-
VOLUME XXXXI NUMBER 4
EDITOR: FREDERICK H. MALTZ FALL 2006 (USPS 420-910) ISSN
0746-7834
The prestigious Oceans Conference and Exhibition is coming
toAberdeen, Scotland on 18-21 June 2007. This major interna-tional
conference is run under the auspices of the Oceanic Engi-neering
Society (OES) and its parent organization The Instituteof
Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE).
Oceans conferences have a long-established history andglobal
pedigree and are regarded equally favorably by industri-alists and
academics alike. They are intended to promote anddisseminate
knowledge, understanding and awareness amongstengineers and
scientists in Marine Technology, Oceans Scienceand Oceanic
Engineering. Their remit is to bring the major
players in the field together with the up-and-coming young
sci-entists and students in a forum of easy interaction and
inter-change of knowledge and experience in order to enhance
ourappreciation of the role the Oceans play in our lives and
envi-ronment and how to utilize the technology to achieve this.
Since June 2005, IEEE/OES is now offering two Oceansconferences
every year: one in North America and the otheralternating between
Europe (in odd years) and Asia/Pacific (ineven years). The Aberdeen
event will be the FIRST timeOceans has come to the United
Kingdom.
(see Call for Papers page 33)
Oceans 07 Aberdeen will be held at the Aberdeen Exhibition and
Conference Center.The entrance hall at night is shown above.
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:03 PM Page 1
-
IEEE OCEANIC ENGINEERING SOCIETYPresidentJAMES T. BARBERA13513
Crispin WayRockville, MD 20853+1 301 460-4347+1 301 871 3907
(FAX)[email protected]
SecretarySTEPHEN M. HOLT11950 Grey Squirrel LaneReston, VA
20194+1 703 610 2000+1 703 610 1767 (FAX)[email protected]
Assoc. Newsletter EditorJOHN W. IRZABluefin Robotics Corp.237
Putnam Ave.Cambridge, MA 02139(work) 617-715-7072(home)
978-470-1276(cell) [email protected]
Vice President Technical ActivitiesSTANLEY G. CHAMBERLAIN22
Heritage RoadBarrington, RI 02806(401)
[email protected]
TreasurerJERRY C. CARROL4ll Country Club DrivePicayune, MS
[email protected]
Newsletter EditorFREDERICK H. MALTZ821 Runningwood
CircleMountain View, CA 94040+1 650 967 5092+1 650 969 9390
(FAX)[email protected]
Vice President,Professional ActivitiesJAMES S. COLLINS.Dept. of
Elec. & Comp. EngineeringUniversity of VictoriaP.O. Box
3055Victoria, B.C. CANADA V8W 3P6+1 250 595 6928+1 250 595 6908
(FAX)[email protected]
Journal of OceanicEngineering EditorCHRISTIAN DE MOUSTIERCenter
for Coastal and Ocean MappingChase Ocean Engineering Lab University
of New Hampshire 24 Colovos Road Durham, NH 03824-3525 Phone:
603-862-3434 FAX: 603-862-0839 email: [email protected]
Vice President Conference DevelopmentJOSEPH R. VADUSGlobal Ocean
Inc.8500 Timber HillPotomac, Maryland 20854+1 301 299 5477+1 301
983 4825 (FAX)[email protected]
IEEE NewslettersPAUL DOTO445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ
08855-1331+1 732 562 3945+1 732 981 1855 (FAX)[email protected]
Vice President Conference OperationsRENE M. GARELLOGET - ENST
Bretagne CNRS UMR 2872 TAMCIC -Equipe TIME Dept Image et Traitement
del'Information Technople Brest Iroise - CS83818 29238 BREST Cedex
-FRANCE Tel : +33 (0) 229 00 13 71 Fax : +33 (0) 229 00 10
[email protected]
Web Coordinator& PublicityARCHIE TODD MORRISON IIINobska
DevelopmentCorporationFalmouth, MA 02540 USA+1 508 360 2393+1 508
539 0808 (FAX)[email protected]
EX-OFFICIOJr. Past PresidentTHOMAS F. WIENER2403 Lisbon
LaneAlexandria, VA 22306-2516+1 703 768 [email protected]
Sr. Past PresidentGLEN N. WILLIAMSEngineering Program
OfficeTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX 77843-3112979 845
[email protected]
Membership DevelopmentKENNETH FERER
NominationsCLAUDE P. BRANCART
ChaptersJAMES S. COLLINS
Journal EditorCHRISTIAN DE MOUSTIER
Awards and FellowsDAVID WEISSMANDept. of Engineering104 Weed
HallHofstra UniversityHempstead, N.Y. 11549516 463 5546516 463 4939
(Fax)[email protected]
Publications Review BoardGLEN N. WILLIAMS
Newsletter EditorFREDERICK H. MALTZ
PaceJAMES S. COLLINS
TAB Engineering Research and Development Policy CommitteeJOSEPH
R. VADUS
Student Activites CoordinatorNORMAN D. MILLER2644 NW Esplanade
DriveSeattle, WA 98117-2527206-784-7154, fax
[email protected]
ELECTED ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEEROBERT T. BANNON,
PresidentBannon International Consulting301 Willow RunEast
Stroudsburg, PA [email protected] 619 5430570 619
5107 (Fax)
DR. ENSON CHANGDynamics Technology, Inc.21311 Hawthorne Blvd.
Suite 300Torrance, CA. 90503-5602Tele : (310)543-5433 (x229)Fax:
[email protected]
ELIZABETH CREEDInstitute of Marine &Coastal SciencesRutgers
University71 Dudley RoadNew Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521Tele:
(732)932-6555 (x531)Fax: (732)[email protected]
RENE GARELLO(see Chapter Chairman, France)
PAMELA J. HURSTLockheed Martin Maritime Systems &Sensors17
Danielle AvenueWesterly, RI 02891Cell
[email protected]
WILLIAM M. CAREY(see Journal Associate Editor)
PROF. DIANE E. DIMASSAMassachusetts Maritime AcademyEngineering
Dept. Harrington 215A101 Academy DriveBuzzards Bay, MA,
02532508-830-5000 [email protected]
FERIAL EL-HAWARY(see Chapter Chairmen)
MALCOM L. HERONProfessor of PhysicsDirector, Marine Geophysical
LaboratoryJames Cook UniversityTOWNSVILLE Q 4811Telephone: 07 4781
5067Facsimile: 07 4781 [email protected]
FREDERICK H. MALTZ(see Newsletter Editor)
MILICA STOJANOVICMIT E38-376Cambridge, Ma 02139e-mail:
[email protected]
DR. ROBERT C. SPINDELDirector Applied Physics
LaboratoryUniversity of Washington1013 NE 40th StreetSeattle, WA
98105Tele: (206) 543 1310(Home) (425) 641 [email protected]
DANIEL D. STERNLICHTSAS Business DirectorDynamics Technology
Inc.21311 Hawthorne Blvd., Suite 300Torrance, CA 90503-5602Tele:
(310)543-5433 Fax: (310)[email protected]
ARCHIE TODD MORRISON III(See Web Coorinator &Publicity)
TAMAKI URAUnderwater Technology Research CenterInstitute of
Industrial ScienceUniversity of Tokyo4-6-1, KomabaMeguro, Tokyo
153-8505 [email protected]
JOSEPH R. VADUS(see Vice President International Activities)
ROBERT L. WERNLI11775 La Colina RoadSan Diego, CA 92131-1413Tel:
(858) 553-1948Fax: (858) [email protected]
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter (ISSN 0746-7834) is
published quarterly by the Oceanic Engineering Society of the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,
Inc.Headquarters: 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor, NY 10017-2394. $1.00
per member per year (included in Society fee) for each member of
the Oceanic Engineering Society. Printed in U.S.A.Periodicals
postage paid at New York, NY and at additional mailing offices.
Postmaster: Send address changes to IEEE OCEANIC ENGINEERING
SOCIETY NEWSLETTER, IEEE,445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 088542006
IEEE Permission to copy without fee all or part of any material
without a copyright notice is granted provided that the copies are
not made or distributed for direct commercial advantage, and the
title of thepublication and its date appear on each copy. To copy
material with a copyright notice requires specific permission.
Please direct all inquiries or requests to IEEE Copyrights and
Permissions Office.
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:03 PM Page 2
-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 3
Oceans 07 Aberdeen to be held at the Aberdeen Exhibition and
Conference Center . . . . . CoverPresidents Corner . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Final - July 2006 . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Conference Development Report .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 6Call for Papers US/EU-Baltic 2008
International Symposium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . 8IEEE Fellow - Class of 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
92006 IEEE Ocianic Engineering Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Pioneer in
Ocean Technology: Fred N. Spiess . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Oceans06 MTS/IEEE Boston. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Photos from Oceans 06 Conference . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . 14Oceans 06MTS/IEEE - Boston Student Poster Program . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Effects of
Multiple Scattering on the Implementation of an Underwater Wireless
Optical Communications Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 21Report to the IEEE OES on the Boston 2006
Administrative Committee (Adcom) Meeting. . . 26Meet the Elected
IEEE/OES Adcom Members (2007-2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 28Oceanic Engineering Society Scholarship
Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 31Request for Nominations to the Administrative Committee,
Class of 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Request for
Nominations for the IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Distinguished
Service Award for 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Table of Contents
At the Boston OCEANS conference electionswere held for several
officers and the results arepresented in the Secretarys write up
elsewhere inthe Newsletter. My term was renewed for anothertwo
years. There are several areas that I would liketo address in this
issue.
A proposal to simplify the budget process forthe IEEE and the
Societies so that a more pre-dictable procedure can be followed has
beendeveloped and will be voted on in mid Novemberat the TAB level
for execution in 2008. It is a fun-damental change in the
accounting for IndirectInfrastructure charges. The proposal will
havedirect impact on our budget but in the long run it should
makefor a more predicable approach to our annual budget
formation.We are in good financial shape as we have about 1.5
milliondollars in reserve that has been built up over the years. If
youhave any questions relative to the budget or its process
pleasecontact or Treasurer, Jerry Carroll at
[email protected].
This is the second year we have run two major conferencesthe
June event was detailed in the previous issue. The fall eventin
Boston was well attended- about 2000- as well as having about500
papers. The society now has a set of web tools that helped
toalleviate some of the time consuming tasks for the
conferencecommittee. The conference had a very visible presence
from ourcolleagues in Canada both in papers and organizationally.
