHOSPHORUS PENTASULPHIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: Phosphorus Pentasulfide Chemical Classification : N.A.

Synonyms: Phosphoric sulfide, Phosphorus Persulphide, Trade Name: Phosphorus pentasulfide Thiophosphoric anhydride. Formula : P2S5 C.A.S.NO. 1314-80-3 UN. NO. 1340 Regulated Shipping Name : Identification Codes/Label : Class 4 Hazardous waste I.D. No: N.A. Hazchem Code : HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. 100% Phosphorus Pentasulfide 1314-80-3, 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 525 Physical State : Solid Appearance : Greenish – Yellow Crystal. Melting / Freezing oC -280 Vapour pressure Odour: Sulphur compound Point @ 35oC mm Hg 1 mm Hg at 30 oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density Not determined Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Insoluble. Specific Gravity 2.10 pH: Not determined. (Water = 1) at 20oC

122

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL % Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability UEL % Flash Point oC (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 142 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Not available Explosion Sensitivity to Static Not available Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Oxides of Phosphorous & sulphur Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material : Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Material can undergo a rapid chemical change at normal temperature and pressures or a

violent chemical change at elevated temperature and pressure. The material reacts vigorously with water to initiate a non-violent reaction with some release of energy(heat). at.

Incompatibility with Material reacts with water or moisture, producing sulphide and phosphoric acid. other material Reactivity Hazardous Reaction Oxides of phosphorus and sulphur. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Oral toxicity, Eye irritation, Skin irritation, Dermal toxicity, Inhalation toxicity, Respiratory irritation Effects of Exposure/ Unconsciousness, headache, dizziness, nausea, aggravates asthama, pulmonary Symptoms disease, loss of sense of smell, irritation of the eyes, nose or throat.

Emergency Treatment Wash in flowing water for 15 minutes, remove contaminated clothing, discard shoes And other leather articles, flush with water, immediate medical attention. Remove

exposed person to fresh air, administer oxygen if breathing is labored. Do not induce vomiting.

L.D50 (Oral-Rat) Oral toxicity 50 mg/m3 Dermal toxicity 200 mg/kg L.D50

Permissible ppm 1 mg/m3 Odour Threshold 0.13 ppm mg/mg3

Exposure Limit TLV (ACGIH) ppm 1 mg/m3 STEL ppm 3 mg/m3


123


Personal Protective Nitrile, Neoprene gloves, faceshield, approved full facepiece respirator, Equipment. Self-contained breathing apparatus.

Handling and Storage Use long sleeve shirt, chemical protective apron, boots, do not wear rings, watch. Precautions Keep containers closed when not in use. Contact with water causes release of considerable

heat; solution is very caustic. Avoid creating dust. Maintain good house-keeping. Wash after handling. Launder contaminated clothing.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Limestone or dry powder type agents for metal fires. Do not use CO2 or water. Special Procedures Recommend wearing self contained breathing apparatus. Unusual Hazards Solid does not readily release flammable vapors.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Skin: Immediately wash in flowing water for 15 min.

Immediately remove contaminated clothing before reuse and discard shoes and other leather articles saturated with the material.

Eyes: Flush immediately with water for at least 15 minutes. Get immediate medical attention.

Inhalation : Remove exposed person to fresh air if adverse effects are observed. If breathing is laboured, administer oxygen. If breathing has stopped, apply artificial respiration. If irritation persists or if toxic symptoms are observed, get medical attention.

Oral : Do not induce vomiting, if conscious, give two glasses of water and get immediate medical attention to perform gastric lavage.

Additional : Note to physician : Hydrogen sulfide ion is strongly bound to methemoglobin in a manner similar to cyanide. A dose of sodium nitrite would produce methemoglobin in the blood which would then inactivate this poison.

Antidotes/Dosages: SPILLS Steps to be taken Pick up free solids for recycle and/or disposal. Avoid raising the dust. Waste Disposal Method Spray on a thick layer of a 1:1 mixture of dry soda ash and slaked lime

behind a shield. After mixing, spray water from an atomiser with great precaution. Transfer slowly into a large amount of water. Neutralise and drain into the sewer with sufficient water.

124

7.34 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE Chemical Classification : Inorganic Alkali

Synonyms: Caustic Potash, Lye. Trade Name :

Formula KOH C.A.S.NO. 1310-58-3 UN. No. 1813 / 1814 Regulated Shipping Name : Potassium Hydroxide Identification Codes/Label : Corrosive, Class-8 Hazardous Waste I.D. No: 16 Hazchem Code : 2 R HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Potassium Hydroxide 1310-58-3 3.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 1320 Physical State : Solid Appearance : White Melting / Freezing oC 360 Vapour pressure Odour: Odourless Point @ 35oC Not mm Hg. available ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density Not Pertinent Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Soluble in Alcohol, Glycerol (Air = 1) Soluble Specific Gravity 2.04 pH 13.5 (0.1 M aq. Soln.) (Water = 1) at 15 oC (Solid)

125

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability N.A. UEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC (CC)

Auto ignition Temperature oC Not Pertinent Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Stable Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits toxic fumes of K2O

Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with When wet, attacks metals such as Aluminium, Tin, other material. Lead and Zinc. Reactivity Violent exothermic reaction with water, potentially explosive reaction with Bromoform + Crown ethers, chlorine dioxide, nitrobenzene nitro-methane, nitrogen-tri-chloride, peroxidized THF. Hazardous Reaction React with Ammonium hexa-chloro-platinate (2-) + heat, to form a heat sensitive Products explosive product.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Skin, Eyes, Ingestion, Inhalation. Effects of Exposure/ Ingestion: Causes severe pain in the throat and epigastrium, hematemesis, collapse. Symptoms Eyes & Skin: Causes severe irritation. Inhalation: Causes severe irritation. Emergency Treatment Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Give plenty of water & milk to drink. Eyes: Flush with a lot of water for 15 min. Skin : Remove wetted clothes & flush the affected area with plenty of water & rinse with dilute vinegar solution. Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air area, seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 365 mg/kg L.D50

Permissible Not ppm Not mg/m3 Odour Threshold Not ppm Not mg/m3

Exposure Limit listed listed Available Available

TLV (ACGIH) ppm 2 (Celing) mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3


126

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid, solid, vapours or dust. Equipment. Provide close fitting safety goggles / face shield, respirator for dust, long sleeves cotton jacket, rubber gloves, rubber shoes and rubber apron.

