October 2011 Vol. 11 No. 1 The Student Newspaper of the Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies “Comcast Sucks and the Government Should Smash Them to Pieces” By Anonymous Exclusive Interview with Dean Harrington: Inside the Calculus DVDs and More... By Adrian Stover John M. Harrington Jr., Ph.D. is the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Professorial Lecturer in International Economics. He has also taught at SAIS as a professorial lecturer for more than 30 years, including throughout a 20-year government career at the U.S. Department of State, where he directed economics education for foreign affairs professionals at the Foreign Service Institute and directed the economic policy office for Latin American and the Caribbean. For many SAIS students, however, he is known for the two interactive DVD-based courses, pre-calculus mathematics and basic calculus for economists. The Observer sat down with Dean Harrington recently to talk about the DVDs, the half-life of lectures, and “a fear of symbols.” SAIS Observer: How did the pre-calculus and calculus DVDs come about? Dean Harrington: This goes back to really when Pre-Term was started. Around that time, there was a perception that students at SAIS were not getting as much out of the economics program as they should. One of the first real objectives of Pre-Term was to have math as a key component of it. I taught exactly what is on the DVDs over 10 two-hour classes, five for pre-calculus and five for calculus. But the biggest problem we had was that for some people it went by them too fast. When you really think of all the material that was covered in a five-day period, starting with 2 + 2 and ending up with constrained optimization, it went over most people’s heads. When I thought about this, I thought why couldn’t we design a course involving short lectures, or “bite-sized morsels of understand- ing?” Taking the material in the math component that I thought SAIS students needed to understand microeconomics and macroeconomics, I designed the course and we filmed it in Nitze 417. SO: Why use DVDs as a format and why not stream it over the Internet? DH: The technology of streaming five or six years ago was not there. The world of technology is changing so rapidly. We needed a high quality format so you could see what was written on the board, and have audio so you could listen. The way this was done, you just had to put me in front of a white board. I also decided I didn’t want to have it distracting to have different clothes on each time. I had a few similar blue shirts, and the same tie that I wore. Last year, some students doing a service project in Costa Rica were running an auction to raise money, so they asked if I might give out my tie for the auction. I rarely used it, and it was actually pretty worn. So I gave it to them, and someone bid $85 dollars for it. SO: In your opinion, what is the most challenging module on the DVDs? DH: Nothing is hard on there, not if you have the foundation behind it. One of my best lectures on there is the one about elasticity. That is an area that con- founds people. What is the elasticity of demand, and why do we have it? When I did that one lecture, I knew if people only watched this one lecture that would be good. SO: Some of those early algebra concepts are pretty abstract though. DH: Oh, yes. A weakness that most students have is a lack of understanding in what a function is. How do you think about this thing called a function? It is an abstract idea. What is an equation anyway, and why do economists refer to “equations,” when they are really functions? If you open up some econometrics textbooks they will talk about an equation, but it is really a function. But this is what economics is built up on; thinking about the billions of activities in the world somehow aggregated down into a relatively small number. To say that out of the thousands or millions of people making decisions we can some- how aggregate something that says quantity demanded is a function of price, income, and the price of other goods; that is profound. But with notation to express those relationships, you have a fear of symbols. (continued on page 3) Sneak Preview: “Yes Comcast, we moved to a new place….What, you don’t have a button for that? So we never get internet?” While setting up my new internet service last weekend, Comcast didn’t do any- thing right. On my last try, the machine couldn’t even get me to an operator. They just kept asking me to punch in my telephone number and zip code. The call kept circling back to the main menu and asking for my zip code…and tele- phone number. When was a live human going to answer? Turns out never. I hung up after a few dizzying tours. After many attempts to subvert Comcast—and by subvert I mean change my account address—I hung up. Why can’t they understand that I need internet at my new house and not my old house, because I don’t live at my old house any- more? Is it really that hard? Over the course of an evening—literally 4 hours—my roommate and I tried set- ting up internet service at our new apartment again and again. Hold. Call. Get hanged up on. Confused person. Can we have your name again? Can we have your name again? Hold. Get Hanged up on. Hold. He tried at least five times and I tried three or four phone calls, but nothing. Zero. The humans we eventually talked to just couldn’t understand that we moved across Washington, DC to a new place. “Did I tell you about the Comcast Customer Pledge, Sir?” Luckily his phone has a speaker and we had plenty of moving and unpacking to do while on hold. [an evening later...] After talking to five people, including managers in different languages, being hung up on thrice, and talking to “Mr. Donga,” representative number 3355, we called it quits. Were they playing a practical joke on us? Was it April fools in a far-off land? At one point in the night, we received an automated survey asking how satisfied we were with our Comcast call. Press more buttons and then tell the beep your feelings about Comcast. Beep. (continued on page 9)
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Transcript
October 2011 Vol. 11 No. 1 The Student Newspaper of the Johns Hopkins University Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies
“Comcast Sucks and the Government Should
Smash Them to Pieces”
By Anonymous
Exclusive Interview with Dean Harrington:Inside the Calculus DVDs and More...
By Adrian StoverJohn M. Harrington Jr., Ph.D. is the Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and
Professorial Lecturer in International Economics. He has also taught at SAIS as
a professorial lecturer for more than 30 years, including throughout a 20-year
government career at the U.S. Department of State, where he directed economics
education for foreign affairs professionals at the Foreign Service Institute and
directed the economic policy office for Latin American and the Caribbean. For
many SAIS students, however, he is known for the two interactive DVD-based
courses, pre-calculus mathematics and basic calculus for economists. The
Observer sat down with Dean Harrington recently to talk about the DVDs, the
half-life of lectures, and “a fear of symbols.”
SAIS Observer: How did the pre-calculus and calculus DVDs come about?
