Oil gauge PRESENTATION_Final By Mazhar Iqbal

Mazhar IqbalBSME-12213

Oil GaugeInternal Combustion Engines

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OutlineWhat is a Gauge?Important Measuring Devices in Automobile

Working of Oil gaugeOil pressure and its problemsImportance of Lubricating oilOil PropertiesViscosity and Oil Grades

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What is a Gauge?Any measuring device that gives a visual display of the amount, level, or contents of something.

It tells what is happening inside the engine compartment

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Important Measuring Devices in Automobile

1.Speedometer2.Tachometer3.Fuel gauge4.Water temperature gauge5.Oil Gauge

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Speedometer

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Speedometer contd..This is the most common car gauge helps read the current speed of the car either in km/h or mph

In recent vehicles , Inside the round dial displays two sets of numeric digits:1. Distance traveled

This records the current travel distance of your car. you can reset this every time for monitoring purposes

2. Overall Distance Meter This helps read the vehicles travel, from the beginning of its life until the current time

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Tachometer

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Tachometer contd..This car gauge is also known as RPM, usually located beside the speedometer

Helps read the current revolution of the engine,

The red part displayed in this gauge is called the redline it means the maximum revolution the car can take.

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Fuel Gauge

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Fuel Gauge contd..This is the car gauge that helps monitor the current fuel level of tank

"F" means Full, "E" means emptyThere is grading in between as well

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Water Temperature Gauge

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Water Temperature Gauge contd..

Helps read the temperature of engine,

normally this should be at the half or a bit below

if it reaches more than half this shows that there's a problem with the engine temperature,

it might be overheating

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Oil pressure gauge

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Oil Pressure Gauge contd..Helps monitor when to change engine oil,

normally when the car is idle the reading of this gauge should be below the half

it should be like just 1/4 of the gauge,

when you speed up it will reach half or a bit more,

if it reads more than this then it only means that the engine oil is heating up and it needs to be changed.

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Oil Pressure Gauge contd..

The oil pressure is monitored by an oil pressure sending unit, usually mounted to the block of the engine.

depending on the type of sending unit , this can either be a spring-loaded pressure sensor or an electronic pressure sensor,

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Working of Oil Pressure Gauge

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Working of Oil Pressure Gauge contd..

Oil pressure Gauge works by displaying a warning signal when the oil pressure falls outside of the set range.

Two important components to the oil pressure sensor include:

1. the spring-loaded switch and2. a diaphragm.The spring-loaded switch is connected to the diaphragm that is exposed to the oil pressure.

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Working of Oil Pressure Gauge contd..

As the force of the oil pressure starts to build on the diaphragm, this forces the switch spring pressure,

which then pulls apart the electrical contacts to turn on the warning light.

If the oil pressure falls below the set limit, the diaphragm releases pressure off the springs to close the switch contacts that would normally result in the display of a warning sign to the drive

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Oil Pressure Gauge contd..There are two types of oil pressure SensorsSwitch based

When the oil pressure reaches a minimum level, the diaphragm presses against a switch.

When the oil pressure is low, the switch closes causing the low oil pressure light to illuminate.

When the pressure is above that limit, the switch opens causing the light to go out

Variable resistor basedAs oil pressure increases, more pressure is applied at the diaphragm.

The diaphragm is connected to a variable resistor.The oil pressure gauge measures the current through that resistor and the dial is calibrated to read PSI.

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Oil Pressure and its ProblemsOil pressure is affected by several factors.

The main conditions are the viscosity of the oil,the amount of bearing clearance,

and the volume of the oil pump. Any change in these conditions changes the oil pressure.

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1-Oil pressure too highThis is not a common problem. The main causes include :

High oil viscositythe relief valve set too high, or blockages can cause high oil pressure in the system.

When the engine is cold, expect the pressure to be higher than normal, but it should not be excessive.

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2-Oil pressure too lowOne of the most common problems with lubrication systems is low oil pressure.

The main causes include: Low oil viscosity

• The viscosity of the oil can also be changed by fuel or water dilution.

Wear on the engine’s vital parts Not enough oil in the crankcase,

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2-Oil pressure too low contd.. Wear on the engine’s vital parts

The leading cause of low oil pressure in an engine is wear on the engine’s vital parts.

Over time, engine bearings and seals suffer from wear and tear. Wear can cause these parts to eventually lose their original dimensions, and this increased clearance allows for a greater volume of oil to flow over time which can greatly reduce oil pressure.

Simply replacing worn bearings may fix this problem,

but in older engines with a lot of wear not much can be done besides completely overhauling the engine.

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2-Oil pressure too low contd..Not enough oil in the sump

Low oil pressure may be simply because there is not enough oil in the sump, due to burning oil (normally caused by piston ring wear or worn valve seals) or leakage.

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Importance of (Lubricating) Oil

The importance of proper lubrication is obvious, as the majority of operating problems and damage to internal combustion engines are caused by improper lubrication control.

The oil forms a film around the shafts, separating the shafts and bearings

to prevent metal-to metal contact, thus reducing friction and preventing wear of the bearing metal.

The heat due to friction in large bearings can be considerable, and large quantities of oil have to be circulated through the bearings for temperature control.

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Properties of OilThe oil used in an engine must serve as

A lubricanta coolantan agent for removing impuritiesIt must be able to withstand high temperatures without breaking down.

It must not oxidize on the chamber walls, piston top or at the piston rings.

Oil should have high film strength to prevent metal-to-metal contact even under extreme loads

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Properties of Oil Contd..The lubricating oil should have the correct viscosity so that it flows easily to all the moving parts.If oil viscosity is too high, more work is required to pump it and to shear it between the moving parts.

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Viscosity and Oil GradesViscosity

If the oil is too thin(has very low viscosity) it will be forced out from between the moving parts, resulting in rapid wear.

If the oil is too thick(has very high viscosity) it will flow very slowly to engine parts, especially when the engine and the oil are cold, resulting in rapid wear.

Viscosity Index is the measure of how much the viscosity of an oil changes with temperature.

Viscosity number is set by SAE (Society Automotive Engineers)

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Viscosity and Oil Grades contd..

Single viscosity oils SAE 5W, SAE 10W (Winter i.e. at -18 degree C) and

SAE 20, SAE30 … (Summer i.e. at 99 degree C)

Multiple viscosity oils SAE 10W-30This means that the oil is same as SAE 10W when cold and SAE30 when hot.

means that the oil has a grade10 when it is cold and30 when it is hot.

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ReferencesHillier's Fundamentals of Motor Vehicle Technology, Book 1 By V. A. W. Hillier, Peter Coombes

How to Modify Your Retro Or Classic Car for High Performance Transportation By Daniel Stapleton 2014-10-08

Automotive Electrical Handbook By Jim Horner

Internal Combustion Engines by S.S. Thipsehttp://www.virtualspeechcoach.com/tag/rhetorical-questions/

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