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The fall of the Roman Empire was to mark the beginning of the end of Classical Antiquity.
It was also to mark the foundation of the Western monastic tradition and the beginning of the Middle Ages that would eventually lead to the period known as the Renaissance.
Hospitality based around the home follows a symbolic transition that takes the visitor from stranger to guest to friend. Hospitality often focus on the relief of homelessness – however, this creates the paradox that without an actual home hospitality is impossible.
The concepts of guest, stranger, and host are closely related Hospitality is seen as essentially organic, revealing much
about the cultural values and beliefs of the societies Reciprocity of hospitality is an established principle Providing hospitality is paying homage to the gods – a worthy
and honourable thing to do – and failure is condemned in both the human and spiritual worlds
Developments in the societies lead to the formal stratification of hospitality: the codification of hospitality being based on whether it was private, civic or business, and on the needs and purpose of the guest/stranger, and their nature or status
Reciprocity of hospitality becomes legally defined Civic and business hospitality develops from private hospitality
but retains the key foundations – treat others as if in their own home
Hospitality management, in the civic and business sense, is established as being centred on persons responsible for formal hospitality, and also for the protection of the guest/stranger and ensuring their proper conduct.
Often considered the Dark Age because of its lack of Christianity
Historians often expanded the term to include lack of Latin literature, a lack of contemporary written history and material cultural achievements in general: really it is an age more silent than dark
Most modern historians dismiss notion of a Dark Age Pluralism and cultural diversity of Europe existed and the
period is now described and known as the early Middle Ages
Growth of a more settled population Town life, trade and commerce, and society more developed Educational institutions founded and universities established Literacy increased beyond the clergy The Church became the most sophisticated governing
institution in Western Europe Monastic orders also grew and flourished
Struggle for supremacy between Church and state Emergence of the secular state in its own right Church found itself challenged and often marginalized Protestant Reformation Establishment of the modern, and secular, nation-state, and
the continual expansion of trade and finance would contribute to the transformation of the European economy
Religious hospitality, hospitals, poor relief, and responsibility to refugees became separated from their Christian roots as the state increasingly took over more responsibility
From Italy in the 14th century, the period, which was to become known as the Renaissance (or rebirth), had begun and was to spread to the rest of Western Europe by the 16th and 17th centuries
The Renaissance was a period of European history that saw a renewed interest in the arts and in the classical past
The progress and achievements of the thousand years of the Mediaeval World had certainly established the solid foundations from which the Renaissance was to grow and flourish
History became a branch of literature rather than of theology and the critical analysis of the religious texts was to be undertaken with a secular view of history.
Whereas the mediaeval scholars had believed that they were living in the final age before the last judgment, and had considered the Greek and Roman Worlds as simply pagan, the Renaissance authors explored the rich history of the ancient and classical worlds, and proclaimed a new age of enlightened Classicism.
The fragmented feudal society of the Middle Ages was transformed into one increasingly dominated by central political institutions, had an urban and commercial economy, and had lay patronage of education, the arts, and music.
The monasteries had been the custodians of civilisation during the various periods of unrest during the Middle Ages.
The monasteries had also provided the blueprints for hospitality, the care of the sick and the poor, and responsibilities for refugees, which were to be adopted within the nation-states and in secular organisations.