Dean Harrington: This goes back to really when Pre-Term was started. Around
that time, there was a perception that students at SAIS were not getting as much
out of the economics program as they should. One of the first real objectives of
Pre-Term was to have math as a key component of it. I taught exactly what is on
the DVDs over 10 two-hour classes, five for pre-calculus and five for calculus.
But the biggest problem we had was that for some people it went by them too
fast.
When you really think of all the material that was covered in a five-day period,
starting with 2 + 2 and ending up with constrained optimization, it went over
most people’s heads. When I thought about this, I thought why couldn’t we
design a course involving short lectures, or “bite-sized morsels of understand-
ing?” Taking the material in the math component that I thought SAIS students
needed to understand microeconomics and macroeconomics, I designed the
course and we filmed it in Nitze 417.
SO: Why use DVDs as a format and why not stream it over the Internet?
DH: The technology of streaming five or six years ago was not there. The world
of technology is changing so rapidly. We needed a high quality format so you
could see what was written on the board, and have audio so you could listen.
The way this was done, you just had to put me in front of a white board. I also
decided I didn’t want to have it distracting to have different clothes on each
time. I had a few similar blue shirts, and the same tie that I wore. Last year,
some students doing a service project in Costa Rica were running an auction to
raise money, so they asked if I might give out my tie for the auction. I rarely
used it, and it was actually pretty worn. So I gave it to them, and someone bid
$85 dollars for it.
SO: In your opinion, what is the most challenging module on the DVDs?
DH: Nothing is hard on there, not if you have the foundation behind it. One of
my best lectures on there is the one about elasticity. That is an area that con-
founds people. What is the elasticity of demand, and why do we have it? When I
did that one lecture, I knew if people only watched this one lecture that would
be good.
SO: Some of those early algebra concepts are pretty abstract though.
DH: Oh, yes. A weakness that most students have is a lack of understanding in
what a function is. How do you think about this thing called a function? It is an
abstract idea. What is an equation anyway, and why do economists refer to
“equations,” when they are really functions? If you open up some econometrics
textbooks they will talk about an equation, but it is really a function.
But this is what economics is built up on; thinking about the billions of activities
in the world somehow aggregated down into a relatively small number. To say
that out of the thousands or millions of people making decisions we can some-
how aggregate something that says quantity demanded is a function of price,
income, and the price of other goods; that is profound. But with notation to
express those relationships, you have a fear of symbols. (continued on page 3)
Sneak Preview: “Yes Comcast, we moved to a new place….What, you don’t
have a button for that? So we never get internet?”
While setting up my new internet service last weekend, Comcast didn’t do any-
thing right. On my last try, the machine couldn’t even get me to an operator.
They just kept asking me to punch in my telephone number and zip code. The
call kept circling back to the main menu and asking for my zip code…and tele-
phone number.
When was a live human going to answer? Turns out never. I hung up after a few
dizzying tours.
After many attempts to subvert Comcast—and by subvert I mean change my
account address—I hung up. Why can’t they understand that I need internet at
my new house and not my old house, because I don’t live at my old house any-
more? Is it really that hard?
Over the course of an evening—literally 4 hours—my roommate and I tried set-
ting up internet service at our new apartment again and again. Hold. Call. Get
hanged up on. Confused person. Can we have your name again? Can we have
your name again? Hold. Get Hanged up on. Hold.
He tried at least five times and I tried three or four phone calls, but nothing.
Zero. The humans we eventually talked to just couldn’t understand that we
moved across Washington, DC to a new place.
“Did I tell you about the Comcast Customer Pledge, Sir?” Luckily his phone
has a speaker and we had plenty of moving and unpacking to do while on hold.
[an evening later...]
After talking to five people, including managers in different languages, being
hung up on thrice, and talking to “Mr. Donga,” representative number 3355, we
called it quits.
Were they playing a practical joke on us? Was it April fools in a far-off land?
At one point in the night, we received an automated survey asking how satisfied
we were with our Comcast call. Press more buttons and then tell the beep your
feelings about Comcast. Beep.
(continued on page 9)
The “DC Pause” Needs to Get Paid!By The “DC Pause”
Alright people, listen up. Too much has gone on for too long, and it’s time
for me to get what I deserve. I ain’t doing favors for nobody no more, cause
like Rodney Dangerfield I ain’t get no respect. The fact is, whenever you use
me you don’t even realize I’m there!
Here’s an example: You’re at a happy hour/party/bus stop/speed networking
event (Damn, son, there are less embarrassing ways to find a job), you’re
wearing a suit because you dress down for nobody, you’ve got a classy drink
in your hand, and you start introducing yourself. You could be anybody and
work for whoever, but this is how it might go down…
“Hi, I’m Sarah. I work for Senator Dianne Feinstein (Pause).”
See that pause?
You just made it clear to that fool that you are the shit. Even if you ain’t! For
Christ sake, you could be anybody. All I heard before I kicked in were the
words “I”, “work”, and “senator.” But those words thrown in with the pause
were all that you needed to impress the shit out of anybody.
And that’s how I do my thing, baby. That’s the D.C. Pause.
Pretty soon you’re talking about what you do and who you know, trading
business cards, making plans to “do lunch” and all, and you’re one more con-
tact closer to being the well connected DC-er that you’ve always dreamed of.
You use me all the time. Fact is, you need me. But I’m not surprised that
you’re taking advantage of what you can get.
There’s people gettin’ used and abused all over this city, from Capitol Hill to
K Street. Remember that college intern who worked in your office last year?
The one who could have been learning valuable coffee-making and photocopi-
er repair skills, but you made her enter data instead? That was just mean. You
use me like you use unpaid intern labor, and I don’t know how the hell you
sleep at night.
But I’m taking a stand! Here’s how it’s going to be. You make it worth my
while, and I’ll continue to back you up. But if you don’t, I might not be there
for you.
Let’s see how that might play out:
“Hi! I’m Sarah. I work for Senator Feinstein…and…um…I work on…um…
what?”
