Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Humanitarian Disaster Management / Emergency Response Mechanism 02 December 2009, Jakarta
Jan 13, 2016
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs
Humanitarian Disaster Management / Emergency
Response Mechanism
02 December 2009, Jakarta
Article One = the purposes of the UN:
– To keep peace throughout the world– To develop friendly relations between nations based on
the principles of equal rights & self-determination of peoples
– To promote cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms
– To be a centre for achieving these common goals
MAINMAIN
ORGANS OF ORGANS OF
THE UNTHE UN
SPECIALIZED AGENCIESSPECIALIZED AGENCIES
& OTHER ORGANISATIONS& OTHER ORGANISATIONS
Security Security CouncilCouncil
SecretariatSecretariat
General General AssemblyAssembly
Economic Economic & Social & Social CouncilCouncil
International International Court of Court of JusticeJustice
Trusteeship Trusteeship CouncilCouncil
S-GS-G
UN PROGRAMMES UN PROGRAMMES
& FUNDS& FUNDS
Basic organisation of the United Nations
The Emergency Relief Coordinator(GA Resolution 46/182, December 1991)
• Is USG for Humanitarian Affairs and heads OCHA;
• Processes requests from Member States for emergency assistance and Mobilizes emergency relief capacities
• Conducts pooling and analysis of early-warning information, joint inter-agency needs-assessment
• Facilitates negotiation on access to deliver aid;
• Promotes the smooth transition from relief to rehabilitation;
• Chairs the Inter-Agency Standing Committee;
• Manages the world-wide network of Humanitarian Coordinators.
Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform
OCHA was established pursuant to the adoption of the Secretary General’s Programme for Reform by GA Resolution 52/12 (12 Nov. 1997), which identified 3 priority areas for OCHA:
POLICY DEVELOPMENT, to ensure that all humanitarian issues are addressed;
ADVOCACY of humanitarian issues;
COORDINATION of humanitarian emergency response.
OCHA Response Mechanisms and Tools OCHA Response Mechanisms and Tools • 24 hours Duty system24 hours Duty system
• Reliefweb.intReliefweb.int
• Emergency Cash GrantsEmergency Cash Grants
• Register of Disaster Register of Disaster Management CapabilitiesManagement Capabilities
• MCDA & MCDA & CMCoord*CMCoord*
• Brindisi Warehouse Brindisi Warehouse
• CAP sectionCAP section
•CERFCERF
• IRIN (IRIN (Integrated Regional Information Networks)Integrated Regional Information Networks)
• Humanitarian Info Centre *Humanitarian Info Centre *
*) UN Common services*) UN Common services
• UNDAC TeamsUNDAC Teams
• IHP Support modules (+)IHP Support modules (+)
• Standby PartnersStandby Partners
• IASC secretariatIASC secretariat
• On Site Operations Coordination On Site Operations Coordination centre ( OSOCC) in fieldcentre ( OSOCC) in field
• Virtual OSOCC (GDACS)Virtual OSOCC (GDACS)
• INSARAG SecretariatINSARAG Secretariat
• Disaster Response advisorsDisaster Response advisors
• Environmental Emergency Section Environmental Emergency Section
• Emergency telecomms*Emergency telecomms*
OCHA Tools
OCHA IndonesiaOCHA has been present in Indonesia since 1999 focusing on:
• Strengthening in-country coordination capacity in close collaboration with BNPB and other government agencies
• Monitoring, reporting and responding to natural disasters and other emergencies
• Coordinating and mobilizing humanitarian response
• Advocating humanitarian issues through various mechanisms
• Secretariat of Consortium for Disaster Education and UNTWG-DRR
• OCHA is embedded to RC/HC Office
Disaster Management Principles and Coordination
• The principle of liability;
• The principle of greatest possible similarity;
• The principle of lowest possible operational level,
What is coordination for?
• Avoiding duplication
• Ensuring coverage
• Speeding delivery
• Using facilities efficiently
• Prioritised needs addressed first
National National levellevel
Local Emergency Local Emergency Management LevelManagement Level
International International levellevel
Levels of coordination
OCHA’s Global Coordination Model
Disaster affected country
• National disaster relief coord.
• Embassies
• UN agencies’ reps.
• National Red Cross/Crescent
• National NGO’s
• Others (including private)
International response
• Donor governments
• Inter Governmental org.
•UN agencies
• Red Cross/Crescent family.
• International NGO’s
• Others (including private)
OCHA(IASC)
Information on needs & national response
Information onneeds/international response
Representative ofOCHA (ResReps/UNDAC)
ASSISTANCE
But the reality ?