The
numbers arent finalized as of this writing but itappears that we
exceeded our budget surplus.Thanks to John Irza and his committee
members.
Our next major event will be in AberdeenScotland in June an
event not to be missed. TheAberdeen Exhibition and Conference
Centeralong with the banquet at Fyfie castle will be
longremembered. The committee also has a surpriseevent for the
attendees .In addition to OCEANS,the European Commission will hold
EuroOceansin the same venue on Friday of the same week.For those
who will come early the HighlandGames are scheduled for the weekend
prior to the
conference. John Watson and his committee are looking for-ward
to supplying the attendees both a fine technical programand a great
social event. For details see the society web
pagewww.oceanicengineering.org.
In conjunction with the Signal Processing Society , the
Non-linear Statistical Signal Processing Workshop was held at
Cam-bridge University in September. There were about 120
regis-tered attendees out of a total of 135. The event was
alsosupported by ONR Global . Jim Candy was the spearhead andhe is
hoping to make this a periodic event. Thanks to Jim andhis
colleagues at Cambridge for their time and effort.
Stan Chamberlain is leading an effort to produce a history ofthe
society as we will be celebrating our 40th year in 2008. The
Presidents Corner
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:03 PM Page 3
-
4 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
project is progressing nicely with the help of Robert Colburn
ofthe IEEE History Center serving as the editor. If you have
anyhappening that you feel is appropriate please contact Stan
sothat it can be considered for inclusion. We are planning to
havethe document ready by January of 2008.
Over the past couple of conferences the society has developeda
series of web tools for the conference committees to ease the
bur-den on the volunteers. They include the following: Content
Man-agement System, Abstract and Paper Management,
ElectronicCopyright, and Integrated Registration Systems. Todd
Morrisonand Rene Garello have been the motivating forces behind
thiseffort. They were implemented by Veraprise our web
developers.In addition the final copy of the CD that is sent to
IEEE for inclu-sion in IEL is an output as the systems afford the
proper format forthis action. Todd also has developed a training
session for anyonewho is involved in the conference planning and
implementation.
The society is instituting a scholarship program for
bothundergraduate and graduate students. Candidates must beenrolled
full-time in an accredited collage or university in a fieldof study
that will lead to a career in ocean engineering or a relat-ed ocean
science.For detailed information relative to the pro-gram contact
Norm Miller, our student programs coordinator.
The society has established a Chapter in Houston onceagain. The
chair is Gamal Hassan. The IEEE/OES is now amajor contributor to
the OTC Technical Program Committee,(TPC) due to Gamals efforts
At OTC 2007, OES will be responsible for the following:
Session #5: The East Coast of Canada: The Next North Sea?Topical
Luncheon: An Update on the Provinces Petroleum
Prospects, by Hon. Bill Dooks, Nova Scotias Minister of
Energy.Session #3: New Pipeline Technology Development and
Applications: Lowering the Risks of Offshore OperationsSession
#9: Advances in Offshore Wind EnergySession #18: Conventional and
Non-Conventional DrillingSession #33: AUVsSession #Alternate 1:
From Drilling to Production: All of
the aboveThe societys participation in the IEEE Committee on
Earth
Observations is continuing and expanding. The ICEO is a
focalpoint for the technical and engineering expertise that IEEE
andthe member societies can bring to bear on this world wide
effort.The committee is represented in several of the GEOSS areas
ofinterest e,g., Architecture and Data,User Interface,
CapacityBuilding, Renewable Energy , Science and Technology and
Stan-dards and Interoperability. As one can readily see this is an
ambi-tious undertaking and the committee could use anyone with
somerevelent expertise to assist in any of this areas. This is a
globaleffort and many hands are needed to accomplish the
objectives.
If you havent renewed you membership yet please do so. Infact it
would be extremely helpful if you could also get a col-league to
join as you can see that we have a full plate on ourtable. Any
questions regarding membership should be directedto Ken Ferer or
Jim Collins.
Jim Barbera, IEEE/OES President
The purpose of this article is to remind all IEEE members ofthe
changes in the IEEE Fellow nomination process thathave taken place
over the past several years, mainly in theeffort to generate more
Fellow nominations from industry
Changes were initiated in 2003 - to the Fellow process and to
the appropriate IEEE By-Laws - to assure equalopportunity for
election to IEEE Fellow grade of memberswith careers involving the
application of technology. Thechanges actually took effect for the
Fellow class of 2005.
The IEEE Bylaws were amended to clarify the eligibil-ity of
Application engineers and Practitioners, and toestablish the
realization of the significant value to societystandard for
evaluating nominations. Fellow candidatesare now classified as
Application Engineer / Practition-er, Research Engineer /
Scientist, Technical Leader, orEducator.
Another important step in modernizing the Fellow nomi-nation
process is that the nomination forms and instructionsare available
on the IEEE Web site and that the nomination
forms can now be submitted electronically. See the IEEEWeb site
at (www.ieee.org/fellow).
Although electronic submittal of Fellow nominations ishighly
recommended, and is the preferred method of submittal,the forms and
instructions are also available in hard copy (viaE mail to
[email protected]). Nomination forms are able to besubmitted in
either hard copy, or electronically via the WEB.The Class of 2007
Fellow nomination
cycle ends March 1st, 2007.All questions on the Fellow
nomination process - or general
Fellow questions should be referred to the IEEE Fellow staff E
mail [email protected].
IEEE Fellow grade membership is bestowed by the Boardof
Directors on IEEE Senior Members with an extraordinaryrecord of
accomplishment in any IEEE field of interest. Theaccomplishments
honored shall have contributed signifi-cantly to the advancement of
engineering, science and tech-nology, bringing the realization of
significant value to soci-ety.Oceanic Engineering Society
Scholarship Program
Final - July, 2006REMINDER - re IEEE Fellow Nominating Process
Revisions -with Application Engineer / Practitioner category
added
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:03 PM Page 4
-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 5
BREAKING NEWS!!!
OCEANS 07 Aberdeen & EurOCEAN 2007In conjunction in
Aberdeen, Scotland from 18-22 June 2007
First Time for either in the UK!
These major OCEANS and MARINE Conferences will join forces to
bring theworld-wide marine community of scientists, engineers,
technologists andpolicy makers together in a frame-work of easy and
informed discussion.
An exhibition of oceanic industry and research institutions will
run side-by-sidein the state-of-the-art Aberdeen Exhibition and
Conference Centre (AECC)
The theme of Oceans 07 Aberdeen, Marine Challenges: Coastline to
Deep Sea, highlights thesignificant challenges; from the shallowest
waters around our coasts to the deepest subsea trenches,which face
marine and oceanic engineers in our drive to understand the
complexities of the worldsoceans and our ability to utilise,
explore and preserve this unique environment. Oceans will run
from18-21 June 2007.
The focus of EurOCEAN 2007 will be a consultation, discussion,
and analysis of the EuropeanCommissions recently published Green
Paper on a future Maritime Policy for the EU.This policy isaimed at
optimising the economic value of all maritime sectors in a socially
and environmentallysustainable way. EurOCEAN 2007 will take place
on 22 June 2007 and will play a major role in theconsultation
process with the marine RTD community.
The Chairs of Oceans 07 Aberdeen and EurOCEAN 2007 invite you to
participate in thisunique event.Aberdeen has a long and
distinguished pedigree in maritime affairs stretchingback a
thousand years through exploration, shipbuilding, fishing and
science and engineeringto its position now as the oil and gas
capital of Europe.
It is fitting that Aberdeen is the first UK city to be chosen to
host both Oceans andEurOCEAN and the first to host the joint
event.
For further information on Oceans 07 Aberdeen and EurOCEAN 2007
visitwww.oceans07ieeeaberdeen.org
www.eurocean2007.com
EurOCEANEurOCEANEurOCEANEurOCEANNANNAEAEAEurOCErOCEAEEurOCEANEurOCEANA20072007ANNANANANANANANAAAA2020072007ANANANANANANANANANANANANANANANAAAAAAA2020
http://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:03 PM Page 5
-
6 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
CONFERENCE DEVELOPMENT REPORTJoseph R. Vadus, LF IEEEVice
President, Conference [email protected]
OCEANS 2006 MTS/IEEE BostonThis was a most successful conference
as reported in this issue,This conference was first recognized by
RECON (OES Confer-ence Development) in 2002, a four year lead time.
John Irza wasidentified as the lead person and later designated as
ConferenceChair. Four years ago, our concern was focused on the
BostonBig Dig massive road redirection, and will it be completed
intimeand it was. RECON efforts are seldom remembered. Ifyou tell
someone you helped start it four years ago, they just rolltheir
eyes. In this case, John Irza paused to remember.
Conference Development (RECON Reports)Bob Wernli continues to do
a very creditable job as OESReconnaissance (RECON) Committee Chair.
In Boston, atthe OES AdCom and RECON Meetings, Bob Wernli report-ed
progress on Future OCEANS Conferences out to 2013.His report is
summarized below.
FUTURE OCEANS CONFERENCE STATUSOCEANS 07 Aberdeen, June 18-21,
2007 and OCEANS 07MTS/IEEE Vancouver, September 20-25, 2007 are
under thecognizance of the Joint Oceans Advisory Board (JOAB).
OCEANS/TECHNO-OCEAN MTS/IEEE 2008(OTO08)Kobe, Japan, April
8-11,2008: April is the month for CherryBlossom Festivals in Japan.
The Memorandum of Understand-ing was signed in Boston by MTS, OES
and Japans Techno-Ocean Network.. Bob Wernli and Judy Krauthammer
of MTSattended a RECON/ planning meeting in Kobe in October,
dur-ing TO06, the 20th Anniversary of Techno-Ocean. The Website for
OTO 08 is< http://www.oceans08mtsieeekobe-tech-noocean08.org/
.
OCEANS '08 - Quebec, Canada, September 14-19, 2008:RECON tasks
are complete and now transferred to ConferenceOperations
(JOAB).
OCEANS '09 - Bremen, Germany, May 11-15, 2009:RECON tasks are
complete and a Letter of Acceptance wassigned by the OES President
but pending approval in Bremenand ready for transition to JOAB.