Awww snap! Your gravitas just went KOBLAMMO! You’ll just have to keep
talking and pray that you don’t embarrass your stupid-ass self. Without me,
you’re nothing, and don’t you forget it!
Think it over, I’m sure we can work it out. You know where I’ll be if you
need me.
The “DC Pause” is a contributing writer for The SAIS Observer.
THE SAIS OBSERVEREditors-in-Chief
Peter Gruskin is a second-year M.A. candidate concentrating inInternational Finance, Middle East Studies and Global Theory &
History, and graduates in December 2011
Ryan A. Pallathra is a second-year M.A. candidate concentrating inStrategic Studies, and graduates in December 2011
Contributors (This Issue)
Adrian Stover, Jared Katz, Jimmy Church, Joe Wilson, John Pacheco,Katharine Cooley, Lindsay La Forge, Lubomir Sokol, Marisol
Trowbridge, Melissa Morgenstern, Michael Carbone, Nic Wondra,Nicole Epps, Philip Zager, Suzy Xiu, Wil Jackson, Wu Hao
The SAIS Observer is a newspaper written, edited, and produced bythe students of the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International
Studies (SAIS) of The Johns Hopkins University.
SAIS Students, Faculty and members of the Administration at theWashington, D.C., Bologna and Nanjing campuses are encouraged
to submit articles, Op-Eds, photographs, andother items for consideration.
Materials for publication, comments or inquiries may be sent to usat: [email protected]. The online edition of The SAISObserver and its full archives are at: www.saisobserver.org.
The SAIS Observer is an approved SAIS Student Organization.Opinions expressed in The SAIS Observer are not necessarily theviews of the Editors, SAIS, or The Johns Hopkins University.
2 The SAIS Observer October 2011
INSIDE THIS ISSUE
FEATURE: INTERVIEW WITH DEAN JOHN HARRINGTON ...................................PAGE 1OP-ED ON COMCAST INTERNET ...............................................................................PAGE 1PHOTOGRAPHY BY JARED KATZ (SAIS ALUMNUS) ......................................PAGES 2 & 8THE “DC PAUSE” ...........................................................................................................PAGE 2页台湾 ............................................................................................................................PAGE 3THE SAIS EXISTENTIAL CRISIS ...................................................................................PAGE 3‘HAVE HEELS, WILL TRAVEL’ COLUMN ....................................................................PAGE 4‘HAVE LEATHER SANDALS, DO TRAVEL’ COLUMN ................................................PAGE 5SAIS THOUGHT LEADERSHIP AND THE NEW SILK ROAD STRATEGY ................PAGE 6INTERNSHIPS WHILE AT SAIS ...................................................................................PAGE 6OCCUPY WALL STREET PROTESTS AND SOCIAL CHANGE ....................................PAGE 7APPRECIATING ITALIAN CUISINE WHILE IN BOLOGNA .......................................PAGE 8UPDATE FROM SAISer IN EGYPT .............................................................................PAGE 10JERSEY SHORE EXPLAINS THE MIDDLE EAST ......................................................PAGE 10‘SAIS IMPACTS’ COLUMN ..........................................................................................PAGE 11MA LA TANG IN CHINA .............................................................................................PAGE 11HOW BEN ALI’S “AUTHORITARIAN BARGAIN” FELL APART ...............................PAGE 12“SHOW YOUR SAIS PRIDE” 2010 PHOTO CONTEST WINNERS ................PAGES 12 & 16DEBUT OF THE NEW SAIS BOOK EXCHANGE .......................................................PAGE 13THE NEW STUDENT GOVERNMENT TEAM ..........................................................................PAGE 14CLUBS & ACTIVITIES ................................................................................................................PAGE 16
PHOTOS: Italy’s Students Protest Education Cuts in Bologna, Italy (Sept. 2008)
Photography by Jared Katz, SAIS Alumnus, BC 2009, DC 2010See More of Jared’s Work at: http://www.jaredkatzphotography.com/
Courtesy of Jared Katz
Courtesy of Jared Katz
October 2011 The SAIS Observer 3
SO: Fear of symbols?
DH: If you read an economics article, and you read all the words and come to some
function, you’ll skip right over it and read the words. Words are symbols, but they
are the symbols that we start learning when we are in kindergarten, so we are used
to letter symbols and word symbols. But when it comes down to mathematical sym-
bols, it is a lack of practice. Most people’s lives are not spent dealing with mathe-
matical symbols. It could be that if you do mathematics, physics, or chemistry you
get used to it. But if you are reading something, you tend to just skip over all of
those complicated looking things. For example, f(x) is just an arbitrary symbol, but
it can be used to take ideas and relationships to express them symbolically.
SO: But it is the practice that helps you get used to it.
DH: Exactly. Learning does not take place while watching lectures. I used to say
this in statistics class, “You’re going to watch me lecture about statistics, and I’m
going to go through and solve a lot of problems. And you’re going to sit there and
say, ‘Sure, that’s easy.’ And then you’re going to think that it is easy until you go
and try to solve the problem yourself and think ‘Oh, it is hard.’” What is hard is
doing something. That’s when you learn.
For every lecture there is problem, because learning is going to take place not
watching the lecture. The half-life of a lecture is only about two weeks. The lecture
is important because it should convey some information, presumably, but it mostly
should convey excitement about the subject.
SO: Have the DVDs affected conversations with students?
DH: Not really. Sometimes I’ll be walking up the stairs, and the student walking
down will take a double take and think, “Oh I know this person really well, how do
I know this person so well?” My assumption is that most people know who I am
because of this, or else they have not prepared for the math. I was just in Bologna,
and some students came up to me and said “Dean Harrington! I just wanted to tell
you how much I like the DVDs.” That’s all that really happens.
Adrian Stover is a first-year M.A. candidate concentrating in Southeast Asia
Studies.
The Exclusive Dean Harrington Interview(continued from page 1)
Reset your spam filters. I'm doing this again.
