Office of Atmospheric Programs Erika Wilson OAP Tribal Coordinator National Tribal Forum on Air Quality Tulsa, OK – May 22, 2012 1.

Office of Atmospheric Programs

Erika Wilson

OAP Tribal Coordinator

National Tribal Forum on Air Quality

Tulsa, OK – May 22, 2012

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Office of Atmospheric Programs

Clean Air Markets DivisionActing Director:

Rick Haeuber

Climate Protection

Partnerships Division

Director:

Beth Craig

Office of Atmospheric

ProgramsOffice Director: Sarah Dunham

Stratospheric Protection Division

Director:

Drusilla Hufford

Climate Change DivisionDirector:

Paul Gunning

What OAP Does

OAP

1. Protects the ozone layer,

2. Addresses climate change,

3. Improves regional air quality.

OAP does this through

• Domestic Regulations

• International Protocols

• Partnership and Technical Assistance Programs

Mission-Driven OAP Tribal Work

• Unique focus on environmental issues at the global and regional scales

• Challenge is to engage tribal stakeholders in a way that makes sense given the nature of our programs

– Opportunities

• Training and Capacity-Building

• Technical Support, including Monitoring

• Regulatory Outreach

• Analytical Efforts

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OAP and Tribes

Clean Air Markets Division

• OAP’s Clean Air Markets Division develops, implements, collects data on, and assesses emission reduction programs designed to reduce regional air pollution problems. – Acid Rain Program

– Clean Air Interstate Rule

– Cross-State Air Pollution Rule

• Environmental monitoring– CASTNET

– NADP

– TIME/LTM

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• Air pollution can travel hundreds of miles and cause multiple health and environmental problems on regional or national scales

• Many areas are still violating the 1997 ozone and the 1997 and 2006 fine particulate health-based air quality standards

• Attaining national ambient air quality standards will require some combination of emission reductions from:– Sources located in or near nonattainment areas

(local pollution),

– Sources located further from the nonattainment area (transported pollution), and

– Pollution emitted by power plants, cars, trucks, and other industrial facilities.

Air Pollution Transport Fundamentals

Air Pollution Transport Effects

• Health– SO2 contributes to the formation of PM2.5

• PM2.5 has been linked to premature death, serious illnesses such as chronic bronchitis and heart attacks, and respiratory problems

– NOX contributes to the formation of PM2.5 and ground-level ozone

• Ozone has been linked to premature mortality, lung damage, respiratory symptoms, aggravation of asthma and other respiratory conditions

• Environmental– Sulfur deposition acidifies surface waters, and damages forest

ecosystems and soils

– Nitrogen deposition acidifies surface waters, damages forest ecosystems and soils, and contributes to coastal eutrophication

• Visibility– SO2 and NOX impair visibility, including at national parks and

wilderness areas

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Public Access to Data

• Annual progress reports• Detailed, searchable emissions and

allowance data• Monitoring network data• Interactive 3-D mapping

www.epa.gov/cleanairmarkets 8

Recent and Current Activities

• Tribal monitoring support– Three tribal CASTNET sites

• Cherokee, OK• Santee Sioux, NE• Alabama-Coushatta, TX

– Ambient mercury monitoring site (NADP – AMNet)• Cherokee, OK

– Passive ammonia monitoring sites (NADP – AMoN)• Cherokee, OK• Santee Sioux, NE

• Cross-State Air Pollution Rule– Consultation, new unit set aside in Indian country– Conducted special outreach for tribes

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CAMD and Tribes

Climate Change Division

• OAP's Climate Change Division (CCD) works to assess and address global climate change and the associated risks to human health and the environment. CCD plays a key role in a range of climate policy and analytical issues inside and outside EPA; domestic and international; regulatory and voluntary.

– U.S. Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Climate Indicators Report– GHG Reporting Rule and Data Tool– Domestic and international Non-CO2 partnership programs such

as the • Landfill Methane Outreach Program and • Global Methane Initiative

– Tracks emerging issues in climate science, impacts, economics, and innovative technologies

– Supports U.S. international climate change frameworks and negotiating bodies

Climate changes are underway in the United States and are projected to grow

Climate ChangesTemperature Sea Level Rise

Precipitation

Erosion and Inundation of coastal

lands

Coastal Areas

Changes in irrigation demand and pest

management

Agriculture

Changes in precipitation,

water quality, andwater supply

Water Resources

Loss of habitat and plant and animal

diversity

Ecosystems

More risk of weather-related deaths, infectious diseases, and respiratory

illnesses

Health

Climate Impacts

Effects on traditional practices

Cultural Resources & Communities

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U.S. Supreme Court Decision

GHG Endangerment

Finding

First GHG Standards for

Passenger Vehicles

Clean Air Act Process for

Stationary Sources

Taking Action on GHG Emissions

Climate change poses unique risks to certain sensitive populations—including

the poor, children, elderly and indigenous communities.

• EPA requires 41 source categories to report GHG data annually, accounting for 85-90% of U.S. GHG emissions.

– 29 source categories reported Year 2010 data in 2011.

– An additional 12 source categories will report Year 2011 data in 2012.

– Approximately 10,000 facilities will be covered by the program at the end of 2012. Of these, 29 are located on tribal lands.