OCEANS '09 - Biloxi, MS, October 27-29, 2009: The Biloxivenue
was approved at a joint MTS/OES meeting in BOSTON,following a
presentation by Ed Gough of the Biloxi Local Orga-nizing Committee.
The main Biloxi Hotels are restored after thedevastation of
Katrina, and a few new ones are being construct-ed. The Biloxi
Coliseum will be used again, and a RECON vis-it is planned when the
principal hotel is selected. RECON tasksare complete and ready for
transition to JOAB.
OCEANS '10 - Sydney, Australia, May 24-28, 2010: R. Wern-li, S.
Chamberlain and J. Collins conducted a RECON visit fol-lowing the
OCEANS O6 Singapore conference in May 2006.Brian Ferguson of the
Sidney Local Organizing Committee gavea presentation to OES AdCom
in Boston and the venue and LOCplan was subsequently approved. The
conference facilities andhotels bordering famous Darling Harbor are
ideal for OCEANS.
OCEANS '10 MTS/IEEE - Seattle, Washington, Fall 2010:Ted
Brockett of the Seattle Local Organizing Committee gave abriefing
tot the RECON Committee meeting in Boston. Thesame venue used for
OCEANS 99 is acceptable to MTS and OES.A presentation is planned
for the AdCom meeting in Vancouver atOceans 2007 Bob Spindel is
chairing this conference series for thethird time after big
successes in89 and 99. Ted Brockett is co-chairman and Norman
Miller provides OES Liaison.
OCEANS '11 - Santander, Spain, Spring 2011: A tradeoffbetween
Santander located on the Atlantic coast with Valenciaon the
Mediterranean coast was completed by the LOC withSantander
recommended. Facilities, hotels and plans are most
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:03 PM Page 6
-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 7
impressive. Letters of support were received from the
Presidentof the region of Cantabria and the Mayor of Santander. In
2007,Santander will be the site of the Americus Sailing Cup Races.
Asite visit is planned prior to the OCEANS 07 Conference inAberdeen
in June, with follow-on discussions at the RECONmeeting in
Aberdeen. A presentation for site approval is expect-ed at the
AdCom meeting in Vancouver.
OCEANS '11 MTS/IEEE - Hawaii: A presentation by JohnWiltshire
was given at the RECON meeting in Boston regardinga tradeoff
comparison between the Hilton Hawaiian Village(HHV), Honolulu, Oahu
and the Hilton Waikoloa, Kona on theBig Island. Despite previous
successes at the Hilton HawaiianVillage, the Hilton Waikoloa was
recommended and accepted. Asite visit will be conducted early in
2007 with a presentationplanned for the AdCom meeting in
Vancouver
OCEANS '12 - Asia/Pacific: The RECON committee is con-sidering
potential sites. Korea and China are being consideredand Japan is
also a possibility, if a four year cycle is desired..Tamaki Ura and
Hisaaki Maeda are leading this RECON effort.
OCEANS '12 MTS/IEEE - North America: The RECONcommittee is
considering potential sites. Providence, Newportand Halifax have
been suggested. Providence appears to be thefirst option. A Letter
of Interest by the LOC principals needs tobe submitted to MTS &
OES, before RECON engages.
OCEANS '13 - Europe: Open for suggestions at RECONmeeting in
Boston. Genoa, Italy has been suggested alongwith the Region of La
Spezia, Italy and Norway.
OCEANS '13 MTS/IEEE - San Diego, CA. October 21-25, 2013: Kevin
Hardy and Bob Wernli are organizing theLOC and have booked the Town
and Country Hotel andConvention Center for 21-25 October because of
the popu-lar demand and competition for this venue. A Letter
ofInterest by the LOC principals needs to be submitted toMTS &
OES, before RECON engages.
FUTURE SYMPOSIA REPORTFifth Underwater Technology 07 and
Scientific Use ofSubmarine Cables 07 Symposium This will be a joint
Symposium held at the University ofTokyos new Komaba Center located
in the Institute ofIndustrial Science. The dates are April 17-20,
2007, fourdays starting with a technical tour. Plenary speakers
arelined up. On the fifth day, April 21 the attendees are invit-ed
to Shanghai (Jiao Tong University) for a two-day work-shop April
23-24, and technical tour on April 25.
General Co-Chairs are Tamaki Ura, Robert Wernli & Jun-zo
Kasahara. Sponsors include: University of Tokyos Insti-tute of
.Industrial Science; ONR Global-Asia; JAM-E STEC.Note that M-E is
Marine-Earth. The Call for Papers & Postersis included in this
issue. Abstracts are due December 1, 2006and papers are due March
1, 2007.
The web site is < http://seasat.iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ut07_SSC07/
>.
US/EU-Baltic International SymposiaThe first & second
US/EU-Baltic International Symposium2004 & 2006 were
successfully held in Klaipeda, Lithuaniaand reported in the OES
Newsletter. The series continues ona biennial cycle, the next
planned for May 27-28-29, 2008in Tallinn, Estonia. Attendees in the
last symposium recom-mended Tallinn. The Estonian Embassy in
Washington wascontacted to obtain top level recommendations of
leadingMarine Institutions in Tallinn. The list included the
Min-istry of Environment, which was an excellent starting
point.They named Tallinn Technical Universitys Marine
SystemsInstitute and its Director Dr. Juri Elken. The draft Call
forPapers is included in this issue. The web site <
www.US-EU-Baltic2008.org > is being prepared.
Chile-US Ocean Engineering Workshop/SymposiumThis has been on
the radar screen since 2003. The firsteffort involved working with
Prof. Victor Gallardo, Univer-sidad de Concepcion (in Concepcion,
Chile) introduced tome by Sandy Williams at OCEANS 2003. A
preliminaryproposal was prepared jointly with Gallardo, who,
unfortu-nately was unable to obtain adequate support from his
Uni-versity and resulted in cancellation. I contacted Prof.
HughRudnick, former IEEE Region 9 Director and proposed thatthe
IEEE Chile Section take the lead. We have only 3 OESMembers in
Chile according to OES Membership ChairKen Ferer, who is
participating in this effort. Prof. Rudnickprovided the E-mail
addresses of the Section Chair and oth-ers, who were receptive to a
cooperative effort.The IEEE Chile Section sent a Letter of Interest
for aWorkshop or Symposium in Chile. The Section namedGaston
Lefranc, Vice Chairman of IEEE Chile Section, asthe link between
the Section, OES and the local organiza-tion. He contacted the
Oceanic Group of the School of SeaSciences (Grupo de Oceanografia
de la Escuela de Cien-cias del Mar), Catholic University of
Valparaiso (PUCV).Dr. Sergio Salinas is in charge to organize the
possibleWorkshop or Symposium and to talk with IEEE. They
haveconcern about the procedure and financial issues. A
jointproposal will be prepared to solicit support for grants
amdservices.
CALL FOR PAPERSUS/EU-BALTIC 2008
INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM(see next page)
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:03 PM Page 7
-
8 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
SPONSORS: Estonian Ministry of the Environment Estonian Ministry
of Education and Research Estonian Academy of Sciences Tallinn
University of Technology University of Tartu
US National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration University
of DelawareUS Office of Naval Research Global Center of Marine
Research, Lithuania
Oceanic Engineering Society of the Institute of Electrical and
Electronics EngineersSymposium ChairsJoseph R. Vadus Vice
President, IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society [email protected]
Elken Marine Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology
[email protected]
International Organizing CommitteeJames T. Barbera, President,
IEEE/OES; Victor Klemas, University of Delaware; Algirdas
Stankevicius, Center of Marine Research, Lithuania;Karl Altau,
Joint Baltic-American National Committee; Milton Davis,
Maryland-Estonian Exchange Center; William Busch,
Estonian-AmericanPanel; Olavi Tammeme, Deputy Minister of the
Environment, Estonia; Kristjan Haller, Deputy Secretary General of
the Ministry of Educationand Research, Estonia; Jri Engelbrecht,
Vice President, Estonian Academy of Sciences; Rein Vaikme,
Vice-Rector, Tallinn University of Tech-nology; Toomas Saat,
Estonian Marine Institute at the University of Tartu
Technical Programme Co-ChairsAlbert J. Williams 3rd Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution [email protected] Raudsepp Marine
Systems Institute, Tallinn University of Technology
[email protected]
International Technical Programme Committee Victor Klemas
University of Delaware [email protected] Lessin Marine Systems
Institute, Tallinn University of Technology
[email protected] Dahlin EuroGOOS
[email protected] Buch Danish Meteorological Institute
[email protected] Paka Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Kaliningrad
[email protected]
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:03 PM Page 8
-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 9
Ren Garello (M85, SM96, F06)was born in 1953. He received
thePh.D. degree in Signal Processing atthe Institut National
Polytechnique deGrenoble (INPG) in 1981. From 1982to 1984 he worked
as a Research Asso-ciate at Aeronomy Lab, NationalOceanic and
Atmospheric Administra-tion (NOAA) at Boulder, Colorado
(USA). He joined the Ecole Nationale Suprieure des
Tlcom-munications de Bretagne (ENST Bretagne), Brest, France
in1985. In 1988 he became Professor in this engineering school
inthe field of image processing and in 1995, Prof. Garello
Habil-itation (HDR; Habilitation to Supervise Research).Prof.
Garello was the General Chairman of the first OCEANSof the new
Two-Oceans-a-year concept; Oceans05 Europe heldin Brest, Franc in
June 2005. Prof. Garello is also an active
member of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Scociety.Hi
main research interests lie in Remote Sensing, 2D signal
pro-cessing, statistical and spectral analysis applied to the
oceansurface features detection and characterization. He has
beenconstantly searching to improve the relationship between
disci-plines that are sometimes disconnected; 2D signal
processing,ocean physics, geophysics and radar. Dr. Garello has
broughttogether these different fields. He wrote two books or
chaptersof books related to these fields; one about 2D signal
processingwith application to the imaging of the ocean, another one
aboutsatellite SAR imaging with insight on the statistical and
pro-cessing methods for extracting information. The many
contractshe obtained (with industry as well as French Institutions
or theEuropean Community Projects) and the supervision of
PhDstudents made subsequently possible by way of the grantsinvolved
shows also his motivation to pass the knowledge to thefuture
generations.
