Off Shore Oil Drilling Presentation

Off-Shore Oil Drilling

By: Christian Ricchezza

http://grist.org/oil/2011-05-02-the-house-wants-to-expand-offshore-drilling/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/businesslatestnews/8314063/In-pictures-the-machines-that-use-Rolls-Royce-engines.html?image=5

http://www.upworthy.com/did-you-hear-about-that-big-oil-spill-that-just-happened-no-not-that-one-no-not

http://www.businessinsider.com/seismic-airgun-testing-explained-2013-8

The Drilling Procedures

First Step Second Step Third Step

http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/energy/stories/types-of-offshore-oil-rigs

http://www.mnn.com/earth-matters/energy/stories/types-of-offshore-oil-rigs

● Researchers send seismic waves into the water to reveal buried topographyo Created through

compressed air● Waves bounce back,

indicating where reserves may be

● Impacts to mammals within the vicinityo Defenders of wildlife

Seismic Surveying

pcsageology.blogspot.com

● These animals are highly sensitive to sound waveso Seismic tests distort

ability to communicate and travel

● Not a reliable way to locate reserves beneath the seaflooro Educated guesses

“Never know until you drill.”

● The location process of oil reserves under the seafloor impacts certain organisms like Mammals

Continued...

http://blog.cleanenergy.org/2011/02/28/things-that-go-bump-in-the-bight/

● Various toxic fluids producedo Disposed of daily

Inhibit wildlife ● Drilling Fluid and metal

cuttingso 90,000 Metric tons

● Drilling mudso Lubricant for drilling bits

and pipes● Produced water

o 20% of waste produced o Contents of 30 to 40 ppm

Drilling

rosaninstones.nl

● April 20, 2010o BP - operated macondo

Prospect oil rig● Largest accidental marine oil

spillo 11 workers perishedo 170 million gallons of oil

● Environmental consequenceso Short termo Long term

Deepwater Horizon Incident

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/8155309/Gulf-of-Mexico-oil-spill-White-House-report-criticises-BPs-response-to-disaster.html

● 8,000 birds, sea turtles, and other marine animals found injured or dead

● Birdso Coated feathers

Drowning, Hypothermia

● Mammals o Ingested oil

Stomach ulcers● Corals

o Dead and dying

Short Term Impacts

http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2010/06/scenes_from_the_gulf_of_mexico.html

http://blog.thesietch.org/2012/04/06/gulf-of-mexico-oil-spills-effects-on-deep-water-corals/

http://www.greenfudge.org/2010/06/18/gulf-oil-spill-update-animals-crowding-near-shorelines-face-risk-of-mass-die-offs/

www.animalplanet.com

● Oil persists over long periods of timeo not visible on surface

● Hundreds of Stranded turtleso National Wildlife Federation

Statement

Long Term Impacts

● Occured at peak of breeding seasons○ Eggs and larvae

● Entire generations wiped out○ Impaired food web

● Few in numbers, but cause devastating effects

http://www.examiner.com/article/bp-gulf-oil-spill-pictures-top-kill-update-watch-live-feed-of-oil-leak-off-louisiana-coast

http://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0629/Sea-turtles-wildlife-experts-set-to-collect-and-move-eggs-away-from-Gulf-oil-spill

● Most oil rigs 1 mile off the coasto Barges and tankers needed

● ⅓ of worldwide petroleum spillageo National research council

● Mineral management serviceo 1 spill every day for 40

yearso Large spills every 3 to 4

years● Transportation makes oil

entering the ocean inevitableo Persists over long periods

of time

Transportation

http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/rperks/more_american_want_clean_energ.html

● March 24, 1989o 10.8 million gallons of oil

releasedo 13,000 miles of coastland

● Oil can spread extremely quicklyo 50 yds per second

● Direct impacts of oil are hiddeno Fishermans statement

● 20 years later?

Exxon Valdez Disaster

http://www.bloomberg.com/slideshow/7/2012-04-17/ship-fails-titanic-to-today.html

● Highly organic soilso Oil difficult to remove

● Organisms rely on environments for survival

● Kills existing plant lifeo Essential for binding soils

● Also affects wildlifeo National Wildlife

Federation● Oil persists over long period

o health and birth defects

Coastal wetlands

http://kboo.fm/node/21948

● Terrestrial arthropodso Food sourceo Decompose plant

material● Trophic link

o Terrestrial and marine vertebrae

Lower trophic levels● Phytoplankton● Vulnerable to ecosystem changes

○ Adverse reactions● Delicate changes cause significant

problems○ Nutrient content○ Reduce biodiversity

http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1946000/oil_from_bp_spill_became_food_for_plankton/

