Εθνικόν και Καποδιστριακόν Πανεπιστήμιον Αθηνώνusers.uoa.gr/~nchilak/vivlio/Parts/01 Prologos.pdfI . ENGLISH -GREE!( DICTIONARY OF PURE AND

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ENGLISH - GREE!( DICTIONARY OF PURE AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS (WITH GREEK-ENGLISH APPENDICES)

hy MEMAS KOLAITIS

IN TWO VOLUMES VOLUME 1

ArrAOEAAHNIKON AEEIKON TQN 0EQPHTIKQN KAIE~HPMO~MENQN MA0 HMA Tll(QN (META EAAHNOAffAIKQN IIAPAPTHMATQN)

u7to M EM A K 0 A A ·I· T H

EII: AYO TOMOYI: IlP!lTOI: TOMO.E

EKAO~U.: TEXNIKOY EilIMEAHTHPIOY TH~ EAAAAO~ A0HNAI 1976

PUBLISHED BY THE TECHNICAL CHAMBER OF GREECE ATHENS, Greece 1976

Copyright © 1976 by Memas Kolaitis.

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieMl system, without permission in wri!ing from the author.

PRINTED IN GREECE

FOREWORD

This Dictionary is offered with full confidence that it will become a useful work of reference. To this effect every effort has been made to ensure its completeness through maximum accuracy of rendering and comprehensiveness of vocabulary.

Accuracy in the rendering of the English terms and phrases has been achieved only by making certain that all entries, without exception, were rendered into Greek by the most appropriate equivalent. This was not an easy undertaking, especially in view of the avowedly unsettled, not to say chaotic, state of the "official'' Greek technical vocabulary. The procedure I have followed was to adopt any and all Greek mathematical and/or related terms which, compared to the English, appeared to be unambiguously equivalent. There were many terms which, upon critical examination, failed to present an unambiguous equivalence or lacked the quality of a precise limited meaning. These were replaced by words which were considered more appropriate as equivalent terms. And there were many words which served many masters by being impressed to stand for different, sometimes antagonistic, contents. Such words were restricted to one meaning only, and a new term, usually a variant form of such words, has been adopted for the secondary meaning.

Comprehensiveness of vocabulary could not be secured unless by the inclusion of the thousands of single and compound words which have become part and parcel of an English sophisticated vocabulary of Pure and Applied Mathematics during the last thirty or forty years. Of these only a score or so had found their way into the Greek Language, often haphazardly, and mostly through the French counterparts of the English or American originals. Finding adequate renderings for these new terms was by far the greatest problem

v

which confronted me during the compilation of my Dictionary. Yet only by including all new terms could I fulfil my aim of serving the needs of an enlightened user, be he a sincere student seeking instruction, or a professional intent upon authoritative guidance.

Since my Dictionary is addressed to the bilingual user, I must refer him to my "Prefatory Remarks" which, written in Greek, follow this Foreword. There he will find the whys and wherefores of this work, a full delineation of the reasons which made it imperative for me to go beyond the limits of lexicography by undertaking to create terms where none existed, and a discussion of the terminological criteria which served as my guideposts in adopting a term in use, a variant form of a term in use, an ancient word with a new meaning, or a newly-coined word, as the unambiguous equivalent of the English term. I should add that my appraisals of the Greek words concerned their ability to stand as terms; and not their idiom affiliation. In fact, the vernacular having had little effect upon the more or less abstract areas covered by this work, very few questions arose during its compilation which necessitated a choice between words or forms of the two written language idioms, the "officialese" and the "demotic". Wherever it became necessary to adopt a variant or a new word as a term of a lesser abstract content, I gave preference to the form which could easily be assimilated by both idioms.

I believe that the terms I have used throughout this Dictionary are the most appropriate to express or designate the concept or thing expressed or designated by their English originals. I consider, however, that it is totally unnecessary for me to elaborate on the genesis of any new terms, beyond stating that, to one who knows or can find the meaning of the English term, the Greek term adopted by me as its equivalent will be easily identifiable as such, and therefore will be readily acceptable. · Furthermore, all new terms pertain to new theories or recent developments. Thus any point to be made, at this juncture, for or against their usability or effectiveness, is a moot point, at least until such time as the scientists and professionals of Greece embrace these matters in their daily endeavors. And since use anq usage are the only determining factors of the viability of any new term and of the usefulness of any vocabulary, I must rest my case, in the hands of the user, in full faith that he will indeed find that th~

vi

words and phrases which constitute the Greek vocabulary of this Dictionary truly serve his purpose.

I am honored by the fact that the publication of my Dictionary has been undertaken by the Technical Chamber of Greece. I must add, however, that its compilation was not sponsored by any Greek -0r non-Greek foundation, institution, or agency. I have been able to devote the thousands of hours that were needed in the research • the compilation, and the bilingual typing of the manuscript of this Dictionary, through the patience and understanding of, and the encouragement and support from, my wife Frances Lane Kolaitis, to whom this my work is now fondly dedicated.

1260 Ferrelo Road, Santa Barbara, California 93103 U.S.A.

MEMAS KOLAITIS

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pfjµa inform. Kai 'L'O ((7tAY]pocpopouµal)) ano8iSst, PePata, 'L'U yaAAtKU naeY]nKU se renseigner Kai s'informer, &.A.A.' ano8i8st 7tAY]ptcnarn µ6-vo 'L'O ayyA.1Ko to be informed. (I:riµrn:Dvffi i':mnpocree'L'ffii; on 'L'O ayyA.tKo pfjµa inform EX,Et i':nicrrii; 'L'TJV zvvota wu «nA.ripocpo pto8o'L'<'i))), Kai informer stVat 6 «7tAY]pOcpop1086'L'Y]i;l), CY'L'llV CYY]µacria m u ((Karn-

8 D'L'YJ i;>l).

'Ev cruvsxsic;t sl'.naµs «ypacpdov · nA.ripocpopt&vll 'L'O bureau de renseignements, Kai s1'.7taµs ccunripscria nA.ripocpoptrov>l 'L'O service de(s) renseignements. uOrnv crxscpeouµs, oµffii;, on 'L'O nprow slvm crnyKp6-n1µa nagoxfjr;; nA.ripocpoptrov, i':v([l 'L'O 8sl'.nspo dvm cruyKp6'L'Y]~ta av).

Aoyfjr; (noA.tnKOCY'L'panffinKGJV, Kllpiffii;) 7tAY]pocpoptrov, PA.tnoµ s on 'L'Ocro 'L'O renseignement ocro Kai 'L'O ((7tAY]pOcpopim>, E)(,OllV µtav a~tcpiAo

YYJ 7tOAllCYY]µia, T) 8£ noA.uµepsui 'L'ffiV m'nT] 8i':v 8taAUE'L'at av 7t tav6µ ams U7t0 'L'U µaAAtU xapaK'L'Y]pil;;ovmi; 'L'O 7tp&w cbi; «ypacpEtoll Kai TO 8s0-'L'Ep0 cbi; ccunripscriml 15.

To KU.KO µsyaAffiCYE O'L'aV, µ£ 'L'OV Katpo avnKp0craµs w ui; opoui; information office (tj, mT]v nspimfficrt Kpu.nKi'ji; unripscriai;, info rmation service) Kai intelligence agency. 'Av'L'i vu SYJ'L'TJCYOµE 8tKo0i; µa i; opoui; ~li': wui; 07t0Lolli; ea ans8i8aµs mui; ayyAtKoui; opoui; intelligence KU.i intelligence agency, escrnil;;ovrni; 'L'O rmAT]pocpopiml Kai 'L'O «ypacpdo (t] unripscria) nA.ripocpoptGJVll ytu 'L'O information office (11 service), onffii; E7tpE1tE, µsivaµs 07tffii;, navrn, 7tpOCYKOAAY]µEVOt CY'L'llV yaA.AtKll 6pOAOyia, Kai dnaµs, 1wA-u KaKroi;, <CU7tlJpscria nA-ripocpopt&Vll 'L'O i':smpEnKa aKptPoA.oyriµevo Kai Ei8tKrnnKa A-sstA-oyl]µevo intelligence agency.

'H 8tacpopu ~tsrnsu µtiii; (i8tffinKfji; 11 KpanKfji;) information service Kai 'L'fji; (µ6vo KpanKfji;) intelligence agency slvm 'L'Epacrna.

AoUAElU µtiii; information service dvat ref] cpavspi], a7tpOKUlcll IT 'L'l], Kai A.iyo t] noA-u nponayav8tcrnKTj, µs'L'a8ocrti; nA.ripocpopirov cr'L'o noA,u Kotv6, t] mov otov8T]no'L'E i':v8tu.cpsp6µsvoll. 'H i':v yevst 8piicrti; 'L'Y]i; dvm, npffi'L'tmffii; ~ti':v rcnAYJpocpoptaKTJll, 8rn'L'Eprn6no:Ji; 8e, A.iyo t] noM, «µopcpffinKTJll. "E'L'crt CY(J)CY'L'U, 7t0AU CY(J)CY'L'U, ea 'L'TJV 7tOUµE ((lJ1tl]pscria 7tAY]pocpopt&Vll' Kai CY'L'TJV 7tEpt1t'L'ffiCYt £voi; information office, ea 'L'O nouµs, i':nicrrii; 7t0AU CY(J)CY'L'U, «ypacpdo 7tAY]pOcpoptGJVll.

15. Tov tvotacpi:p6µi:vo napantµnro <HO Cip0po <cun11pi:crim i1 ypacpi;Ia nA.11-pocpoptrovii, <nTiv Mi;yaA.T] 'EA.A.T]VtKTJ 'EyKuKA.onaiOi:taii, 't6µoc; 20oc;, cri:A. 346.

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AouA.stu ~niii; intelligence agency, &.no 'L'O liUo µepoi; (Kai Ka'L'a 'L'OV 6ptcrµo wu Tphou Nfou Atsevoui; AsstKOU mu I'oueµnmsp, wu 1966), dvm ccfi cruUoyi], KU.'L'a o1ov8T]no'L's esµt'L'o t] a.etµtw 'L' p6no, 7tAY]pocpoptaKGJv 8s8oµevffiv, Ka7tO'L'E Kai cpmvoµsvtKa UCY)(,E'L'WV, ni 6-nolu., µE'L'U KptnKT] avaA.ucrt KU.i U1t0'L'tµY]cri 'L'WV, ea es~LEAtcDCYO llV , wi; cruµnspacrµa'L'a 'L'fji; unripscriu.i;, 'L'ii; esµsA.taKi':i; i':Kefosti; nou ea unopaA.st yta 'L'TJV i':vriµepwcrt 'L'ffiv npocrwnwv nou KU.'L'rneuvouv 'L'TJV i':sce'L'EptKT], ll 'L'TJV i':sonAtCY'L'tKTJ 1tOAtnKfj 'L'fji; )(,Wpai;, tj 7tOU opyavcilvouv 'L'U mpa'L'Y]YtKU CY)(,E8ta 'L'Y]i;ll. Ku.i 6 opoi; intelligence, mfjv OA(J); 'L'E)(,VtKU i':sst8tKrnµevlJ crriµacria nou nfjps cr'L'fjv 'AµsptKfj 'L'a 'L'EArntai:a 'L'ptaV'L'a f] crapavrn xp6vta, E)(,Et 'L'TJV EVVOta (Ka'L'U 'L'O napanavw lcESlKO) 'L'OU cc8s6vTWi; anonµriesfoa 7tAY]pocpopia nou acpopq 'L'OV sxep6, tj i':v8i:x6µi:vo £xep6, f] i':v8i:x6µi:vo eea'L'po i':mxi:tpi]cri:wi;, Kai ni Pam 'L'E'L'Otai; anonµi]cri:wi; i':say6µi:va cruµni:pacrµmm>. To vu i':saKOAOlleouµE, A017tOV, µ' a\na 'L'U un6Pa8pa 'L'OU opou intelligence, vu 'L'OV U7t0-8i8oµE cmA-ripocpopim>, Kai vu A.eµi; 'L'fjv intelligence agency ccbnl]pscria 1tAY]pocpoptGJVll, dvat 8taVOY]nKO EYKA1iµa. Kai 8i':v µiii; YAll'L'WVEl arro