For contributions to signal processing applied to remote sensing
of the ocean.
IEEE Fellow Class of 2006
Tim Fristedt FOI Applied Marine Research, Stockholm
[email protected] Stipa Finnish Institute of Marine
Research [email protected] Burchard Baltic Sea Research
Institute, Warnemnde [email protected] Ferer
IEEE Ocean Engineering Society [email protected]
Finance ChairsJerry C. Carroll US Naval Center for Meteorology
and Oceanography [email protected] Laanemets Marine Systems
Institute, Tallinn University of Technology [email protected]
Program Tracks and Suggested Topics: Ocean Observation Systems:
Integrated Ocean Observation Systems; Global Ocean Observation
Systems; Baltic Ocean Observation Sys-
tems; Euro GOOS; NOOS; GEOSS; Operational Oceanography; Remote
Sensing; Real-Time Measurements; Seafloor-Based Monitoring
Net-works; Drifting Buoy Networks
Ecosystem-Based Management: Fate of Pollutants; Modeling;
Run-Off Pollution; Sediment Transport and Analyses; Protection and
Restora-tion; Remediation; Geographic Information Systems;
Combating Eutrophication; Marine Biology; Fisheries; Marine
Biodiversity; Water Qual-ity; Physical, Biological, and Geological
Oceanography
Coastal Zone Management: Oil Spills and Hazardous Materials;
Modeling; Ocean Dumping; Dredging; Beach Protection and
Restoration;Pollution Control; Marine Recreation; Natural Hazards;
Marine Resources and Sustainable Development; Mapping Wetlands;
ChartingCoasts; Public-Private Partnerships; Marine Policy and
Education
Forecasting: Meteorological, Oceanographic, and Climate; Data
Collection, Analysis, Forecasting, and Distribution; Data Standards
and Cal-ibration; Modeling; Operational Monitoring of Physical,
Chemical, and Biological Parameters; Real-Time Measurements; Remote
Sensing;Fate of Pollutants; Satellite Measurements; Global and
Regional Monitoring Programs and Systems; Natural Hazards
Environmental Technologies: Oceanographic Measurements (Current,
Wave, CTD, Tidal); Sampling Techniques (Water, Chemistry,
Sedi-ment); Acoustic Techniques; Oil Spill Measurements and
Modeling; Instrument Platforms; Satellite Systems; ROVs and AUVs;
Gliders; Pro-filing Floats; Drifting Buoys; Bio-Sensors
Special Program Track: Sessions on Comparison of
Environmental-Based Research and Issues of the Baltic Sea and the
ChesapeakeBay. Organized by the Estonian-American Panel: Chair,
William S.Busch, University of Maryland. [email protected]
Background for Authors This is the third US-EU-Baltic
International Symposium. The first and second symposia, in 2004 and
2006, were held in Klaipeda, Lithuania,with 140 papers from over 20
nations each. Other information will be available on the website:
www.US-EU-Baltic2008.org
Call for Papers You are invited to submit an one-page abstract
addressing one of the suggested topics. Early submittal is
suggested because of programsize limitations. Abstracts may only be
submitted on-line thru the website. The submission gateway will be
opened as noted on the website.
The Abstract due date is January 10, 2008
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:03 PM Page 9
-
10 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
At the beginning of 2001, Ren Garel-lo headed the Oceanic
EngineeringSocietys Committee on ConferencePolicies chartered to
establish Confer-ence Policies and Procedures thatensure continuity
between successiveOCEANS Conferences. This commit-tee, jointly with
the Marine TechnologySociety, developed the Two OCEANS
Conferences policy adopted by both societies; One
OCEANSConference each year in Northern America, and one OCEANS
Conference every odd year in Europe or every even year in
theAsia-Pacific region.
Then, with members from both societies, Dr. Garelloformed the
Joint OCEANS Advisory Board to develop uni-fied operating
procedures for OCEANS Conferences.Thanks to his vision and
leadership, OCEANS Conferencecommittees now have a permanent OCEANS
website facil-ity with web-hosting tools, capabilities for
electronic pro-gram and registration operations, and tailorable
contractorsupport.
Distinguished Service Award2006 IEEE Oceanic Engineering
Society
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:04 PM Page 10
-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 11
Fred Noel Spiess, a world-renowned deep-seaocean explorer and
inventor at Scripps Institu-tion of Oceanography, University of
California,San Diego, died Friday, Sept. 8, 2006, in UCSan Diegos
Thornton Hospital in La Jolla,Calif. The cause of death was cancer.
Born inOakland, Calif. on Christmas Day, 1919, he was86 years
old.
Spiess had been affiliated with Scripps Oceanographysince 1952.
He was a professor emeritus of oceanography inthe Marine Physical
Laboratory (MPL) at Scripps and had along and successful scientific
career that spanned more than50 years.
Spiess was widely known for his contributions to thedevelopment
of innovative ocean technology. He was tirelessin defining new ways
to look at the deep ocean and seafloor.He designed and built
instruments, took them to sea fordeployment and led numerous
expeditions to investigate thedeepest parts of the worlds oceans.
He was co-inventor of theone-of-a-kind FLIP, the Floating
Instrument Platform.
We are deeply saddened to hear of Fred Spiesss passing,said
Marye Anne Fox, chancellor of UC San Diego. Fredwas a brilliant
innovator in ocean science who dedicateddecades of enthusiastic
leadership to the development of UCSan Diego and to the University
of California. Through hisparticipation on numerous committees over
the years, he hashelped UC San Diego become a national academic and
scien-tific leader. Today, our hearts go out to his family as
wemourn his loss and express our deep appreciation for hisdevoted
years of service.
Fred Spiess was the embodiment of an oceanography pio-neer and
his influence in marine science will be rememberedforever, said
Charles Kennel, director of Scripps Oceanogra-phy. On the Scripps
campus he will be celebrated as some-one who made the type of
pivotal contributions that made thisinstitution a world leader in
its first 100 years. Everyone atScripps will miss his academic
eminence, his personalintegrity and his friendly demeanor and
smiling face.
Spiess received his A.B. degree in physics from UC Berke-ley in
1941, and received a U.S. Navy commission at thesame time. During
World War II he completed 13 war patrolsin submarines in the
Pacific Ocean and won the Silver Starand Bronze Star. He held the
rank of captain (retired) in theU.S. Naval Reserve until his
death.
After the war, Spiess attended Harvard University, receiv-ing
his M.S. degree in communication engineering in 1946.He then
returned to UC Berkeley for graduate study inphysics, where he
conducted research under Emilio Segr inthe area of short-lived
alpha decay problems and high-energyparticle scattering and
absorption.
He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1951, then workedbriefly for
General Electrics Knolls Atomic Power Laborato-ry in Schenectady,
NY. In 1952 he joined the Marine Physical
Laboratory (MPL) at Scripps and was director of MPL from1958 to
1980.
He spent the year 1962-63 as acting director of Scrippsand was
director for the academic year 1964-65, followingRoger Revelles
resignation and preceding the appointment ofWilliam A. Nierenberg.
He was then an associate director ofScripps until 1980. He also
served as chairman of the ScrippsGraduate Department in 1963-64 and
1976-77. During 1974-75, while on leave from Scripps, he was a
scientific liaisonofficer for the Office of Naval Research in
London.
From 1980 to 1988 he was director of UCs Institute ofMarine
Resources (IMR), headquartered at UC San Diego,retaining his
faculty association with Scripps and continuinghis research in MPL.
As director of IMR, the universitys onlystatewide marine science
unit, Spiess coordinated a diversityof research interests at the
inter-disciplinary institute con-cerned with research, education
and public service in relationto societys uses of the resources of
the sea.
Spiess was the co-designer, along with Fred Fisher andPhillip
Rudnick, of FLIP, a 355-foot long, non-propelledresearch vessel.
This unique research craft flips from a hori-zontal to a vertical
position to form a steady platform for
research at sea. In 2002, FLIPmarked 40 years in active serv-ice
at Scripps. At the time ofhis death, Spiess was involvedin
arranging for the use ofFLIP as a testing and demon-stration
platform for researchand engineering systems to bedeployed in ORION
(OceanResearch Interactive Observa-tory Networks), a new
oceanobservations program.
Spiess was a seagoing scientist, leading an average of
twoexpeditions a year for more than 40 years. His research
inter-ests included studies of long-range propagation of sound
andrelated underwater communication systems, ocean-going sta-ble
platforms and deep-towed instrument systems, fine-scaleproperties
of the deep seafloor, phenomena associated withplate tectonics and
seafloor spreading and seafloor geodesy.
In 1989 he led the development of a wireline re-entry sys-tem to
carry research instruments from the deck of a shipthrough 5,000
meters of seawater and into seafloor boreholespreviously drilled as
part of deep-sea scientific drilling pro-grams. He conducted the
first, highly successful use of thesystem off Florida during a
cruise of the Scripps research ves-sel Melville. He continued to
lead the refinement and use ofthis capability, with a 2001
expedition on R/V Revelle mak-ing the first wireline installation
of thermistor strings in drillholes to study the circulation of
fluids in the earths crust.
Spiess was principal investigator for several programs atthe
East Pacific Rise (EPR) and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. He
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego
Pioneer in Ocean Technology: Fred N. Spiess
Fred Spiess
Phillip Rudnick, Fred Fisher,and Fred Spiess
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:04 PM Page 11
-
led an international expedition to the EPR at 21 degrees northin
1979, when hot springs, oases of unusual marine life andrare
mineral sulfide deposits were discovered at depths of2,600
meters.
Spiess worked on the development of seafloor search tech-nology
and in 1971 led a successful deep-sea expedition thatlocated and
mapped the wreckage of five ships previouslyscuttled by the U.S.
Navy. He also carried out National Sci-ence Foundation-supported
manganese nodule surveys,Navy-sponsored studies of the acoustic
properties of the deepseafloor and a variety of geological and
geophysical expedi-tions in the Pacific, Atlantic and Mediterranean
oceans. Hepioneered the development of seafloor geodesy,
developingand proving techniques for measuring positions on the
deepseafloor with centimeter repeatability.