www.animalplanet.com

● Fish, birds, and mammalso Contact, smothering,

toxicity● Fish

o Poison eggso Contaminated gills

● Sea birdso Majority of time on

surfaceo Reduce buoyancy

● Mammalso Temporary eye problemso Kidney damageo Behavioural abnormalities

Higher Trophic Levels

www.animalplanet.com

● Birdso Chronic oil ingestion

Birth defectso More birds drowning

● Mammalso Blubber/ fur properties

Hypothermia/ deatho Chronic ingestion

● Undeveloped cleaning procedureso Difficulty to clean some

specieso Secondary fungal

infections

Chronic Exposure

wikiarmstrong7.wikispaces.com

www.huffingtonpost.com

● Located in high current areaso Gas exchangeo Food delivery

● Hydrocarbon rich plumeso Excess sediment deposition

and accumulation● Bp Macondo Prospect

o Brown fluclants Weathered oil Hydrocarbons

o Excess mucus productiono Tissue loss

● Direct impacts on coral communities

Coral communities

http://www.nature.com/news/2010/012345/full/news.2010.589/slideshow/1.html?identifier=1

http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=83538&tid=3622&cid=125889

http://www.nature.com/news/2010/012345/full/news.2010.589/slideshow/1.html?identifier=1

● Follow up studyo Accumulation rate >

dispersal rate● Communities overrun by

hydroidso Excess stresso Reduce biodiversity

● 69 coral communities accessedo 47 had hydroid

colonizationo Others had no living

tissue

Chronic exposurehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hzXLcMxIdws

blogs.mprnews.org

● Continuous Threats● Catastrophic events impacts

the environment for many years

● No sure way to prevent oil leakageo Or disasters

● Pushing boundaries of the oceano 71% of our planet

Conclusion

https://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/4118-104

Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. “Wildlife and Oil Spills.” December.” http://www.epa.gov/osweroe1/docs/oil/edu/oilspill_book/chap5.pdf. Accessed September 28, 2014.

Fisher, Demopoulos, Cordes, Baums, White, Bourque. 2014. "Coral Communities as Indicators of Ecosystem-Level Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Spill." BioScience: 796. Academic OneFile. Web. 29 Sept. 2014.

Fox News Latino. 2014. "Exxon Valdez Effect Still Linger 25 Years After Oil Spill in Alaska." Last modified March 20, 2014. http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/money/2014/03/20/exxon-valdez-effects-still-linger-25-years-after-oil-spill-in-alaska/ Last accessed Septemebr 27, 2014.

Godfrey, B. June 22, 2010. "BP Oil Spill Effect Gulf Plants." Horticulture.com. http://www.hortmag.com/weekly-tips/the-scoop-weekly-tips/oilspillplants. Accessed October 24, 2014.

Horowitz, Andy. "The BP Oil Spill and the End of Empire, Louisiana." Southern Cultures: Academic OneFile. Web. 26 Sept. 2014.

Jervis, Rick, William Welch, and Richard Wolf. "Worth the risk? Debate on offshore drilling heats up." USA Today. Last modified July 14, 2008. http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/energy/2008-07-13-offshore-drilling_N.htm. Last accessed September 7, 2014.

Moore, Kirk. 2013. "Search for Atlantic oil called threat to marine life." USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/09/18/seismic-oil-tests-marine-life/2834503/ accessed October 23, 2014.

National Wild Federation. 2012. “How Does the BP Spill Impacts Wildlife and Habitat." http://www.nwf.org/What-We-Do/Protect-Habitat/Gulf-Restoration/Oil-Spill/Effects-on-Wildlife.aspx. Last accessed September 6, 2014.

Nixon, Robin. 2008. "Oil Drilling: Risks and Rewards." Live Science. Last modified June 25, 2008.http://www.livescience.com/4979-oil-drilling-risks-rewards.html. Last accessed september 25, 2014.

Ozhan, Koray, Michael L. Parsons, and Sibel Bargu. 2014. "How Were Phytoplankton Affected by the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill?" BioScience: 829.Academic OneFile. Web.

Pennings, Steven C., Brittany D. McCall, and Linda Hooper-Bui. 2014. "Effects of Oil Spills on Terrestrial Arthropods in Coastal Wetlands." BioScience: 789. Academic OneFile. Web. 28 Sept. 2014.

Shigenaka, Gary. “Toxicity of Oil to Reef- Building Corals: A Skill Response Perspective.” National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Technical Memorandum. September 1, 2001. http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/noaa_documents/NOS/ORR/TM_NOS_ORR/TM_NOS-ORR_8.pdf. Accessed September 28, 2014.

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