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SUMMARY
Kolodchyn D. V. Detention as a Precautionary Measure.
Qualifying
scientific work as a manuscript.
Thesis for a Candidate Degree in Law, specialty 12.00.09
"Criminal
Procedure and Criminalistics; Forensic Examination; Operational
Search Activity".
- Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Ministry of Education
and Science of
Ukraine. - Kharkiv, 2018.
The choice of the topic of research is stipulated by its
importance both for
domestic law enforcement practice in the field of criminal
justice, and in view of
the formation of the international image of Ukraine through the
prism of ensuring
the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms, in
particular, the right to
liberty and personal integrity.
In order to identify the segments of the research object that
until today has
remained relevant for scientific development, a comprehensive
review of the
development and current state of scientific knowledge of the
criminal procedural
institute of detention was carried out. As a result, it was
stated that according to the
temporally-essential criterion the development, the doctrine of
detention can be
conditionally divided into periods, namely: pre-revolutionary
(pre-Soviet), Soviet,
post-Soviet and modern, each of which is characterized by the
specifics of the
vector of scientific research on this preventive measure. The
work gives a detailed
description of each period with the allocation of its basic
features.
The evolution of the institution of detention in Ukraine has
been observed
since the birth of this legal phenomenon in the times of Kyiv
Rus and up to now. It
was noted that the inquisitorial basis of criminal proceedings
in the early fifteenth
and mid-nineteenth centuries resulted in a narrowing of the
guarantees of the rights
of persons to which this preventive measure was applied while
expanding the
practice of its application. With the gradual introduction of
democratic principles
into the criminal process, the reform of the detention center
aimed at ensuring the
right of a person to freedom and personal integrity was carried
out.
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9
The basic international standards, the observance of which
should be
ensured in the procedures related to the use of detention as a
preventive measure,
were singled out. A classification of reasons for non-observance
of the order of
detention in Ukraine in the context of securing the right of a
person to freedom and
personal integrity by grouping the main factors into the
following blocks was
proposed in a similar vein: (a) the imperfection of the
normative component of the
institution of detention; (b) errors and violations committed in
the law enforcement
component; (c) insufficient taking into account of the
interpretative component, in
particular in subject matter of the common international
standards by the specific
case-law of the ECtHR.
An analysis of the criminal procedural laws of foreign states
through the
prism of European standards and taking into account the
peculiarities of the legal
system of our state was carried out, it made possible to
formulate a number of
conclusions and proposals for improving the criminal procedural
legislation of
Ukraine in the following areas: a) the use of video conferencing
opportunities in
solving issues related to application of detention; b) informing
the relatives of a
suspect, or an accused, against whom detention has been applied;
c) guardianship
of persons maintained by the suspect, or the accused, detained,
as well as the
security of his property; d) introduction of the mechanism of
probation reports in
solving the question of a preventive measure.
The results of legislative initiatives of recent years have been
critically
comprehended, which has enabled not only to outline the range of
problem issues
but also to predict and evaluate trends in the possible
development of the
institution of detention broadly.
Particular attention was paid to the problematic issues of the
use of detention
at the stage of pre-trial investigation (Section 2), the
detection and processing of
which were carried out using the method of sociological research
and the method
of expert assessments.
It was stated that the characteristic feature of the preparatory
stage of the
activity on the choice of a precautionary measure in the form of
detention is the
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10
implementation of procedural measures, the adoption of relevant
decisions and the
drawing up of documents in conditions of maximum time limits (in
particular, if a
person is detained in accordance with article 208 of the
Criminal Procedure Code
Ukraine (hereinafter referred to as the CPC)). In this regard,
the possible ways of
solving this problem were considered, and own vision of the way
out of the
situation was proposed.