Spiess wrote numerous technical articles on subjects inmarine
physics and ocean engineering. He served on a varietyof advisory
committees and study groups, including the NavalResearch Advisory
Committee; the Defense Science Board; theNational Academy of
Sciences committees on undersea war-fare, oceanography and geodesy;
the steering committee for theNSF RIDGE program; and advisory
committees for marineprograms at UC Santa Cruz, UC Santa Barbara,
the Universityof Miami and Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution.
He was chair or co-chair for more than 20 successful
Ph.D.candidates, four of whom are now full professors in the
Uni-versity of California system.
He was a fellow of the American Geophysical Union, theAcoustical
Society of America and the Marine TechnologySociety, and a member
of the Maritime Historical Society, theSociety for Industrial
Archeology, Sigma Xi and Phi BetaKappa. During 1990-92 he was
president of the Ocean Sci-ences section of the American
Geophysical Union andchaired its Fellows Committee in 1994-96. He
was also anactive member of the Scholia Club of San Diego.
In 1965 he was awarded the Franklin Institutes WetherillMedal
for his role in the development of FLIP. He received theMarine
Technology Societys Distinguished Achievement Awardin 1971. He was
presented the U.S. Navys highest award for sci-entific achievement,
the Captain Robert Dexter Conrad Award,in 1974 for outstanding
achievement in planning, conductingand administration of research
and development.
In 1980 the American Association for the Advancement ofScience
awarded Spiess and his coauthors the NewcombCleveland Prize for the
outstanding paper published in Sci-ence that year. In 1983 he
received the Maurice Ewing medalfrom the American Geophysical Union
and the U.S. Navy foroutstanding contributions to marine
geophysics. In 1985 hewas awarded the Acoustical Society of
Americas Pioneers ofUnderwater Acoustics medal and the Lockheed
Award forOcean Science and Engineering from the Marine
TechnologySociety.
In 1985 he was elected a member of the National Acade-my of
Engineering for significant breakthroughs in oceanengineering,
including the development of FLIP, Deep Towand precision benthic
navigation. In 1990 he received theNavy Distinguished Service Award
for leadership in oceantechnology. Most recently, he was awarded
the 2006 Distin-
guished Technical Achieve-ment Award from the OceanicEngineering
Society of theInstitute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers for
sixdecades of advances in oceanengineering while
developingsea-going research tools. Hisdaughter Kathy Dallaire
willaccept the award on his behalfon September 20.
Spiess served the University of California Academic Senateboth
locally and UC-wide. At UC San Diego, he was chair ofthe Committee
on Planning and Budget during 1986-88, theGraduate Council in
1983-84, the Committee on Privilege andTenure in the 1970s and
chair of the San Diego Division in1985-86. He served as vice chair
and chair of the UC-wide Aca-demic Council and Assembly in 1988-89
and 89-90, respective-ly, including acting as one of the two
faculty representatives onthe UC Board of Regents during that
period. From 1998 to 2001he chaired the UC Academic Senate Task
Force for the startupof UCs new campus at Merced. His contributions
in this arenawere recognized in 2000 with the Oliver Johnson Award
for out-standing service to the Academic Senate.
At Scripps he served on and chaired many committees,including
Scripps Staff Council (1962-64). He was a leader inthe restoration
of the historic Old Scripps Building, includingserving on the
Building Restoration Committee (1976-87).He was awarded the UC San
Diego Campus Ministry Awardfor academic leadership in 1989.
In addition to his university and civic activities, he was
themoderator of the Congregational Church of La Jolla
during1984-85, and served for many years as the churchs
financialsecretary.
Spiess resided in La Jolla, Calif. He was married for 60years to
the late Sarah (Sally) Whitton Spiess, a tireless sup-porter of
Spiesss work at Scripps Oceanography, the ScrippsMarine Physical
Laboratory, UC San Diego and the commu-nity at large. Both Spiess
and his wife were active membersof Scripps Estates Associates. He
is survived by five children(Katherine Dallaire of Chester, NH;
Mary Elizabeth De Jongof San Francisco, CA; Morgen Spiess of
Seattle, WA; HelenSpiess Shamble of Santa Clara CA; and Peggy
DeLigioSpiess of Eugene, OR); four sons-in-law; eight
grandchildrenand three great-grandchildren.
A memorial service will be held at the La Jolla Congrega-tional
Church, 1216 Cave Street, La Jolla, at noon on Sunday,September 17,
immediately following the morning service. Allfriends and
associates are welcome. Another memorial servicewill be held on
Friday, October 20, at 3 p.m., on the PawkaGreen at Scripps
Institution of Oceanography. For informationon the Scripps
memorial, please call (858) 534-3948.
Should you wish to make a donation in his honor, the fam-ily
suggests your favorite charity or one of his, such as theMaritime
Museum of San Diego, Americas Finest City Dix-ieland Jazz Society
or the Doris A. Howell Service (a clinicalconsultation service for
palliative and supportive care) at theUCSD Medical Center.
12 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
Fred Spiess, David Chad-well, an John Hildebrand
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:04 PM Page 12
-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 13
Perfect autumn weather pro-vided the ideal setting for
theOceans06 Conference andExhibition in Boston this pastSeptember.
The event washosted at the Hynes Conven-tion Center in the
fashionableBack Bay section of downtownBoston. With over 2100
atten-dees, more than 350 technicalpresentations, and 190
exhibi-tion booths sold, Oceans06was unquestionably
successfulbeyond our predictions.
The conference began onMonday September 21 with aday filled with
tutorials andworkshops. This event markedthe first time that
ContinuingEducation Units (CEUs) wereawarded for participation
incertain tutorials.
The traditional Mondayevening ice breaker reception
had a sell-out crowd of people renewing friendships andgetting
caught up on the latest news of whos doing what.
Tuesday morning officially marked the beginning of theOceans06
Technical Program and debut of the expansiveExhibition Hall. The
kickoff plenary was introduced byAndy Clark of Oceans.US, and
focused on Ocean Observ-ing Systems and featured Dr. Margaret
Leinen, the Assis-tant Director for Geosciences at the National
ScienceFoundation; Dr. Richard Spinrad, the Assistant
Adminis-trator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Adminis-tration; and Dr. Jose Achache, the Group on Earth
Obser-vations (GEO Secretariat Director).
Tuesday also marked the reprise of the Exhibitor Prod-uct
Showcase, first implemented at Oceans 2000 in Provi-dence, Rhode
Island. This year the Exhibitor ProductShowcase offered over twenty
technology-oriented presen-tations given by exhibiting
companies.
Wednesdays plenary started the days events with apresentation by
Rear Admiral Timothy McGee, the Com-mander of the Naval Meteorology
and OceanographyCommand. The MTS awards luncheon was popular as
ever,
with a standing room only crowd of attendees.Wednesday evening
the attendees were treated to a
reception at the Boston Museum of Science, sponsored bythe
Canadian Consulate of Boston, followed by theOceans06 banquet and
gala. The entire Blue Wing of themuseum was reserved for our use as
well as the Theatreof Electricity which offered the opportunity for
hardysouls to travel up in the air in a wire cage and have
life-sized lightning bolts discharged at them! The
eveningsactivities concluded with a side-splitting performance
bynationally known comedian Jimmy Tingle.
Thursday, the final day of Oceans06 was opened with aplenary by
RADM Brad Mooney (ret), who was the Chiefof Naval Research until
1987. The traditional IEEE OESluncheon featured the elevation of
Rene Garello to Fellowof the IEEE.
In closing, I would like to state my deepest gratitude
toeveryone who has participated in the planning and execu-tion of
this event including the Conference Committee,IEEE Conference
Management Services, and most impor-tantly the spouses and families
of everyone who spent theiravailable time organizing this
Conference.
Peace,John Irza
John Irza
Revolutionizing Marine Technology
Oceans06 MTS/IEEE Boston
From John Irza to Joe Vadus(see page 6)
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:04 PM Page 13
-
14 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
Photos from Oceans 06 Conference
Andy Clark
Dr. Jose Achache
Retired Admiral Brad MooneyRAdm Tim McGee
John Irza introducing speakers
Jose Achache, Margaret Leinen,Rick Spinrad and John Irza
General Chair John Irza
Dr. Rick Spinrad
Dr. Margaret Leinen
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:04 PM Page 14
-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 15
John Wiltshire receiving the MTSOutstanding Achievement
award
Rene Garello receiving the OESDistinguished Service Award
from Jim Barbera
Kathy Dellaire receiving the OESDistinguished Technical
Achieve-
ment Award for her father Fred Speiss
Jim BarberaRene Garello receiving the IEEEFellow Award from Jim
Barbera
Joe and Vandelyn Czika and Claude Brancart
Joe Vadus receiving the LockheedMartin Award for Science
&
Engineering from MTS PresidentJerry Streeter
Jim Barbera, Jerry Carroll, Norm Miller and Bob Bannon
Bob Wernli, Mal Heron, and Jim Collins
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:04 PM Page 15
-
16 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
Mal Heron, Bob Wernli and Brian Ferguson
Jim and Faith Collins and Fred and Lucy Maltz
Tom Wiener and Ed Gough
Jim Barbera and IEEE Division IXDirector Richard Cox
Claude Brancart, Jim Barbera and Rene Garello
RAdm Tim McGee, Tim Janaitis,Karen Kohanowich and Joe Vadus
Barbara Fletcher and Kevin Hardy
Jerry Boatman, Ken Takagi and Tamaki Ura
Joe Vadus, Cathy Woody and Jerry Carroll
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:04 PM Page 16
-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 17
Canada Reception at the BostonMuseum of Science
Brian Horsburg, Diane DiMassa,and Mathew Gelis
Jim Barbera, Jerry Streeter, Tamaki Ura, and Ken Takagi
signing Oceans '08
Brian Ferguson, Mal Heron and Faith and Jim Collins
John Watson, Rene Garello, and Emily Wilson
JOAB Meeting Group
Conference Reception
Kobe Agreement
Jim Barbera, Jerry Streeter, Tamaki Ura, and Takagi.