I’ll be the first to admit it. Last semester I had my SAIS Existential Crisis. Boy was
it brutal. I didn’t want to hang out with anyone. I didn’t want to be a Strategic
Studies person anymore. I didn’t want to go to my classes but did anyway. I didn’t
want to write random e-mails about random things to make people laugh. I didn’t
even want to flirt with Lois while she made my sandwiches. Life was miserable.
There was even a point where I started writing a Broadway musical about how I
should’ve gone to Business School. It wasn’t very good.
But something happened. I woke up one day and everything was awesome again. I
mean sure I’ll still be in debt until I’m ready to retire. And sure I still want to Hulk
Smash Dean Har___ton for calling my language selections “obscure.” But that’s all
okay because I can already tell this whole thing has been worth it. I realized this
over the summer.
You want a Macroeconomic analysis of why U.S. businesses should be interested in
focusing their attention on the East African market? BAM. There it is. In your face.
And with pretty pictures. Or how about one of our colleagues? You want someone
to make sure companies in Southeast Asia are worthy of investment with a detailed
analysis of why or why not? KABLAM. There it is “brah”. Next time why don’t
you challenge him? It's all coming together and starting to make sense. And though
I clearly don't owe this school one more dime, I at least owe them respect for what
they're molding us into.
So for those of you who are having the pleasure of Existentially Crisising currently
or will Crisis in the months to come, just remember this:
We’re awesome. The world needs fixing. And this is where the world fixers come
from.
Jimmy Church is a second-year M.A. candidate concentrating in International
In this piece I discuss a number of challenges Egypt is currently facing regard-
ing the upcoming parliamentary elections. I begin by covering the divisions
within the liberal and secular movements and the strengths of the Muslim
Brotherhood in electoral competition. Next, I explore the shared ailments
among the liberal and secular movements in both Egypt and Syria. Finally, I
note the fear among Egyptian voters regarding continual political and economic
stagnation in Egypt and the possible emergence of the Muslim Brotherhood as
an elected political party.
The ruling Egyptian military council has recently moved the parliamentary elec-
tion date from September to November 2011. It appears the liberals and secular-
ists needed additional time to form cohesive political parties in order to compete
in the elections. If the elections had taken place in September as scheduled, the
individual liberal and secular parties would not have stood a chance against the
Muslim Brotherhood at the ballot box, according to many analysts.
Who Are the Muslim Brothers?The Muslim Brotherhood is the largest and best-organized political faction in
Egypt. In the upcoming elections, they will run under the name of “Freedom
and Justice Party,” and may prove to be more capable in attracting large num-
bers of committed voters than previously expected. Despite not participating
fully in politics under Mubarak, the Muslim Brothers’ constituents still seem to
know who the Brothers are as a party, what they stand for, and how they will
implement various policies if elected.
In terms of the liberals and secularists, they are still too divided and there exist
too many uncertainties, considering how they intend to make their promises
materialize for the average Egyptian.
As the protests continue though, the Egyptian economy continues to suffer. It is
reported that increasing capital flight could wipe out billions of dollars lent to
Egypt from the Gulf Arab states in a matter of months. Currently, the capital
flight is ten times more than the amount of aid promised to Egypt from both the
U.S. and Europe combined, or about $130 billion a year.
The young protesters in January did a phenomenal job of rebelling against the
state, and many lost their lives for it. However, this wasn’t necessarily enough
to make long-lasting change. The protestors now need to learn how to “do poli-
tics”. These young protestors are not trained politicians and most do not have an
educational background in politics, and it is questionable if they know exactly
what they want to bring to the state. As well, there is no consensus among the
liberals on what should be in the constitution. The liberals and secularists are
more of a movement, and therefore should not be seen as representing any sin-
gle political party. This further complicates Egyptian politics.
What Does Syria Have to Do with Egypt?Although Egypt and Syria are in two very different situations, the liberal oppo-
sition in each share an important ailment - they are unable to unify. Both the
liberal Egyptian and liberal Syrian opposition fail to offer a viable plan for a
future without their respective despot. The opposition groups in both states
learned to decentralize in order to avoid the targeted retribution of the secret
police and intelligence apparatus. Centralization meant death and even asylum
abroad didn’t safety from the assassin’s bullet. Now the opposition movements
in Egypt and Syria must learn to bridge their divides in order to offer a clear
plan on how their countries should be run.
The liberals and secularists in Egypt should be careful; it is unknown how much
patience the average Egyptian worker has for continuous protesting and political
circus. The biggest threat for the liberals and secularists in the upcoming elec-
tions does not come from the committed religious voter, but from those
Egyptians who want a little more daily stability. These voters want an opportu-
nity to go back to a full day’s work and the ability to predict and manage a con-
stant income.
Where Economics and Politics MixIn order to reverse political and economic stagnation then, the Egyptian voter
may vote for the Muslim Brotherhood even if they don’t quite agree with all
their views. The average Egyptian voter may be impressed just enough with the
party’s organizational ability and commitment to achieve any viable Egyptian
future that they decide to place their bets with the Brotherhood.
Wil Jackson is a SAIS M.A. candidate currently in Egypt.
The Latest from EgyptBy Wil Jackson
While writing a research paper on Iraq, I needed to illustrate Henry Kissinger’s
statement about the Iran-Iraq War: “It’s best if both sides lose.”
Simultaneously rooting against both the Yankees and Red Sox partially exem-
plifies this, but I needed an example with wider appeal. Then I found a suitable
explanation: Mike “The Situation,” from Jersey Shore.
Much like the Iran-Iraq War, the recent feud between cast members Mike “The
Situation” and Ronnie presented a scenario in which one would hope both sides
would lose. However, this analogy goes even further because Mike challenged
Ronnie, who is approximately three times his size.
Mike is Iraq and Ronnie is Iran and Mike’s decision to slam his head against
the nearest wall as a means of resolving the feud is a metaphor for Saddam
Hussein’s self-defeating tactics. Yes, Jersey Shore represents the end of MTV’s
attempt to be music-related…a decade later.
