Of 71-3U USGS-474-87 USGS-474-87 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Federal Center. Denver. Colorado 80225 HYDRAULIC TESTING AND SAMPLING OF WATER WELL NUMBER 1, PROJECT WAGON WHEEL. SUBLETTE COUNTY. WYOMING (Wagon Wheel-1) March 1971 Open-file Report 7I-3JJ Prepared Under Agreement No. AT(29-2)-474 for the Nevada Operations Office U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
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Of 71-3U
USGS-474-87 USGS-474-87
UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Federal Center. Denver. Colorado 80225
HYDRAULIC TESTING AND SAMPLING OF WATER WELL NUMBER 1, PROJECT WAGON WHEEL. SUBLETTE COUNTY. WYOMING
(Wagon Wheel-1) March 1971
Open-file Report 7I-3JJ
Prepared Under Agreement No. AT(29-2)-474
for the
Nevada Operations Office U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
Wagon Wheel-1 Qf ̂ J\- USGS-474-87
UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225
HYDRAULIC TESTING AND SAMPLING OF WATER WELL NUMBER 1, PROJECT WAGON WHEEL, SUBLETTE COUNTY, WYOMING
By
Paul T. Voegeli, Sr.
t.**
CONTENTS
Page
Abstract .............................. 1
Introduction ............................ 2
Geologic setting .......................... 4
Hydrology ............................. 14
Hydraulic tests ........................ 16
Swabbing test ...................... 16
Pumping test ....................... 19
Chemical analyses of water samples ................. 22
Summary .............................. 25
Selected references ........................ 26
ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure 1. Map showing site of the Wagon Wheel experiment,
Sublette County, Wyo. ........ ........ 3
2. Geophysical and lithologic logs, Wagon Wheel Water
Well No. 1, Sublette County, Wyo, .......... (In pocket)
3. Preliminary map of the Wagon Wheel site showing
configuration of the water table ........... 15
4. Construction diagram, Wagon Wheel Water Well No. 1 ... 17
5. Curve of water-level recovery from the swabbing test
of the Wagon Wheel Water Well No. 1 .......... 18
6. Curve of water-level drawdown from the pumping test
of the Wagon Wheel Water Well No. 1 .......... 20
7. Curve of water-level recovery from the pumping test
of the Wagon Wheel Water Well No. 1 .......... 21
CONTENTS Continued
TABLES
Page
Table 1. Generalized description of stratigraphic units
penetrated in the Pinedale Unit No. 5 well,
SE% sec. 5, T. 30 N., R. 108 W.,
Sublette County, Wyo. ................. 5
2. Log of cutting samples from Wagon Wheel Water Well
No. 1, SE%NW% sec. 5, T. 30 N., R. 108 W.,
Sublette County, Wyo. ................. 7
3. Spectrographic, radiochemical, and general chemical
analyses of water removed during the swabbing and
pumping tests of Wagon Wheel Water Well No. 1 ..... 23
ii
UNITED STATESDEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Wagon Wheel-1 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY USGS-474-87 March 1971
Federal Center. Denver. Colorado 80225
HYDRAULIC TESTING AND SAMPLING OF WATER WELL NUMBER 1, PROJECT WAGON WHEEL, SUBLETTE COUNTY, WYOMING
By
Paul I, Voegeli, Sr.
ABSTRACT
The Wagon Wheel Water Well No a 1 was drilled to obtain hydraulic data and to provide a water supply for the deep drilling program at the site of Project Wagon Wheel, which is aimed at determining the feasi bility of nuclear stimulation of natural gas reservoirs,,
The well was tested and water samples were collected by swabbing on August 1, 1969, and by pumping on August 26, 1969. In both tests the 760-meter (2,500-foot) section through which the well was drilled was tested through 19 gun-perforated intervals.
The water level in the well prior to the pumping test was 29.9 meters (98.1 feet) below land surface, During the pumping test the water level declined to 47.7 meters (156.6 feet) below land- surface datum while the well was pumped at an average rate of 281 cubic meters per day (51.6 gallons per minute) for 6 hours and 6 minutes, The transmissivity of the aquifer in the vicinity of the well, as com puted from the data of the pumping test, was 26 cubic meters per day per meter (2,100 gallons per day per foot), and the specific capacity was 16 cubic meters per day per meter (O e 88 gallon per minute per foot) of drawdown.
