第 37 卷 第 1 期 2015 年 1 月 北 京 林 业 大 学 学 报 JOURNAL OF BEIJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITY Vol. 37, No. 1 Jan. , 2015 DOI: 10. 13332 / j. cnki. jbfu. 2015. 01. 005 不同变种及种源紫苏种子油脂肪酸组成及含量比较 周晓晶 1,2 李 可 1 范 航 1 刘 通 3 李椿方 3 马 超 1 刘玉军 1 (1 北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院 2 北京市理化分析测试中心 3 北京工业技师学院) 摘要:采用化学萃取和 GC鄄MS 法,对 5 个变种 11 个种源地的 17 个种质的紫苏种子样品开展了种子油含量及其脂 肪酸组成和相对含量的比较和分析。 GC鄄MS 结果表明,紫苏油中共发现 14 种脂肪酸,按相对含量高低划分为 6 种 高含量脂肪酸( > 0郾 8% ) 和 8 种低含量脂肪酸(臆0郾2%); 其中 14鄄甲基鄄十六烷酸(C17颐 0)、 十八碳二烯酸( C18 颐 2n3)、二十三碳酸(C23颐 0)3 种低含量脂肪酸为首次在紫苏油脂中被报道;高含量脂肪酸中 琢鄄亚麻酸的相对含量最 高,达 51郾 92% ~ 62郾 98% ;琢鄄亚麻酸、亚油酸与油酸之间存在一定代谢转化相关性。 脂肪酸含量外标法计算结果表 明,5 个变种中白苏变种的含油率和 琢鄄亚麻酸含量较高,作为紫苏油生产原料具有一定优势。 关键词:紫苏; 白苏变种; 种子油; 琢鄄亚麻酸; 亚油酸; 油酸 中图分类号:S718郾 43; Q946郾 4; Q949郾 777郾 6 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1000鄄鄄1522(2015)01鄄鄄0098鄄鄄 09 收稿日期: 2014鄄鄄06鄄鄄27 修回日期: 2014鄄鄄07鄄鄄21 基金项目: 国家科技重大专项(2012ZX09304006) 、质检公益性行业科研专项(201210209)。 第一作者: 周晓晶,博士生。 主要研究方向:药用植物学。 Email:zhouxiaojing177@ sina. com 地址:100083 北京市清华东路 35 号北京林业 大学生物科学与技术学院。 责任作者: 刘玉军,教授,博士生导师。 主要研究方向:药用植物学。 Email: yjliubio@ 163. com 地址:同上。 马超,副教授。 主要研究方 向:药用植物学。 Email:machao@ bjfu. edu. cn 地址:同上。 本刊网址: http:蛐蛐j. bjfu. edu. cn; http:蛐蛐journal. bjfu. edu. cn ZHOU Xiao鄄jing 1,2 ; LI Ke 1 ; FAN Hang 1 ; LIU Tong 3 ; LI Chun鄄fang 3 ; MA Chao 1 ; LIU Yu鄄jun 1 . Composition and amounts of fatty acids in Perilla frutescens seed oils of different varieties and areas. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (2015)37 (1) 98 鄄鄄 106 [Ch, 28 ref. ] 1 College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China; 2 Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing, 100089, P. R. China; 3 Beijing Industrial Technician College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China. We applied soxhlet extraction to obtain seed oil of 17 kinds of germplasm from 11 different areas of China, belonging to five varieties of the genus Perilla and then used GC鄄MS to analyze the amounts of oil as well as the composition and relative amounts of fatty acids. Fourteen fatty acids were indentified from P. frutescens seed oil. These were divided into two groups of six high level (0郾 8% ) and eight low level (臆 0郾 2% ) amounts of fatty acids. For the first time 14鄄methyl鄄hexadecanoic acid (C17颐 0), 18 carbon diene acid (C18颐 2n3) and 23 carbon acid ( C23 颐 0) were reported in P. frutescens oil. The relative amount of 琢鄄linolenic acid was the highest with a range of 51郾 92% to 62郾 98% . Certain metabolic conversion relationships were detected among 琢鄄linolenic, linoleic and oleic acids. The results calculated with an external standard method for the amount of fatty acids in P. frutescens seeds implies that P. frutescens var. frutescens, among the five varieties investigated, is preferable as the raw material for P. frutescens oil, given its high rate of oil rate and its amount of 琢鄄linolenic acid. Key words Perilla frutescens; P. frutescens var. frutescens; seed oil; 琢鄄linolenic acid; linoleic acid; oleic acid
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第 37 卷摇 第 1 期
2015 年 1 月
北 京 林 业 大 学 学 报
JOURNAL OF BEIJING FORESTRY UNIVERSITYVol. 37, No. 1Jan. , 2015
ZHOU Xiao鄄jing1,2; LI Ke1; FAN Hang1; LIU Tong3; LI Chun鄄fang3; MA Chao1; LIU Yu鄄jun1 .Composition and amounts of fatty acids in Perilla frutescens seed oils of different varieties andareas. Journal of Beijing Forestry University (2015)37(1) 98鄄鄄106 [Ch, 28 ref. ]1 College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, P. R.China;2 Beijing Center for Physical and Chemical Analysis, Beijing, 100089, P. R. China;3 Beijing Industrial Technician College, Beijing, 100023, P. R. China.
We applied soxhlet extraction to obtain seed oil of 17 kinds of germplasm from 11 different areas ofChina, belonging to five varieties of the genus Perilla and then used GC鄄MS to analyze the amounts of oilas well as the composition and relative amounts of fatty acids. Fourteen fatty acids were indentified fromP. frutescens seed oil. These were divided into two groups of six high level (0郾 8% ) and eight low level(臆 0郾 2% ) amounts of fatty acids. For the first time 14鄄methyl鄄hexadecanoic acid (C17颐 0), 18 carbondiene acid (C18颐 2n3) and 23 carbon acid (C23 颐 0) were reported in P. frutescens oil. The relativeamount of 琢鄄linolenic acid was the highest with a range of 51郾 92% to 62郾 98% . Certain metabolicconversion relationships were detected among 琢鄄linolenic, linoleic and oleic acids. The results calculatedwith an external standard method for the amount of fatty acids in P. frutescens seeds implies that P.frutescens var. frutescens, among the five varieties investigated, is preferable as the raw material for P.frutescens oil, given its high rate of oil rate and its amount of 琢鄄linolenic acid.Key words摇 Perilla frutescens; P. frutescens var. frutescens; seed oil; 琢鄄linolenic acid; linoleic acid;oleic acid
Fig. 1摇 Relative contents of six high鄄content fatty acids in P. frutescens var. frutescens
图 2摇 紫苏、耳齿紫苏、回回苏、野生紫苏种子油中 6 种高含量脂肪酸相对含量
Fig. 2摇 Relative contents of six high鄄content fatty acids in P. frutescens var. arguta, P. frutescens var. auriculato鄄dentata,P. frutescens var. crispa and P. frutescens var. acuta
Fig. 4摇 Relative content of eight low鄄content fatty acids in P. frutescens var. arguta, P. frutescens var. auriculato鄄dentata,P. frutescens var. crispa and P. frutescens var. acuta
摇
苏、云南耳齿紫苏、四川野生紫苏,分别为 15郾 1 ~16郾 8 g / kg 和 5郾 9 ~ 6郾 4 g / kg。
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