Handling and Storage Keep the containers tightly closed and away from moisture and metals. Precautions


Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to

fire or heat. Unusual Hazards Poisonous gases are produced.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Skin : Remove the wetted clothing and boots & flush The affected area with plenty of water. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 mins. Ingestion: Give water. Do not induce vomiting. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Sweep and collect without making dust. Wash the surface with plenty of water and soap. Waste Disposal Method Neutralise with HCl and discharge into sewer with sufficient

water.

127

7.35 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF PROPANE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : PROPANE Chemical Classification : Hydrocarbon

Synonyms: Dimethyl methane, Propyl hydride Trade Name

Formula C3 H8 C.A.S.NO.74-98-6 UN. NO. 1978 Regulated Shipping Name : Liquefied Petroleum Gas - Red label Identification Codes/Label : Flammable gas, Class 2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: Hazchem Code : 2WE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Propane 74-98-6 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range -42oC Physical State : Appearance : Colourless Compr. Liquid, Gas, Melting / Freezing -186oC Vapour pressure Odour: Odourless Point @ 35oC 6840 mm Hg. At 20oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 1.6 Solubility in water ml/100 ml Others (Air = 1) @ 18oC 6.5 Soluble in Alcohol, Ether, Chloroform. Specific Gravity 0.5 pH : Not pertinent. (Water = 1)

128

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 2.1 % Flash Point oC -156 (OC) TDG Flammability UEL 9.5 % Flash Point oC (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC 470 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static May explode Electricity Hazardous Combustion products None in particular. . Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable. Incompatibility with Oxidisers other material Reactivity Explosive reaction with C1O2. Violent exothermic reaction with Barium Peroxide. Hazardous Reaction Not available. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Skin contact, Eye contact. Effects of Exposure / Inhalation : Simple axphyxiant – shortness of breath, Headache, drowsiness, Symptoms. Unconsciousness. Skin: Frostbite, Redness, Pain, Blister. Eye: Frostbite, Redness, pain impaired vision. Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Fresh air, rest, artificial respiration if indicated. Refer for medical Attention. Skin: On frostbite, rinse with plenty of water, do not remove clothes. Refer for medical attention. Eye contact : First rinse with plenty of water for several mins. (Remove contact lenses if easily possible), then take to a doctor. L.D50 (Oral-Rat)

Permissible Odour Threshold

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) Asphyxiant STEL NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity Special 1 4 0

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6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. Equipment Provide self-contained breathing apparatus, safety goggles, hand gloves and shoes.

Handling and Storage Keep in a cool, dry, well ventilated area, away from heat, flame or oxidisers. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Stop flow of gas, foam, CO2, Dry Chemical Powder.

Special Procedure Stop the flow of gas & keep the containers cool by spraying . water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Flash back along vapour trail may occur.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation : Guard against self-injury if stuporous, Confused or anesthetised. Apply artificial respiration if breathing is difficult. Avoid administration of Epinephrine or other sympathomimetric Amines. Prevent aspiration of vomitus by proper positioning of head. Give symptomatic and supportive treatment. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Warn everybody that air Mixture is explosive. Waste Disposal Method Allow the gas to burn under control.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES A simple Asphyxiant. Flammable gas may cause flash fire.

130

7.36 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF SODIUM DICHROMATE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : SODIUM DICHROMATE Chemical Classification : Inorganic Salt

Synonyms: Sodium Bichromate Trade Name : Sodium Dichromate

Formula Na2Cr2O7 C.A.S.NO. 10588-01-9 UN. No. 1479 Regulated Shipping Name : Oxidising Substance, N.O.S. Identification Codes/Label : Oxidiser, Class-5 Hazardous Waste I.D. No: 3 Hazchem Code : Not listed HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Sodium Dichromate 10588-01-9 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 400 Physical State : Solid Appearance : Red to orange crystals (Decomposes) Melting / Freezing oC 356.7 Vapour pressure Odour: Odourless Point @ 35oC mm Hg. Not Available ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density : Not Available Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Insoluble in ethyl alcohol (Air = 1) Very Soluble Specific Gravity 2.35 pH 3.5 (10% Soln.) (Water = 1) at 25 oC

131

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC Not pertinent (OC) TDG Flammability Not pertinent UEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC Not Pertinent Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Data not available Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits toxic fumes of Na2O, Cr2 O3

Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material No Oxidiser Yes Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Hydroxylamine other material. Reactivity Violent reaction or ignition with Boron + Silicon (Pyrotechnic), Organic residues + Sulphuric Acid, 2-Propanol + Sulphuric Acid, Sulphuric Acid + Trinitrotoluene. Hazardous Reaction Not available. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin & Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation of dusts & mist causes respiratory irritation, sometimes resembling Symptoms asthma, nasal septal perforation may occur. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhea, stomach & kidney complications. Contact with eyes & skin produces local irritation. Repeated skin exposure causes dermatitis.

Emergency Treatment Ingestion: Have victim drink water or milk. Do not induce vomiting. Skin & Eyes: Treat like acid burns. Flush eyes with water for at least 15 mins. External lesions can be scrubbed with 2% solution of Sodium Thiosulphate. Seek medical aid immediately for all type of exposure. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 50 mg/Kg L.D50



TLV (ACGIH) ppm 0.05 (as Cr) mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3


132

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with solid or dust. Equipment. Provide approved dust mask, over-clothing, hand gloves, safety goggles or face shield.

Handling and Storage Store away from combustibles and oxidising agents. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Water

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to fire or heat. Unusual Hazards Decomposes to produce oxygen in fire.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures If ingested, give victim milk and water to drink, do not induce vomiting. If eyes and skin are affected, wash with plenty of water. Seek medical aid immediately for all types of exposures. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Sweep and collect without making dust. Wash the surface with plenty of water and soap. Waste Disposal Method Use vast volume of concentrated solution of reducing agent (Bi-sulphate or ferrous salts). Neutralise with soda ash or HCl and drain into sewer with sufficient water.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Poison by ingestion. Chromate salts are considered to be carcinogens. Potentially explosive reaction with acetic anhydride, Ethanol + Sulphuric Acid + Heat, Hydrazine. In contact with finely divided combustibles like sawdust, ignition may occur.