INTRODUCTION
Project Wagon Wheel, a Plowshare Project, is a cooperative effort
of the El Paso Natural Gas Company (EPNG) as operator, the U.S. Atomic
Energy Commission (AEC), and the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory,
The purpose of the project is to determine the commercial
feasibility of nuclear stimulation of natural-gas reservoirs. The
experiment will include: 1} the detonation of a nuclear explosive in
gas sands of Paleocene and Cretaceous age natural-gas formations which
are not commercially productive with present conventional methods of
gas-field development and 2) the evaluation of the effect of the
detonation on the gas-producing capability of the formations.
The Wagon Wheel Water Well No. 1 was drilled to obtain hydraulic
data at the Wagon Wheel site and to provide a water supply for the deep
drilling program at the site. The U.S. Geological Survey performed the
hydraulic tests and related water quality sampling on behalf of the AEC.
This report describes the general geologic and hydrologic features and
hydraulic testing of the water well, and presents the results of the
chemical and radiochemical analyses.
The Wagon Wheel site is located in the Green River basin, NW% sec. 5,
T, 30 N., R 8 108 W., Sublette County, Wyo. (fig. 1).
The author extends his thanks to Messrs. Jack Shaughnessy and
E. S, Oberly, El Paso Natural Gas Company, for their direct and indirect
support during the field work.
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
R. 111 w. IIO°00'
USGS - 474 - 87 ( Wagon Wheel -I )
T. 33 N
42°45
30-
i_
WAGON WHEEL
SITE
R ill w. Il0°00' R no wBos* mop modified from U.S. Geological Survey 1: 250,OOO quadrangles
R. IO8 W
IO KILOMETERS
5 MILES
K. 107 W.
I _JI09°30'
EXPLANATION
Township or range line
O CHEYENNE| I__ROCK ^PRJNGS_ _ _ __ jg>_ J
Figure I.--Site of the Wagon Wheel experiment, Sublette County, Wyo.
GEOLOGIC SETTING
The Project Wagon Wheel site is in the northeastern part of the
Green River basin, a large north-trending structural basin in south
western Wyoming. The basin is drained by the Green River, The Wagon
Wheel site drains westward to the New Fork River, a major tributary of
the Green River,
The rocks underlying the Wagon Wheel site range in age from
Quaternary to Precambrian, The greatest thickness of sedimentary
rocks, about 9,000 meters (about 30,000 feet), in the basin is in the
deep syncline that trends northwestward through T. 30 N,, R. 108 W.,
parallel to the Wind River Mountains (Krueger, 1960).
Continental sediments greater than 4,600 meters (15,000 feet)
thick have been penetrated by drilling in the SE% sec. 5, T. 30 N.,
R. 108 W e (El Paso Natural Gas Company's Pinedale Unit No. 5 well).
For the most part, the sediments of Tertiary and Cretaceous age under
lying the area in and near the Wagon Wheel site have not been designated
as specific formations or members of formations. The complexity of the
geologic environment and a lack of data have prevented the establishment
of definite upper and lower boundaries of formations. In the EPNG Pine-
dale Unit No. 5 well, the stratigraphic section was divided into five
units on the basis of the section found in the Phillips Daniels No. 1
well (sec. 21, T 8 33 N., R. Ill W e , Sublette County, Wyo.) which has
been designated as the Wyoming Geological Association's type subcrop in
the Green River basin. Table 1 presents a general description of the
five stratigraphic units established by EPNG for the No. 5 well.
Table
1,--Generalized description of stratigraphic units penetrated in th
e Pinedale Unit No
. 5 we
ll,
SE%
sec. 5,
T, 30
N.
, R,
108
W.,
Sublette County,
Wyo.
Depths are
below KB (k
elly
bu
shin
g).
Land-surface elev (a
bove
mean se
a level):
2,14
7 meters (7
,044
feet);
KB elev (a
bove
mean se
a level):
2,15
1 meters (7
,056
fe
et).
Unit
Depth
(meters)
(feet)
Thickness
(meters)
| (feet)
General lithology
Geologic age
E0-2.188
0-7,180
2,188
7,180
Arkosic sandstones and conglomerates
interbedded with varicolored clay-
ston
es.