If The Real World was trapped in a tanning booth after a dozen vodka-sodas, it
would be Jersey Shore. However, we are not finished yet. In addition to making
the viewer feel better about their own life, the show is a metaphor for Middle
Eastern politics. As mentioned earlier, Mike represents Iraq and his much larger
rival, Ronnie, represents Iran. Mike and Ronnie started disliking each other
while competing over their fellow cast member Sam. Ronnie ended up with
Sam and their semi-functional relationship provides recurring drama. This sur-
prisingly resilient alliance makes sense if we understand that Sam stands for
Syria.
Despite Mike’s initial affinity for Sam—after all, the Ba’ath Party once ruled
Syria and Iraq—Sam has stayed with Ronnie, just as the Iran-Syria alliance
remains strong.
The rest of the cast falls into place too. DJ Pauly D, with his tripartite name and
“Blowout” hairstyle represents the United Arab Emirates and its massive con-
-struction projects. His tall hairstyle mirrors the tallest building on Earth, the
Burj Khalifa.
Pauly’s best friend, Vinny, with his tendency to criticize the insanity of his
housemates, is like the UAE’s neighbor and home to the highly critical Al-
Jazeera. That would be Qatar. And with her combination of artificially
enhanced cleavage and puritanical refusal to hook up with cast members, Jenni
stands for Saudi Arabia.
The mascot of the show, Snooki, serves as a mirror of the show. Author Sandra
Mackey employed the idea of a single entity “mirroring” the regional geopoliti-
cal environment in her book Mirror of the Arab World: Lebanon in Conflict.
With her hard drinking, constant searching for fun, adoration of beaches, and
general lack of modesty, Snooki stands for Lebanon. Google “Haifa Wehbe” if
you disagree with this assessment.
Snooki’s closest friend, and late addition to the show, Deena, represents
Lebanon’s neighbor, Israel. Deena’s inability to find a housemate willing to
hook up with her, immortalized in the question, “Pauly, you don’t want to do
sex?,” illustrates Israel’s difficulty in finding acceptance in the Middle Eastern
community.
Finally, Jenni and Snooki’s friendship in the face of Snooki’s personal difficul-
ties represents the role of Saudi Arabia in rebuilding Lebanon after its civil war.
Yes, Jersey Shore provides a metaphor for explaining Middle Eastern politics.
Further elaboration of the explanatory power of this model, including a discus-
sion of the role of fame (America) in the region will be addressed in my forth-
coming Master’s Thesis.
Philip Zager is a first-year M.A. candidate concentrating in Middle East
Studies.
How Jersey Shore Explains the Middle EastBy Philip Zager
October 2011 The SAIS Observer 11
SAIS ImpactsA Column about Innovative Impacts SAIS Students,
Faculty, and Alumni are Making Around the World
By Marisol Trowbridge
“Trade and Aid at SAIS”
Shamarukh Mohiuddin, a SAIS student from Bangladesh, has long had a pas-
sion for improving her home country’s opportunities for growth. So when she
bumped into Shabbir Ahmed Chowdhury, the founder of the U.S.-Bangladesh
Advisory Council (USBAC) at a social event, she swiftly pitched her idea to
turn his small, but high-level initiative into a full-fledged organization and a sig-
nificant player on Capitol Hill.
Shamarukh, now the Executive Director of the U.S.-Bangladesh Advisory
Council (www.usbac.org), spends her time outside school doing research and
advocacy on trade policy, foreign aid and climate change, introducing bills in
Congress and hosting events with international dignitaries to foster better trade
relations between the two countries. This work is currently supported by grants
from individuals, corporations and a major foundation. This network has
allowed her to take the USBAC from an organization that is primarily devoted
to talks between high-level officials, to an organization with boots on the
ground in the policy world.
Currently she’s working on two main projects for the USBAC. First is legisla-
tion she helped draft, designed to create duty-free, quota-free market access for
least developed countries (LDCs). For example, Bangladesh and Cambodia
each face about $650 million and $420 million respectively in duty fees every
year just on clothing and apparel entering the U.S. market. These amounts are
much higher than the tariffs faced by wealthier countries such as Britain and
France. Meanwhile, the annual U.S. aid budget for these countries is about one-
fifth of the duty fees.
Many of these policies were put in place in the 1930s and remain in place
today, although textile and apparel production and employment in the U.S. has
rapidly declined over the past few decades. USBAC’s duty-free bill would cor-
rect these oversights, allowing trade policy to keep pace with the changes in the
U.S. economy while leveling the playing field for developing countries.
Shamarukh’s second big project is focused on climate change policy. Since
Bangladesh is one of the world’s most vulnerable countries to climate change,
Shamarukh is working to retain Congressional support for funding climate
change “adaptation assistance” to at-risk nations. The projected bill for the first
five years of climate change adaptation in Bangladesh stands at around $5 bil-
lion over five years, but little support has been extended by the U.S. govern-
ment to Bangladesh so far, despite pledges made at the Copenhagen and Cancun
Summits.
Beyond this U.S. policy work, the USBAC also advises the Bangladeshi gov-
ernment on how to strengthen laws and push for labor rights, aiming to get
Bangladesh on the list of Millennium Challenge Account countries.
All this high-intensity work might seem intimidating, but Shamarukh was pre-
pared for her role by the time she joined USBAC, and she’s not the sort of per-
son who seems to need much rest. For several years before SAIS she worked
multiple jobs at the same time. From her first position as Research Associate at
the Progressive Policy Institute, where she studied the effects of trade policy in
LDCs, to her work with GlobalWorks Foundation and its multi-stakeholder
“Trade, Aid and Security Coalition,” to her simultaneous consulting gigs for the
Business Council for Global Development and Fontheim International,
Shamarukh has had ample opportunities to rub shoulders with policy makers.