It was revealed that the current criminal procedural legislation
does not
contain any mechanisms for preventing the risk of hiding a
person after having
informed her/him of suspicion and by the time of the choice of a
preventive
measure in the form of detention. At the same time, the official
notification of
suspicion quite often works as a catalyst in attempts to avoid
punishment, in
particular by hiding from the investigation. In this connection,
an approach was
proposed, which, on the one hand, will ensure the achievement of
the interests of
society in combating crime and guaranteeing the inevitability of
punishment, and
on the other hand, will enable to overcome the illegal practice
of so-called
"hidden" detentions.
It was established that in some cases, in resolving the issue of
choosing a
preventive measure in the form of detention, greater
effectiveness is ensured not
only by the prosecutor participation in a court session but also
by the investigator,
who carries out a pre-trial investigation. The suggestions for
the legalization of this
practice of law enforcement, which was caused by objective
necessity, but does not
have a legislative basis, were substantiated.
Considerable attention was paid to the issues of the assignment
of a bail, as
an alternative to detention, taking into account the fundamental
novelty of this
legislative approach. In this aspect: a) the expediency of
establishing a regulatory
requirement for displaying the amount of a bail in the motion of
a preventive
measure in the form of detention of the investigator, or the
prosecutor was proved;
b) the mass character of the violation was stated, which is the
absence of
information on the consideration and resolution by the court of
the amount of the
pledge in the decisions on the application of a preventive
measure in the form of
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11
detention, as required by Part 3 of Art. 183 CPC and the way to
overcome the
problem was proposed; c) it was argued that the criminal
procedural qualification
of a case as one that falls within the scope of Part 5 of Art.
176 of the CPC,
excludes the possibility of a court decision on the
determination of the collateral in
accordance with Part 3 of Art. 183 CPC; d) it was demonstrated
that,
supplementing Art. 176 CPC Part 5, the legislator did not
provide a systematic
approach to making adjustments to the text of the criminal
procedural law, that
created a conflict of norms, which in some cases generally
excludes the possibility
of applying any precautionary measure.
It has been stated that due to the imperfection of the normative
constructions
of articles 200 and 201 of the CPC today, the parties to the
criminal proceedings
are deprived of the opportunity to appeal to the investigating
judge with the request
to cancel the preventive measure in the form of detention. It
was argued that under
the rule of law such a situation is unacceptable and the
participants in criminal
proceedings should be able to raise the question of reviewing
the legality and
justification of a preventive measure not only with the prospect
of its replacement
by another precautionary measure but also with the possibility
of obtaining a
judicial review of circumstances that generally overturn the
need of any legal
restrictions.
The error of judicial practice in the correction of mistakes
made when
choosing a preventive measure was proved by applying the
institution of change of
preventive measure in the manner provided for in Articles 200,
201 of the CPC.
It is established that for today Part 1 of Art. 309 CPC provides
an
opportunity to lodge an appeal against a court ruling of an
investigating judge on
the application or refusal to apply a preventive measure in the
form of domestic
arrest or detention, but thus deprives of the opportunity to
appeal the decision of
the investigating judge to change the preventive measure in
accordance with
Articles 200, 201 of the CPC, even if the result of such a
change was the
application of a preventive measure to a person in the form of
domestic arrest or
detention. An algorithm was proposed, which includes the use of
a combination of
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12
general principles and positions of the Constitutional Court of
Ukraine (hereinafter
- the CCU), which should be guided by the appellate courts in
the matter before the
relevant corrections are introduced in the text of Part 1 of
Art. 309 CPC.
Within the framework of Section 3, the features of the use of
detention at the
judicial stages of criminal proceedings were investigated.
The analysis of the use of a preventive measure in the form of
detention at
the stage of preparatory proceedings has been carried out, which
has made it
possible to identify the following problems: a) the
contradictions of judicial
practice in the issue of extending the detention period at the
stage of preparatory
proceedings; b) normative irregularity of the procedure for
resolving the issue of a
preventive measure in the event of a court decision to return
the indictment to the
prosecutor; c) different approaches to ensuring the
participation of the defense
party in considering the issue of extending the term of
detention; d) the unsettled
use of a preventive measure in the form of detention in the
period from the end of
the pre-trial investigation to the preparatory trial; e)
irregularity of the procedure
for resolving the issue of a preventive measure in the transfer
of proceedings to
another court. Author's approaches to ways to solve the listed
shortcomings were
proposed.