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:05 PM Page 17
-
18 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
Tom Wiener, John Irza and Sandy Williams
Japanese Deligation
Vince Premus, Denene Premus,and Georgios Haralabus
Jim Barbera, Nova Scotia PremierRodney MacDonald, Joh Erza
and
Canadian Consul General NeilLeblanc Joe Vadus, RAdm Tim
McGee,CDR Eric Gottshall, Ed Gough
and Jerry Carroll
John Irza, Stan Chamberlain and Ken Ferer
Diane DiMasa, George Gillis and Heather Twiss
Ferial El Hawary with Tutorial Speakers
Sussex County Technical SchoolMan Powered Submarine
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:05 PM Page 18
-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 19
The nineteenth Student Poster Program was held at OCEANS06
MTS/IEEE Boston. Once again there was a very fine displayof student
posters located in the center of the exhibits area at the Hynes
Convention Center inBoston, MA. The posters were prominently
displayed and werewidely viewed by the conference attendees. The
Student PosterSession was organized by Dr. Alexandra Techet from
MIT. 49poster abstracts were received and 24 were selected for
presen-tation. Poster abstracts were obtained from students in the
US,Canada, France, Italy, Russia, China, Venezuela, and the UK.The
program was supported by funding from the Office ofNaval Research
and from the National Science Foundation.A new event was the
addition of a Poster Precis prior to thebeginning of the poster
display. Each student gave a brief con-cise overview of the project
in 2-3 slides to the judges panel, fel-low students and guests.
This introduction gave the judges agreat overview of the work as
well as an opportunity to the stu-dent to give an oral
presentation. The awards for the winningposters were presented at
the Wednesday evening Gala at theMuseum of Science. Two level of
awards were given. First toGraduate Students and second to
undergraduate students. Theposters were:
Daniel Walker, MIT"Micro Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Concept
for Dis-tributed Data Collection"
Zhenhai Wang - University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA"Factor
Analysis for Ocean Seismic Remote Sensing"
Rogelio Morales - Universidad Central de Venezuela - Cara-cus,
Venezuela"Prototype of a Stereoscopic Vision System to Improve
ImageQuality in Turbid Waters During Underwater Inspections"
Alexander Pavin - MIT"The Pipeline Identification Method Basing
on AUVsEcho-Sounder Data"
Brandon Cochenour - Naval System Command/Johns Hop-kins
University"Effects of Multiple Scattering on an Underwater
WirelessOptical Communications Link"
Jiaming Zhang - University of Massachusetts, Darmouth,
MA"Development of an Integrated Acoustical-Optical Platformfor
Detecting Groundfish"
Lauren Cooney - MIT"Design of an ROV to Compete in the 5th
Annual MATEROV Competition and Beyond"
Jesse Kipp - University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee GreatLakes WATER
Institute, WI"A Software Framework for an Integrated Observing
System"
Korey Verhein - University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee GreatLakes
WATER Institute, WI"An Inexpensive Underwater Multi-Point
Temperature System"
Lauren Cooney - MIT"Design of an Acoustic-Homing Autonomous
Surface Vessel"
Fan Gu - University of New Hampshire-Durham, NH"Optimal Image
Blending for Underwater Mosaics"
Xiaoling Chen-Steven Institute of Technology - Hoboken,
NJ"Passive Acoustic Detection of Divers Under
StrongInterference"
Madaline Barbu - University of New Orleans - New Orleans,
LA"Acoustic Seabed Classification using Fractional Fourier
OCEANS 06MTS/IEEE - Boston Student Poster Program
Norm Miller, Gerard Llort-Pujol (1st Place Winner), Rene Garello
and Imen Karoui (2nd Place Winner)
Norm Miller and Philip Barclay (2nd Place Winner) Norm Miller
and Jose Garcia (3rd Place Winner)
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:05 PM Page 19
-
20 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
Transform and Time-Frequency Transform Techniques"
Lloyd Ackermann - Florida Atlantic University - DaniaBeach,
FL"Hydrodynamic testing of as Vectored-Thruster Propelled UUV"
Zhipeng Sun - Harvard University - Cambridge, MA"Size Spectrum
of Suspended Particulate Matter in theBohai Sea"
Kathryn D'Epagnier - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"AUV
Propellers: Optimal Design and Improving ExistingPropellers for
Greater Efficiancy"
Paula Echeverri - MIT"Experimental Investigation of Internal
Tide Generation byTwo-dimensional Topography"
Jeffery Kaeli - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
Uni-versity - Blacksburg, VA"An Automated Morphological Image
Processing BasedMethodology for Quantifying Coral Cover in
DeeperReef Zones"
Michael Stanway - MIT"Small Diameter Ducted Contrarotating
Propulsor forMarine Robots"
Andy Schneider - University of Wisconsin - MilwaukeeGreat Lakes
WATER Institute, WI"Near Shore Wireless Communications System for
SensorBuoys"
Ye Li - University of British Columbia - Vanouver, BC,
Canada"Modeling the Operation and Maintenance Cost of LargeScale
Tidal Current Turbine Farm"
Laura Amate - 13S UNSA-CNRS - Sophia-Antipolis, France
"A Contribution to the Problem of Mapping SeabedTransition
Zones"
Daniela Donno - Politecnico di Milano - Milan, Italy"Seismic
Shape Parameters Estimation and Ground-roll Sup-pression using
Vector Sensor Beamforming"
The Judging Team did an out standing job of evaluating
theposters and reached a consensus on the ranking of theposters.
Prizes were awarded as follows:
GraduateFirst Place Brandon Cochenour
Second Place Lauren Cooney Jordan Stanway
Third Place Alexander Pavin Ye Li
UndergraduateFirst Place Zhipeng Sun
Second Place Jeff Kaeli
Third Place Andy Schneider
All of the Students were asked to stand and were givena round of
applause at the conclusion of the Awardspresentation.
Norman D. MillerStudent Activities Coordinator
Visit the OES online, link to the IEEE homepage:
http://www.oceanicengineering.org
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:05 PM Page 20
-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 21
Abstract - Recent interest in ocean exploration has broughtabout
a desire for developing wireless communication tech-niques in this
challenging environment. Due to its high attenu-ation in water, a
radio frequency (RF) carrier is not the opti-mum choice. Acoustic
techniques have made tremendousprogress in establishing wireless
underwater links, but they areultimately limited in bandwidth. A
third option is optical radia-tion, which is discussed in this
paper. One drawback of under-water wireless optical communications
is that the transmissionof the optical carrier is highly dependent
on water type. Thisstudy examines some of the challenges in
implementing an opti-cal link in turbid water environments and
attempts to answerhow water clarity affects the overall link.
I. IntroductionNow more than ever, wireless radio frequency (RF)
communi-cations are an essential part of military and civilian
activities.Land-to-land and land-to-air systems are vital for
transmittingdata over large distances without the need for a cable
connec-tion. Underwater vehicles and devices may also benefit from
awireless link. Military platforms like submarines and
unmannedunderwater vehicles (UUVs) would gain the ability to
coordi-nate missions and pass data between platforms while at
speedand depth. Commercial oceanographic applications stand
toprofit as well. Data logging sensors such as seismometers
ortemperature sensing devices obtain the capability to
transmittheir data without the need to be recovered or unmoored. It
iswell known however, that while radio frequencies have
enjoyedrelatively large success in free space, they experience
highattenuation in water, and are typically not used for
communica-tion between subsurface vehicles and devices.
Acoustic radiation has managed to overcome this issue tosome
extent. Typically, data rates of >100kHz have beenreported for
links
-
niques and hardware from the radar community. The main
dif-ference is that the carrier is in the form of optical energy,
ratherthan radio waves.
Radar and communication systems are characteristicallysimilar
systems. The foundation of many of the digital modu-lation schemes
used in terrestrial links are related to basic radardetection
techniques and use similar hardware components. Assuch, we can use
the modulation that FAMIS provides to cre-ate an underwater
wireless optical communications link.
Specifically in this work, a Phase Shift Keying (PSK) linkis
examined. In PSK, digital data is represented as changes ina
sinusoidal phase. For a k-bit system, the number of symbolsis m=2k
where a PSK symbol is defined as
For simplicity, a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) link
isimplemented here (k=1, m=2).
III. Implications Of Establishing Optical Links in WaterThe main
challenge of implementing an optical link underwateris that the
optical signal is highly variable with water opticalproperties. An
optical signal is attenuated in water by twoprocesses, absorption
and scattering. The absorption and scat-tering coefficients, and
respectively, are wavelength depend-ent. Absorption losses occur as
photon energies are lost due tothermal processes. Scattering losses
occur when the interactionwith particulates causes photons to
scatter out of the main beampath. It is often more convenient to
represent these lossestogether as the total attenuation. The
attenuation coefficient, , isdefined as,
For an incident optical source with power, , the receivedpower,
at some point d meters away is,
Table 1 shows some representative absorption, scattering,and
attenuation coefficients for various water types [12].
When the receiver is viewing the optical signal off-axis(which
is a likely operational scenario), the received power is afunction
of the attenuation coefficient and the volume scatter-ing
function,. The volume scattering function describes theangular
dependence of scattered light. The received power isthen defined
as,
The impact of water clarity on an underwater optical
com-munications link should now be apparent, as both absorptionand
scattering have different effects depending on the environ-ment.
For example, in pure sea water, absorption will ultimate-ly be the
limiting factor with increasing distance. In this case,
we can choose a laser source whose wavelength is optimized
sothat it experiences a minimum amount of absorption. Thisranges
from blue to green wavelengths depending on waterclarity.
Furthermore, the fact that the beam remains relativelycollimated
over a given path length in clean water imposesextra pointing
requirements on the system since the transmitterand receiver would
have to be well aligned. It is plausible thatbeam divergence
(whether natural due to range, or imposed viaoptics) may relax this
requirement, however the operationalenvironment (on a submarine or
UUV) may prohibit makingphysical changes on the fly.
On the other hand, in turbid harbor waters, scattering maybe the
limiting factor. Here, the well-collimated nature of laserlight is
virtually destroyed as photons begin to scatter out of themain beam
path. From a system standpoint, this may be a ben-efit in that we
are able to relax the pointing requirements sincethe optical signal
now starts to approach that of an isotropicsource. However,
scattering may have a similar adverse effecton optical signals that
multipath reflections have on acousticsignals. Several studies have
investigated the
Water Type A (m-1) b (m-1) c (m-1) Pure sea water .0405.0025
.043 Clean ocean .114 .037 .151 Coastal ocean .179.219 .298 Turbid
harbor .266 1.824 2.19 spreading effects ofwater clarity on
baseband optical pulses [13]. In the case of amodulated carrier,
such as the BPSK link examined here, wewish to examine how water
clarity, particularly the off-axisscattering of photons, affects
the transmitted modulated RFsubcarrier.