. 'L'fjV i':mpaU6µEVY] Ka'L'aCltKY] µai; OU'L'E T) CYllVEX,t/;;6µEVY], mfjv 7tUµ7tTW)(,l] yaAAtKfj 6poA,oyia, an68ocrt wu ayyAtKOU intelligence agency µ£ 'L'O service de(s) renseignements, OU'L'E Ti A.0crti; nou 86craµi:, 'L'Wpa 'L'EA.rnrnia, O'L'aV ppi;8TjKU.µE CY'L'TJV avayKlj vu ssxwpicroµE £vav intelligence officer, nou 'L'OV dxu.µi: nfj «astwµanKo 7tAYJpocpop1GJv)), ano £vav information officer, yta 'L'OV 6nofov 8i':v dxaµi: npovoi]cri:t, µ£ 'L'O vu KOAATjcroµE CY'L'OV 'L'EA.rn'L'ato 'L'TJV ovoµacria «astwµanKoi; EVY]~lEpcD

CYEWi;ll. To µ6vo nou Ka'L'op8wcraµi: dvm vu noA-A-anA-amacroµi: 'L'fjv 1tOAllµEpEta TOU «7tAY]pocpopiall, µ£ 'L'fjV acracpEtU. 7tOU 8u 1tpOKU\j/EL, apya f] ypi]yopu., U7t0 'L'fjV i':mpoA,Tj 'L'OU opou cdv1iµepwcrti;)) cbi; U7t0-8onKOD wu ciyyAtKou information.

"Av, npiv 1tEAayfficroµs µi': 'L'fjv aµcpiAOYTJ noA,uµtpsta mu opou «nA.11-pocpopiall, sYxaµs 86cri:t 'L'TJV napaµtKpT] crKE\j/t cr'L'o np6PA.riµa µai; µ£ 1tp007t'L'tKll 'L'fjV i':mKaipwcn 'L'fji; 6poAoyiai; µai;, onwi; µiii; £mpaA.A.E'L'at, ea Pai;;aµs 'L'a 8uva'L'a µu.i; vu ppouµi: Ka'L'aA.AriA.o opo y1u 'L'ov ayyA-tKov opo intelligence. To np6PA-mta 8i':v dvat Ka86A.ou 8ucrE7ttAll'L'O, onffii; ea 8ouµE ESE'L'U/;;OV'L'U.i; 'L'OV ayyAtKOV opo mfjv CYllCY)(,Encri 'L'Oll ~Li': ni 81Ka ~mi; A.i:s1A-oy1Ka µfoa, mi; £sfli;:

'H A-tsti; intelligence, CY'L'TJV yi:vtKT] 'L'Y]i; crriµacria, 8u nfj cc8tavo11-nK6n1;ll, CY'L'fjV EVVOLU. mu (clKU.VO'L'Y]i; TOU 8tavoi:fo8al)), cbi; CYllVWVll-

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KaKwc; 6pisnat O"'tO AE~LKO rnu «'08ucrcrtcoc;)) we; «crlWELWVCO 1-1i: µrrA.i: µoA.lJf3 t, 8topOwvco, A.oyoKpiVCOll. «AoyoKpiVCO)) ExEl an6A.urn anicrrntx6 TO\) 'tO Pfi l-ta censor. «AoyoKptcr[a)) Kai censorship i;Ivm anoA.lncoc; •au•ocrriµa Kai crqµaivouv «EAEYXOc; mu KELµtvou 81iµOcrtE6µarnc; fJ OT]µOcrtoA.oyr,µarnc; A.6yqi nEptcrrn/ci'jc; •fie; i:/,wOi;p im:; 't"OU AOYOUll.

22. XapaK'tqptcrnK6 't"OU cri;f3acrµou nou O(j)ELAEtat O"'tOV avayvwcrr q, Eµ nELPO i1 µTi i:µnEtpo, sivm rnuw: ·o ypa<Jlcov, Kai µ' au•ov 6 cruv•oxrric;, ~tpouv noA.u KaA.a on «µsrn8onK6•1ii;il 8i;v Ou nfj va i:~w•sA.isstc; •ov crwxacrµ6 crou µi; •Tiv anO(j)Uyi] 'tWV anoxpwcrECOV Kai 1:0 (j)1:WXEµa TOD iOtwµarnc; µi; 'to np6crzriµa i:fjc; <<icrorrsowcrscoc;)) (Kai:a 'tiiV KptnKii 'tfjc; apOpoypa(j)iac; µou cr' £va c'i.p0po i:voc; K. 2.X. , m6v «OiKovoµtK6 Taxuop6µoll, <JlUAA.o aptO. 792, crsA.. 6, i:fjc; 2611i; '!ouviou J 969), i1 va 'tOV m;pf3ipstc; µi; 'tO KOUTUAaKt µi; 1:0 np6crx1wa i:1'jc; «crUVEVVOll O"ECOc;ll (Kai:a c'i.A.A.o µansµa •fie; napanavco 81iµocrtoypa<JltKfjc; Kacrcravopac;). « Mi:rn80-nK6111c;n ea nfj on £va KELµEVO ypaµµtvo crt6 ioicoµa nou OAOL µsrn zi;tp isovrnt ornv µtAODV, Oa µnaxstptcri:fj •iiv 'i8ta 6poA.oyia nou Oa µi:rnxs1ptcr1fj 6 KOtv6; Ov1116c; mTiv Kouf3tv•a rnu, aA.A.O. Kai 6 noA.umuxtoDxoc; cri; µta cruyypa<Jlfi rnu. 'O ypa(j)COV, ornv ypa(j)El, EXEL rnuc; i:pirnrn:; \Jn' Oljll 't"OU, £µnEtpouc; i1 µii £µnupouc;, Kai npoc; aurnuc; anw06vi:rnt, cri; t8icoµa nou OAOL A.iyo fJ noA.u Karn /,af3aivouv. 0[ ayyA.ocra~ovsc; AEVE: «KaA.6 va O"KEn1:Ecrat cra O"O(j)6c;, µa va EK(j)pa~Ecrat cr&.v &.vepconoc; 1:0D A.aoull. 'O 'Aptcr1:0(j)avqc; µac; µac; dns: «'AµaOfoi:Epov Eint, aA.A.a cra(j)Ecr'tEPOVll. 'O O"UV1:CtKtqc;, !micrqc; µi; rnuc; i:pi1:0uc; \Jn' Oljll rnu, ea f3sf3atco0fj on o,n ypa(j)E1:at np6KEL1:at vu KarnvoqOfj an6 'tOV uvayvwcr1:T] 1:0\J. Kai onou ei:wpi] crEL on XPEtasErnt Kai fms~11Y11cr1c; opcov, OEV Ou Ota0"1:UO"El vu npocrOfoEt , cri; KCtltOLO I-LEPO<; TOD i:v16nou, £va «yA.wcrcrapto opCOVl), onou ea ooOoDV o[ 6ptcrµoi tUJV EUAllma Kai mpcoi:a. '"Ev8s1~1c; m:f3acrµoD npoc; •<'>v avayvwcr•n dvat Kai ii nA.1ipqc; unaA.Etljltc; 'tWV «napopaµai:COVll. Kai oµcoc;, cr16v i:6no µac;, crtu np60upa too 21 OU aiwvoc;, i':~aKoA.ouOoDµE vu otKatoA.oyoliµs 'tOV U<Jlav1crµ6 •Giv KE11-1tvcov 'tGi v c'i.p Opcov i1 1Giv cruyypaµµai:cov µac; µi; ti]v i:niKA.11cr1 rnD «oai>tovoc; •Giv rnrroypa(j)Eiww.

xl

K01t0 XP!:LUCTTT]KC. "Ernt Ela auwrri:tElapxT]ai:t Kai El&. XPYJCTLµorrotf\ AcKTLKO ~aa1aµ£vo CTTU Eli;µi:A-taKa AcSlKU' Kai oi:v Ela OlCTTUCTcl va oi:xElfj Kai o[aoi]rroTi: rcpmT6Tum1 6poA-oyia {;voe; n1µ£vou, rcpcina ytari oTav

ooEJfj £vac; vfoc; opoc; Ela ooEJfj, TaUTOXPOVffi;, Kai YJ {;pµT]Vda TOU" Kai UaTcpa ytaTi SEpcl OH KaVEVac; OEV Ela rcpOTclVc EVaV VEoV OpO yta £vvota yta TllY 6rroiav {mapxi:t T]ori uUoc;, tKToc; av CTUVTPEX!:l A6-yoc; TCOU i';m~ciUi;t £vav vfo opo yta µtav U1tOXPffiCH 11 yta ~llU vfo

OtaKptTii arroaa<pi]VT]CTL 23•

y) Ta uµi:ptKaVLKU AcSlKU, rcp6 rcavToc; TO µi:yaAO M£pptaµ -rou£µn:aTcp, Eli:mpouvTat urro KaEli; µopcpmµ£vo roe; TU urro KaEls U1t0\jfl £yKupa ~oriEliJ~taw Too ypacpovrnc;. 'Arra µtKpo rcmoi µaElaivi:t Kavcic; vu. rcpoaTp£xi:t ma AcSLKU, yta TiiV {;p~LT]Vda {;voe; opou, yta £vu. CTlJVWvuµo 11 auyyi:vtK6 TOU, t] yta TiiV opEloypa<priai TOU. Kai Kavi:ic;, UKO~ta Kai 6 TCOAU1tTUXlOUXOc;, oi:v Eli:mpd on Tarri:tvffivi:Tat av rcpocn:p£si:t ai: /,i:s1K6. "Oao rcA-ouTisi:t Ti yA-ffiaaa µi: Ta rcoA-A-a Kai 016.cpopa A-i:KnKa Kai cppaanKa mo1xda rcou urcmTouv oi v£i:c; to£i:c; Kai Ta vfo npa

nww, TOCTO Kai rci:pwa6Tcp0 xpi:tcisi:Tat TO AcSlKO roe; ~0118riµa. Kai µ6VO i'jAiEJLOt µrcopOUV VU KaUXT]ElOUV On OEV EXOUV CTTJ~lcpa UVUYKll rrpoacpuyfjc; ai: A-i:s1K6, t] on, ai: µta oi;ooµ£vri annti], dvat ai: Elfot VU EluµT]ElOUV OAOUc; rnuc; opouc;, tj OAcc; Tic; UTCOXPWCTctc; TWV opcov,

Tfjc; 1Icpl0Xfjc; 1IOU EKdVT] TiiV anyµii EScTUSOUV.

o) Tiiv «ytvrnll> {;voe; opou i';m~uUi:t Kupim; Tj avayKT] vu ovoµanaElfj £va vfo uvnn[µi;vo, tj va xapaKTT]ptaElfj µta lOtOTT]c; ll ~l lU KaT6.arnatc; yta Tic; 6rro1'.i:c; oi:v {mfjpxi: si:xmptmoc; opoc;. Oi «VEolll, O~tffi; opot oi:v OT]~llO ll pyouvrnt «ma KOUTOUpoun. Ariµwupyouvwt umi:-