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7.37 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : SODIUM HYDROXIDE Chemical Classification : Alkaline Inorganic Compound

Synonyms: Caustic Soda, Soda Lye, Lye, Sodium Hydrate Trade Name : Caustic soda

Formula NaOH C.A.S.NO. 1310-73-2 UN. No. 1823 / 1824 Regulated Shipping Name : Sodium Hydroxide, Solid / Solution Identification Codes/Label : Corrosive, Class-8 Hazardous Waste I.D. No: 16 Hazchem Code : 2 R HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Sodium Hydroxide 1310-73-2 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 1390 - 1557 Physical State : Solid Appearance : White Flakes / Pellets Melting / Freezing oC 318.4 - 322 Vapour pressure Odour: Odourless Point @ 35oC 1 mm Hg at 730 oC _________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density Not Pertinent Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Soluble in Alcohol, Methanol (Air = 1) Soluble and Glycerol. Specific Gravity 2.12 pH 13 - 14 (Water = 1) at 24oC/4 oC

134

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability N.A. UEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC Not Pertinent Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Stable Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits toxic fumes of Na2O. Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Water, Acids, Flammable Liquids, Organic halides, metals, A1, Sn, Zn, Nitromethane other material. and Nitro Compounds. Reactivity Vigorous reaction with Organic Halides, Metals, Nitro Compounds. Hazardous Reaction Not available. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Skin, Ingestion & Eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation : Causes small burns to upper respiratory tract & lungs, mild nose Symptoms irritation. Ingestion : Causes severe damage to mucous membrane, Severe scaring or perforation may occur. Eyes: Severe damage. Skin: Causes severe burns. Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Remove the victim from exposure. Support respiration, give oxygen, If necessary. Ingestion: Give water or milk followed by dilute vinegar or fruit juice. Do not Induce vomiting. Skin: Wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Eyes: Wash with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) Not listed mg/Kg L.D50

Permissible - ppm 2 (Ceiling) mg/m3 Odour Threshold Odourless ppm Odourless mg/m3

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) - ppm 2 (Ceiling) mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3


135

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with solid or liquid. Equipment. Provide side covered safety goggles, face shield, filter or dust-type respirator, rubber shoes and rubber hand gloves.

Handling and Storage Keep in a cool, dry and well ventilated place. Precautions


Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Toxic gases are produced.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures If eyes are affected, flush with plenty of water for 15 mins. Skin: Remove contaminated clothes & shoes. Wash the affected area with plenty of water. If inhaled, remove the victim to fresh air area. Support respiration. Seek medical aid immediately for all types of exposures. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Sweep and collect without making dust. Wash the surface with plenty of water and soap. Waste Disposal Method Put into a large vessel, neutralise with HCl and drain into sewer with abundant water.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES A strong base. Vigorous reaction with 1, 2, 4, 5-Tetrachlorobenzene has caused many industrial explosions & forms extremely toxic 2, 3, 7, 8 – Tetra-chloro-di-benzodioxin. Under proper conditions of temperature, pressure and state of dilution, it can react or ignite violently with Acetic Acid, Acetaldehyde, Acetic Anhydride, Acrolein, Acrylonitrile, Allyl Alcohol, Allyl Chloride.

136

7.38 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : SULPHUR DIOXIDE Chemical Classification : Inorganic Compound

Synonyms: Bisulphate, Sulphurous, Trade Name Sulphur Dioxide Anhydrite, Sulfurous Oxide

Formula SO2 C.A.S.NO.7446-09-5 UN. NO. 1079 Regulated Shipping Name : Sulphur Dioxide Identification Codes/Label : Liquefied Poisonous Gas, Class 2 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 2 RE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Sulphur Dioxide 7446-09-53 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC -10,0 Physical State : Liquid / Appearance : Colourless Liquefied Compressed .Gas Melting / Freezing oC -75.5 Vapour pressure Odour: Sharp Pungent Odour Point @ 35oC mm Hg 2538mm Hg at 21.1oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 2.264 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) 10 gm/100ml at 20 oC Soluble in Chloroform , Ether, Amines and Sulphuric acid. Specific Gravity 1.45 at pH Acidic (Water = 1) -10oC

137

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL NP% Flash Point oC Not Pertinent (OC) TDG Flammability NA UEL NP% Flash Point oC Not Pertinent (CC) Auto ignition Temperature oC Not Pertinent Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Stable Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emit toxic fumes of SOx Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No ( Yes, in presence of

moisture.) Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Halogens or Interhalogens, Lithium, Nitrate, Acetylides, other material Metaloxides, Polymeric Tubing, Potassium-Chlorate, Sodium Hydride Reactivity Reacts violently with Acrolein, Al, CsHC2, Chlorates, CIF3, Cr, FeO, F2, Mn KHC2, KClO3. Rb2C2, Na, Na2C2, Cs2O, SnO. Hazardous Reaction React with water, to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Eyes and Skin Effects of Exposure/ Vapour causes irritation of eyes & lungs with severe choking. Liquid will cause Symptoms frostbite. Vapours are poisonous, if inhaled. Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Remove from exposure. Support respiration, administer oxygen. Skin: Wash affected area with plenty of water. Do not rub the affected area. Eyes: Wash with plenty of water at least for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately for all types of exposures. L.D50

Permissible 2 ppm 5 mg/m3 Odour Threshold 3 ppm 6.6 mg/mg3

Exposure Limit



138

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapours. Equipment Provide air supplied mask or approved canister, safety goggles or face-shield, rubber hand gloves, shoes, aprons.

Handling and Storage Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area, away from water and active metals. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Not flammable. Do not use water.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Containers may rupture releasing toxic SO2

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures If inhaled, remove the victim to fresh air area. Support respiration or administer oxygen if required. Eyes : Wash with plenty of water for 15 mins. Skin: Wash the affected area with plenty of water. Do not rub the affected area. Seek medical aid immediately for all types of exposures. Antidotes/Dosages N.A. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Contain the spillage. Waste Disposal Method Seal all waste in vapour tight plastic bags for eventual disposal. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES LC50 : 400 ppm/1M (ihl-hmn). A poisonous gas. The material is so irritating that it provides its own warning of toxic concentration. 400-500 ppm is immediately dangerous to life. 50-100 ppm is considered to be maximum permissible concentration for exposure of 30-60 mins. Excess exposure may be fatal.