The complex analysis of the issue of extending the term of
detention during
the trial was carried out, the results of which were presented
in the form of
conclusions in three planes: dejure, defacto and
delegeferenda.
The options for resolving the situation when the term for the
detention of an
accused is ended and the judges who are to consider the criminal
proceedings are
on leave, on a sick leave, on a business trip or for other
reasons are deprived of the
opportunity to take part in the court session were
investigated.
The current court practice, providing that when a conviction is
issued, the
court of the first instance in the same document, on its own
initiative, without
discussion with the parties, decides on the choice of a
preventive measure in the
form of detention or its continuation with the wording " before
the verdict of legal
force ", was analyzed and estimated. The positions of scientists
in this issue are
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13
considered and their own vision regarding the need for
correction of the mentioned
law-enforcement realities was expressed.
The separate questions of application of precautionary measures
in the form
of detention in the preparation of proceedings for an appeal
review were
investigated.
The conclusions and propositions presented in the dissertation,
which have
both theoretical and practical significance, can be used: a) for
scientific research
purposes for the further development of the issues of
precautionary measures in
the form of detention; b) in normative activity during the
improvement of the
current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine; c) in
law-enforcement activities
to provide practical assistance to investigators, prosecutors,
investigating judges
and judges in applying the law; d) in the teaching and learning
process in the
preparation of textbooks, manuals and methodological materials
on the criminal
process, as well as during the teaching of disciplines Criminal
procedure,
Theory and practice of the application of measures to ensure
criminal
proceedings, Judicial control during pre-trial investigation in
criminal
procedure.
Keywords: detention, right to liberty and personal integrity,
precautionary
measures, measures to ensure criminal proceedings, coercive
measures.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ON THE TOPIC OF THE
DISSERTATION
Scientific works reflecting the main results of the
dissertation:
1. Kolodchyn D. V. The current state of scientific knowledge of
detention as
a precautionary measure. Comparative and Analytical law. 2016.
6. P. 255-257.
2. Kolodchyn D. V. Genesis of the criminal procedural
institution of
detention. Law and Society. 2017. 2. P. 207-211.
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14
3. Kolodchyn D. V. Taking into account foreign experience in
improving the
normative regulation of preventive measures in the form of
detention. Public law
2017. 4(28). P. 143-150.
4. Kolodchyn D. V. The term of detention during a trial:
legislative
guarantees and practice of law enforcement. Scientific Bulletin
of Uzhgorod
National University. Series: "Law". 2017. Issue. 46. P.
96-99.
5. Kolodchyn D. V. Determination of a bail as an alternative to
keeping in
custody in cases provided for in Part 5 of Art. 176 CPC: on the
basis of judicial
practice. Law and Society. 2017. 6. P 181-187.
Publications certifying the approbation of the materials of the
dissertation:
1. Kolodchyn D. V. Detention as a precautionary measure: the
development
of scientific thought and the prospects of further research.
Scientific potential and
prospects of the development of legal science: Materials of the
International
Scientific and Practical Conference (Zaporizhzhia, March 1718,
2017).
Zaporizhzhia. 2017. P. 109-111.
2. Kolodchyn D. V. To the issue of determining the size of a
bail as an
alternative to a detention in the motion of an investigator,
prosecutor. The Urgent
Issues of the Criminal Process from the Standpoint of Young
Researchers:
Materials of the IX All Ukr. Scient. Conf. of Students and
Postgraduate Students
(Kharkiv, May 16. 2018). Kharkiv. 2018. P. 4345.
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2
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