Arkosic sandstones ar
e white, unconsolidated, medium to
very coarse gr
aine
d, angular to
subangular,
and
poorly so
rted
. Mi
ca,
pyrite,
numerous granitic
grains and
pebbles ar
e commonly
found
in th
e sandstone bo
dies
, claystones ar
e green, gray-green,
in part mottled maroon to re
d-
brown, subwaxy, an
d micaceous.
Near base of unit,
claystones
_______appear to
become bentonitic._____
Eocene and
uppermost
Paleocene
D 2,188-3,193
7,180-10,475
1,00
53,295
Clay sh
ale
and
claystone interbedded
with massive to
thin-bedded
sand
ston
es.
Paleocene
3,193-3,993
15",
47 5-13,102
~B1/3,993-4,235 1/13,102-13,89524279J
800
2,62
7 Interbedded sandstones,
and
shal
e.siltstones
Cretaceous
Sandstones interbedded with th
in
shales and
siltstone streaks.
Do,
4,235-4,57713,895-15,0183421,123
Interbedded shales,
siltstones
and
thin
to medium-bedded
sand
ston
es.
Do.
f
Depth of Unit B may be as much as 4,404 meters (1
4,45
0 fe
et).
The sediments penetrated by Wagon Wheel Water Well No. 1 are
described in table 2. The shale associated with the arkosic sandstone
is very readily dissolved by drilling fluids and the cuttings returned
to the surface are often free of shale. The weakness of the sediments
is emphasized by the degree of hole erosion shown on the caliper log
on figure 2. The presence of shale stringers and beds is difficult to
ascertain on the basis of sample cuttings alone. Geophysical logs
(spontaneous potential and resistivity logs, fig. 2) are one of the
better sources of information for the determination of the presence
^-^^27.3-cm (lOf-in.) conductor pipe to 6.7 m (22 ft)
^x Water level 30.0 m (98.5 ft)
24.4-cm (9f-in.) hole
^_^_- 15-hp submersible pump set at 313.9 m (1,030 ft) below land surface
^__-^19.4-cm (7f-in.) ^^ 26.4-lb, N80 casing
^_^ Cement (1,000 sacks used)
Total depth ^^^ 758.3 m (2,488 ft)
^^^ below land surface
Figure 4. Construction diagram, Wagon Wheel Water Well No. 1.
17
81
DEPTH TO WATER, IN METERS BELOW LAND SURFACE
totoN)
rt
rt
ooOo
h-1 -o -
-
§»
Ln N3 vO O^i
^J ^J ON O^i
_| ^' '
00 rt [>Ui >- rt - rt co XD rt rt
II II II 11 II II II II II
rt O rt rt o O N) L-^ h:H-3 n> g g o> /-\ o /~\ & w s>P(D H> (D (D -P» M 'C^hOO -|> Xi
gco H-/-\/-\g«o(->cr«/-s H. H- o g g ro vo o H. i (->P P H- H. H. rt O O O o> CO (DPP(DOQC rtro pcci-ipcropg vo(D rtrtrtcoM ' H« PJ (D ^^ coco .(D(D ( >Ol 'rt
S3 OCOCO/~sO (-"(D pj K»N-'N-'N)pgOH CT" CO (D P COcr rt co co M ' rt coH- H H« H- 'O (D 'Op pjppt-hroi-j^n)
OQ poon>i-icon>i-iCO (D (D (D i-J
co g rt g T3 cu rt H-coco**- 'H-ropupio cosjs; p i-j pj vj^ co P pi O C ^< "O H-crcri-hrtg ^p, i-j. H. H. i-j ^ ' p n> i-j
« rt p p n> C i-{^J OQ OQ O rt g
O (D Hi fl>
O OQ H rt i-JT3 PfD P.
> -
to o -vUi Ui J>
1 11 1
^_, ^ ^Ml ^MB^n MMHM
_____ ____ __-
AK
_^Q
------ ------j-- ----------
ItiIITHf 1
:EiizzE~-EEE:==E:E==EEE";
i=ii===ii===iiii=iiiiinilM
P» COQ COO OP CO
O I h-« 00I ^J
Ln O
to O
N) O o o o o
DEPTH TO WATER, IN FEET BELOW LAND SURFACE
O O
Pumping Test
The well was pumped with a submersible pump set at a depth of
313.9 meters (1,030 feet). Pumping continued for 6 hours and 6 minutes
and produced 71 0 4 cubic meters (18,875 gallons) (water-meter measurement)
of water. The water level was measured with an electric-contact tape
C"M-scope") before, during, and after pumping of the well. Measurement
of the water level in the well was made in the annular space between
the pump column and the 19.4-centimeter (7-f-inch) casing. The water
level prior to pumping was 29.9 meters (98.1 feet) below land surface.