She has learned how to call people on the Hill, push policies, ask for support,
and get comfortable bringing officials and other big-wigs to the negotiating
table. She understands the process of getting work done in Washington and she
has been prepared to navigate the system with patience and perspective.
After five years in DC, Shamarukh also came to understand that there was a gap
between academic theory and policy and that someone must bridge it. Today
she does just that, boiling down her policy recommendations to simple talking
points in order to get clear ideas across. After SAIS, Shamarukh plans to seek
more funding for the USBAC and foster U.S.-Bangladesh relations by expand-
ing programs. She also hopes to include a program to engage Bangladeshi
expats in the advocacy process.
Indeed, Shamarukh may get only four hours of sleep, but she appears far from
burnt out. In fact, her work seems to energize her, and she bubbles over as she
talks about it.
Shamarukh will be a force to contend with in the years to come.
Stay tuned for more articles about SAISers making impacts. If you know some-
one you’d like to see highlighted in this column, please contact
[email protected] with a few lines about who, when, where, and why. All
nominations will be considered.
Marisol Trowbridge is a first-year M.A. candidate concentrating in
International Development.
Ma La Tang: It Hurts That GoodBy Melissa Morgenstern
As a student at Beijing Foreign Language University (Bei Wai), I avoided Ma
La Tang like the plague. The problem was that plague looked mighty fun! For
the uninitiated, Ma La Tang is a customer-chosen concoction of vegetables,
noodles, tofu, meatballs, and whatever else your procurer of goodies happens to
have on stock. Everything is boiled in some kind of liquid, and served to the
customer with a choice of condiments. Near my university, customers’ selec-
tions were boiled in frighteningly red oil, sitting in a burnt and beat-up traveling
iron lung, and then served on a saran wrap-lined metal plate with a side of
sesame sauce.
But I refrained from trying the tempting culinary mystery for an entire year.
Why? Well, there really is something about an industrial metal vat of pepper-
infused neon red oil simmering away in an underpass at ten at night that speaks
to one’s germaphobic side and curiosity simultaneously. For my first year in
Beijing, the germaphobic side won. Hence no Ma La Tang.
My second trip to Beijing introduced me to a new facet of Ma La Tang: one
didn’t have to submit one’s self to the metal vat treatment to partake in the fun.
A good friend took me to a Ma La Tang hole-in-the-wall between a donkey
meat sandwich hut and a tobacco and alcohol store. I grabbed my little laundry
basked and went to work stocking up on cellophane noodles, mushrooms,
spinach, and meatballs. Somehow passing off my basket to the isolated chef in
back, whose only friend seemed to be that very same vat of angry red oil, lent a
sense of safety to the whole experience.
With my germaphobic side appeased, I sat down and completely surrendered to
the happiness of knowing that I’m finally going to eat something that would
probably be at the top of the non-exis-
tent list of “edible threats to U.S. secu-
rity”. That oily, sesame sauce-dressed
concoction of veggies, noodles, and
meatballs made my entire Beijing life!
It also enflamed by tongue and stom-
ach, but that was nothing a donkey meat
sandwich couldn’t cure. My concept of
Ma La Tang was completely rearranged
by my introduction to Nanjing Ma La Tang. The dirty little laundry baskets
were there, the selection of tantalizing local goodies was present, but no indus-
trial vats, no neon pepper oil, and no evidence of sesame sauce to be found. All
I could see was a spaghetti pot of water and some small colanders to easily
remove one’s selections from the water.
Where’s the danger? Where’s my feeling of violating the FDA? I quickly
buried these questions when my bowl arrived. My bowl of Ma La Tang soup!
It was a soup of mystery seasoning, garlic, sesame, and vinegar surrounding
voluminous meatballs, almost invisible cellophane noodles and limp spinach.
Eating my newly discovered Ma La Tang soup was a glorious mixture of sharp
pain and delicious pleasure. The only thing missing was a donkey meat sand-
wich.
I guess it is a well known fact amongst the China and East Asian studies
crowds that regionalism in China exists in everything, especially the food. But
for me, that regionalism tends to really make the deepest impression in the form
of a personal culinary adventure waiting to be shared with others. And hopeful-
ly they’ll find that it hurts just as good as you said it would.
Melissa Morgenstern is first-year M.A. candidate concentrating in China
Studies at the Hopkins–Nanjing Center (HNC) in Nanjing, China.
12 The SAIS Observer October 2011
How Ben Ali’s “Authoritarian Bargain”Fell Apart in Tunisia
By Peter Gruskin
Society for the political-economist can be divided into two spheres perhaps: the
material and the political.
Materially, Tunisia was progressing to some extent under the Dictatorship of
Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali, with a few economic indicators trending in the right
direction after he took power in 1987. Economists seem to concur that Tunisia
fared “ok” as a result of IMF-inspired liberalization programs initiated in the
1980s. The adjustment period—which can mean lower growth while reforms
are implemented—went fairly well, and during the 1990s, Tunisia grew at
around 5% annually. Not bad for a developing country, many thought.
Economic equality, as measured by the Gini coefficient, improved over time
too. But while Tunisia’s policy bureaucrats were on the right track, the Tunisian
people were going nowhere politically. That wouldn’t last long.
Even under Ben Ali, social indicators improved over time and today Tunisia
enjoys one of the highest literacy rates in the Arab world. As well, gender
equality was an important theme for both post-independence regimes. No matter
how brutal they may have been against detractors, the two post-WWII govern-
ments prioritized development. They reduced infant mortality rates, fought
poverty with direct transfers and educational programs, and achieved a decent
degree of fairness in distribution of resources.
However, in recent years the economic and political spheres became too entan-
gled, which made for the backwards “separation of powers” set-up that much
more difficult to sustain. After Ben Ali wrestled the presidency from the long-
standing Habib Bourguiba in the late 1980s, he seemed decent on the political
liberties front for a few years. Ben Ali initially let some Islamists out of jail and
tried to co-opt his critics in a 1989 amnesty offer; but soon enough the repres-
sion set in.