23. twcrwxwc; cr' i':1-1ac;, µi; •Tiv 1:0~ivcocri otrn Kai nMov ysvswv yA.cocrcraµuvrnptK1]c; «voqnKfjc; KaOapcrsroc;ll, cr1:0µciJOqKE 'tO yA.rocrcrtK6 aicrOqµa i:wv nsptcrcrotlprov un6 EKEivouc; nou ypa<Jlouv 'tiiv «i':nimw1vl KaOapsuoucra, µi; crwmtpacr1-ia on TJ 6poA.oyia µac; , Epµato 'tWV npOXELpoA.6yrov Kai 'tWV UEpoA.6yrov, f3acr[crTqKE crxsoov f;~ 6A.oKA.iipou crti]v cruvmcr01iµanKi] 81aOrn1, Kai ox1 cr•Tiv un6A.um Kai aucr't llPa i:~Erns6µsvq 6ptcrµoA.oytKii fJ a1t0xprocrnKi]V uvayKq. ME 'tO va 1-ti]v ExO~lE f3acrtKu OsµsA.taKa A.s~tKa, µf: 'to va µii f3picrKoµ£ napa noA.u crrraviroc; µ1uv unocra<Jl llVtcrµ t vq , Kai cruvrnii'lc; EyKUPll Kai ano oA.ouc; napaoEKtii, 6p1crµoA.6y1icrt tGiv AE~EWV nou ~tnaxstpts6µacr'tE, 8tapKii'lc; µsyaA.wvoµE 'tO «(j)pacrnKO xacrµan nou xapaK1qpiss1 KaOs µac; oiavoqnKii EK<Jlavcrt. ti.sx6µacr•E KO.Os KaKo fJ rnKosril,o opo nou µac; (j)OUpv[pEtat UVE~E'tacrrn uru) cruyypa(j)Elc; oi 6notot i1 EzOUV 11 i:rrpsns vu €zouv 'ta anapaii:qrn yA.cocrcrtKa i:(j)68ta. To on Ou £A.Ost T] 'Arnoriµia upy6tspa vu µac; nf\ Ott oi opol aurni !:81iµtoupyr,011KaV «xcopic; •iJv npocri]Koucrav UKpif3s1av Kai i:ov cri;f3acrµ6v rnD cruyxp6vou yA.rocrcrtKou aicrOr,µarnc; 'tWV Kav6vrov ti'\ <; yA.wcrcr1v:; i]µruvn, oi;v naisst Kavtva p6A.o. T6 KaK6 £xs1 Tjoq ylvs1.

xli

pa WtO -rljv rcA.fov E~OVUXlCTTLKll ETWlOAOYLKij, a~tOAOYLKij, Kat optcrµoA.oytKTj CTUCTXETLCTL TC!JV µ£ Ka8i:: aUov opo Tfjc; ~La8ijcri::wc; µfoa

O"TllV OTCOlUV rcpOKf:lTat VU £vmxeouv, Kai µz-ra UTCOXPWCTTLK~ rcapa~OA ll TWV TOCTOV µ£ TU CTUVWVU~La 11 cruyyi::vtKa TWV, 00"0 Kai µ£ tu UVTWVU~La TWV 24• AE~i::tc; rcou ea dcraxeouv cr-rljv ayyALK~ yA.wcrcra µrcopi::l VU rcapeouv area £va ~EVO (apxat:o, crunpovo, i1 Kai arc6~i::vo) Kf:i~Lf:VO, rc.x. arc6 ,, apxara EAAT]VtKa, i1 (mo TU yaHtKa, i1 arc6 Kaµµta OlUAf:K TO teayi::v&v -rfjc; , A<ppLKfjc;, (Kai rnvdc; OEV ea Tic; Tell ((~f:VlKE<;))),

i1 arc6 TO m6µa -r&v uvepwrcwv tou A.aou, ax6µa Kai arc6 ta cr-r6µaw -r&v ~tlj ayyA.oµae&v µi::mvacr-r&v, (Kai Kavdc; OEV ea -r[c; rcfj «xuoai'i::c;))), <ptavi::t vu dvat AE~i::tc; rcou TCAOUT[~ouv T~V yA.wcrcra ~LE TO vu rcpocr<pEpouv Kan ((VEo)), CTE arc6xpwcrt il otaKptTOtT]Ta, cl:J; yv11crt0t «opoo»

24. rta Ya (j)aYfj Ka8apa "CL evvow µf; «E~OYUXlO'ttKl'i eTUµO A.oy1Kfj , a~to/...o

YlKll, Ka i 6pwµoA.oytKl'i O'UO'Xhtcrrn, Sa mipro "CO napcioEtyµa 'tOil opou marketing. Toy Of)OV al:n:o >LEptKOl «ELOlKOi» TOY ExOUY U7toOOO'Et µf; 1:0uc; opouc; «ayopaA.oytUJ) ij «ayopayYrocr[an. "AA.A.ot, bttcrT]c; «EiotKOt», "CO etA.ouy µt TO µHaypaµµattcrµtyo ((µapKH tVyKll, ecropcOYTac; tOY ayyA.tKOY opo aµETU<j>pacr1:0. 'Ano TO EYa >tEpoc; il oo~acr[a Ott µta cdoEUll, Ecr'l'ffi Kai µEta<puteuµEY Tj , OEY anooioE'l'at µ f; opo EAAT]YlKO, ~LaprupsI n/...fjpTj UyVOta tfjc; EAAllYtKfjc;, 'l'OO'O {crroptK&c; 00'0 Kai y/...rocrcroA.oy tKWc;. Ttrota Oo~acr[a dYat Kaeapwc; unOKEtµi:vtKfj, avtl8E'l'Tj npoc; tTiv EAAf]YlKll yA.rocrO'tKii npayµa ttK6trita, Kai cruvrnwc; Kamotrncrtfo. 'Ano "CO O.A.A.o >ttpoc;, fj mo crro1xc1cl>o11c; EpeuYa crTa µeyciA.a ci~tEPLKUVtKa A.E~ tKci, (T6cro nEptcrcr6TEpo nou 6 opoc; O''l'l'iY O'TjµEptYii 'tOU tKOOXll dvm EKU"CO 1:0rc; EKU"CO a~1 Ep1KaYtK6c;), ea 1:0uc; EnEtec ott TO marketing dYm priµattKO lnteE'tO, Kai f:tuµoA.o yi;l'tm ano TO pfjµa market, nou ea nfj <<omettro crTTiv ayopci· 01aetTro npoc; ayopa[a cruYaA.A.ay11· owetnw O''l'O €µn6ptoll, Kai oxt ano "CO OUO'lUO'HKO market, OT'J A. ano tO oucrtacrnKO <<ciyopun, &crtE 'tCt ccayopaA.oy[an Kai <<ayopayYrocrian dvat ciKatciA.A.11A.a, i>1p6croY Pacr[crtTjKaV O''l'llY Ecr<j>aA.~tEYll O.V'l'lAll\Vl Ott marketing ea nfj ccyvwmc; tfj c; ayopac;n. 'H mo O'!OlXELWOTjc; EPEUYa O'TU µEyciA.a ciµEptKaYtKa AF.~lKCt 0A.11c; tfjc; O'Etpi'ic; t&v opwv nou E'l'UµoA.oyoilY'l'at ii e Kcppci~OY"l:Ul µf; Pcicrt to market, ELTE pfjµa El'l'E oumacrnK6, ea 1:0uc; EnEteE Ott oi OPOL nou np61:EtYa (cr'l'OV ccOiKOVO>LLKO Taxuop6->LOll, (j)UAlcO ap1e. 774 Tfjc; 20fj r, <J)i;ppouap[ou 1969), we; (m6oom TWV Mo EYYOLWY rov marketing, ELYat oi ~t6Yot crwcrroi opot, Kai ott marketing, crT1iv yEYLKfj 1:0u cvvow EXEL mut6crJiµo tA.A.qYLKO icroouYaµo to «i>µn6pEomc;>l ( = <<nf.acrciptcrµa crniv a yopcin), O''tTJY ol ELOlK!l, cl>c; 'l'EXYll , O'liµacr[a !OU EXEL "l:UU'l'OO''lµO EAAJlY lKO icroouva>t0 To «i>µnopeucrtµoA.o yia» ( = «crum:qµa Kai µteooo t otaKL vfjcrEroc; TWY U.yaOwv ano toY napayroyo crtoY KataYaA.roTii»)· Kai cr' auTTiv Tl'iY t pµ11Ycia rou UYTLotacrt t A.A.Etm npoc; Tov cruvacp1'j, &A.A.a oxt taot6crqµo , opo merchandising, nou Ou mi «µ£80001 nroA.11crEroc; Ka i crocrtfiµam oiaetcrEroc; t&v ciyaewv crto Kamya/,ronKo KOlYOlJ, Kai nou TOY am\oocra >tl 'l'O ((g>mopoA.oyian. (LlWClWYW Ott TOY opo marketable ano UYEKa8Ev "COV (;xoµE anoo6crEt, noA.0 O'WO''tcl, ~tl TO «lµnopEUO'Lµoc;,oc;,oYn, on6tE tO oucrtacrnKO marketability 8a anoooOfj , no/,0 O'WO'tcl, >LE 'l'O ((€>tnOpEUcrtµ6T1;c;n).

xiii

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Kai -ri c; A.E~w; au-rec; w~yopa ea Tic; rcapouv OL apepoypa<pot -r&v E(jlllµi::piowv Kai -r&v rci::p 0 OtK&v, 11 OL crxoA.tamec; -r&v tT]Af:OTCTLK&v rcpoypaµµarcov, Kai OEV e c &.pyi]crouv vu yivouv KOtVO Ktfjµa OAWV, Ka8' 6-All T~V EKWCTL -rfjc; a'Ji:pa.nric; , Aµi::ptKfjc;, ytu vu rci::pacrouv area EKf:t,

rcpwm CTE Ka8i:: an 11 :i.ilpa rcou sxi::t TU ayyA.tl<U roe; µT]TptKT] il £8vtKi] n1c; yA.mcrcra, Kai KUT 'u CTE Kaei:: a.n,, yA.mcrcra rcou tfjc; A.i::irci::t TO arca

paiTT]TO 1cro00vaµo 25.

i::) .fa11 crucrTT]~ta'Il)!toi1')crt Kai urcoKa-racrwcrt Tfjc; 6poA.oyiac; crrca

viw; £rci::µ ~aivouv em 1:ion:i:c; 11 -ri::xvtKa cruµ~o0A.w il 'AKaoriµii::c;, EK-roe; ci.Jc; dCTTJY TJTE<; 26 • Ttiv ; EAtKTj Kp[m, µi::-ru pacravo -r&v opwv cr-rljv rcpaKHK~ E<papµoy11 TOO<:;. t~V £xouv OL CTUVTUKrn; -r&v ~acrtK&V ei::µi::A.ta-

25. ff aYacptpro 8i»c xapaKtT'JptcrttKci napaoEintaTa. To npwro dYm To miniskirt, 7t0U Kl /iv mi . l va £K7tpocrronfj tl'iY crqµ Ep tvTi µ60a, ExEl EmPciA.Et "CO npGltO cruv8£ttK6 'tOU (mi• i-), roe; 0nOKOPlO'ttK6, µi; 'tiiY EYYOta 'tOU OlKOil µac; ((~tl

KPO-l>, [iJcrtE Ya >tl'i.c; o6crn itva crropo cruµ>t0pcpouc; opouc;, onroc;, n.x. "CO minibus, to ((µ u~rol.Ero1popEio>i , i1 toA.(m:pa, to <<A.ErocpopaciKtll. Alno yta "COY A.6yo ott np6-cr8rnE µtc't. vta EKcppacrnK ~OC1 ll an6xpcocr t nou OEY tTiv EXEL "CO <'mo TU eA.A.T]YlKCt napµi:YO C(µI KPO-)), micro-, m u XP llO'tµonotEl'l'at crf; µta tEAEiroc; ELOLKEUHKTJ 'l'EXYtKTi crqµacr ia. b.EUtEpo napac5:L'(µa ELYat TO µaeriµa'l'tKO googol. ' 0 opoc; a\noc; KaetEr:iJeT'JKE Ct 7t0 TOY aµEptKa"\\J µcr011µanKo 'Eooucipoo KciYYO'Ep, Pacrtcrµ t voc; crtl'iY AE~l uimi nou mu EOWKE di<; cio:avt11crt 6 i>vvrnEt tic; a vE11n6c; wu MiA.wv Itp6na, omY t )v f) cO t qcrE av ~Ef)El nw ' Uy&tat EYac; cpaYmcrttKa µ&yciA.oc; apt0µ6 c; . 'O opoc; cr11->taivc 1, O'll >LEpa, to «µovU:. : iLKoA.oueouµEYll ano 100 µT]OEY!KU)), To Etna «yoyy6A.oc;n. Ko.i «yono/..6nA.Entan cii:oc 'l'O googolplex, nou Ey lYE U7t0 to npG>'tO, Kai ea nfj ((µovuc; uxoA.ouOouµEV'l ci'tO EVa yoyy6A.o µqo EYlKWYll.

26. I' eva ((r/...rocr=p w tfjc; AuwµanK1ic; IrotxEwA.oytKfj c; MEmyroyfjc;ii nou i:~i:OUJKE, to 1962, 1t:J rpacpEto IlpoiinoA.oytcrµou yta XP ficrt tWY (maA.A.fj/...roy 'tfjc; aµcptKaYtKfjc; KUPEP>1crtwc;, 06e11KaY nEpi rouc; 2.000 opot, µa~i ~LE 'tic; £pµ11-VEtEc; trov. IlpoA.oy i~Etat . i; f;~fj c;: (('H 'taXUT'lc; Kai fj aA.A.11/...ouxia µEmPo/...&y nou oivEt ci1popµr, crl yfou<;; · Ot)c; ii cri: yf:i;c; i:pµ11Yd &c; oprov Tfjc; Au1:0µaTtKfjc; Iroti'.Eto/,oy1Kfj; Mnayroy1;r;. cirrattOUY tfiv enaYElAT]µµ i:Yq, Kaei: 'l'OO'O, avaeEWPllO'l 100 mip6vrnc;. Dpoc; cl\,J:t.µETW7tlO'l afrtfjc; tfjc; ananficrcro<;; TO rpa<pEio I1pouno'"Oytcr110v napaKaA.t:i: vu :<Ju; crtEA.vovtm, 6notEof)n01c cic; To >ti:A.A.ov, ta crx6A.ia Kai o i u;rooEi~E tc; naYto: nou ea 'l'O µEtaXElplO'efj, OOO''tE 'l'O napoY rA.rocrcrapto, ucrn:pa U7t0 Tic; anapainc:&c; OlEUPUVO'E tc; ii otopewcrEtc;, ya µnopi:cr EL YU ytYEl PaO' lKO Porie11µail. AUTO frr~Of] KE yta >LLa O'Elpa opouc; i\m A.&yµi:vouc; cino µta emtpomi OK'tO) £µ 7tEtpoyvroµ6 v Kai oriµomwµi;youc; µi; 'l'llY crcppayi8a croPap6TU"C'lc; KpanKi';; imqprn[ac;, Ti Qitoia, oµro<;, sT]ti'i "CTJY O'UYOPOllll naYtoc; nou EXEi Keltt vu m'] ii vc't. napatripi)crE' , AA.A.a Eincl>eqKE crtiiv 'A~LE ptKfj , onou oA.ot ~i:pOUY on 'tL7tO'[C OEY i:mPciA.A.EtUl µ i !pE'l'(j)U, ioiroc; crtfiv yA.cl>crcra Ti 6no[a otapKW<; E~EAlO'O'E'l'at Kai i::~l:fdcm6µEY'l aYan'il'.G<JE!Ul, Kai enicrq<; on, 6croofjnotE µEyciA.oc; Kai tpaYoc; Kal vu Et<Jat, ano Otm ii CtYayYcOplO'l, uncipxEt naYm Kanotoc; CiA.A.oc; nou ta ~EpEl KaA.UtEpa, ano ndpa, 0.7}) Elo tK6trita, i1 Kai ano anA.1; e<j>EUpEtlKO'tll'ta.

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Snrl SnJA.o"{od9 S\pmnrlh9nrl SIJ1 St.olLA.9"{09d9 H.

O.LdY.13:.L :IOd:tlW

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S!?li 'QI\ Sog9di 13Xd'QlLQ 'SOd?rl oyw Ql QlL'Q ''Q"("('Q .Sodig i\01q1iit1di.o -3ll'Q 1n)l rnrodX9u'{l l\ltl\?rf.D1foJog1d)l'Q 131mlL'Q Srn{l)ll<)lmg ~rnumilt9mi l,L 'Srol\?rlooA.ltodu nup S{l)l!Q 'l\o.09di'} 'S{l)3.0'Ql.001LC} S!J,)l1,\.oyod9 S!J)lu

-mil.t9nrl S!J1 nrl?e O"{Q 91 13]JH'Q S1.0ltdl,Lrndnu 1.t1QD n1nw3y31 H,

·S1~?Y l.tl\10)! 1D)l !J,yll7iJ 'Q)lli\3rfol\mdi QlQD 1x l\mLt S9rlmd -01g.oodu SQ)lll3811L'} 9 l\DlQ Srorn1 'A(T)l Slt191g1 l,L ~f Sl.t19101L l,L l\D1903)llg -13~? l\Ol01L9 l\Ql ?li Q01imdo1g.oodlL QO)lll3811L? QOl 0/\3rl9X31d31! od3l

-<]:J.O? 91 l\n191\1A. oyox.09g 91u 1n)l 0.091 '13.onogrlo.o l\nXp S13~?Y S?l -QD Sn.oltdX91\lO)l JO QOlL So1ltl91g1 S!J,1 4 So1Lt19101! s41 1.0(\3)!]\?13~?

l\~Ll ?rl 'S9dm)l 9 3.0QOl\d31L J{l)tig o.oo,. ·mo1i9dnll 'Ql 1D)l '«Lt X01d31L)) '«i\O'(OM).0)) '<mrll..?"(10) '<<Sl.DC\"('f))) '«l\0]\?31L)) '«S'Qrl9)) 'Ql ·X·lL 'S{l)llQ 'S31.D

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-d'Q l\Q?l nrlA.13g'QdDlL 91 SD1i\<])800"(0)l'Q 'S9x11n1il19nrl SoyHrJ o, (J

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Di\~ ~~ 'C\Ol ].Ol.tA.9yo)l1~3y D.0<109g l\Yl ?li odg /\O?i\ Di\?, l\Q09X3g r.>e ~f 1010119 JO Arod>J;Jdkox1~3y AQ:Jl 1.0ndi91L'Q y)l1y31 l\l,t1 ?rl 'Sro1ig 'S{l))dox .1J)l1~3'( ~n 1m393yoog1io.o 'QI\ Soli\odiJ;JdA. 3(J'Q)l ~rn11)m1 L1A9rll1Xdn913u Al,t1.o '.::1dr,iX 'oog'Q"()l QOl QOXl"(C} QO)l1Ao"(1~3'{ QOl rnfad<))lOXlOi\ OlQ?dl!

Ql ?li U8.0li\D<l>D~'} 'Q8 :ro9l,tA01 ·~11\1dro.oodu 5C,P)l113X.o 1D.'\l3 ''QX1~3'{ 'Q)IOJ'(3li38 'Ql.D S310191 SC)) S)3i\DX !Jdg S11 'Q(J QOlL 'S13.0?dJD~? S']XllLOl S?)lnmico1g1 QlL'Q S91)l? ':{l)ng 'DJlLmoyou H, 'l\(91\D)l1d3rl'Q AQ?l 001foy -1~3'( OOl\?liltfoyol\X3l QOl ]DX OO]ko'{1~3'{ (oo.O.O{l)'(A9"(H'Q OO"("(r:J ~~) QO)l li\Dl3dg QOl Q~Dl31i 4 'onp i\Ql.O D?<l>DdHo.o Di\;J l\Ql Qll'Q 'D]ll(ll -O''(OlL l'.llOlL'Q)l 'Qlli '13Xd'Q1LC} 'QS Dli\'Ql! ]D)l '13Xd'Q1LQ SQ?'{ndi.oy, (rn

«<L11?. 'Qx1nmi\(\.o Lr;o> i\D.o3e?12 '(:iAOo :>f::io;:iqug dq1qd) goo9xJ ·a lll'{J'Qdko)l1~ -3'{ i\Cl)i\?liooyoX.onlL'Q 5C,P)l1g)3 )DX i\{l)i\?lfo3Xlg)3 i\(T)\?'Qli\OlD)l? DJ.ODA.d:;i

l\Yl ?li 3Xlt9l,titdo011il1g 'DlDlirl~ty 'QX1.0ng OOO·Qr;p QlL'Q Oi\3li9]11dn1L'Q '«d31.Dl1Ji?OOJ Ol)dJ)> Ql 119 'Drf'{3H'Q1L? OA?ri03)l1g)3 1X9 ]DX 001gou 001 'Ql3'(oog 1DA13 D)dindfox1~3y ~L ug i\(\OJJliOA 0ou SoOAJ3)l? Snow

'Qlit 'Sl.t.oJlL? {l)AC]:J13rll.t1 '996I 1m r;v6I 0~m3li n.o.o<]:JyA. y)l1yH'Q "~11.0 An.ond9l! 0ou Soodg Soo?A S3g"Q1y1X SQ01 QlL'Q SQl)l3dDu '10?1lty31i'Q 1X9 SCLJU3M1.D ]DX 10rnltdXQ3 'Q)l1A3A. lD/\13 'QYY'Q 'mmi<]:J1g1 ?.D /\OOX~l/\'Q QOl! S<lodg '.::3g'Ql/\OlDX} 13.o?e.oodu 'Ae,pdodimg Aroyn Q~Dl31i '13X;i 1DX .r;f76I 91 d31.D1Lli?ooJ -1imdd9w Drllt19dxito.o 91 QlL'Q !J,9031.001iltg 3Xp 0ou

'«S1..oog)l3' .. Dd?W3V 'd3l.oll1i?noJ 001 9x1~3y S?A031V O?N)) 91 QlL'Q S3U'Q.ondnu 'QlDX 13d?<l>mg '996I 91 3)ll.t1931.oorlltg QOl! '«d31.ollli?OOJ -1irndd~w 001 :Lt.o.cC!JYJ S!Jx1yHy, ::y1 Q)lt~3V S?A(l31V O?N 011d.i)) Ql :01001 ro/\<]:J131il.t1 ·mL119)l11nriA.Ddu l,tx1foyornnrllt.o Al,tl.D n.o?rl 0A91i ]D)! 'n11coD9du "Ql Qll~ nd?ll 1n)l {l)?;i '«Soodg)) Sep Soodg S001 AQog 1)0 '7))11~3Y l))llJ1'(31i30 "Ql.D lDl/\0)1.D)dg :{l)lLQ Soodg 13.Dl,tdX: "? Ltg~ SQOl :;11i Mn1 ~1 yogndnll i\~11.0 1D)l 'A009ooyo)lndnu SQ?A1d31il.t9n)l 0ou DA3rl -)3)l ~l.D i\T)l[Jdg QOlL /\(l)dg D)l'(3g S3g'Q1'(1X ?.D 10/\31i9]rnng 'S3)1Drl

-'{3HTJ1L? 10i\?TI03:>!1\?J3 SCJl '119 0A.9y OlDl.OC)O'(lL~ i\Ql "QlJ 'lt(()J,{0'(1~3'{ lf<:Jl. TJn'3(H)XOX10it 5{X3M'i!J ()1. Ott}rfrwunur/t mrtp 5001(/D ,:7 ·od31C]:Jrf

-110d1L i\D.DUd<]:J3(J 001! O'{'Y!;J /\D/\;J ,li 001 ).DDl.D'QlD)lll/\'Q Ai.tl ?li '3)lU0 -<)3LDltdX·9 Sodg SDA;J "'R MO.DJ.DD<l>om;i 1)0 ]OlQD ]XJ){ ·rnLtA.no1i.o1d9 DD

-OO?g /\Lil ?li 01A.n1?3y Ql.D lJeXDli\? 1)!\ 31.D9,) Sorfl.D<]:Jlg lDi\}3 Sodg 9 /\'(?

/\<lODJ.DDdiol!1) 1)0 1010v ·1odi'Qdfox1?3y 10/\?li03)l1g13 SCJl 'AC,9)11~3'( Ae,px

y) To 1;1rnwa tfj<; KUpffim:;w:; cr' l;va opeoA-oyiwtvo Kai bnKatpw

µtvo µae1wanKo A-i:1;tA6yto noU&v KaK&v l1 KaK61;11A-wv opwv noi> OEV l':vapµovit;ovrnt cr' £va crurx,povicrµtvo opoA-oytKO cruyKp6t11µa.

8) To l;l]tT]µa tfj<; cmoo6cri:w<; t&v SEV(J)V ovoµchwv, 07tOlJ TO ovo

~La EXl:l napi:t tl']v efot entei:nKOD 7tpocr8toptcr~LOD.

0u el;i:tU<J(J) ta et~tata auta O<JOV to 8uvatOV 8ti:1;o8tK<i, t6cro

yta vu 8fj 6 i:votacpi:p6µi:vo:; n6cr11 ni:teapxia XPl:tal;i:rni npiv &.rrocpa

cricroµi: on 6 iiA-<pa i1 Pf\ta opo<; i:lvat 6 6po<; 7tOU U7tatTl:l Ti 7tpOKl: l~LE

v11 ni:picrtam<;, O<JO yta vu 8taypa<pODV Kaeapu Ol UPXE<; 7t0U cLKO

A,oue11cra 11 Ta Kpm1pta ~LE ta 6noi:a i:pacr<ivwa Kaei: O.rr68ocri µou.

a) 'H arroqmyit tfi~ rroA.uµi:pda~

ea XPl:ta1;6µouva TO~LOV OAOK),TjpO av l':np6nno vu 86crw 7tA1lP11

Kai ni:ptcrtatcoµtvq 0.vaA-um Tffiv A6ywv l1 t&v P<icri:wv noi> eqti:A-tffi

vouv TOU<; opou<; 7tOU uioeETTj<Ja KaTU tl']V bttl;ijTTj<JL tfj<; arrocpuy~<;

Tfj<; KoeopvtKfj<; rroA-u~ti:pi:la<;, O.A,A,a Kai tOD rci:ptopw~LOD t~<; rc0Au

cr11µla<;.

IloA-u~ti:pi:i:<; opot, crtijv ~tae1wanKij opoA,oy[a ~ta<;, ijtav 800 i:i-8&v. ToD rcpffiwu d8ou<; dvm toD t6rcou «avaA-oy[a)), ~LE Tov 6rcofov

O.rri:8ioaµi: 060 hi:pffivuµou<; &.yyA-tKou<; opou<;, Tov 6po proportion, aA

A-u Kai tov 6po analogy. ToD 8i:uttpou d8ou:; dvm toD t6rrou «µ1ixa

vtKij)), l1 toD t6rcou «oti:pi:uv11Ti]<;)), 6 Koeopvwµo:; t&v 6rcoiwv dvm

O.rt6ppota tfj:; Et<Jt0i:A-tKfj<; l':rci:µpacri:w:; rcpocrffircwv ta 6rcoi:a stpouv,

i1 rcptrci:t vu l;tpouv, ti dvat Kai ti 8Ev dvm crwcrt6, &.Ha l':v8ta<ptpov

tat µ6vo yta tl']v i:uKoA-ia. wu:; Kai 8i:Kapa 8E 8ivouv yta ti1v yi:vtKll

Katavna n1:; 6poA-oyia<; µa:; .

f'ta ti']v opeoA6yTjcrt t&v noA,uµi:pwv opwv tOD rcpffitau d8ou:;

XPl:tU<JtT]KI: apKl:tll Epi:ova <JE TCTJYE<; Kai cruyypaµ~tata, aUu. XPWi

<JTT]KI: aK6µa rci:pwcr6ti:p11 rcpocroxl'] crTo vu l':si:upi:eoDv Kman 11 Aot

Al:KnKoi tUTCOt Ol 6rtofot vu XPT]<JLµorcm11eoDV ffi:; arco86cri:t:; TOD opou

crtl']v OAtyoni:po yi:vtKl:U~LEVTj <JTjµacria TOO. 'H opeoAOYT]<JL<;, O~LW<;,

t&v «Koe6pvwv)) t0D 8i:uttpou d8ou:;, l':sapTihm KaTa eva µi:yaAo

paeµo <'mo tl']v O.rc6<pa<JL TCOU ea napi:t 6 l':mm:ijµwv TCOU KOTCTl:tat yui

ti:; yi:vi:E<; TCOU µiii; UKOAoueoDV on dvat Katpo:; vu <JKl:cpeoDµI: on

8Ev dvat iil;tov £Uijvwv vu cruvi:xit;oµi: ti]v taKnKij Tfj<; bm<il;i:w<;

xlvi

i:vo:; opea 6pwµoA-oy11µtvou opou yta vo11µata <'icrxi:rn, 11 Kat avn

cpa.n KU, µE tl']V KOµrtoytaVVlTlKTj 8tKatOAOyia on «Ti yMicrcra µa:;

8EV oiuetTi:t rtap&. µiav A,£1;,tv 8ta noUu:; rcaparcA.11cria:; i:vvoia:;)), i1 r11v rnKnKl'] tOD «VU µ1'] eiyoµi: TU KaK&:; Kl:l~ti:va)), µf: ti)v TpaytKU.

omcreoopoµtKi) 8tKatoA-oy[a on «ta cruvi:teicraµI:)).

:EE Ti paeµo EXl:L !lrttBA11efj crt11v !lrcicr1w11 6poA-oyia µa:; 6 «ilrti

rnKw:;n opo:; ea cpavfj 6rcou8ijrcoti: crtpa<pll 6 µ1:Ai:tqt11:; vu BPfl

evav «EAAT]VLKO opOl) yta tOU<; XtAlclOI:<; vfou:; opou:; TCOU rcA-o6ncrav

oxt ~t6vo tl']v Erctcrtftµ11 i1 ta i;Awetpta !lrcayytA-µata, TU Tl:Al:Utala

rci:v11vta xp6vta, UAAU yi:vtKU ti)v EK<ppacrt t&v ~top<pwµi:vwv. Ei8t

K6Ti:pa <JTU µae11µanKa dvat a<pUVta<Jta µi:y<iA.o:; O apteµo:; TWV

ETCltUKt(J)V opwv 7t0U xp11mµorcot0DVtat w:; 8TjAWTLKOi ayyA.tKWV opwv

TCOU oxi µ6vo 8EV dvat cruyyi:vtKOi 11 KU.V napanA,ftmot, uA,A.a dvat

i:v rcoA-A.o1:; «bi:pwvuµorn.

'Avacptpw rcapaKatw, w:; napa8dntata, µi:ptKa arco ta croBap6-

ti:pa cruyKpOtijµata U"{YAtKWV Stl:pcOVUµWV ll µi) cruyyi:vtKWV opWV

yta TOU<; 6rcoiou:; exoµi: tOV i'.8to ((E7tttaKt0)) opo <l>:; urco8onKo TWV

i8wntpwv vo11µ<iTwv TWV, yta vu 8i:isw i:nicr11<; Kai rt&:; npocri:rca

eqcra va ope0Aoy11crw tllV noA-uµtpi:t<i too:;. abstraction - subtraction. Kai ta 8uo urci:oi8aµi: ~LE tOV 6pov

«U<paipi:crt:;)). , Acpi VO Vt a<; to <«i<paipi:crt<;Jl w<; un68ocrt tOD KOL VOTl:pOU

&.rco wu:; 8uo ainou:; µaeT]~LanKou:; 6pou:;, toD subtraction, oprna chi;

un68om TOD abstraction to «a<patpl:<Jtal). (!tu to l':ni8i:TO abstract

EXO~ti: to «U<pTJPTJ~Ltvo:;,11,oJJ, rcou 8Ev 0a ~ti.ii; ~mi:p8£\j/i:t ~LE TO «acpal-

pi:m<;>l). analogy - proportion. Kai Ta 8uo arci:8i8a~ti: µE tov opo «&.vaA-o-

yimi. 'Acpivovta<; to «avaA.oy[a)) w<; arc68ocrt tOD KOtV6ti:pou 6pou,

tOD proportion, opwa ffi:; arc68om TOD um) ta EAAT]VLKU napµtvou

opou analogy' to «uvaA6ywt<;>l. To U"fYAtKO by analogy ea to 7tODµI:

«KUT' uvaA.6yt<JLV})' dvat UUTO TCOU Ol VO~llKOi µa:; dnav «KaTU to

avaA.oyov cruA-A.oytcrµOD)). (To proportionality 7tOU TO drcaµi: JCOAAE<;

cpopt<;, KaKffi<; Pi:Bata, «avaA-oyiml, EXl:l (J(J)<Jti) arc68o<JL to «avaA.oyt

KOTll<;)). To ratio i'mo8i8i:rnt µE TO «A6yo<;Jl). analogical - proportional. Ta ani:8i8aµi: µE TO «uvaA-oytK6:;,ft,6JJ.

'Acpivovrn:; TO «uvaA.oytK6<;,l],6ll chi; an68ocrt tOD KOtV6ti:pou 6pou, optcra urc68ocrt TOD analogical, to «avaA.oytaK6<;,l],6ll. YEtcrt to i;n;ip

pT]µa proportionally ea to 7!0D~ll:, (J(J)(JtU Kai A,oytK<i, «uvaA.oytKW<;Jl,

xlvii

8Y]A.. «Kai: ' <iva/..oyiav», &.A.A.a '!O snipp1iµa analogically ea '!O nouµ i; «avaA.oy taKW<;», 11 «Ka'!' avaA.6ytO"LV)). (To bclecto analogous EXEL w; an68ocrt '!O «ava/..oyo<;,YJ ,O,» To Enipp1wa <«'tvaA6yo:q> a rro8i8i:t '!O in proportion to, &.Ha Kai To accordingly. «'Ava/..oytcrnK6<;,i],ov» dvat cm68omc; mu opou actuarial).

rational - commensurable - symmetric. Touc; ~taeriµanKouc; aurnuc; opouc; ani;8[8a~Lc cruvl']eroc; µE '!O «cru~L~lc'!pO<;,Y] ,O)). rta '!O rational o[ apxafot dxav '!O cbpatO'!Ct'!O «EAAoyoc;,oc;,ov», OTC O'!c irrational dvat '!6 «<'iAoyoc;,oc;,ow. Ol µaeriµanKoi µac; '!O dnav Kai «pri'!6<;,i],6». Kpa'!Y]O"U '!ijV an68om «pY]'!O<;,ii,6» yta '!O rational, (Kai arc' aui:o '!O «c'ippY]'!O<; ,Y] ,On yta '!O irrational), am':8ocra '!O commensurable µE '!O «cru~L~Lc'!po;, ri ,on, Kai '!O symmetric '!O dna «crtJ~Lµc'!pLK6c;,1),6» .

magnitude - quantity. Ta ctnaµi: a8taKpiTro; «µeyi:eoc;n , ~i;yi;A.a

crµevot UJtO '!Ct yaUtKU, µE touc; 6pouc; grandeur Kai quantite. Ol ay'{Al.KOi opot si:xropisOV'!at 6ptcrµoA.oytKU, WO"'!c '!O ~LEV magnitude EXcl O"CllO"'!ll &.n68ocrt ~L6vo '!O «µeyi:eoc;», aUa '!O quantity nperr i: t rcavtou Kai TCUVTO'!c va ano8i8c'!Ctl ~lE '!O ((JtOO"O'!Y]<;ll.

