Odonata VáVžky Rozšírenie: Európa: 128 druhov na Zemi: cca 5 300 druhov na Slovensku: 76 druhov Vážky (ODONATA)

Odonata

VáVžky

Rozšírenie:Európa: 128 druhovna Zemi: cca 5 300 druhovna Slovensku: 76 druhov

Vážky (ODONATA)

Rad:Odonata

Anisozygoptera

Zygoptera(damselflies)

Anisoptera (dragonflies)

3 podrady

Japonsko, Nepál

Life History• Good fossil record, 250 mya– Protodonata from upper Carboniferous (325 mya)• Unknown if earliest Odonata had aquatic larvae– Earliest fossil record during Lower Permian• Hemimetabolous with prolarva (10 – 15 instars)• Palaeopterous• Adults & larva are beneficial predators• Larvae exhibit conspicuous diversity of form & behavior• Excellent visual acuity

Larva šidla Larva šidielka

Odonata Egg

• • Hatches within 8-30 days, or

• when submerged by water

• • Some have winter diapause

• • Some show considerable

• variation within clutch

• – Pantala flavescens, eggs from

• single clutch hatched over 35

• days

• – Epitheca – even longer

Odonata Oviposition

• • In tandem or alone• Tandem pairs tap water surface or perch• Male may release female while flying over water• Males may guard females (Libellulidae)• Eggs number from 200-5,000+/female

Respiration

• Adults – via thoracic & abdominal spiracles

• Larvae –

• Zygoptera: chiefly cutaneous (via wing pads inlater instars), supplemented by caudal lamellae

• Anisoptera: rectal gills; also used for jet

• propulsion

• In emergencies will come to surface

Prolarva

• – 1st larval instar

• – unable to walk or swim, but….

• – specialized for travel between oviposition site

• and micro-habitat for free-living larva

• – Doesn’t feed

• – Generally short lived

Odonata Naiad

• Larval stage lasts few weeks to 8 years

• Detect prey predominately with eyes or mechanoreceptors

• Prey capture facilitated by prehensile labium

• • Found in temporary or permanent habitats

• – Fern bracts, tree holes, bromeliads

• • Some are semiaquatic

• • Feeding behavior:

• (1) detecting prey

• (2) Ejecting labium to grasp prey

• (3) employing mandibles to devour prey

Tvar tracheálnych žiaber

Zmeny tvaru žiaber počas ontogenézy

Suchozemská larva

Zvliekanie (ecdysis) 1

14

16

17

LOTICKÉ BIOTOPY

a./ krenál až rithrál (horské a podhorské oblasti)cenóza Cordulegaster (bidentatus, boltoni) - Ophiogomphus ceciliasprievodné druhy: Calopteryx virgo

b/ potamál (nížinné úseky väčších riek)cenóza Gomphus (vulgatissimus, flavipes, simillimus) - Calopteryx splendenssprievodné druhy: Onychogomphus forcipatus, Somatochlora metallica.

LENITICKÉ BIOTOPY

a/ horské rašeliniská, vrchoviská, plesácenóza Agrion (hastulatum) - Leucorrhinia (dubia) - Aeshna (juncea).sprievodné druhy: Coenagrion hastulatum, Somatochlora arctica, S. alpestris , Aeshna subarctica.

b/ rašeliniská a slatiny podhorského a nížinného stupňacenóza Leucorrhinia (pectoralis, albifrons, caudalis)

c/ rybníky, vodné nádrže s voľnou vodnou hladinoucenóza Erythromma (najas, viridulum) - Anax (imperator, parthenope)

LENITICKÉ BIOTOPY

d/ eutrofné, prehrievané menšie vodné biotopy, materiálové jamy, mŕtve ramená vodné nádrže, atď.cenóza Lestes (dryas, virens, barbatus, sponsa) - Sympetrum (sanquineum, flaveolum) - Aeshna (affinis, mixta).

e/ prietočné ramená väčších riek, melioračné kanálycenóza Orthetrum (cancellatum, brunneum, albistylum) - Platetrum depressum - Sympterum (vulgatum, striolatum)

ZYGOPTERA_Tracheálne dýchanie