Two hours and 40 minutes after pumping was stopped, the water level was
30.8 meters (101.0 feet) below land surface.
The specific capacity of the well, based on the 6 hour and 6 minute
pumping test at an average discharge of 281 cubic meters per day
(51.6 gallons per minute), was 16 cubic meters per day per meter
(0 0 88 gallon per minute per foot) of drawdown. The drawdown was
17.8 meters (58.4 feet) during the test. The transmissivity of the
aquifer in the vicinity of the well, as computed from the drawdown
and recovery curves, was 26 cubic meters per day per meter
(2,100 gallons per day per foot) (figs. 6 and 7).
19
DEPA
RTME
NT O
F THE
INTERIOR
UNITED ST
ATES
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
9.1
H12
.2
hO O
15.2
18.3
USGS-474-87
(Wagon Whe
el-1
)
T =
T =
Q =
AS =
T =
; Indicates
prob
able
le
akag
e ac
ross
beds
264Q AS (264
)(51
.7)
6.5
26 cubic
meters pe
r day
per
meter
(2,100 gallons
per
day
per
foot
)
0.20
cubic
meters per
minute
(51.
7 gallons
per
minute)
2.0
meters (6.5 feet)
of drawdown
coef
fici
ent
of transmissivity
w w Fn
10
100
TIME.
IN MIN
UTES
. SINCE
PUMPING
BEGAN
1000
Figure 6. Curve of
wa
ter-
leve
l dr
awdo
wn from th
e pumping
test of
th
e Wagon Wheel
Water
Well
No
. 1.
C/3
PQ M M H O H PH U Q
DEPARTMENT OF
TH
E INTERIOR
UNITED ST
ATES
GEOLOGICAL SU
RVEY
USGS
-474
-87
(Wagon Wheel-1)
36.6
39.6
T =
T =
Q =
AS =
t =
t' =
T =
t12
0 =
264Q AS (264
)(51
.7)
6.5
26 cu
bic
meters pe
r da
y pe
r meter
(2,1
00 gallons
per
day
per
foot
)
0.20
cu
bic
meters pe
r minute
(51.
7 gallons
per
minute)
2.0
meters (6
.5 fe
et)
of recovery
time (m
inut
es)
sinc
e pumping
began
time
(minutes)
sinc
e pumping
stopped
coefficient
of transmissivity
Time si
nce
pumpin
g stopped,
in minutes
tt
10100
t/
110
w C/2
PQ W
W
Pn PH Q
.30
000
Figure 7.
Cur
ve of wat
er-l
evel re
cove
ry from the
pumping
test
of the Wagon
Wheel
Water
Well
No
. 1.
CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES
Two water samples were collected from the well during the swabbing
and pumping tests. Table 3 shows the results of the laboratory analyses
of the samples. The water from the swabbing test contains much more
barium, boron, copper, lead, iron, and sulfate, and less sodium and
chloride than the water from the pumping test. The numerical differences
between the constituents may be attributed to the fact that the sample
from the swabbing test was obtained only a few days after the well was
completed. The swab water sample was probably still contaminated by
drilling mud and the cement placed behind the casing. The pumped sample
was obtained after at least 132 cubic meters (35,000 gallons) of water
had been produced from the well, and it is more representative of the
formation water.
The U.S. Geological Survey analyzed the samples for tritium content.
The values reported for both samples were below 300 tritium units, the
detection level for the analytical method used.
22
Table 3. Spectrographic, radiochemical, and general chemical analyses of water removed during the swabbing and pumping tests of Wagon Wheel Water Well No. 1
Not determined < iess than ND Specifically sought, not detected
23
Table 3. Spectrographic, radiochemical, and general chemical analyses of water removed during the swabbing and pumping tests of Wagon Wheel Water Well No, I Continued
Radiochemical analyses
Element | Swabbing test sample [Pumping test sample"
Uranium (micrograms per <0.4liter)
Radium, as Ra22s .07(picocuries per liter)
Gross beta, as Sr90 -^90 5.4 1.8(picocuries per liter)
Gross alpha, as U equivalent 7.7 1.9(micrograms per liter)