To this end, we define a modulation depth,
where is the incoming modulated component of the opticalsignal
and is the non-modulated, or DC, component. Ideally,the modulation
depth is unity. However, depending on trans-mitter/receiver
alignment, link range, RF modulation wave-length, and water
turbidity, the possibility exists that loss ofmodulation could
occur. From a communications perspective,loss of modulation depth
translates directly into received sig-nal-to-noise loss, and
therefore a higher probability of bit error.As such, it is
important to understand what role scattering hason the modulated
optical signal.
IV. Experimental Setup and ProcedureA block diagram for the
laboratory BPSK link is shown in Fig-ure 2. Experiments were
conducted in a 1m x 1m x 3.66m watertank with windows on each end.
Maalox antacid was used as a
22 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
Inherent Optical Properties of Various Water Types. ?=514nm
)2
cos(m
kwtASk
+= , k=1,.m (1)
)()()( cba =+ (2)
( ) dcdbar ePePdP
)(
0
)()(
0),( + == (3)
)(),( )(0 dcr ePdP = (4)
0
minmax
2
)()()(
P
fPfPfm RFRF
= (4)
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:05 PM Page 22
-
scattering agent [14] and a transmissometer was used to
direct-ly measure the attenuation coefficient in the testing tank.
Thetransmitter and receiver are located outside the tank on
oppositesides. At the transmitter end, a frequency-doubled
diode-pumped solid-state laser (532nm) is used as the optical
source.While this laser has a maximum adjustable output power of
5W,an output setting of 3W is used in this study. The CW
opticalsignal enters an electro-optic modulator that has a
modulationbandwidth of approximately 10-100Mhz. A carrier frequency
of70Mhz was chosen for these experiments. A programmable fre-quency
synthesizer was used to generate the RF carrier signal.This source
can be programmed to store the PSK symbols inmemory. In the case of
the BPSK link implemented here and asdefined by (1), two 70Mhz
sinusoids 180 degrees apart fromeach other are stored. After losses
through the modulator andother optical elements, the optical power
entering the tank isapproximately 500mW.
At the receiver end, a photomultiplier tube was used torecover
the RF modulation envelope. A PMT was chosenbecause of its low
noise/high gain characteristics. In addition,the PMT chosen has a
2in. aperture (approximately 18 degreesFOV when housed with biasing
electronics). The large activearea was chosen in order to collect
as much of the scatteredlight possible.
The signal is then passed through a custom bias-T to sepa-rate
the RF and DC components. The DC side is lowpass fil-tered and
digitized. The RF is bandpass filtered at 70Mhz andamplified by a
30dB low noise amplifier and a 50dB variablegain amplifier. The
carrier is then demodulated via an IQdemodulator. The I and Q
samples are lowpass filtered and dig-itized. Digitization is done
with a National Instruments DAQcard which performs simultaneous
sampling of the I, Q, andDC signals.
The RF source has two channels. While these two channelscan be
tuned separately in frequency and phase, they share thesame
internal oscillator, and are therefore phase-locked. In
thislaboratory implementation, one channel serves as phase
modu-lation for the transmitter, while the other serves as the
localoscillator reference for the demodulator. While having a
sharedphase locked source between the transmitter and receiver
isnever likely to happen in a real situation, it does provide a
fre-quency and phase locked signal on both ends of the link.
Bymaking the link inherently coherent the experiment can
focussolely on the effects of the water channel.
On the receiver end of the tank, the PMT is placed on amotorized
rail. Once the transmitter and receiver are aligned,the PMT was
moved at 1cm increments off axis. The windowof the tank allows for
approximately 30 cm of motion, whichgives a pointing mismatch of
roughly 5 degrees half angle rel-ative to the laser source. At each
position, 1ms (5000 samplesat 5MS/s) of I and Q data was taken for
one of the BPSK phasestates. The phase state is changed (180
degrees as per BPSK),and another 1ms of data was taken. The process
is essentiallyequivalent to transmitting a single binary 1 and
binary 0 at1kHz. In post processing, smaller integration times can
beexamined. In this way, multiple data rates can be examinedfrom
one data acquisition measurement. This process isrepeated for
increasing water turbidities (increasing Maaloxconcentration).
V. Experimental Results Part IIt is often useful to describe the
undersea environment in termsof attenuation lengths, i.e. the
attenuation coefficient multipliedby the physical range at which
the system is operating. Figure 3shows the normalized beam spread
vs. position for increasingattenuation lengths (water turbidities).
This is simply the DCaverage of the modulated signal as measured
directly from theDC side of the receivers bias T. Position 0 on the
x-axis is theposition where the transmitter and receiver are
preciselyaligned. For the cleanest water types (c = ~0.8/m, cd =
~3), wenotice a prominent forward peak that falls off rapidly
uponmoving off axis, indicating that little scattering is
occurring. Aswater turbidity increases (c = ~24/m, cd = 88) it is
easy to noticethe influence that multiple scattering has on the
optical signal.At the higher water turbidities, the optical signal
becomes large-ly diffuse over the 5-degree measurement range.
Furthermore,we observe a slight peak that occurs towards the middle
of theacquisition range. Here, photons scattered into the near
forwardangles are greater than the non-scattered photons. While
thisprovides a clear understanding of the effect of forward
scatter-ing on the optical signal, it does not yet answer how the
RF partof the signal is influenced.
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 23
Fig. 2. Simplified block diagram of the laboratory BPSK
link.
Fig. 3. Normalized beam spread vs. position for increas-ing
water turbidities. For clean waters, the majority of the
optical energy is contained in the main beam path. Asturbidity
increases, photons scatter away from the main
beam and into the near forward angles.
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:05 PM Page 23
-
The following data is shown for an integration time equal toa
100kHz signaling rate. Figure 4 shows modulation depth asdefined in
equation (4) as a function of position. Here, itappears that even
at the highest water turbidities there is no sig-nificant loss of
modulation with increasing turbidity or point-ing mismatch. (The EO
modulator typically achieves 90-100%modulation depth with fine
alignment). It should be noted how-ever, that increasing the range
of the link, increasing the RFsubcarrier frequency (decreasing the
wavelength), or increas-ing the pointing inaccuracy beyond 5
degrees, may in fact showthat modulation loss can occur. This will
be discussed later.
We can also examine the affect of water clarity by examin-ing
the phase of the incoming modulated optical signal. As pre-viously
mentioned, the link is implemented coherently sincethe receiver and
transmitter signals are derived from the samedigital oscillator.
The detection, however, is done in a differen-tial sense. In this
case, decisions are made not on the absolutephase of the incoming
signal but the phase difference betweenadjacent bit periods. As
such, differential detection offers areduced system complexity.
While differential detection ofcoherent PSK isnt necessarily a
common technique, it allowsus to observe some interesting
phenomena.
Figure 5 shows the phase difference between binary statesversus
position for increasing water turbidities. The figureclearly
illustrates that even at the highest water turbidities, thephase
difference between symbols remains 180 degrees, con-sistent with
BSPK signaling. These are promising results, as itsuggests that
even in the most challenging underwater environ-ments, the phase
modulation is largely unaffected.
As alluded to earlier, an investigation of the absolute
phaseprovides some insight into the effect of scattering on the
RFsubcarrier. Figure 6 shows absolute received phase vs.
positionfor increasing water turbidity for one of the two BPSK
binarystates. We notice that from the cleanest water type
investigated(c = 0.8 /m, cd = ~3) to the most turbid (c = ~24/m, cd
= ~88),the absolute phase shifts approximately 70-80 degrees. This
isevidence that multiple scattering is in fact occurring.
As water turbidity increases, more scattering events occur,and
modulated photons take slightly longer path lengths before
they reach the receiver. This in turn manifests itself as
changesin the absolute phase of the carrier. At 70Mhz, in water,
the 70-80 degree shift corresponds to a path length difference
ofapproximately 0.5m-0.7m (~2ft) between the cleanest and dirt-iest
waters examined here. This distance is certainly plausibleover the
3.66m path length given the highly diffuse nature ofthe light
observed at those high turbidities.
VI. Experimental Results Part IIIn the previous section, we
examined the influence of waterclarity on a modulated optical
signal. In this section, wedescribe an experiment to investigate
bit error vs. water turbid-ity and pointing accuracy. Since a bit
error generator was notavailable in the lab, one was made in
software via LabView. Apattern generator was used to create a 1024
bit pseudorandombit sequence (PRBS) at the rate of 1Mbps. The TTL
pattern isfed to the RF synthesizer. The card is programmed so that
thechannel driving the EO modulator changes phases based on the
24 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
Fig. 4. Modulation depth vs. position for increasing
waterturbidity. No appreciable modulation depth is lost at
thehighest water turbidity (c= ~24/m, cd =~90). Integration
time is equal to 100kHz signaling rate.
Fig. 5. Phase difference between BPSK states vs. posi-tion for
increasing water turbidity. Symbols largely
remain 180 degrees apart. Even at the highest waterturbidity
(c=~24, cd=~90), the maximum error is only
approximately +/-3 degrees.
Fig. 6. Absolute phase of one BPSK state vs. position
forincreasing water turbidity. The modulated optical
carrierundergoes a shift of approximately 70-80 degrees (~2ft)
due to multiple scattering. Integration time is equal to100kHz
signaling rate
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:05 PM Page 24
-
pattern generator sequence. The output of the pattern
generatoris also digitized by the National Instruments A/D so that
com-parisons between the transmitted and received message can
beperformed.
At the other end of the link, the PMT is aligned so that it
isoff-axis with the transmitted optical signal (5 degrees,
asbefore), giving what should be the worst-case scenario interms of
pointing for this particular experimental setup. I andQ samples are
then acquired at a sampling rate of 5MHz.Maalox is again added to
increase water turbidity. Relativelyclean water is examined first
(c= 0.35/m, cd= ~1.26). Figure 7ashows approximately the first 80
bits of the TTL signal gener-ated by the pattern generator and
figure 7b the correspondingreceived signal (as changes in phase).