139

7.39 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF SULPHUR 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : SULPHUR Chemical Classification : Non-metallic element

Synonyms: Brimostone, Bensulfoid, Colsul Trade Name :

Formula S C.A.S.NO.7704-34-9 UN. No. 1350 Regulated Shipping Name : Sulphur Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Solid, Class-4.1 Hazardous Waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 2 Z HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Sulphur 7704-34-9 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 444.6 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Yellow (Molten Solid) Melting / Freezing oC 106.8 Vapour pressure Odour: Faint rotten egg odour Point @ 35oC 1mm Hg at 183.8 oC _________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density Not Pertinent Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Slightly soluble in Alcohol, (Air = 1) Insoluble Ether. Soluble in Benzene, Carbon

Disulphide. Specific Gravity 2.07 pH Not Pertinent (Water = 1)

140

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC Not available (OC) TDG Flammability 4.1 UEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC 207 (CC)

Autoignition Temperature oC 230 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Data not available. Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits highly toxic fumes of SOx. Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur. Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Oxidisers, Halogens, Carbides, Active Metals. other material. Reactivity Can react violently with Halogens, Carbides, Halogenites, Halogenates, Zinc, Tin, Sodium, Lithium, Nickel, Palladium, Phosphorous, Potassium, Iridium. . Hazardous Reaction Not available. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Eyes & Skin Effects of Exposure/ Can cause eye irritation, may irritate skin. Symptoms Emergency Treatment Eyes: Wash with plenty of water for 15 mins. Skin: Treat molten sulphur burns with petroleum jelly or mineral oil. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) Not listed mg/Kg L.D50



TLV (ACGIH) Not ppm Not mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3

listed listed NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity/Stability Special 2 1 0

141

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with solid or liquid. Equipment. Provide safety goggles or face shield, rubber hand gloves, rubber boots and Mask for the dust.

Handling and Storage Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area, away from heat, flame and oxidising Precautions materials.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Water

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if Exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Burns with blue flame difficult to see in day light.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Skin : Treat molten sulphur burns with petroleum jelly or mineral oil. Eyes: Wash with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Sweep and collect without making dust. Wash the Surface with plenty of water. Waste Disposal Method Dump into a land fill site.

142

7.40 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF SULPHURIC ACID 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : SULPHURIC ACID Chemical Classification : Toxic / Corrosive

Synonyms: Oil of vitrol Trade Name : Sulphuric Acid

Formula H2SO4 C.A.S.NO.7664-93-9 UN. No. 1830 Regulated Shipping Name : Sulphuric Acid Identification Codes/Label : Corrosive, Class 8 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 16 Hazchem Code : 2 P HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Sulphuric acid 7664-93-9 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 330.0 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless / Oily Melting / Freezing oC 10.49 Vapour pressure Odour: Odourless Point @ 35oC 1.0 mm Hg ___________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density Not applicable Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Soluble in ethyl alcohol (Air = 1) 100% Specific Gravity 1.84 pH Highly acidic (Water = 1)

143

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL Not Pertinent Flash Point oC Not Pertinent (OC) TDG Flammability Not Pertinent UEL Not Pertinent Flash Point oC Not Pertinent (CC)

Autoignition Temperature oC Not Pertinent Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Nil Explosion Sensitivity to Static Nil Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Nil Hazardous Polymerization Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material No Oxidiser Yes Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Moderate. Incompatibility with Carbides, water, chlorates, fluminates and powdered metals. other material. Reactivity Reacts with water and organic materials with evolution of heat. Hazardous Reaction Reacts with water to produce heat toxic and corrosive fumes . Reacts with metals to form Products flammable hydrogen gas.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, contact, ingestion Effects of Exposure/ Irritates eyes, nose, throat, dental erosion, skin and eyes, burn. Causes deep burn Symptoms to tissue. Very dilute solution causes dermatitis. Exposure cause bronchitis. Emergency Treatment Respiratory support and medical attention. L.D50 2140 mg/m3 L.D50

Permissible N.A. ppm mg/m3 Odour Threshold N.A. ppm mg/m3

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) N.A. ppm 1 mg/m3 STEL ppm 3 mg/m3


144

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Rubber gloves, safety goggles, acid proof overalls. Provide safety shower, eyewash Equipment. Fountain, self contained breathing apparatus.

Handling and Storage To be stored in non-corrosive non-metallic containers. Add acid to water Precautions gradually for dilution. Store away from incompatible material.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide

Special Procedure N.A. Unusual Hazards Water applied directly results in evolution of heat causes splattering. EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Wash eyes and affected area of body with plenty of water immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Give milk of magnesia, water and soda water or cold milk to drink if ingested. SPILLS Steps to be taken Wash with running water. Neutralise with lime in case of large spills. Waste Disposal Method Add slowly into a large amount of soda ash and slaked lime by stirring. Discharge the solution with large amount of water into a sink lined with protective matting and filled with chipped marble.

145

7.41 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF SULFUR CHLORIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: Sulfur Chloride Chemical Classification :

Synonyms: None Trade Name: Sulfur Chloride

Formula S2CL2 C.A.S.NO. 10025-67-9 UN. NO. Regulated Shipping Name : Sulphur chloride Identification Codes/Label : Hazardous waste I.D. No: Hazchem Code : HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. 20-30% Sulfur Chloride 10025-67-9 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 138 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Brownish Red Fuming Liquid Melting / Freezing oC -77 Vapour pressure Odour: Pungent Point 170 mm Hg at 20 oC % volatile 100 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density: 3.5 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others : Nil (Air = 1) Decomposes Specific Gravity 1.64 pH: Not determined. (Water = 1) at 15.6oC

146

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL % Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability UEL % Flash Point oC (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 234 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Explosion Sensitivity to Static Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material : Yes Flammable Material No Oxidiser Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Material can become unstable at elevated temp. and pressures. This material will react

vigorously with water to initiate a violent reaction with some release of energy (Heat). Incompatibility with The material is incompatible with water and alkalies. other material Reactivity Hazardous Reaction Under combustion conditions, oxides of the following elements will be formed : Products Sulfur, Hydrogen chloride and chlorinated hydrocarbons.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, ingestion, eye & skin Effects of Exposure/ Oral toxicity, Eye irritation, Skin irritation, Inhalation toxicity, Respiratory irritation. Symptoms

Emergency Treatment Immediately wash in flowing water for 15 minutes, remove contaminated clothes. Get

immediate medical help.. Eye : Flush immediately with water for 15 minutes. Get medical help immediately. Inhalation : Remove exposed person to fresh air. If breathing is labored, administer

oxygen. If breathing has stopped, apply artificial respiration. If irritation persists, get medical attention.

Oral : Do not induce vomiting. If conscious, give two glasses of water and get immediate medical help.

L.D50 (Oral-Rat) Oral toxicity between 50 & 200 mg/m3 Dermal toxicity between 200 mg/kg to 1000 mg/kg on rabits. L.D50

Permissible ppm 1.00 mg/m3 Odour Threshold ppm mg/mg3

Exposure Limit (80-90% sulphur chloride) TLV (ACGIH) ppm mg/m3 STEL ppm 3 mg/m3

NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity Special 3 0

147


Personal Protective Full protective fire gear including self containing breathing apparatus, full face-piece, Equipment. coat, pants, gloves and boots.