Readership of state-run and self-censored newspapers—arguably an indicator of
how much propaganda the masses are willing to stomach—fell in the early
1990s, despite the advances in literacy. Islamists were rounded up and put in
jail for political activities and the opposition parties were vetted by their main
competitor—Ben Ali—before they could run against him in national elections.
Contrary to what some initially thought, Ben Ali was not going to serve as a
bridge president: he was in it for good. To this end, he proposed a constitutional
referendum to abolish term limits and extend the maximum age for contestants
to 75. Some speculated that he would be Tunisia’s president for life.
Then, December 2010, the coil sprung.
The main problem with this model of “developmental dictatorship” is simple:
higher expectations.
Take education for example. Under the “authoritarian bargain”—in which the
masses received material benefits (government jobs, social services, infrastruc-
ture, food and oil subsidies, macroeconomic progress, etc.) in exchange for
political accountability—education was free and the quality was fairly good.
But the regime’s success in this venture was double-edged. People began to
expect jobs commensurate with their higher skill levels upon graduation. The
dilemma was that the good jobs tended to be in the public sector because the
private sector was underdeveloped for a number of reasons. Not least among
them was corruption, which foreign investors saw as an impediment to receiv-
ing reliable business information necessary for investment. Furthermore, eco-
nomic liberalization programs called for making the public sector more effi-
cient, which often meant cutting employees to keep deficits in check.
The government simply could not absorb all the graduates, and in recent years
unemployment for some degree-holders stood in the range of 20-30%. Tunisia
could not grow fast enough to meet this lack. As a result of these structural
problems in the economy and absence of voice in policy matters, Tunisia’s edu-
cated youth no longer bought into the authoritarian bargain, which political sci-
entists have proposed to explain the lack of democracy in certain authoritarian
countries.
Thus when Mohammed Bouazizi, an unemployed graduate and street vendor, lit
himself on fire in December of 2010, it signalled an end to the politics of com-
promise.
It was no longer worth it for Tunisians to keep quiet.
Today, there is an interim government in Tunis, which despite its shortcomings
is more open and legitimate than the previous regime. Regular elections will
now be held, and given Tunisia’s strong track record and macroeconomic know-
how, it is fairly likely that the country will continue to develop over the next
few years both materially and politically. Tunisia is now generally considered to
be the easiest economy to manage of all the Arab Spring nations.
So while the initial results of the Arab Spring may be a dent in GDP and tempo-
rary bout of instability, in the long-run the country is considerably more likely
to emerge as both a prosperous and fair place for the bulk of its citizens.
Peter Gruskin is a second-year M.A. candidate concentrating in International
Finance and Middle East Studies.
2010 “Show Your SAIS Pride” Photo Contest - Top 3 Winners
1. “SAISers in 中国 (China) - Jinghong, Yunnan” by Katharine Cooley2. “SAIS in Kibera Slum - Kenya” by Joe Wilson
3. “SAIS at the Beach - La Ceiba, Honduras” by John PachecoCourtesy of The SAIS Office of Communications (http://www.sais-jhu.edu/saispride)
1
2
3
October 2011 The SAIS Observer 13
CHECK IT OUT!
THE BRAND NEWSAIS BOOK EXCHANGE@ the Nitze Basement
*GIVE A BOOK* - *TAKE A BOOK*
DON’T STEAL.
Sponsored by The SAIS Observer & The SAIS Review
14 The SAIS Observer October 2011
Introducing Your SAIS Student Government Association OfficersThe SAIS Student Government Association (SGA) serves as the primary interface between students and the SAIS administration. We are
your advocates with the Administration, Alumni, and other Student Groups and we strive to enhance the quality of student life at SAIS.
Our goal is to make SAIS the best international relations program in the world. We aim to work with the student body, faculty, administra-
tion and alumni to seek continuous improvement of key SAIS performance indicators, including career placement, student satisfaction, and
alumni participation and to continue the trend of a fun, lively school environment, by engaging students in social activities and functions.
Chris Cochran (MA-3), President
Chris is from Searcy, Arkansas, a city where "thousands
live as millions wish they could." Before coming to SAIS, Chris lived and worked in Honduras with CARE International. He learned
Spanish while living with a Honduran couple, along with their four-year-old daughter. Chris rides his bicycle to school and can be seen
riding all around the city, frequently donning fashionable socks underneath his rolled-up pantleg. He loves SAIS and is pleased to be serv-
ing you as your SGA president.
Marcus Watson (MA-3), Vice President
Marcus is a born and raised Londoner, but regrettably
speaks less like Michael Caine and more like Colin Firth. He spent his formative undergraduate years at Trinity College Dublin, in which
time he made several dubious student films and became well acquainted with a certain black alcoholic beverage. After graduating, Marcus
moved back to London where he trained and practised as a corporate lawyer. In between all this, he spent time interning with a microfi-
nance organisation in East Africa, working as a pro bono legal adviser in London and travelling across the world whenever he could.
Cornelius Fleischhaker (MA-3), Treasurer
Cornelius is a Latin American Studies concentrator,
originally from Germany. He developed his interest in international relations living in the Dominican Republic, Turkey, Mexico, Brazil,
New York and Beloit, Kansas. This past year at SAIS, he has been active in the German Club, responsible for all beer centered activities
and participated in the soccer club, the Latin American Club as well as the African Diaspora Club. During the fall semester, inspired by
recent events, he completed a short, one night internship as a Chilean mine worker. By being German, he brings a competent and prudent
approach to the treasury, proven by a strong track record of quantitative and organizational ability. As a rare example of the European-
born, first-year –DC breed, he is in a privileged position to inspire unity between different groups of students at SAIS.