arithmetical- numerical - digital. Ta 800 npwrn dxaµi; nfj cl8taKp[mc; «apte~LY]'!LKO<;, i] , 6n, aUa nbpa '!cACU'!Ctia drcaµi; «UpteµY]nK 6<;, 11,o» Kai '!O digital , 8riµtoupyrovrnc; !:wt !:vav «K6eopvo». 'Ecp6crov o[ '!pct<; au'!Oi opot 8EV dvat Kae6A.ou O"lJVcDVlJ~LOt, '!OU<; arre8ocra we; ESfj<; : To arithmetica l, JtOU ea mi «T fjc; ap1eµ11nKfj<; 11 yi:vtKa '!WV aple~LWV)), ~lE '!O «apte~LY]'!LK6c; , i] ,6n, orrro; nperrcl. To numerical , JtOU criiµaiVcl «i:wv apteµ11nKwv cbc; cruµ~6A.wvn, '!O arre8ocra · µE '!O «apteµuc6;, 11,6>>. Kai '!O A.oytcrµY]nKo digital , nou ea nfj «'!WV apteµY]ttKWV \j/Y]cpiwv we; \Jf1lcpirov», '!0 ane8ocra «\j/Y]cptaK6c;, i],6>>.

figure - form - gnomon - model - norm - pattern - scheme - shape -standard - type. I'ta KaVEVaV arr' autouc; touc; 6pouc; 8EV dxaµi; XWptO"'!l'j Kai ei:n!CC't AcStKOA0'{1lµ EVY] arr68ocrt" Kai Jtatyvt8isaµi; µE '!O <<µopcpi]n, To «8taµ6pcpwcrtc;», '!O «crxfjµm>, '!O «rrp6Tunov» (nou EXEL yi vi:t crrocrToc; K6eopvoc;), To «'!unoc;n (aUoc; µcya A.oc; K60opvoc;), Kai ta nap6~LOta, GE cruvi:xfj KAU8rovtcr~to cr' Eva ne/..ayoc; acruvi;vvoricriac;. :fal'jv opeoA6YY]O"L '!fj<; 6poA.oyiac; µou Optcra '!O «crxfj~La» we; CtJtOKActO"ttKl'j an68ocrt '!OU figure, &AA.a '!O UJtO '!Ct apxat:a napµ evo scheme nou ea Jtfj «cruv8uacrµoc; i1 8tarnst<; O"'!OLXciwv· cru~mA.i;yµa nou {movoi;l 11 anoKaA.un'!c t µt a crucrtriµattKl'j crxi:8toA.oyian, Kai crovi:n&c; 8Ev dvat Kae6A.ou crovrovuµo µE '!O «crxfj~La», '!O ane8ocra. ~LE '!OV 6po «8tacrx11µa». («I:xriµancrµo c;» dvat To µaeriµattKo configuration). To

xlviii

t ype, JtOU ea Jtfj ((EVU UJtO '!Ct avnKciµi;va µtac; Ka'!riyopiac; f] µtac; O~LU-Ooc; nou µrropct va ei:wp11ef\ cbc; '!O xapaKtY]ptcrttKO f] avttnpocrroitcu---ruco cl8oc;, f] cbc; np6'!llrro '!WV avttKi:tµi:vwv Tfjc; Kai:riyopiac; f] Tfj<; .Oµa8oc;», rrpeJtcl va &rro8i8i;-rat &.rcoKActcrnKa Kai µ6vo ~LE '!O (('!UJtoc;w ;icai '!O (('!UJtOc;» 8EV 7tpEJtct UJtO Kavevav 6po va XPYJGtµorcot fjrnt cbc; <tin68omc; mu form. To form, roe; µaeriµattKo<; 6poc; EXct µ6vo µiav •an68ocrt, -ro «µopcpi]», nou dvat, cre noA.Ai:c; rri:pm-rrocri:tc;, cruvffivoµo µi; '!0 «cp6pµa.» -rfjc; 8riµonKfjc; . Tov opo shape, JtOU EXEL icro80vaµo <(;'!llV 811µottKl'j TOY opo «crouA.oumn, cbc; µaeriµanKoV 6po npi:rri;t va --rov si::xropisoµi; UJtO '!0 µij cruvcbvoµ6 '!OU ((~lOpcpij)l" yt au-ro mi '!0 <&.ne8oaa µE '!OV 6po «8taµopcpfp>. («lltaµ6pcprocrtc;» i:lvat µia arro Tic; <rY]µacrii:c; '!OU opou formation). '0 µrixavoti;xvtKo<; 6poc; pattern, (nou ;()f;y d va.t O"lJVcDVtJµo, we; µae11µa.nKo c; opoc;, µE '!Ct «l'.m68i;tyµa, 7tpO'!UJtOV, -rl'.moc;, 8i;1yµa, µoV'!EAO)) '!OU AcSlKOU '!OU «'08ucrcrero;n), JtpETCcl va <Uno8i8ctat µi: vfo xapaK'!ll ptCT'!lKOV 6po, yt aU'!O Kai '!0 am':8ocra µE 'C OV opo «8ta~L6pcproµa>>. To «(yi;wµi:tptKOc;) yvffiµwv» ano8i8ct '!OV 6po :gnomon, aUa «yvffiµrovn i'j «v6p~ta» dvat 6 6poc; JtOU, arro8~8~L '!O norm. "Ocro yta -ro standard, nou i:xi:t yivi: t neTpa crKav8a/..oo, i:cpocrov ,8EV nperrct Ka'!U Kaveva '!pOJtO VU ano8[8i;rnt µE TO <mp6'!tJJtOV», '!O -0.m';8ocra µE '!OV 6po «UJtO'!llJtOV)). Tov 6po <mpO'!lJJtOV)) npeJtcl va "XPTJcrtµonowuµi; anoK/..i:tcrnKwc; yta TO ~meri~tanK~ ~ J.LTJxavo-ri:xvi: XO model, UAAU '!OV 6pov aut6, cbc; KaAAt'!cXVLKO T] 8tacpY]~Ltcr'!lKO .Opo, 8a '!OV nouµi; «µ08£/..0», i'j «~LOV'!EAO». (~::xi:nKa µE Tic; urro86cri:tc; WU Emeernu standard ea µt/..i]cro~Lc 8ti:so8tKwc; mo KU'!Cll).

formal - typical. Ta 800 auta Erriei:ta, nou 8EV dvat Kae6A.ou <JUVWVUµa, '!Ct arri;8[8aµi; ~LE to «tOJtLK6c;,l'],6», £cp6crov, 6m:o; ctJta mo ·mivro dxaµi; µrci:p8e\j/cl ta voi]µam tOU 6poo form. To srriec'!O ((tlJ-1ttK6~, l'],o» nperrct va ano8i8ct ~LOVO to srriei:to typical. I'ta '!O EJti~c'!O formal ea npi:ni;t va µi:;i;aXcLptcreouµi; 800 8wcpopcttKa srri0i:ta, "1:0 (( ~L0pcptK6c;,i],o», Kai to ((EJtituno;,Y],O». To ((~topcptK6c;,i],o» ea ~o -xprim~torcowuµi: 6nou8i]notf: f;xi:t to v6TJ~LU 10u <mou ~q>o,p~ -cTJ~ :µopcplj, Kat' uvi:Wccrt npo; '!ijV uA.ri i1 '!0 JtcplcXO~LcVO». M aO.tY]V t~ f3acrt ea npeni:t va. /..eµi; «µopcplK~ AO'{lKij» yta to formal log1c, (rnt .0Xt «'!lJJtLKl'j A.oytKi]»). ' EnicrY]c; Sa A.tµi; «~topcptcr~t6c;n, f] Ka/..u-ri:pa «cl.-0oµopcptcrµ6c;», -ro formalism, yta vu to si:xropicro~Lc arro i:ov vfo µa(lT]µanKo 6po morphism, «µop<pLK&;» Tl «EJtltUTCro<;» (Kai ~i;~aiw; OXL -<<tumK&<;») To formally, «µopcpis(J))>, f] «d8oµopcpisro», to pfjµa formalize, Kai «µ6pcptm;», f] «ci80µ6pcptmc;n, '!O formalization. ('H ayj'AlKl) an68ocrt<; '!OU KOLVOU (('!UltlK&c;», to_ 6rroio 8£v ctVat µae1iµatt-

xlix

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opo «UrtOt(m:coµa» (Kai, 07tOU rtponµ6tepo, µE TO «U7tOTU7tffi(jL<;»). «'YrtotU7tffiCH<;» arrooioeL aµforo; tov opo plotting, rtou dvm cruyyevLKO µE tov 6po charting, rrou to (.mf:oocra µE to <<xapn1cn:;» (~ Kai «xaptoypa<p11cn;»). Kai mapping EXEL w; art6oocn to «etKOVLCH<;» (ii Kai «UrtELKOVLCH<;»), (µE EvaUayi], 07tOU Ct.rtatTeltat, µE to «etKOVLcrµ6:;»).

inflow-outflow - input-output - intake-exhaust. Ta e'lrtaµe ti<; rrepLcrcr6tepe:; <popE<; «etcrayroy~ - El;ayroy~». «Eicrayroy1) - el;aywyh» dvat, KUpiro;, £µrtopLaKO<; opo;, Kai artooioeL TO import - export, aUu Kai

to importation - exportation. To inflow - outflow EXEL crrocrTij Ct.rt6oocr1 µ6vo to «dcrpoi] - f:Kpo~» (arro To «poi]» rrou eivm an6oocrL<; rnu flow). To intake - exhaust tfi<; <pUCHKfi; rtpErtEL va anoo[oeTat ~LE to «dcrooxii - EK~oA.i]», 7t0U elVat mo UKpl~OAOYTJµEVO U7t0 to ofieev (j(i)(jTO «dcrayroyi] - £1;ayroy~». To o[Kovo~nKo Kai A.oyLcrµTjttKo input-output rtpf:rteL va anoo[oetat µE tO «etcr<popa - EK<popa» (ii Kai µE to cruvcilvuµ6 rnu «dcrKoµLoij - eKKoµLoip>). Tov A.oyLcr~LllttKo 6po input-output analysis ~mopouµe, twpa, va tOV U7tOOOC10~Le µE TO «etcr<popoeK<pOpLKij avaA.ucrL<;».

administration - management - organization. Tou:; tpeI:; autouc; opou:; EXOUµe µrtepOElj!EL C1E C1Tjµe'lo a<paVtaGtO, crno ti]v E7ttµov~ µac; vu ayvoouµe ti]v tEXVOAOYTJ~LEVll E7ttKaiprocn TOU 6pou «Otaxeiptcrt<;>> 7tOU dvat cruµ<pffiVTJ Kai µE tO v61iµa TOU 'AcrnKOU KcilOLKO<;. 'O 6po~ «opycivrocn:;», (Kai w; TEXVTJ 6 6po; «opyavronK~»), arrooioouv cirtoKAetcrnKG.l; Kai ~16vo tov 6po organization, &crre OTJ~noupyou~te !:vav Koeopvo av Kai 6tav tOV µernxe1p1t;6~LaGTE (Ertfjpeacrµf:vot arto ti]v acrtOXTJ an6oocrt tOU scientific management, C1E «opeoA.oyLKij opyavrocrt<; tfi; epyacriac;») w; an6oocn tou management. '0 6po:; management EXEL ~Lia µ6vo crwcrn1 EAA11VLKij U7tOOOC1l, to ((Otaxeiptcnc;>> (Kai, we; tEXVTJ, to «owxeiptcrnK~»). Tov 6po money management Kata Eva ~LOVO tp6rto ea tOV artoo6cro~Le. Me to «owxeiptcrL<; xp~µa

to<;» (Kai, w; tEXVTJ, ~L E t6 «OtaXEtptcrnKh XP~µarnc;»). Kat' avaA.6-ytcrt ea 7tOuµe «Otaxeiptcn:; frnopptµatWVll (Kat «cl7tOpptµattKij OtaXEtptcrttKij») to tEXVtKO waste management. 'O 6po; management avn-8tacrtf:Uetat rtpo:; to administration. Kai administration EXEL ~Lia µ6-VTJ UKpt~oA.oyTjµf:va GWCTTij art6oocn, to «OlOlKTJCHc;» (Kai we; tEXVTJ, tO <<OtOtKlltlKl)»).

businessman - entrepreneur. Ta A.t~1e Kai ta ouo «emxetpfJµaT[ac;». 'AA.A.a oi ODO ayyA.tKOi 6pot OEV elvat TUUT6C1Tj~L0t. <<'Emxetpfjµat[a<;» dvat ~LOVO 6 entrepreneur. fta 10V opo businessman 6pLcra, <b:; autoVOTJtTJ art6bocn, to «Epyacnapx TJ<;».