Handling and Storage Ventilation procedure : Exhaust ventilation to control mist or vapours. Precautions Gloves protection : Nitrile. Eye protection : Face-shield

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media CO2, Dry chemical powder, Alcohol foam. Water can be used to cool and

protect exposed material. Special Procedures Wear full protective fire gear including SCBA operated in positive

pressure mode with full face-piece, coat, pants, gloves and boots. Unusual Hazards Flammable solid, slow burning but readily ignitable by small flames.

Heats spontaneously and may ignite in presence of moisture. Toxic fumes, gases or vapours may evolve on burning. Decomposes on contact with water to produce heat, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide and hydrogen.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Explained in “Emergency Treatment” column. Antidotes/Dosages: Not available SPILLS Steps to be taken Evacuate all non-essential personnel, only trained personnel should be

permitted in area. Personal protective equipment must be worn, see special protection information section for PPE recommendations. Ventilate area if spilled in confined space or other poorly ventilated areas. Prevent entry into sewers and waterways. Pick up free solid for recycle and / or disposal. Avoid raising dust. Pick up free liquid for recycle and/ or disposal Residual liquid can be absorbed on inert material.

Waste Disposal Method Spray on a thick layer of a 1:1 mixture of dry soda ash and slaked lime


148

7.42 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF SULPHUR DICHLORIDE

1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name: Sulphur Dichloride Chemical Classification : Inorganic Compound

Synonyms: Trade Name: Sulphur Dichloride

Formula SCl2 C.A.S.NO. UN. NO. Regulated Shipping Name : Sulphur Dichloride Identification Codes/Label : Hazardous waste I.D. No: Hazchem Code : HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Sulphur Dichloride 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 59 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Brownish red fuming liquid (Decomposes) Melting / Freezing oC -78 Vapour pressure Odour: Pungent chlorine like Point @ 35oC mm Hg 170 mm Hg at 68 oF ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 3.55 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Decomposes Specific Gravity 1.64 pH: Not determined. (Water = 1)

149

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL % Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability No UEL % Flash Point oC (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Explosion Sensitivity to Static Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Sulphur Dioxide, Chlorine Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material No Corrosive Material : yes Flammable Material NO Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Incompatibility with Reacts vigorously with strong alkalies and water. other material Reactivity Avoid heat. Exposure to moisture, contact with alkalies or organic matter. Avoid personal

contact with vapours or liquid. Keep light flames away from drums or tank while opening since hydrogen gas may be formed upon contact of Sulphur dichloride and steel etc. in presence of moisture.

Hazardous Reaction Sulphur dioxide, Chlorine, HCl and Sulphur. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Liquid causes blistering burns to skin. Sulphur dichloride is readily hydrolysed Symptoms by moisture in air and mucus membranes, liberating heat and toxic, corrosive hydrogen

chloride as well as sulphur dioxide and/or sulphur. Effects of inhalation are immediate and depending upon degree of exposure can range from coughing to extreme bronchial irritation and pulmonary odema.

Emergency Treatment Eyes: Flush with large amounts of water. Skin: Flush with large amounts of water, remove contaminated clothing and wash

exposed areas with soap and water. Inhalation: Remove to fresh air, apply artificial respiration and/or administer oxygen as

needed. Ingestion: Dilute by drinking water. Do not induce vomiting, if vomiting occurs,

administer more water, then neutralise with milk, milk of magnesia. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) L.D50


Exposure Limit TLV (ACGIH) ppm mg/m3 STEL ppm mg/m3 NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity Special

150


Personal Protective Rubber gloves, Neoprene gloves, face shield, safety goggles, Neoprene clothing Equipment. And aprons, Breathing apparatus, Safety toe shoes..

Handling and Storage Store drums in cool, dry ventilated area out of sun and away from hazard. Storage Precautions tanks must be sealed to protect against entry of atmospheric moisture. Storage dyke volume

should exceed tank volume.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media DCP, CO2 or water fog spray. Special Procedures Use water to cool tanks or drums Unusual Hazards Under fire conditions Sulphur dioxide, Chlorine, HCl gases may be

produced Full protective equipment is required for personal.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures : Given in emergency treatment Antidotes/Dosages: SPILLS Steps to be taken Get full protective equipment. Contain large spill and pump into drums. soak up small spill in 50-50 mix of dry soda ash and lime. Flush away

with water. Finally flush spill area with water. Waste Disposal Method Spray on a thick layer of a 1:1 mixture of dry soda ash and slaked lime


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7.43 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF SULPHUR TRIOXIDE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : SULPHUR TRIOXIDE Chemical Classification : Inorganic Compound

Synonyms: Sulphan, Sulphuric Anhydride, Trade Name : Sulphur trioxide Sulphuric Oxide

Formula SO3 C.A.S.NO. 7446-11-9 UN. No. 1829 Regulated Shipping Name : Sulphur Trioxide Identification Codes/Label : Corrosive, Class-8 Hazardous Waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 4 W E HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Sulphur Trioxide 7446-11-9 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 44.8 (Gamma) Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Not Available Melting / Freezing oC 16.8 (Gamma) Vapour pressure Odour: Not Available Point @ 35oC 433mm Hg at 250 oC _________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ Vapour Density 2.76 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others: Soluble in carbon disulphide (Air = 1) Not Available Specific Gravity 1.922 pH Not Pertinent (Water = 1)

152

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC (OC) TDG Flammability N.A. UEL Not pertinent Flash Point oC (CC) Auto-ignition Temperature oC Not Pertinent Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Stable Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits toxic fumes of SOx. Hazardous Polymerization Gamma form polymerises to Beta form. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material Yes Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Steam, Metal Oxides, Water, Combustible Materials. Other material. Reactivity Violent reaction with PbO, HCl04, P, Tetra-fluoroethylene, Acetonitrile, H2SO4, DMS, Dioxan, Water, Diphenylmercury, Formamide, I2, Metal Oxides and Pyridine. Hazardous Reaction Reacts with steam to form corrosive, toxic fumes of sulphuric acid. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Skin & Eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Inhalation : Causes damage to human system, coughing pulmonary & olfactory Symptoms changes.

Skin & Eyes : Causes corrosive irritation and also damage to mucous membrane. Emergency Treatment Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area, provide artificial respiration or oxygen if needed. Skin : Remove the contaminated clothing & wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. . L.D50 (Oral-Rat) Not listed mg/Kg L.D50

Permissible - ppm 1 mg/m3 Odour Threshold Not ppm Not mg/m3


TLV (ACGIH) - ppm 1 mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm Not listed mg/m3

NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity/Stability Special Not listed Not listed Not listed

153

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. Equipment. Provide self contained breathing apparatus, rubber hand gloves, protective over-clothing, Side covered safety goggles / face shield and shoes.

Handling and Storage Keep in a cool, dry and closed area away from moisture. Keep the containers Precautions tightly closed to avoid absorption of moisture.


Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Poisonous gases are produced.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area, Provide artificial respiration or oxygen if needed. Skin : Remove the wetted clothes & wash the Affected area with plenty of water & soap. Eyes: Flush with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Contain the spillage on earth or sand. Waste Disposal Method Add slowly into a large amount of soda ash and slaked lime by stirring. Discharge the solution with large amount of water into a sink lined with protective matting and filled with chipped marble.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES TCLO 30 mg/m3 (ihe –hmm). The most valuable commercially is the “Gamma” form, which has a strong tendency to polymerise to straight chain “Beta” form & subsequently to the cross-linked “Alpha” form. When “Beta” or “Alpha” form melted, they tend to revert to “Gamma” form - liquid or ice-cold crystals. The difference in vapour pressure explains the so-called “Alpha” explosion. Heating of high melting SO3 in glass vessels should be avoided to prevent possible shattering of the containers. Absolutely dry SO3 is not corrosive to metals. On exposure to air, it absorbs moisture rapidly, emitting dense white fumes. Combines with water with high explosive violence forming H2SO4.

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7.44 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF SULFOLANE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : TETRA HYDRO THIOPHENE 1,1-DIOXIDE Chemical Classification : Organic Compound THIOPHANE DIOXIDE TETRA METHYLENE DIOXIDE THIO CYCLOPENTANE 1,1 – DIOXIDE

Synonyms: Sulfolane, Cyclic Tetra-methylene Sulfone, Trade Name: Sulfolane Dihydro Butadine Sulfone.

Formula C4 H8 O2S C.A.S.NO.126-33-0 UN. NO. Regulated Shipping Name : Identification Codes/Label : Class 8 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Tetrahydrothiophane 1,1-Dioxide 126-33-0 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range 285oC(545oF) Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless Clear, Liquid Vapour pressure 0.01 Evaporation rate : 1 Odour: Pungent Odour (@ 20oC mm Hg) ( Butyl acetate = 1) %Volatiles by Vol. = 100 (21 oC ) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Melting / Freezing Point 8.0oC(46oF) (@ 760 mm Hg) Vapour Density 4.2 Solubility in water Others : (Air = 1) Complete 100% Specific Gravity 1.26 pH : 4.8 to 5.5 (Water = 1)

155

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL N.A. Flash Point oC 159oC (320 oF) (OC) TDG Flammability N.A. UEL N.A. Flash Point oC (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC N.A. Explosion Sensitivity to Impact None identified Explosion Sensitivity to Static None identified Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Oxides of Sulphur, Carbon monoxide, Carbon dioxide. . Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid No Explosive Material Corrosive Material Flammable Material No Oxidiser Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable. Incompatibility with Strong Oxidizing agent other material Reactivity Hazardous Reaction Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin contact, Eye contact. Effects of Exposure / Inhalation : Headache, Nausea, Vomiting, Dizziness, Shakes, Convulsions, Symptoms Unconsciousness, Excessive inhalation may cause damage. Skin Contact: Irritation. Eye Contact: Irritation. Skin Absorption: May cause weakness, drowsiness, shakes, paralysis. Ingestion : Headache, Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, gastro intestinal, irritation, shakes, central nervous system depression, convulsions, unconsciousness. Chronic Effects: Damage to Gastrointestinal Tract. Lungs, Lever and Blood. Emergency Treatment Ingestion : Call a physician, if swallowed, if conscious give large amount of water induce vomiting. Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Prompt action is essential. Skin Contact : In case of skin contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water For at least 15 mins. Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before . reuse. Eye Contact : In case of Eye Contact, immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 mins. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 1941 mg/kg STEL Not established

Permissible Odour Threshold

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) 5 ppm : No TLV has been established for this product by the AGGIH. The TLV Listed is the one recommended for this product by Philips 66 Company. NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity Special 3 1 2 2

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6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. Equipment Ventilation: Use general or local exhaust ventilation to meet TLV requirements. Respiratory Protection : Respiratory protection required if air borne concentration exceeds TLV. A concentrations upto 5 ppm, a chemical cartridge respirator with organic vapour cartridge is recommended. Above this level, a self-contained breathing apparatus is recommended. Eye / Skin Protection : Safety goggles and face shield uniform, protective suit, rubber gloves are recommended.

Handling and Storage Storage Colour Code : Orange (General Storage) Precautions Storage Requirement : Keep container tightly closed, store in cool dry, well- ventilated area, away from heat, sparks or flame. Isolated from incompatible materials.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Use water spray, Alcohol resistant foam, Dry Chemical Powder or CO2. Special Procedure Unusual Hazards

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Call a physician, remove to fresh air, give artificial respiration. Flush skin with plenty of water. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do so without risk, use water spray to reduce vapours. Take up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place in to container for later disposal. Flush spill area with water. Waste Disposal Method Dispose in accordance with all applicable Central and State, Govt. environmental regulations and manufacturer’s Recommendation.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Causes severe eye burns. Laboratory test results indicate material may be mutagenic. Harmful is swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin, irritant. Keep away from heat, sparks, flame. Do not get in eyes, skin or clothing. Do not breath vapours. Keep in tightly closed container, use with adequate ventilation. Wash thoroughly after handling. In case of fire, use water spray, alcohol foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. In case of spill, soak up with sand or earth, flush spill area with water.

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7.45 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF TOLUENE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : TOLUENE Chemical Classification : Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Synonyms: Toluene, Methyl Benzene Trade Name : Toluene

Formula C7H8 C.A.S.NO.108-88-3 UN. NO. 1294 Regulated Shipping Name : Toluene Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Liquid, Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 5 Hazchem Code : 3 YE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Toluene 108-88-3 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 110.4 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC -95 to 94.5 Vapour pressure Odour: Pleasant Odour Point @ 35oC mm Hg 36.7 mm Hg at 30oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 3.14 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Slightly soluble Soluble in acetone, miscible in absolute alcohol, ether, Benzene Specific Gravity 0.866 at pH Neutral (Water = 1) 20oC liquid

158

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1.2% Flash Point oC 12.7 (OC) TDG Flammability 3 UEL 7% Flash Point oC 4.5 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 535.5 9 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static N.A. Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Strong oxidisers. other material. Reactivity Reacts vigorously with oxidising materials. Reacts explosively with N2O4 , AgClO4, H2SO4+HNO3, conc.HNO3, UF6 and 1.3 dichloro-5,5,dimethyl-2,4- Imidiazolidione Hazardous Reaction Forms an explosive mixture with tetranitromethane. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and eyes. Effects of Exposure/ Vapour irritates eyes and upper respiratory tract causes dizziness, headache, Symptoms anaesthesia, respiratory arrest. Liquid irritates eyes and causes drying of skin. If aspirated, causes coughing, gagging, distress and rapidly developing pulmonary edema. If ingested, causes vomiting, griping, diarrhea, depressed respiration. Emergency Treatment Inhalation: remove the victim to fresh air area. Give artificial respiration or oxygen if required. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Skin: Wipe off. Wash with soap and water. Eyes: Flush with water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 500 mg/kg L.D50


Exposure Limit



159

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapours. Equipment Provide air-supplied mask, safety goggles/face shield, PVC hand gloves.