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Goal: To collect accurate GHG data to inform future policy decisions

Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program

• Data publication tool allows users to view GHG data in a variety of ways, including by location, facility, industrial sector, or state.– 2010 data was published in January 2012

– 2011 data will be published in early 2013

– New feature to identify facilities on tribal lands

http://GHGdata.epa.gov/

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• Resources for climate information

• Updating EPA Climate Change website (http://www.epa.gov/climatechange) – New site will include information on climate change impacts to

tribes and examples of how tribes are adapting• Climate Change Indicators Report – updating for 2012• Factsheets

• Resources for taking an active role on climate • Through a 4-year cooperative agreement with ITEP:

– Tribes & Climate Change Website (http://www4.nau.edu/tribalclimatechange)

– Training workshops on developing an adaptation plan– Technical assistance webinars– Monthly email newsletter with a variety of informational resources

CCD and Tribes

Climate Protection Partnerships Division

• Manages highly successful partnership programs– Energy Efficiency

– Clean Energy

– State/local/tribal capacity-building for EE and CE

• Achieving environmental results– In 2010 prevented more than 345 MMTCO2e of GHG emissions (81 million

vehicles emissions equivalent)

– Cumulatively, preventing more than 5,400 MMTCO2e

• 20 years of CPPD partnership success– Over 21,000 partners

– In 2011, Americans reduced their utility bills by $23 billion

Partnership GHG Reduction Programs

• Partnership GHG emission reduction programs

– ENERGY STAR for the Residential, Commercial, and Industrial Sectors

– Green Power Partnership

– Combined Heat & Power Partnership

– State and Local Programs

• Common sense approach to promoting energy-efficient and cost-effective technologies and practices

– National leader in environmental protection through energy efficiency

– Credible, objective information

– Valuable energy management and benchmarking tools

– Technical assistance

Recent and Current Activities

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• Climate Showcase Community Grant Program– Provide technical assistance to six tribal grantees

implementing climate mitigation projects• State and Local Climate and Energy Program

– Develop tribal content for website, winter 2012– Host climate adaptation webcast, fall 2012– Organized mitigation and adaptation session for the

Alaska Forum on Environment (Feb 2011)• Green Power Partnership

– Build capacity through webcasts on tribal renewable projects in partnership with DOE’s Western Area Power Administration (WAPA), a power marketing entity

– Provide partner benefits to tribal partner– Conducting focused outreach to Minority Serving

Institutions, i.e., tribal colleges (ongoing)• Combined Heat and Power Partnership

– Provide partner benefits to tribal partner• CPPD Tribal GHG Inventory Assistance

– Investigate and deliver support on how to quantify tribal GHG emissions, starting work summer 2012

CPPD and Tribes

Stratospheric Protection Division

Our mission: implement the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Clean Air Act Title VI, and supporting partnership programs to protect stratospheric ozone

Regulatory Approaches:• Turn off production tap for ozone-depleting substances (ODS): first chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other class I compounds – then class II hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)• Find alternatives: Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) Program• Emissions reduction: Maintenance and disposal of refrigeration/AC equipment

Supportive Partnership Programs:• Emissions reduction partnerships: Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) and GreenChill• Share sun safety information: SunWise

Ozone Layer

• Ozone layer is Earth’s “sunscreen” – protects people, plants and animals from too much ultraviolet radiation.

• Because ozone depleting chemicals persist for long periods in the ozone layer, damage cannot be reversed rapidly - but should recover by about 2065.

Ozone hole over Antarctica in September 2010

Figures: NASA

Ozone hole over Antarctica in September 1987

Every $1 invested in SunWise earns $2 to $4 in public health savings.

In All 50 StatesProven

EffectiveSunWise students show an 11% decrease in sunburns.

Free Resources

Goal: Prevent skin cancer by sharing sun safety information with schools, kids & families

Reducing Refrigerant Emissions

• Clean Air Act: Emissions Reduction Programs– Prohibits intentional releases of CFCs, HCFCs &

substitutes (HFCs)

• Establishes Service Practices for Stationary Refrigeration/AC and Motor Vehicle AC – Refrigerant recovery and recycling standards– Technician training and certification

• Partnerships go beyond regulations

Recent and Current Activities

Stratospheric Ozone and Tribes

OAP Tribal Program Plan

• OAP would like to work with tribes to develop a tribal program plan outlining our priorities and objectives for working with tribes

• Need tribal input in the creation of this document

• Keep an eye out for more information or contact me directly to become involved

• Erika Wilson – 202.343.9113, [email protected]

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Discussion

• What OAP programs or topics are most relevant to your tribe?

• How can our resources and programs benefit tribal communities?

• How should we be reaching out to tribes on OAP issues?– Ideas for training venues for motor vehicle air

conditioning equipment?

• How can we be better partners?

04/19/23 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 24

Office of Atmospheric Programs: http://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/oar.html#oap

Clean Air Markets Division:http://epa.gov/airmarkets/

Climate Change Division: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ccd.html

Climate Protection Partnership Division: http://www.epa.gov/cppd/

Stratospheric Protection Division: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/desc.html

Erika WilsonEPA Office of Atmospheric Programs

[email protected]

04/19/23 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 26

APPENDIX

04/19/23 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 27

OAP’s 2009-2011 Tribal Priorities*

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• Expand outreach and engage tribes on:– Climate adaptation planning – Climate mitigation implementation – Partnership greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance reduction

programs

• Build tribal adaptation planning capacity and communicate climate change impacts

• Support tribal monitoring of mercury, rural air quality and pollutant deposition

• Consult and engage tribes on rulemakings

• Currently being updated* In no particular order