Iii

automation - manufacturing- mechanization- indusl1 iali;:,ation. 01. opot aurni. btapKcO<; µm;pbEUOUV tou:; apepoypa<pot>; tcOV f:~fo:1abtatWV i'j ~LllVtuiwv rrept08tK&v ~ta<;. 'O 6po:; automation het crwcrti] U.rr68ocrt to <<UUtoµatTjCHc;>>, OXl 1"0 «G.tnoµancrµ6<;». «Atnoµattcr~to:;» elVat 10 ayyA.tKO automatism, 7tOU eu. rti'j «µ11xavtKi] 11 UKOt>cria 8pi'icrt<; ii evf:pyetu 7t0U elVat art6ppota rraeijcrero;, ch:; £rtaK6A.oueo emA.11\j/la<; il uA.A.11:; µop<pfj<; avoia<; fj 7tUpavoiai;». Industrialization 0a rti'j «Ote0puvcrt<; 'l"i'j<; ~LOPllXaVia<; ~Lti'i<; Xffipa<;, µf: C1K07t0 Va yl VEl rtpuHcUWV tOµeu<; •fi<; £0vtKfic; otKovo~Lia:; 111:;», Kai cirro8i8etat, cruvrn&;, ~t6vo µe to <<eK~tOµTJXUVTJCH<;>>. To mechanization 0u rtfi «Ti 6cro TO 8uvato 11:AllpfotEpTJ U1tOKatUGtaC1t<; ti'j<; XEtpWVaKTllCfi<; i'] UrtO/:;UytaKfi<; f:pyacria<; µE µllxavtKE<; i'] PTJX.UVTJµanK e<; 81a81rncrie:;», &crre rtpf>rtet vu cirto8i8erm µE •o <<£Kµ11xavTjcn<;». "Ocro yta tov 6po manufacturing, (yta •o orroio •o Ael;tKO tou <<'08ucrcrf:w;n ~Lu<; 8i vet cirt68ocn to «KatacrKeui1»), aUa 0a mi <<~t0µ11xavtKll KataGKeDTJ, ~LctaC1KeDTJ, ll µeta7t0t11C1tc;>>, Ertperte va ~pe0i'j vfo<; ciKpt~oA.oy1iµf:vo<; 6po:;. ''Ernt 1"0 artf:8ocra µE 1"0 «Bt0~LTJX<iv11cnc;», 6rt6Tc manufacturer dvat 6 «Bt0µTj

xaVTJ1"TJc;>>. «Bt0µiJxavo<;» dvat 6 industrialist. efficiency - performance. Tou:; 800 aurnu:; 6pou:; 8tapK&<; euTe

A.it;oµe µE (.mo86cret<; <b<; ta cccm68ocrt<;», «cirto8onK6tTj<;», «8pacrrnc6-1Tj<;», c<iKav6t11<;», Kai tU. nap6µota. Mia &.no ti<; EVVO te; tou 6pou performance dvm «fi frnv6n1:; npaniatchcre(i); il f:rtneMcrew; tvo:; Epyou· loiro:;, ii tKaVO'l"TJ<; &.rto86crero;». "Etm npsrtet VO, arto8i8etat µE 'l"OV 6po «U7tObOttK6t11:;n. To efficiency 6pit;etat w:; «[KaVOtll<; rtapaywyi'j<; f:m0up11troV cirroteA.ecrµUtWV µf: ti]V £A.axicrt11 bUVUtll bartUVTJ f:vepyeia<;, xpiJµato<;, fi UAtKWV», f:rticr11:; bE Kai w; ((O LKOVO~ltKll rtapaywytK6n1:;n. To O.rtf:8ocm ~LE tOV opo ccem8onK6t11;». «'Avem8ottK6tTJ<;l> dvm 'l"O inefficiency, Kai tov 6po inefficient performance 0u 'l"OV nouµe «UVerttOOTtKll U.rto8onK6tTj<;». (<<L'ipacrnK6t1l<;» U.7tob[Oet 1"0

effectiveness). function - operation - performance. 'E8& to performance EXct te-

A.eiw<; 8ta<popettK1l i::vvo1a cirto £Kei.v11 Tfi<; rrpofJyou~1f:vTJ<; rrapaypa<pou, Kai 0ci nfj «ii cino8ottK6tll<; ti'\<; /,enoupyia:;, rr.x. f:vo:; ~111xav~µato:;». To cirrf:oocra ~LE •ov 6po «A.ettoupytK6tTJ<;». 'O 6po<; operation dvat 11:0AUG11~LO<; opo:;. 0u m'j «ErttXeipTjcr t<; >l crt&. ~lllXaVOTEXVtKU µa011µatlKU, 11 mi]v rroA.eµtKll ti'.:xv11· 8&. rtfi cmpu~ t:;n cr•a. 0ewp11nKa µa011~w.nKa. 0ri ni'j «EYX,eip11cn<;>l GtllV iatptKll" yev tKU. 8&. mi «8p1icn<;» ii ((EVEpyeta». "faijv cruaxenKij GtO cruyKpOtTjµa auto C11l~LUcria tOU 0u rti'j « •p6no:; i1 µE0o8o:; A.et toupyia:; ft f:vepyeia<;l>. IloA.A.oi. to ci.rrf:8ocrav

!iii

µi:; T~V ?po «EKµ1miAA.EUcrtc;», i:vac; opoc; nou anooiost KUpiwc; TO explo.1tatton . I't auto TO cim':oocra µi; TOV opo «ASLT06py11crtc;>>. To funct1011 anooiosrnt, 11:0AU (J'(J)O'TU, µi; TO «AStT06py1iµa)) O'TiiV 8tnA.fl TOU cr1iµacr[a, ((Upµo8t6H]T£c;)), Kai ((Kaei]KOVTa)), LTCt µae1iµarn<:a 6 o~oc; function ea. nfj «<nwapn1mc;>1. 'An' auto 6 vfoc; opoc; functor ea ano8o8fj µi; tov opo <muvapµa)).

. e~rnings - gain - pay - profit. Tiiv urr6oocrt <(KEp8oc;)) nspt6pwa (J'T~V- ayyA.tKO opo profit, ana. we; arr68om TOU gain, TO 6nofo ea. nfj ((TO smnp6cresTO KEp8oc; A6yq:i i::rrausi]crswc; Tfjc; ai;iac; £voe; ayaeou, roe; 8ta<popa ~lSTaSU Tfjc; nµiic; ayopcicrµaTO:; Kai Tfjc; i::mtsuxesicrqc; nµ1'jc; nro/1. i]crsroc;)), 6ptcra to ((ErrtK£p8sta)). To cpoporsxvtKo capital gains ea. arro8oefj µi:: TO ((KS<paA.ataKii ErrtKEpOSta)). 'O aµsptKaVtKoc; opo~ pay, rrou ea. nfj ((ii 11:A.11pwµTi tl)v 6rroiav OtKalOutm va A.ciPst Kavs[c;)) 11:~E11:Sl v~ arro8iosrnt µi:: TO £AA.qvu<:o UVTtCTTOtX6 TOU ((cl11:0A.apij)). Kai ~'.an?A.aPsc;>>, (crt?v nA.rieuvrn<:6), µi:: £pµ11vsia «ano8oxec;, £Lcro811~1am, 1l KSpo11)), a11:0818st TO aµsptKaVlKO earnings.

cu~re,~cy - nioney. "On:wc; ea. 011 Kavcic; rrapaKoA.ou86Jvrnc; TU Kslµsva TWV SYKUKAOITatOWDV µac; ll Tic; apepoypa<pisc; TOU -rt'.Jnou oi OUO <lUTOi opot zxouv naesi 11:A.i'1p11 CTUYX!O'l. Tov opo «XPflµa)) ndsrrst va. nspwpicro~is O'TO va cirro8i8Et µ6vo TOV opo money, ~Lt 6ptcr~l0 '[0 ((Q n ~p11crtµ~11:010uµs we; µfoo cruvaAA.ayfjc; 11 we; ~lETpO aslac;>>. Kai .~v ()~O ((VOµtcrµa», µi; 6ptcrµo TO «o,n £xs1 m':pacrq we; ysvtK&c; ano8SKTO

J.lS~O ~uvaAA.ayfjc;· o,n KUKAO<popsi' we; xpfjµa, cruµrrsptA.aµpavoµtvou ~a~ TOU 1tlO'T(J)TlKOU i1 TOU A.oytCTTlKOU XPiJµaTOc;», ea. nspwp[cro~ts <lie; (l.~O~OO'L T~U currency. (To «KUKAO<pOpta>l UITOO[ost arrA.&c; Kai µ6vo -ro circulation).

. notat~on - writing. Ta arrs8i8a~tE Kai Ta 860 µi:: TO «ypacpi1n. Iw:'TO:sp~ SlVat ~a ~<ps8~ TO ((y~a<p1.1>> ci>c; an68ocrtc; TOU ayyA.tKOU writing, a~A.~ v~ ppEe11 vwc; opoc; yta tO notation. I't auto Kai TO arr£8ocra ~s TOV opoN ((CJ'qµE1oypa<pi]». (Il]µStcOV(J) on TO rpacpi], µi:: y KS<paA.afo <lVTlO'TOlXSl npo:; TO ayyA.tKO Scripture). '

impac:- shoe:>:. :rouc; Opouc; auTOi.Jc; Tfjc; PllXaVOtSXVtac; TOUc; arr£OLOaV cruv118w:; µE TO «Kpoumc;J>. 01 opot 8i::v dvm Ka86A.ou O'UVcOVUµot. To «Kpoucrtc;» nptrrst va arro8i8s1 µ6vo TOV opo impact (µi:: i:rrf-GsTO ((Kp0UO'HK6r .,, ' ' ' . e ' . '

, " ,;'''''0)) ~W Ta Sm SnKa impact Kai impactive). I'ta 'TO'V ,o~o sho~k optcra µovq Kai U11:0KASlO'TLKii arr68ocrt '[O (()'[AflStc;» (~s ~mes:o TO ((~Al~KTLK6c;,i],6»). ''Etcrt TOV opo impact strength ea. TO~ anoo~OO~lS ~ls 'TO «KpoucrnKii avwxi]», a),A.a TOV opo shock wave nprnst va 'TOV ano8i8oµs µ6vo µi:: TOV opo «11:Al]KHKOV Kuµa».

liv

salary- (.r;age(s). '0 opoc; salary, 11:0U ea nfj «ll ETllO'la, ~ll]Vtaia,

ll 8srnnEvei]µEpl] aµotP1) f] anosriµirocrtc; 'TOU unaUl]AtKOU npocrro-1ttKOU», ano8i8s-rat noA.u crrocr-ra µi:: -ro «µtcre6c;». 'AAA.a ytci -rov opo wage(s), µi:: KUplO 6ptcrµ6 TOU -ro «ii XPliµanKii aµotPll TOU i:pyci-roUJ> (nou avnotaO'TEAASTUt npoc; TO «µwe6c;»), crrocrtil urc68ocrtc; 8i::v {map~ 'X,Sl. rt auto optcra we; an68ocri TOU to «i::pyoµicretoVl). , Arc' auto TO <<T]~tspo~tfoetov» Kai to «wpo~ticrewv>> rcspwpisOVWt, orcw:; rcpETCEL, crta <<T]~tEpf]crtov i::pyoµicrewv», Kai «cbptafov i::pyoµicrewv».