Handling and Storage Store in a well ventilated, cool, dry area, away from heat, spark, flame and Precautions oxidising materials.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media CO2, Dry chemical powder, Foam.


EXPOSURE First Aid Measures If inhaled, remove the victim to fresh air area. Give artificial respiration or O2, if required. do not induce vomiting. If eyes and skin affected, wash with plenty of water. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages N.A. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Contain leaking liquid on sand & earth. Wash the surface with water and soap. Waste Disposal Method Spray into a furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with more flammable solvent.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Toluene derived from coal tar usually contains small amount of benzene as on impurity. In the few cases, acute toluene poisoning reported. The effect has been that of a narcotic, the workman passing through a stage of intoxication into one of coma Recovery following removal from the exposure has been the rule. Physical examination is recommended practically. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame or oxidisers. Explosives in the form of vapours, when exposed to heat or flame.

160

7.46 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF TRIETHYLENE GLYCOL 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : TRI ETHYLENE GLYCOL Chemical Classification : Hydrocarbon

Synonyms: Trade Name : TRI ETHYLENE GLYCOL

Formula (CH2 OCH2CH2 OH)2 C.A.S.NO. UN. No. Regulated Shipping Name : Identification Codes/Label : Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 291.2 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC -5 Vapour pressure Odour: Point @ 35oC mm Hg ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 5.17 Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Soluble Specific Gravity 1.122 pH (Water = 1)

161

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability LEL 0.9 % Flash Point oC 176.6 (OC) TDG Flammability UEL 9.2 % Flash Point oC (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 371 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Explosion Sensitivity to Static Electricity Hazardous Combustion products . Hazardous Polymerization Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Oxidising materials. other material. Reactivity Hazardous Reaction . Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Skin, Inhalation, Ingestion. Effects of Exposure/ Symptoms

Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Remove victim to fresh air. Give artificial respiration if breathing Has stopped. Oxygen if breathing is laboured. Ingestion: Give conscious victim water to drink and induce vomiting. Skin: Remove contaminated clothings and flush the affected area with plenty Of water. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 L.D50

Permissible ppm mg/m3 Odour Threshold ppm mg/m3

Exposure Limit

TLV (ACGIH) ppm mg/m3 STEL ppm mg/m3


162

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Use protective outer clothing as required. Equipment.

Handling and Storage Should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place away from source of ignition Precautions and heat.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Water Spray, , CO2 , DCP

Special Procedure Water or foam may cause breathing. Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Keep away from oxidising materials.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air, give artificial Respiration, if breathing has stopped and oxygen if Breathing is laboured. Ingestion: Give conscious victim water to drink and Induce vomiting. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing and flush the Affected area with plenty of water. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages N.A. SPILLS Steps to be taken Absorb the spillage in sand or earth. Flush the area With flooding water and then with caustic acid for Waste Disposal Method Spray into a furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with more flammable solvent.

163

7.47 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF TETRAETHYL LEAD 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : TETRAETHYL LEAD Chemical Classification : Organic Lead Compound

Synonyms: TEL, Lead Tetraethyl, Tetraethyl Plumbane Trade Name : TEL

Formula C8 H20Pb C.A.S.NO.78-00-2 UN. NO. 1649 Regulated Shipping Name : Tetraethyl Lead Identification Codes/Label : Poison, Class 6 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 17 Hazchem Code : 2 XE HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. Tetraethyl Lead 78-00-2 2.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 198 to 202 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless (Decom) Melting / Freezing oC -137 Vapour pressure Odour: Misty Odour Point @ 35oC mm Hg 1 mm Hg at 38.4 oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density 7-11 (Tech) Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Insoluble Soluble in Benzene, Petroleum, Ether, Gasoline. Specific Gravity 1.633 at Not Available pH Not Pertinent (Water = 1) 20oC liquid

164

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability No LEL Not Available Flash Point oC 85 (OC) TDG Flammability Not Available UEL Not Available Flash Point oC 93.5 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC Decomposes >110 oC Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static Stable Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Emits toxic fumes of Pb or CO Hazardous Polymerization Will not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material No Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable below 110 oC Incompatibility with Strong oxidisers, Sulphuryl Chloride, KMnO4 other material Reactivity Can react vigorously with oxidising materials. Hazardous Reaction Exposures to air for several days may cause explosive decomposition, leading to poisonous Pb vapours.

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, Skin & Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Increased urinary output of lead. A large degree of absorption from inhalation Symptoms or skin contact may cause insomnia, excitability, delirium, coma, death. Emergency Treatment In any type of severe exposure to this compound, seek medical aid immediately. without delay. Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air area, apply artificial respiration and oxygen, if needed. Ingestion: Let the victim drink plenty of water and milk and induce vomiting. Skin: Remove the contaminated clothing and wash the affected area immediately with

kerosene or similar petroleum distillate followed by thorough washing with water and soap.

Eyes: Flush with plenty of water for 15 mins. L.D50 (Oral Rat) 12.3 mg/m3 L.D50 850 mg/m3 (1 hr) as LC50 Rat

Permissible - ppm 0.1 mg/m3 Odour Threshold N.A. ppm N.A. mg/mg3

Exposure Limit (skin) Pb

TLV (ACGIH) - ppm 0.1 mg/m3 STEL Not listed ppm 0.3 mg/m3 (1 hr)

(skin) Pb as Pb (skin) NFPA Hazard Signals Health Flammability Reactivity Special 3 2 3

165

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapour. Equipment Provide organic vapour type canister, face mask for short periods, an air-line mask for a

longer period. Neoprene coated liquid proof hand gloves, body clothing side covered safety goggles/face shield, rubber shoes.