Bit decisions were madebased on the incoming changes in phase, and
the detectedsequence was compared to the generated sequence. For
thiswater type, all 1024 bits were detected error free at a data
rateof 1Mbps. Figure 8 shows the resultant polar plot. The
tightclustering also shows error free transmission.
More turbid waters were examined as well (c = 21/m, cd =~71).
The 1024 bit sequence was again detected error free. Thepolar plot
is shown in figure 9. Both show that the highly scat-tering
environment had little appreciable effect on closing thelink. Data
rates higher than 1Mbps should be attainable, as thelimiting factor
in this work was the available COTS hardwareand not the
environment.
VII. ConclusionsThis work investigated the effects of multiple
scattering in tur-bid environments on a modulated optical signal
for establishingwireless underwater communication links.
Preliminary experi-ments showed that recovery of the RF sub-carrier
was largelyunaffected by water clarity. Changes in the absolute
phase of therecovered RF envelope vs. increasing water turbidity
confirmthat multiple scattering is occurring, however it appears
thatunlike acoustic systems, the multipath effects are static
duringthe acquisition time. This was supported when short data
burstswere detected error free at a rate of 1Mbps.
While these are positive results, it is important to keep inmind
a few limiting factors of the experimental setup. First,while
extremely high water turbidities were examined, thegeometry of the
tank provided only for a limited range (3m)and limited pointing
inaccuracies (5 degrees). While the linkwas successfully
established at large attenuation lengths (highwater turbidities at
short ranges), it may be unwise at this pointto extrapolate these
results to posit on the link quality at longranges (100m and
beyond). It is imperative that pointing accu-racy, water clarity,
and link range are all considered together.
To further investigate these three factors, additional
experi-ments will be performed in a larger tank facility. The
authors atPatuxent River are outfitting an 8m diameter sonobouy
tankwith windows. This will allow researchers to investigate
theeffect water turbidity has on longer ranges and wider
pointinginaccuracies. As mentioned, the observation that scattering
hadlittle effect on the modulated RF sub-carrier may simply be
dueto the long carrier wavelengths (~3.2m) relative to the
shortlink range (3.66m). Likewise, carrier degradation may occurfor
pointing mismatches greater than the 5 degrees investigat-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 25
Fig. 7. (a)Approximately the first 80 bits of the 1024 bitTTL
PRBS and (b) The corresponding received data
stream, shown as changes in phase
Fig. 8. Polar plot shows error free data. Clean water (c
=0.35/m, cd=1.26). 1024-bit PRBS sequence. 1Mbps.
Fig. 9. Polar plot shows error free data. Turbid water (c
=0.35/m, cd=1.26). 1024-bit PRBS sequence at 1Mbps.
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:05 PM Page 25
-
26 IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006
ed here. This bigger test geometry should give more insightinto
the operational limitations of an optical system.
Future plans also include modeling the optical signal in tur-bid
environments. The authors currently possess a beam spreadmodel for
investigating the spatial dependence of scatteredphotons. Such a
model will allow researchers to obtain a clear-er picture of what
kind of pointing accuracies may be neces-sary for a given water
clarity. Future upgrades to this modelinclude the addition of time
dependence so that metrics relatedto the modulated RF sub-carrier
may be investigated.
AcknowledgementsThis work is supported by Navy In-House
Laboratory Indepen-dent Research (ILIR) funds.
References[1] D.B. Kilfoyle and, A.B. Baggeroer, IEEE Journal
of
Oceanic Engineering, VOL. 25, NO. 1, January 2000.[2] D.Frye,
et. al, An acoustically-linked deep-ocean obser-
vatory, OCEANS Europe 2005.[3] M. Stojanovic, Recent advances in
high speed underwa-
ter acoustic channels, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engi-neering,
VOL. 21, NO. 2, April 1996.
[4] G.C. Gilbreath, W.S. Rabinovich, et. al. Large Area
mul-tiple quantum well modulating retroreflector for free-space
optical data transfer on unmanned aerial vehicles,SPIE, Opt. Eng.
40(7) pp. 1348-1356, July 2001.
[5] H. Sari, B. Woodward, Underwater voice communicationsusing a
modulated laser beam, Oceans 98 ConferenceProceedings, Vol 2, 28
Sept.-1 Oct. 1998, pgs 1183-1188
[6] J.P. von der Weid, J.A.P. da Silva, A.C. SantAnna,Underwater
cabeless data transmission, Oceans 93Proceedings, 18-21 Oct. 1993,
pgs 191-193 vol. 3.
[7] L. Mullen, A. Laux, B. Concannon, E. Zege, I. Katsev,
A.Prikach, Amplitude-Modulated Laser Imager, Applied.Optics. Vol.
43, July 2004, 3874-3892.
[8] L. Mullen, A. Laux, B. Cochenour, E. Zege, FAMIS(Frequency
Agile Modulated Imaging System) Sensor forImaging in Turbid Water,
Proc. SPIE Port and HarborSecurity, April 2006.
[9] B.W. Coles, Laser Line Scan Systems as Environ-mental Survey
Tools, Ocean News and Technology,July/August 1997.
[10] B.W.Coles, W. Radzelovage, P. Jean-Lautant, and K.
Rei-hani,Processing Techniques for Multi-Spectral LaserLine Scan
Images, Oceans 98, Nice, France, 1998
[11] G.R. Fournier, D. Bonnier, J.L. Forand, P.W.
Pace,Range-gated underwater laser imaging system.
OpticalEngineering, Vol. 32, pp 2815-2190. 1993.
[12] C. Mobley, Light and Water. San Diego:
AcademicPress/Elsevier Science, 1994.
[13] J.B. Snow et al., Underwater propagation of high datarate
laser communications pulses, SPIE Vol. 1750, OceanOptics XI,
1992.
[14] A. Laux, R. Billmers, L. Mullen, B. Concannon, J.Davis, J.
Prentice, and V. Contarino, The a,b,cs ofoceanographic lidar
predicitions: a significant steptowards closing the loop between
theory and experi-ment, Journal of Modern Optics, 2002, VOL. 49,
NO.3/4, 439-451.
The IEEE OES AdCom Meeting was held in the Hynes
ConventionCenter in Boston, Massachusetts on 18 September, 2006.
The highpoints from this meeting were:
Opening remarks were made by A. Ellsworth Drew (of theGRSS)
Earth Observation Journal.
He invited people to participate in the RenewableEnergy
Community
He discussed the IEEE Committee on Earth Observa-tion &
Renewable Energy Community of Practice
Jay Pearlman gave a presentation on the GlobalEarth Observation
System of Systems (GEOSS).
The Division IX Director, Rich Cox gave a presentation onIEEE
& Division IX structure and activities
A new approach to funding IEEE infrastructure forthe future is
currently being investigated
Jerry Carroll gave his Treasures Report. Since much of
thisinformation is sensitive, thus for further information,
pleasecontact him for details.
Steve Holts Secretary Report was presented on his activitiesso
far in 2006.
Jim Barbera went through the status of the existing ActionItems.
For further information, please contact him or SteveHolt
(Secretary) for further details.
Liz Creed gave a presentation on ExpertNow. Jim Collins gave his
report on Membership. He gave sta-
tistics back to 1983 that, in 1983, we had 2798 members.In 2005,
we had 1595 members a monotonic decrease
11 November 2006
Report to the IEEE OES on the Boston 2006 Administrative
Committee (AdCom) Meeting
OES_NL_fall06.qxd 3/22/07 2:05 PM Page 26
-
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Newsletter, Fall 2006 27
over last 23 years; a primary reason for decrease is reduc-tion
in defense funding of anti-submarine warfare (ASW)which
incorporates a major portion of OES technology &resulting
interest in supporting OES membership for theirengineers. Also, the
MTS membership fee much less thanfor IEEE.
Jim Collins gave his report on OES Chapters. The historyback to
1984 was obtained.
Stan Chamberlain gave his report on History Project. TheHistory
Project is moving along, with Robert Colburn of theIEEE History
Center editing the material compiled by Stanon each of the OES
activities over the past 20 years.
Tom Wiener discussed the OES Awards for DistinguishedService
(Rene Garello), and
Distinguished Technical (Fred Speiss, posthumously)Tom Wiener
discussed the OES Elections. Those cho-sen (Elected by Acclimation)
were:
President Jim Barbera VP Technical Stan Chamberlain VP
Conference Operations Rene Garello Secretary Steve Holt
Editor-In-Chief Christian deMoustier
Bob Wernli gave a presentation on the RECON CommitteeActivities.
Conferences discussed included: OCEANS 08Kobe, OCEANS 09 Biloxi,
OCEANS 10 Sydney, OCEANS11 Hawaii, OCEANS 11 Spain, OCEANS 12
Providence,Newport, or Halifax, and OCEANS 13 San Diego. Also,
therewas a motion to accept Sydney, Australia OCEANS 10 venue.This
motion passed.
Rene Garello gave a presentation on Conference
OperationActivities:
Rewriting of the Conference Guidelines is underway Monitoring
conference all-electronic policy is underway Other IEEE societies
(GRSS) interested in our
OCEANS web tools Plenary video recording to be tested at
OCEANS07-
Aberdeen Christian DeMoustier gave a presentation on the Journal
of
the Oceanic Engineering Society (JOE): He has a new website and
some new Associate Edi-
tors. Finances were also discussed. Fred Maltz gave a
presentation on the OES Newsletter:
OES is about to sign a contract with IEEE Media tomanage
advertising in the OES Newsletter, which isto start in 2007
Review web conversion process and develop new webarchive
browsing features
Newsletter Session items summary: Advertising will help us
support our Newsletter costs Address question of putting technical
content on
IEEE Explore Use web archive to develop new interactive
brows-
ing features Improve workflow
Todd Morrison gave his presentation on OES Website
activities. For further information, please contact him
forfurther details.
Norm Miller gave a presentation on the OES
ScholarshipProgram:
Establish a $15,000 OES Scholarship Fund each yearas a budget
line item. This amount to fund five under-graduate and five
graduate scholarships of $1,000each per academic year.
Eligibility - Students must be enrolled full-time in
anaccredited college or university in a field of study thatwill
lead to a career in ocean engineering or a relate