natural - physical. Ta ano8i8oµs µi:: '[0 «<pUcrtKoc;,11,6», WO'tS £rrps-1tS va opeoA.oyrieouv. ~E-rcrt, a<pivov-rac; ma -ro «<pUcrtK6c;,i],o» vu drcooi8Et anoKA.stcrnK&c; Kai µ6vo -ro £rcieETO natural, cr-riiv ysvtKii <Jl]~tacria 'rOU «tfjc; <pUO'SOJc;», rcp6crescra tiiV arr68ocrt (((jlUO'LOYVOJO'nK6c;, 11,6», crti]v ·cr11µacr[a tOU <CTCOU a<pop~ n)v yvc.Ocrt 11 EITlO'tllPll -rfjc; UAt-1Kflc; cpucrsroc;)), £n(crric; we; an68ocrt mu natural. ' AA.A.a £rrpsrcs va uioiestficrw UKptPoA.oy1iµ£vov opo UTCOOOnKO tOU £me8rnu physical, orrou ()i, an:o86crstc; (((J'OJµanK6c;,i],o)) Kai ((UAtK6c;,11,o>> n:ou XP110'tµorrotou:µs yta 6ptO'~lEVcc; tpµl]VstEc; TOU 1']wv UKUTciA.A.11/...sc;. "facrt u1oetrricra 'COY opo «<pUO'tKLK6c;,i],6)), ~tf: optcr~to <m'jc; <pUcrtKfjc;, we; £mcrtf]~1 11c;

1tOU £psuva ti]V VSKpU <pucrt, i8iroc; -rflc; uA.11c; crtiiV crxsncr[ tl]c; µi:: -riiV .i:vtpystm>. M' auti::c; -ric; P<icrstc;, '[0 natural sciences ea. a11:08091'j µi:: TO «<pumoyvrocrnKi::c; i::mcr-rfl~tsc;)), &Hu -ro physical sciences ea arro8o0fj :µf: TO C<<pUcrtKLKEc; EmO'tflµEc;», otaV 0 opoc; 11:Spl0ptsi>tat cr-ric; yupW UITO "'tijV <pUO'tKii ETClO'tflµsc;, UAAU µnopoU~lS VU to arco86croµs Kai ~LE to «uA.oyvwcrnKi::c; £mcrtflµi>c;)) owv ii ZKtacrtc; tOU uyyA.tKOU opou &,<pop~

-OA.ov tov uA.tKo K6crµo. To £rciesrn «<pUcrtK6c;,i],o» 8i::v nptnst ~tf:

t<:avsva -rp6rco va XPl]O'tµonOtl]efj cbc; arc68ocrtc; TOU physical. rta to tniesro physical ea. EXO~lS tc.Opa -rpstc; arro86crstc;, a) to ((UAtK6c;,i],6)), orcou dvm cruvrovww µi:: -ro material, n.x. crt&. «uA.tKii 8tcicrtacrtc;)) yta -ro physical dimension, f] «uA.tKoc; K6cr~t0c;)) ytu to physical world, Kai -ru nap6µota· ~) to «crroµanK6c;,i],6>>, onwc;, n.x., crto <ccrroµanKii dyroyij)), we; UTCOOOcrt tOU physical culture· Kai y) to C<<pUcrtKtK6c;,11,6>h -Otav ea nfl «tflc; <pUcrtK1"jc;)), orcroc;, n.x., cr-r&. physical units, Kai physical constant, nou ea. nptn:st v&. TU arco8l8oµE µi:: TU (((jlUO'lKtKtc; µovcioEc;l> (f] <cµovaosc; tflc; cpucrtK1'jc;»), To npwrn, Kai «<pUO'lKtK1) crwespfo>, to SsutEpo.

statical - structural. I't&. -ro £rciesrn structural xp11crt~1orrol11eqKs 1'£VtKa to «crtanK6c;,i],6», Kai Twpa TsA.wraia Kai -ro c<ooµtK6c;,i],6». '((LtanK6c;, ll,O)) np£nst va ano8toEt r µ6vo '[0 statical (Kat' UV'rlOlCt(J'tOAll npoc; to «8uvaµtK6c;,i],6», dynamical). To «8o~nK6c;,i],o» npt-

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«PacrtK6:;,i],6v», ((Q"l)V11811:;,11:;,s:;», Kai 'TU nap6~tota. Kavtva:; oµw<;. an' auwu:; wu:; opoD:; otv dvat crrocr16:;, onro:; 8u OOO~LS napaKU'!(l).

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s) To oucrwcrnKO standard, 8u rci'j <<a, PacrtK6:;, v6µt~LO:;, 11 Q"l)~L~a'ttKO<; Tuno:;· Ka,i p, £rcb11~t1l 11 crDµPanKi] {moostyµanK11 Pcim:;)), dbtK6Tspa oµro:; 8u rcfj <CtOSWOc<; Kpnijpto ESatpcnKO'!ll'TO<; TCOU i:zst '!S-8i'j cb:; urctpww rcapaostyµa rcpo:; µiµ11crt)). M' auct:; Ti:; EVVOts:; dvat napciA.oyo VU 'TO UTCOOtOO~lS ~Li; 'TU «Turco:;, KaVffiV, µtcpOV ( crllyKpiO"!:(l)<;), i':rcircsoov, crcci8~t11)), t] «Pa8µo:; (&.sia:;), not6"C11:;)), wo AsS,tKol> wo cc'O<>Dcrcrtro:;)), t] µt "CO cmp61Drcov» "CWV £mcr"C11µovtKci:lv Kct~ttvrov

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11) To i':rci8sw standard µrcopst KciA.A.tcrm vu arcooo8fj µt "CO i':rci-8s"Co «UTCO"Cl)TCO<;,T],0)) at OAS<; Ti<; 1Ccptn'!cDO"ct<; TCOU 0 opo:; cr11µa[VSt

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SOURCES

BOH0HMATA

Fun k & Wagnalls - NEW STANDARD DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. New York & London, 1943.

Webster' s NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY, Second Edition, 1945. Merriam - Webster.

Webster' s THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY OF THE E GLISH LANGUAGE, Unabridged. Merriam - Webster,

1966. MATHEMATICS DICTIONARY, edited by (Glenn) JAMES and

(Robert C.) JAMES. 3rd Edition. D . Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1968. .

INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.

The CRESCENT DICTIONARY OF MATHEMATICS, by William Karush. The Macmillan Company. New York, 1962.

The UNIVERSAL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF MATHEMATICS. Simon & Schuster, 1964.

The WORLD OF MATHEMATICS, Edited by James R. Newman. Volumes I - IV. Simon & Schuster, 1956.

MODERN MATHEMATICS FOR THE ENGINEER, Edited by Edwi n F. Beckenbach. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1956.

DICTIONARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS FOR AEROSPACE USE. ational Aeronautics and Space Administration . Washington,

D. C., 1965.

HAN DBOOK OF MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS with formul as, graphs, and mathematical tables. U .S. Department of Commerce, Na tional Bureau of Standard s, 1966 (Fifth Printing).

Clll

Automatic DATA PROCESSING- GLOSSARY. Executive Office of the President, Bureau of the Budget. (Reprint) 1966.

MATHEMATICS, by David Bergamini and the Editors of LIFE. Life Science Library. Time, Incorporated, NEW YORK, 1963.

THE ENGINEER, by C. C. Furnas, Joe McCarthy, and the Editors of LIFE. Life Science Library. Time, Incorporated, NEW YORK, 1968.

NUMBERS & SUCH, by A. N. Feldzamen. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1968.

Van Nostrand's SCIENTIFIC ENCYCLOPEDIA. Fourth Edition. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1968.

Funk & Wagnalls NEW ENCYCLOPEDIA. Volumes 1 - 25. New York, 1972.

McGraw-Hill ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York, 1971.

THESAURUS OF ENGINEERING TERMS. Enginee rs Joint Council. New York, 1964.

The RANDOM HOUSE DICTIONARY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE. The Unabridged edition. Random House. New York, 1969.

ILLUSTRATED WORLD ENCYCLOPEDIA, Woodbu ry, New York, 1972. Volumes 1 - 15.

SAFEGUARDS DICTIONARY. United States Atomic Energy Commission. Washington. D. C., July, 1971.

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The NEW ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA , (15th Edition), 30 Volumes, 1974.

civ

ABBREVIATIONS

~YNTOMHMATA

Arr A., English usage. AEPO~., Aerodynamics. AEP(Oil)., Aviation. AKOYLT., Acoustics. AAr., Algebra. AMEP., American usage. API0., Arithmetic. APXIT., Architecture. ALTP., Astronomy. ALTPO., Astrophysics. AL., Insurance. AL.MA0., Actuarial Mathemat

ics. ATM.OilT., Atmospheric Optics.

BIOA., Biology. BAHT., Ballistics.

r EnrP., Geography. rEQ~., Geodesy. rEQA., Geology. rEQM., Geometry.

8., see. ~HMOrP., Demography. ~HMOLIOrP., Journalism. MALT., Space Science. ~IALT.MA0., Space Mathematics. ~ YN., Dynamics.

EAA., Greek usage.

EMIT., Commerce. EMl1.MA0., Business Mathemat

ics.

HAEK., Electricity.

0EPMO~., Thermodynamics. 0EQP.AP., Theory of Numl:::e rs. 0EQP.LYN., Theory of Sets.

KINHM., Kinematics. KOINQN., Sociology. KPYLT., Crystallography.

AOr., Logic. AOr.1110., Calculus of Probabil

ity. AOrILM., Computer Science.

MArN., Magnetism. MA0., Mathematics. METAA., Metallurgy. METEQP., Meteorology. MHX., Mechanics. MHXT., Engineering. MHXT.MA0., Engineering Mathe-

matics.

NA YT., Navigation. NAYTAL., Marine Insurance.

CV

OIK., Economics. OIK.MA0., Financial Mathematics. OIIT., Optics.

IIA0., Pathology. IIAALM.YL, Plasma Physics. IIOAIT., Politics. IIPOB.rEQM., Projective Geome

try. IIPOOIIT., Perspective. IITOA.ALTP., Ptolemaic Astrono

my. IIYP.<llYL., Nuclear Physics. IIYPAYA., Rocketry.

PA~., Radio. PAMENT., Radar. PIMTEQM., Riemannian Geome

try.

LEILM., Seismology. Ll~HP., Railroads. LTAT., Statistics. LTPA T., Military Science. LWt., LYM., symbol. LYMB.AOr., Symbolic Logic. LYN., synonym(s).

cvi

LXE~., Drawing, Drafting. LXET. 0EQP., Relativity Theory.

TEXN., technical term. THAEM., Telemetry. THAEOII., Television. THAE., Telephony. TOIIOrP., Topography. TOIIOA., Topology. TPAI1.MA0., Banking Mathemat

ics.

Y ~POrP., Hydrography. Y ~PO~., Hydrodynamics.

<DIA., Philosophy. <DY~::., Physics. YL.XHM., Psysical Chemistry. YLIOA., Physiology.

XAPTOrP., Cartography. XHM., Chemistry. XPHMAT., Securities Exchange. XQPOM., Land Surveying.

'PYX., Psychology. ':I'YXO., Psychophysics.

Εθνικόν και Καποδιστριακόν Πανεπιστήμιον Αθηνώνusers.uoa.gr/~nchilak/vivlio/Parts/01 Prologos.pdfI . ENGLISH -GREE!( DICTIONARY OF PURE AND

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