IFRC
ICRC
CEDERAPNSs
WFPNGOs
UNDP
MIL
OCHAGeneva
HumanitarianCoordinator
AffectedAffectedPopulationPopulationAffected
Government
CIMIC
NationalRed Cross
USAID/DART
Ambassadors
DonorGovt’s
NGOs
Nationalmilitary
HCR
UNICEF
IGOs
OSSOC
UNDAC
MEDIA
Humanitarian Response Review in 2005 found:
• Well-known, long-standing gaps
• Unpredictable response capacity
• Weak partnerships
• Insufficient accountability
• Inconsistent donor policies
Humanitarian Reform: Building a Stronger, More Predictable Humanitarian
Response System
Three Pillars of Reform and The Foundation
CLUSTER APPROACH
Adequate capacity and predictable leadership
in all sectors
HUMANITARIAN COORDINATORS
Effective leadership and coordination in
humanitarian emergencies
HUMANITARIAN FINANCING
Adequate, timely and flexible financing
PARTNERSHIP
Strong partnerships between UN and non-UN actors
For further learning: www.humanitarianreform.org
Inter-Agency Standing Committee Full Members and Standing Invitees
Full Members
Food and Agricultural
Organisation (FAO)
Office for the Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
United Nations Development
Programme (UNDP)
United Nations Population Fund
(UNFPA)
United Nations High Comissioner
for Refugees (UNHCR)
United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF)
World Food Programme (WFP)
World Health Organisation
(WHO)
Standing Invitees
International Committee of the
Red Cross (ICRC)
International Council of Voluntary
Agencies (ICVA)
International Federation of Red
Cross and Red Crescent
Societies (IFRC)
American Council for Voluntary
International Action (InterAction)
International Organisation for
Migration (IOM)
Office of the High Commissioner
for Human Rights (OHCHR)
Office of the Special
Representative of the Secretary
General on the Human Rights of
Internally Displaced Persons
(RSG on HR of IDPs)
Steering Committee for
Humanitarian Response (SCHR)
World Bank (World Bank)
Whose reform?
Cluster Approach• Cluster/Sector Working Group• Agriculture• Camp Coordination & Camp
Mgmt• Early Recovery• Education• Emergency Shelter
• Emergency Telecomms• Health• Logistics• Nutrition• Protection
• Water, Sanitation & Hygiene
Global Cluster Leads
FAOUNHCR (conflict) & IOM (nat. disasters)
UNDPUNICEF & Save the ChildrenUNHCR (conflict) & IFRC (as Convenor. Nat. disasters)WFPWHOWFPUNICEFUNHCR (conflict) / UNICEF (Disasters/ civilians from conflict or non-IDPs)UNICEF
Cluster Approach in Indonesia• Was activated during Yogyakarta and Central Java
Earthquake Response in 2006
• Contingency Planning using cluster approach. All clusters except Camp Management has been activated. Scenarios: large scale (major earthquake), medium scale (floods affecting some provinces) and full blown pandemic influenza
• Strengthen the cluster to respond the needs in West Java Earthquake - September 2009 and West Sumatra Earthquake - October 2009
Humanitarian Coordinators
• Establish broad-based humanitarian country teams
• Greater inclusiveness, transparency, and ownership in the appointment of Humanitarian Coordinators (non-IASC partners)
• RC/HC “score card”
• Training and Induction
• Support to HCs during emergencies and in transition
Actions to strengthen the HC system:
Humanitarian Financing
• Good Humanitarian Donorship (GHD) initiative• Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF)• Other initiatives
These complement the existing:
• Consolidated and Flash Appeal Processes• Common Humanitarian Funds (CHFs), Emergency Response
Funds (ERFs), Operational Reserves etc
Accessible funds within 72 hours of a crises.
Actions to improve Humanitarian financing:
Partnership Building
The Government has primary role in organizing humanitarian assistance in a disaster (GA Resolution 46/182).
Sector/Cluster Lead responsible for promoting close cooperation and linkages.
Where appropriate, should promote training and capacity building.
Influenced by political and security situation.
No single humanitarian agency can cover all humanitarian needs
Guidelines on the use of Military and Civil Defence Assets in Disaster Relief
(Oslo Guidelines, 1994, updated 2006)
Aimed to establish the basic framework for formalizing and improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the use of foreign military and civil defense assets in international disaster relief operations.
Principles and Concepts
At the request or consent of receiving state
At no cost to the receiving state
In support of local emergency management
“Additionality/Complementarity” (Supporting)
Needs-based, neutral and impartial
Unarmed and in national uniform
Any questions ?Any questions ?