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OF MICE AND ELK: PILOT STUDIES ON A KILLED, MUCOSALLY‐DELIVERED, BRUCELLA ABORTUS VACCINE FOR ELK JACK RHYAN WILDLIFE PATHOLOGIST U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE VETERINARY SERVICES OCTOBER 22, 2018
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OF MICE AND ELK: PILOT STUDIES ON A KILLED, … USAHA_2018_PPT... · of mice and elk: pilot studies on a killed, mucosally‐delivered, brucellaabortusvaccine for elk jack rhyan wildlife

Apr 30, 2019

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Page 1: OF MICE AND ELK: PILOT STUDIES ON A KILLED, … USAHA_2018_PPT... · of mice and elk: pilot studies on a killed, mucosally‐delivered, brucellaabortusvaccine for elk jack rhyan wildlife

OF MICE AND ELK:  P ILOT STUDIES  ON A KILLED,  MUCOSALLY‐DELIVERED,  BRUCELLA ABORTUS VACCINE FOR ELK

J A C K   R H Y A NW I L D L I F E   P A T H O L O G I S TU . S .   D E P A R TM E N T   O F   A G R I C U L T U R EA N I M A L   A N D   P L A N T   H E A L T H   I N S P E C T I O N   S E R V I C EV E T E R I N A R Y   S E R V I C E SO C T O B E R   2 2 ,   2 0 1 8

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WiLDIT

“Developing science‐based solutions to disease problems at the wildlife/domestic animal 

interface”

Pauline Nol

Matt McCollum

Karl Held

Samantha BruceJack Rhyan

Morgan Wehtje

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Dick Bowen’s Crew at CSU

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Our theory: multiple mucosal exposures to killed Brucellaabortuswould generate mucosal and systemic protection 

Wild boar TB work using oral killed Mycobacterium bovis in Spain (Gortazer et al., 2014)

Hank Edwards found it took multiple exposures of Yersinia to produce infection

Montmorillonite – carrying agent (Nichols work with CWD; Nichols et al., 2013)

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Purpose: Develop effective, remotely deliverable, inexpensive, safe, brucellosis vaccine for free‐ranging elk 

4 small projects◦ Mouse mucosal vaccination (proof‐of‐concept)◦ Nasal aerosol – elk with montmorillonite/ink (surrogate vaccine)

◦ Mucosal vaccination – challenge study in elk◦ Mucosal delivery trial with montmorillonite/ink (surrogate vaccine)

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1. Aerosolized left nostril with montmorillonite complexed with tattoo ink

Right parotid lymph node 4 hours post inoculation

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Initial studies in mice: Powdered, killed, elk strain B. abortuscomplexedwith montmorillonite clay 

• Group 1: PBS vaccinated controls (n=15)

• Group 2: RB51 5X108 cfu IP (n=15)

• Group 3:  Killed B. abortus 1011 cfuwith clay (n=14)

• Group 4: Killed B. abortus 1011 cfu(n=15)

• Challenge elk strain 105 cfu IP

2. Mouse mucosal vaccination with powdered, killed vaccine

Logrithmic bar graph

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3. Mucosal vaccination pilot study in elk with challenge ‐ Design

11 elk (4 controls, 5 elk vaccinated 4 times, 2 elk vaccinated twice)

Vaccinated by delivering aerosol of powdered vaccine (killed B. abortus and montmorillonite) into each nostril and oral pharynx with using 30 ml pipette and rubber bulb (1012 cfus/elk)

88% of vaccine mass was montmorillonite

Controls received montmorillonite alone

Controls and vaccinates housed in paddock together

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Mucosal vaccination pilot study – Design (continued)Elk were moved to BSL3 containment at CSU and challenged 15 weeks later with 107 live elk strain B. abortus by intraconjunctivalinoculation

3 weeks after challenge elk were necropsied and tissues collected and cultured

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Serology Results ‐ Elk Vaccine Pilot(Buffered Acidified Plate Antigen, Fluorescence Polarization Assay, Complement Fixation)

1st Vacc(11/29)

4th Vacc(12/15)

Challenge (3/14)

Necropsy (4/6)

Neg Controls n=4

0 positive  1 positive  0 positive  4 positive

2X Vaccinates n=2

0 positive  2 positive  0 positive 2 positive

4X Vaccinates n=5

0 positive  5 positive  1 positive 4 positive

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Pilot elk vaccine trial ‐ Results

Controls 2XVacc 4XVacc

Animal ID

Tissue B C E K D* J A F G* I L

Parotid LN 0 0 6 488 14 0 0 0 0 1 0

Mandibular LN 500 13 448 1 222 0 0 152 2 1

Superficial cervical LN

98 16 71 18 8 0 0 0 61 2 18

Mediastinal LN 0 0 6 0 47 0 0 0 6 0 0

Mesenteric LN 3 9 6 3 13 0 0 0 4 1 0

Iliac LN 0 11 89 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

Spleen 30 1 264 19 13 0 0 0 4 1 2

Table 1. Colony counts (cfu/~10 mg tissue) from tissues collected from elk * = pregnant

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Pilot elk vaccine trial – Results totals

Controls 2XVacc 4XVacc

Animal ID

B C E K D* J A F G* I L

Totals 632 50 890 540 97 224 0 0 227 7 35

Means 528 161 54

Table 2. Total Colony counts (cfu/~10 mg tissue) from tissues collected from elk

* =pregnant

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14

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Colony

 form

ing un

its/10 mg tis

sue

Culture Results ‐ Controls and 4X Vaccinates

DarkGrey = ControlsGreen = 4X Vaccinates

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4. Mucosal delivery trial with montmorillonite/ink (surrogate vaccine)1½ lbs surrogate vaccine/bale

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Over 80% of powder was consumed

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Spit collecting – Oral fluids to detect disease

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To the Future!Colorado State University and USDA/ ARS will continue vaccine work

Questions?

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Jack RhyanWildlife PathologistU.S. Department of AgricultureAnimal and Plant Health Inspection ServiceVeterinary [email protected]