Evaluation of Compliance to a Convenience Store Ordinance in Two Cities Cammie Chaumont Menéndez, PhD National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Society for the Advancement of Violence and Injury Research Baltimore, MD June 6 2013 June 6, 2013
30
Embed
of to a Store Ordinance in Two Cities · Convenience Store Ordinance Houston Dallas • Convenience Store Task Force • May 10, 2010 • January 1, 2010
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Evaluation of Compliance to a Convenience Store Ordinance in Two Cities
Cammie Chaumont Menéndez, PhDNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Society for the Advancement of Violence and Injury ResearchBaltimore, MDJune 6 2013June 6, 2013
Proportion of Fatalities Attributed to l l d *Violence in Selected Occupations*
*Bureau of Labor Statistics
Proportion of Fatalities Attributed to l l d *Violence in Selected Occupations*
*Bureau of Labor Statistics
Workplace Violence Prevention in Convenience Stores
• Crime Prevention Through Environmental DesignCrime Prevention Through Environmental Design– Increasing effort and risks while reducing rewards
• Situational Crime Prevention– Framework applied to specific scenarios– Framework applied to specific scenarios
• OSHA Guidelines• OSHA Guidelines– “Recommendations for Workplace Violence Prevention Programs in Late‐Night Establishments”Prevention Programs in Late Night Establishments
Convenience Store OrdinanceConvenience Store Ordinance
Houston DallasHouston• Convenience Store Task
Force
Dallas• May 10, 2010
• January 1, 2010
Ordinance RequirementsOrdinance Requirements
Increasing the Effort Increasing the Risks Reducing the Rewards
Natural SurveillanceUnobstructed Visibility through Windowsthrough Windows
Study ObjectivesStudy Objectives
• Determine the compliance of convenience stores to the ordinance requirementsstores to the ordinance requirements
• Evaluate factors associated with store compliance
MethodsData Collection
• Survey instruments:Su ey st u e ts:– Questionnaire
• Knowledge of ordinance requirements• Compliance with ordinance requirements• Additional security features• Robbery risk factors and crime historyy y• Store ownership characteristics• Store manager and employee demographics
Preliminary ResultsFactors Associated with Compliance
Unadjusted and adjusted models by timing of ordinance compliance, Houston and Dallas convenience stores, 2011.
ORadj (95% CL)C li b f di i ff tCompliance before ordinance in effect
Store open 24 hours 2.6 (1.5, 4.4)Store located in Dallas 2.8 (1.6, 5.0)Store located in high risk area 1.9 (1.0, 3.5)
Compliance after ordinance in effectCompliance after ordinance in effectStore open 24 hours 4.6 (2.3, 9.0)Store located in Dallas 6.3 (2.8, 14.2)Expressway within 1/2 mile of store 2.7 (1.1, 4.5)
Not compliant with ordinanceNot compliant with ordinanceStore not open 24 hours 3.3 (2.3, 4.9)Store located in Houston 2.5 (1.8, 3.6)
Bolded font indicates statistical significance at p<0.05.
li f di• Low compliance to safety ordinance– Not compliant = 482 stores
• Opportunity for improvement
DiscussionDiscussion
• Dallas vs Houston differences in complianceDallas vs. Houston differences in compliance
S hi h i k f bb• Stores at high risk for robbery
• Single‐owner operator of smaller stores– Difficult to reach demographiccu o eac de og ap c
Next StepsNext Steps
• Complete analysesComplete analyses– Focus on single owner stores
• Present findings to police departments
• Work with community partners on dissemination efforts
AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsResearch PartnersHouston Police DepartmentDallas Police DepartmentChairs of Mayor’s Task Force for Convenience Store Security, HoustonChairs of Mayor’s Task Force for Convenience Store Security, DallasSouth Texas Area Dealers AssociationVietnamese Community of HoustonChinese Community Center, HoustonKorean Community Center of Houston Korean Society of DallasGreater Dallas Asian American Chamber of CommerceNorthern Texas Trade Association
Located within 1 mile of Known drug trafficking activity 30 (20) 13 (6) 23 (112)Known drug trafficking activity 30 (20) 13 (6) 23 (112)Loitering 40 (27) 31 (14) 33 (157)Subsidized public housing 37 (25) 13 (6) 17 (82)Private multi‐family units 58 (39) 36 (16) 47 (228)Near neglected/vandalized areas 25 (17) 7 (3) 20 (95)
Preliminary ResultsManager Characteristics
Compliance before % (N)
Compliant % (N)
Not compliant% (N)
Total 67 45 482GenderMen 81 (54) 80 (36) 83 (398)Women 19 (13) 20 (9) 16 (79)Age16‐19 years 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (1)20‐24 years 5 (3) 4 (2) 4 (18)25‐34 years 30 (20) 20 (9) 22 (104)35‐44 years 22 (15) 51 (23) 28 (130)45‐54 years 33 (22) 20 (9) 33 (156)55‐64 years 9 (6) 4 (2) 11 (52)≥ 65 1 (1) 0 (0) 1 (7)≥ 65 years 1 (1) 0 (0) 1 (7)Highest educational attainmentSome/completed high school/GED 32 (21) 54 (24) 43 (204)Some college/Associate’s degree 31 (20) 20 (9) 29 (135)Bachelor’s/Master’s degree 29 (19) 22 (10) 24 (112)Professional/Doctoral degree 4 (3) 2 (1) 2 (8)Professional/Doctoral degree 4 (3) 2 (1) 2 (8)NativityBorn in the United States 27 (18) 53 (24) 23 (111)Born outside the United States 72 (48) 44 (20) 75 (363)Race/EthnicityWhite, Non‐Hispanic 10 (7) 13 (6) 15 (70), p ( ) ( ) ( )Black, Non‐Hispanic 24 (16) 40 (18) 10 (48)Asian 52 (35) 40 (18) 61 (295)Other (including Hispanic) 12 (8) 5 (2) 13 (63)
Preliminary ResultsFactors Associated with Compliance
Unadjusted and adjusted models by timing of ordinance compliance, Houston and Dallas convenience stores, 2011.
ORunadj (95% CL) ORadj (95% CL)C li b f di i ff tCompliance before ordinance in effect
Store open 24 hours 2.95 (1.76, 4.94) 2.63 (1.54, 4.35)Store located in Dallas 3.02 (1.73, 5.28) 2.81 (1.59, 4.97)Store located in high risk area 1.67 (0.93, 3.03) 1.85 (1.01, 3.45)
Compliance after ordinance in effectCompliance after ordinance in effectStore open 24 hours 5.45 (2.84, 10.46) 4.56 (2.31, 9.00)Store located in Dallas 6.76 (1.12, 14.93) 6.32 (2.80, 14.23)Expressway within 1/2 mile of store 2.31 (1.17, 4.54) 2.71 (1.06, 4.46)
Not compliant with ordinanceNot compliant with ordinanceStore not open 24 hours 4.42 (2.82, 6.92) 3.32 (2.26, 4.88)Store located in Houston 4.53 (2.80, 7.36) 2.50 (1.75, 3.58)
Bolded font indicates statistical significance at p<0.05.