Nicole Epps (MA-3), Social Chair
Nicole was born and raised in New York City and can
run a four minute mile in stilettos, hail a cab and order
takeout at the same time. She has years of event planning experience, from intimate dinner parties to black-tie affairs for the Mayor of
Atlanta. Whether you are into paintball, cocktail hours or listening to Malcolm Gladwell, Nicole is the girl for you when she's not studying
International Law, combating international trafficking or impersonating Wonder Woman. Her top priority this year, will be hosting events
that showcase the diversity of our student body and DC in general. Wednesday “Hump Day” activities including massages, movie night,
psychic readings, casual dinners after speaker series, “SAIS Nite Out” at local sporting events, First Fridays at art galleries, and Music and
Drinks at area museums, are just a few events that would make great additions to the SAIS calendar. She looks forward to being your
Social Chair and discovering the DMV area with you this year!
October 2011 The SAIS Observer 15
SAIS students sand-skiing and riding camels outside of Dubai.
Elan Bar (MA-3), Bologna Campus (BC)
Representative
Elan never knows how to answer the question “Where
are you from?” Born in LA to Israeli parents, he went
to school in Santa Barbara, moved to Italy in 2005,
holds British citizenship and speaks some Spanish.
While living in Italy, he came to appreciate the finer
things in life, like how a glass of wine is exponentially
more enjoyable when sipped along a Venetian canal,
and that everything tastes better wrapped in lard. As
the Bologna Center Representative, Elan looks forward
to following up on his time as Class President in Bologna. He can’t wait to share some of the dolce vita with his new DC classmates. Good
times will abound, with aperitivi, Euro-pop dance parties and possibly a revival of BC Gastronomica. Properly incentivized, he may even
divulge the secrets to making a proper ragù. He also hopes to learn to love the East Coast, even if there's no In-N-Out.
Mary McGurn, M.I.P.P. Representative
Mary comes to SAIS with extensive experience in
Africa, including previous assignments in Namibia and
Côte d’Ivoire. Most recently, she served as the Interim
Director for Community Affairs at the Africa Center
for Strategic Studies, one of five U.S. Department of
Defense regional centers. In this capacity, she was
responsible for overseeing the Africa Center’s short-
term and long-term engagement strategies with over
4,000 current and future senior African civilian, mili-
tary, and opinion leaders throughout the continent. She also had regional responsibility for Eastern Africa and the Indian Ocean. Prior to
joining the Africa Center, Mary ran a successful field program for the Sierra Club and served as Deputy Director for Scheduling on a
national presidential campaign. She also held positions at the White House and the Export-Import Bank of the U.S. during the Clinton
Administration. Mary earned a Bachelor’s degree in Foreign Service as well as a Certificate in African Studies from the School of Foreign
Service at Georgetown University. In addition to English, she speaks fluent French and is learning Swahili. As the MIPP representative for
SGA, Mary is looking forward to building bridges between the MIPPs and the rest of the SAIS community.
Bobby Corrigan (MA-1), 1st Year Representative
Bobby was born in Sao Paulo, Brazil but speaks no
Portuguese. In fact, learning the language of his coun-
try of origin is one of the reasons he's here. Prior to
arriving at SAIS, Bobby worked at a homeless shelter
in downtown DC and has spent most of his formative
years in and around the DC area. As a child he spent
time living in Brazil, the Philippines, New York, and
Mexico. A huge Washington Capitals hockey fan, Bobby came quite close to declaring a Russian and Eurasian Studies concentration based
solely on the fact that Alex Ovechkin hails from Moscow. Though adjusting to the culture and customs of further NW DC has been diffi-
cult, Bobby looks forward to representing his fellow first years.
Monica Kang (MA-1), 1st Year Representative
Monica Kang is a Strategic Studies concentrator with
an interest in East Asian politics and security. As a
Korean-American, she has lived most of her life in
both the United States and South Korea. She complet-
ed her undergraduate degree at Boston University and
has worked at the U.S. State Department (Washington,
D.C.), the United Nations (Geneva, Switzerland), and at Chosunilbo (Seoul, South Korea). Leadership has always been a key part of her
life. While patience, diligence, promptness, and organization are her strengths, she believes that the key to good leadership is passion and
willingness to ‘make things happen.’
(more SGA information on next page)
16 The SAIS Observer October 2011
2010 “Show Your SAIS Pride” Photo Contest: "IDEV-China Studies Trip: Sparklers in Southwest China" by Meredith GaffneyCourtesy of The SAIS Office of Communications (http://www.sais-jhu.edu/saispride)
Careers in International Development
Careers in Development club provides a way for students to learn about and con-
nect to international development jobs. We host networking and informational
events with SAIS alumni and other professionals, and also conduct several
development-related trainings. Our events are run by volunteer facilitators, and
students are encouraged to suggest and help organize events they are interested
in. Students interested in joining our mailing list to be informed of upcoming
events and job and internship postings should email [email protected] with
their name, concentration, and date of graduation. Also, if you have an event
idea or would like to help with any of our upcoming events, please let us know!
So far this year we have hosted events with past CID alumni, nonprofit leaders,
and World Bank employees. We have events with the IDB,
microfinance professionals, and a training on "austere medicine" for develop-
ment workers overseas this year.
The Alexander Hamilton Society
The Alexander Hamilton Society is an independent, non-partisan organization
that seeks to promote constructive debate on contemporary issues in foreign,
economic, and national security policy. Membership is founded upon a belief
in a common set of principles, although we wish to encourage debate in order
to improve the quality of public discourse. The Alexander Hamilton Society
began last year at a dozen universities; there are now more than 30 Alexander
Hamilton Society student chapters nationwide, as well as two professional
chapters in New York and Washington, DC. We host public debates each
semester on a contemporary foreign policy or national security issue as well as
small, monthly lunches at SAIS to discuss a chosen topic among members.
Leadership roles are open and available to any who attend meetings regularly.
Contact information: Nicole Silverman or Jacklyn Schay at: