of all slaves and end to emancipation push MOVEMENT racial ... · The abolitionist movement was a social and political push for the immediate emancipation of all slaves and end to

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ABOLITIONBY SHELLA ELGARICO & EUNICE DULALIA

WHEN AND WHY WAS THIS

PERIOD SIGNIFICANT?

The abolition movement

happened from 1820 to 1865.

The abolitionist movement was

a social and political push

for the immediate emancipation

of all slaves and end to

racial discrimination and

segregation, specifically in a

nation that valued personal

freedom and believed that “all

men are created equal.”

MOVEMENT

THE SECONDBEGINNING IN THE 1800’S- Religious revivalism- Membership rose rapidly among

Baptist and Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement

- Personal salvation- “Immediate Emancipation”

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GREAT AWAKENING

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1819

TALLMADGEPROPOSAL

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- Amendment to the Missouri statehood bill

- Proposed by James Tallmadge

- Called for the prohibition of further introduction of slave states

- Passed in the House, failed in Senate (division of free and slave states)

https://goo.gl/T6DYW6

MISSOURICOMPROMISE1820- Questioned whether Missouri should be admitted as a slave state

- Admits Missouri as a slave state- Slavery ban for the rest of the Louisiana territory north of the 36°30' latitude

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https://goo.gl/rsRjCP

THE AMERICAN

1822- Proposed gradual manumission of slaves- Masters receiving compensation through

funds raised by private charity or appropriated by state legislatures

- Transport the freed slaves out of the

country and help them get settled into

a new society somewhere else - 1830 Liberia

- Failed colonization

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COLONIZATION SOCIETY

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https://goo.gl/G4PRRf

NAT TURNERSLAVE REBELLION- Was a black American slave who led the only effective, sustained slave rebellion on August, 22 1831 in the United States history- Hid nearby successfully for six weeks until his discovery, conviction, and hanging at Jerusalem, Virginia, along with 16 of his followers

- Ultimately led to more executions and deportations

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https://goo.gl/VEHQre

William Lloyd

THE LIBERATOR- Former assistant of Benjamin Lundy; a

publisher who used moderate tone and

mild proposals for reform.- Opponents of slavery should view the

institution from the point of view of the

black man, not the white slave owner.- Rejected the concept of “gradualism”- New England Anti-Slavery Society

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Garrison

https://goo.gl/AW9BtW

AMERICANANTI-SLAVERY

SOCIETY1833

- Founded by William Lloyd Garrison and gained a following in New England

- Believed that the United States Constitution was a document of proslavery ideas

- Argued that there should be no union with slaveholders until they repent their sins by setting slaves free

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PRUDENCECRANDALLADMISSION OF AFRICAN AMERICAN GIRLS TO HER SCHOOL- Was a committed Quaker who refused to change her policy of educating black and white children.

- Opened a school for black girls in Canterbury in March 1833 with the help of the Anti-Slavery Society- Disobeyed the 1834 Connecticut law of prohibiting black education

and was attacked until she closed her school down

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https://goo.gl/py4jSJ

Elijah LovejoyEDITOR THAT ADVOCATED ANTI-SLAVERY SENTIMENT- Under the Presbyterian weekly, St. Louis

Observer, he strongly condemned slavery and

supported gradual emancipation- 1835: a letter signed by a number of important men in St. Louis requested him to

moderate the tone of his editorial- Was forced to move his press to the free

state of Illinois, but his press was still

destroyed by mobs several times in one year

- November 7, 1837: a mob attacked the

building, and Lovejoy was killed in its

defense; news of his death stirred the people

of the North profoundly and led to a great

strengthening of abolitionist sentiment.

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https://goo.gl/2YfyUr

THE NORTH STARFREDERICK DOUGLASS

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- Was born a slave in Maryland and escaped to Massachusetts in 1838 before becoming an outspoken leader of antislavery sentiment

- Presented a damning picture of slavery in his autobiography called Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass in 1845

- Demanded for African Americans freedom, and full social and economic equality.

- The name of the newspaper paid homage to the fact that escaping slaves used the North Star in the night sky to guide them to freedom

https://goo.gl/d2C23a

THE COMPROMISEOF 1850

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- Proposed to Congress by Henry Clay

- Issue:- whether the territories of the United States

were to be slave or free regions

- Compromise:- Admission of California as a free state- Strengthening of the Fugitive Slave Law- Popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico

concerning slavery- Abolition of the slave trade in D.C.- federal assumption of Texas's debt

- Failed because The North and South couldn't agree on the free/slave status of California and other parts of the Mexican Cession https://goo.gl/Er29ZH

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REYNOLD’SPOLITICAL MAPOF THE UNITED

STATES

- Shows the division of the slave and free states according to the Compromise of 1850 as well as the open territory for slavery or freedom

- Free states, including California, are represented in red, the slaves states represented in black, and open territory in green

1856

THE FUGITIVESLAVE ACT1850

- gave slaveholders the assurance of seizure and return of runaway slaves who escaped from one state into another or into a federal territory

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https://goo.gl/nT9EAH

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EFFECTS OF THE FUGITIVE

SLAVE LAW

- Historical cartoon from a newspaper

- Depicts four escaped slaves being recaptured by armed white men

- Below are excerpts from the Bible and the Declaration of Independence that were used to argue against the law

- Heightened the desire for an end to slavery because it forced runaway slaves to go back to their masters once caught

1850

SOJOURNERTRUTHSPOKESWOMAN FOR THEABOLITION OF SLAVERY- was a freed black woman who involved herself in a

strange religious cult in upstate New York- Garrison’s anti-slavery organization encouraged Truth to give speeches about the evils of slavery- Survived on sales of her book, The Narrative of Sojourner Truth, which brought her national recognition.

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https://goo.gl/BFPc1q

UNCLE TOM’S CABINHARRIET BEECHER STOWE

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- Authored the most powerful document of abolitionist propaganda that emerged out of abolitionist politics and sentimental novels written largely by and for women

- Combined the emotional conventions of sentimental novel with the political ideas of the abolition movement

- Succeeded in bringing the message of abolitionism to an enormous new audience by embedding the antislavery message within a familiar and popular literary form

https://goo.gl/yWpt2v

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AN EXCERPT FROM UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

- In the following excerpt from chapter 23, the two St. Clare brothers debate the possible onslaught of a "San Domingo hour" in the South after witnessing the young Henrique beat the slave Dodo

- Portrayed slavery as a threat to both Christianity and domesticity

- Clearly shines light on the conditions of slavery and the characters’ growing determination to stop such institutions.

1852

1854- National policy change- Concerned the expansion of slavery in

the United States- Strengthened popular sovereignty- Territorial organization in the Kansas

and Nebraska territory- Failed because Northerners were outraged at the possibility of further

expansion of slavery against the Missouri Compromise which would cause an imbalance between slave and free states

- “Bleeding Kansas”

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KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT

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Harriet TubmanAGENT OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD- After escaping from bondage herself,

she made repeated trips into the South

to help others.- The Underground Railroad was a system

of “safe houses” and way stations that

secretly helped runaways.- Believed to have helped some 300 slaves to escape- Was noted for warning those she was assisting that she would shoot any of

them who turned back

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https://goo.gl/NMbMJD

DRED SCOTTCOURT DECISION1856- Ruled by Robert Taney that

a slave who had resided in a free state or territory was still not entitled to their freedom

- Emphasized that no African Americans can be a citizen of the United States- Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

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https://goo.gl/1bWrAV

AN EXCERPT FROM DRED SCOTT

DECISION1857

- This case ruled that a slave, Dred Scott, who had resided in a free state or territory was still not entitled to their freedom. This case ruling in 1857 also emphasized that no African Americans can be a citizen of the United States.

- The court intensified sectional strife, undercut possible compromise solutions to the issue of slavery's expansion, and weakened the moral authority of the judiciary.

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EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATIONABRAHAM LINCOLN

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- Following Abraham Lincoln’s election to the presidency in 1860, he repeatedly said he would not interfere with slavery where it existed even though he opposed it

- Adamantly opposed the expansion of slavery into territories where it did not exist

- Slave owners were determined that they had to be free to take their human property with them if they chose to move into those territories

- Due to his obvious opposition to slavery, Southern states began seceding from the Union

https://goo.gl/PjC7sr

“THE ABOLITIONCATASTROPHE OR THE NOVEMBER SMASH-UP”

1864- A pro-McClellan political cartoon

after the 1864 presidential election between Abraham Lincoln and George B. McClellan

- Shows the heat within the election between Lincoln and McClellan over slavery, as well as Lincoln’s early signs of support towards the abolition of slavery. This also shows the perspective of pro-slavery advocates who deemed the abolitionist movement to be useless and destructive towards the economy.

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1863

LINCOLN’S PRESIDENCYAND THE EMANCIPATION

PROCLAMATION

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- Abraham Lincoln became the 16th President of the United States

- pushed the possibility of a compromise on the issue of slavery out of bounds as the Deep South were in strong opposition against him and as the Southern states seceded

- Prompted early stages of the Civil War- Freed the slaves of the Confederate states in

rebellion against the Union- Inspired African-Americans to fight for their

freedom- Led the way to the total abolition of slavery

in the United States https://goo.gl/iqgffL

THIRTEENTHAMENDMENT1865

- Officially abolished slavery as a constitutional solution- Ratified in 1865 under the presidency of Abraham Lincoln

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https://goo.gl/quDm8s