Handling and Storage Keep in cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from oxidisers, sunlight. Do not allow Precautions to evaporate.

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media Dry chemical power CO2, Foam and Water.

Special Procedure Keep the containers cool by spraying water if exposed to heat or flame. Unusual Hazards Poisonous gases are produced.

EXPOSURE First Aid Measures In any type of severe exposure to this compound, seek medical aid immediately without delay. Inhalation: Remove the victim to fresh air, apply artificial respiration and oxygen, if needed. Ingestion: Let the victim drink plenty of water and induce vomiting. Skin: Remove the contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Eyes: Flush with plenty of water for 15 mins. Antidotes/Dosages Not available. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Contain the spillage on earth or sand. Waste Disposal Method Destroy waste/spills by dilution with 10 volumes of kerosene and burning at least 50 meters away from any habitations. Decontaminate TEL using oxidising agents such as Potassium Permanganate or Sulphuryl Chloride. Sulphuryl Chloride must only be used as a10% solution in kerosene. Its action is accelerated if 0.1% Pyridine is added immediately before use. Respirators should be used by the person handling this. Potassium Permanganate in water is the preferred reagent.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES An experimental carcinogen and teratogen - particularly toxic to CNS. Being a lipoid solvent, it can cause intoxication by inhalation as well as absorption through skin. Decomposition or exposure to sun light or on evaporation from TEL which is also a poisonous compound. May cause lead exposure intoxication by coming in contact with skin. A gasoline additive to prevent knocking in motors. This compound explodes if confined at high temp. It is much more toxic compaired to inorganic lead, close supervision because personality changes may occur and be manifested in suicidal attempt. Relapses during recovering are common.

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7.48 SAFETY DATA SHEET OF XYLENE 1 CHEMICAL IDENTITY Chemical Name : XYLENE Chemical Classification : Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Synonyms: Dimethyl Benzene, Xylol, Methyl Toluene Trade Name Xylene

Formula C8 H10 C.A.S.NO.1330-20-7 UN. NO. 1307 Regulated Shipping Name : Xylene Identification Codes/Label : Flammable Liquid, Class 3 Hazardous waste I.D. No: 5 Hazchem Code : 3 Y HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS C.A.S.NO. 1. P-Xylene 106-42-3 3. O-Xylene 95-47-6 2. M-Xylene 108-38-3 4. Toluene, Ethyl benzene, Non-aromatics, C9 aromatics.

2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL DATA Boiling Point/Range oC 137-140 Physical State : Liquid Appearance : Colourless Melting / Freezing oC 27 to -32 Vapour pressure Odour: Sweet Odour Point @ 35oC mm Hg 6.72mm Hg at 21 oC ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ Vapour Density N.A. Solubility in water @ 30oC Others (Air = 1) Not soluble Miscible with alcohol, ether and other organic liquids. Specific Gravity 0.864 pH (Water = 1) at 20oC (Liq.)

167

3. FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARD DATA Flammability Yes LEL 1 % Flash Point oC 37.7 (OC) TDG Flammability 3 UEL 7 % Flash Point oC 29 (CC) Autoignition Temperature oC 463 Explosion Sensitivity to Impact Stable Explosion Sensitivity to Static N.A. Electricity Hazardous Combustion products Limit acrid smoke and irritating fumes. Hazardous Polymerization Does not occur. Combustible Liquid Yes Explosive Material No Corrosive Material No Flammable Material Yes Oxidiser No Others Pyrophoric Material No Organic Peroxide No

4. REACTIVITY DATA Chemical Stability Stable Incompatibility with Oxidising materials other material Reactivity Can react with oxidising materials Hazardous Reaction N.A. Products

5. HEALTH HAZARD DATA Routes of Entry Inhalation, Ingestion, skin and Eyes Effects of Exposure/ Vapours cause headache, dizziness. Liquid irritates eyes & skin. If taken into lungs, Symptoms severe coughing, distress, rapidly developing pulmonary edema. If ingested, causes nausea, vomiting, cramps, headache, coma and can be fatal. Kidney and lever damage may occur.

Emergency Treatment Inhalation: Remove to fresh air area. Administer artificial respiration. Provide oxygen if necessary. Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Consumption of non-oily liquids (milk) may assist in delaying absorption. Eyes: Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 mins. Skin: Wash affected area with soap and water and remove contaminated clothing. Seek medical aid immediately. L.D50 (Oral-Rat) 4300 mg/kg L.D50




168

6. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Personal Protective Avoid contact with liquid or vapours. Equipment Provide approved canister or air-supplied mask, face-shield, plastic gloves, boots And apron.

Handling and Storage Store in well ventilated, dry area away from heat, flame and oxiding materials. Precautions

7. EMERGENCY AND FIRST AID MEASURES FIRE Fire Extinguishing Media CO2, Foam, Dry Chemical Powder.


EXPOSURE First Aid Measures Inhalation : Remove the victim to fresh air area, Administer aritficial respiration or oxygen if necessary. Ingestion : Do not induce vomiting. Taking non- oily liquids (milk) may assist in delaying absorption. Skin : Wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap. Eyes : Irrigate with plenty of water for 15 mins. Seek medical aid immediately. Antidotes/Dosages N.A. SPILLS Steps to be taken Shut off leaks if without risk. Absorb on sand or earth. Wash the surface with plenty of water and soap. Waste Disposal Method Spray into a furnace. Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

8. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION/REFERENCES Composition : As Non-aromatic 0.07%, Toluene 14%, Ethyl Benzene 19.27%, P-Xylene 7.84%, M-Xylene 65.01%, O-Xylene 7.63%, C9 and aromatic 0.04%,. Vapour / liquid exposure at 200 ppm causes irritation. A very dangerous for hazard when exposed to heat or fire.

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8.0 REFERENCES: I. List of Hazardous Materials UN Number, Name and IMDG Code Page Number - The Bureau of

National Affairs Inc. II. Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, US department of Health and Human Services (National Institute

of Occupational Safety and Health.) III. Hazchem Codings, allocated by Joint Committee on Fire Brigade Operations and confirmed by the

Health and Safety Executives ( Chemical Industries Association Limited ) IV. Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health & Safety - ILO, Geneva V. The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules – 1989 VI. The Central Motor Vehicles Rules – 1989 VII. Material Safety Data Sheets – ICMA VIII. The Factories Act, 1948

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OISD STD-114 (2002) Hazardous Chemicals and Their Handling

Documents

nfpa hazard

melting freezing

perform artificial

apply artificial

personal protective

occasionally

apply resuscitation

explosion