Oct. 3 Define Define Review for Curriculum Assessment Review for Curriculum Assessment Take Curriculum Assessment Take Curriculum Assessment Agree/Disagree.

Oct. 3Oct. 3

Define Define Review for Curriculum Review for Curriculum

AssessmentAssessment Take Curriculum Take Curriculum

AssessmentAssessment Agree/DisagreeAgree/Disagree Notes on Rise of IslamNotes on Rise of Islam Activity on Rise of Activity on Rise of

IslamIslam

IslamIslam QuranQuran Shari’ahShari’ah hajjhajj

Agree/DisagreeAgree/Disagree

Islam is a monotheistic religion and the leaders Islam is a monotheistic religion and the leaders are called Muslims.are called Muslims.

Muhammad is the son of Allah, the God of Islam.Muhammad is the son of Allah, the God of Islam. The Sunni-Shiite split is over the successor to The Sunni-Shiite split is over the successor to

Muhammad. Muhammad. Islamic women earned certain rights before Islamic women earned certain rights before

women in Europe.women in Europe.

The Rise of IslamThe Rise of Islam

Islam’s beginningsIslam’s beginnings

610 C.E., Muhammad has visions revealing God’s teachings

Written in Qur’an Draws from Judeo-Christian

origins Monotheistic Believers called Muslims

Five Pillars of IslamFive Pillars of Islam

Belief in one God (Allah), Muhammad is prophet Prayer 5 times daily Giving of alms (charity) Fasting during Ramadan Pilgrimage to Mecca What do the Jewish people

that is similar? 10 Commandments

Important DocumentsImportant Documents

Qur’an (like bible) Hadith (sayings and conduct of

the prophet Muhammad) fatwas (the rulings of Islamic

scholars)

ShariaSharia Islamic law Based upon sources like Qur’an, Hadith and

fatwas Law regulates daily life

– Dietary restrictions (no pork, alcohol)– Impacts formal and informal legal institutions &

policymaking

Spread of IslamSpread of Islam Arab tribes unified under Islam Led to expansion east to Spain, west to Indus

River– Missionaries spread Islam to Sub-Saharan Africa, India,

and Indonesia– Emphasized simple living, charitable works, and

meditation for closer relationship with Allah

Sunni-Shiite splitSunni-Shiite split Over successor to Muhammad Led to division within Islam Still exists within religion today

– Sunnis believe anyone can assume leadership– Shiites believe leadership must be descendent of

Prophet 

Role and Status of WomenRole and Status of Women

Varies in countries and regions Men and women treated as equals But socially and legally, women’s status is lower

than men’s

Women given certain rights in law before Europe– Property rights (dowry

remained property of bride, women could earn wages and manage their money)

– Inheritance rights– Marriage as contract based

upon consent / divorce was a possibility

Islamic Empire structured in paternalistic fashion Veiling and head covering (a pre-Islamic Persian

practice) became more widespread over time Polygamy

(harem)

Agree/DisagreeAgree/Disagree

Islam is a monotheistic religion and the leaders Islam is a monotheistic religion and the leaders are called Muslims.are called Muslims.

Muhammad is the son of Allah, the God of Islam.Muhammad is the son of Allah, the God of Islam. The Sunni-Shiite split is over the successor to The Sunni-Shiite split is over the successor to

Muhammad. Muhammad. Islamic women earned certain rights before Islamic women earned certain rights before

women in Europe.women in Europe.

Oct. 5Oct. 5

Define Define Agree/DisagreeAgree/Disagree Quiz over Rise of Quiz over Rise of

IslamIslam Notes on Islamic Notes on Islamic

EmpireEmpire Activity on Islamic Activity on Islamic

EmpireEmpire

caliphcaliph jihadjihad sultansultan mosquemosque

Agree/DisagreeAgree/Disagree

Islam believes in separation of church and state.Islam believes in separation of church and state. Europeans were frightened of Islamic Empire.Europeans were frightened of Islamic Empire. Jews and Christians were treated harshly by Jews and Christians were treated harshly by

Muslims.Muslims. Muslims accepted those that followed Hinduism.Muslims accepted those that followed Hinduism.

Islamic EmpireIslamic Empire Arabs benefit from decline Byzantine and Persian

empires Start conquests led by Muhammad and

successors (Caliphs) from 650-1000 Conquered Persia, Mesopotamia, North Africa,

Spain, and part of India

Empire called Islamic Empire, Arab Empire, or Islamic Caliphate– Position of Caliph created to continue political

leadership position within Islamic community– Caliphs were head of both religion and politics

(theocracy)

Umayyad CaliphateUmayyad Caliphate Second major Caliphate Arab Dominated Military aggressive Empire covered more than 5 million miles

Abbasid CaliphateAbbasid Caliphate Third Arab Caliphate

– Developed a strong bureaucracy to run the huge empire

Built capitol in Baghdad More inclusive than Umayyad Declined with rise of Turkish army

Fragmentation of EmpireFragmentation of Empire

Splinter states broke off or emerged– Egypt (Fatimid and later Mamluk)– Anatolia (Seljuk Turks)– India (Delhi Sultanate)– Spain (Caliphate of Cordoba)

Economic ImpactEconomic Impact

Center of east-west world trade (ex. Silk Roads and Indian Ocean)

Banks throughout empire to facilitate trade

Impact on Africa and AsiaImpact on Africa and Asia

Muslim traders move to East Africa and Indonesia to trade goods (ex. salt)– African kings saw Islam as valuable. Reinforced

authority and increased trade in gold, salt, ivory, and slaves.

– Islam’s emphasis on Qur’an increased literacy.– Traditional tribal law replaced by Sharia law

Impact on EuropeImpact on Europe

European and Byzantine empires frightened by Muslim expansion

Launched holy wars (Crusades) against Muslims

Wanted to regain holy land (Jerusalem)

Muslims, Christians, Jewish Muslims, Christians, Jewish interactionsinteractions

Non-Muslims conquered encouraged to convert to Islam

If do, treated as equals

Religious ToleranceReligious Tolerance

Regarded Christian and Jewish subjects as believers in same God

Usually allowed to worship freely Often had to pay special tax (Jinnah) Unable to hold political positions.

““Pagan” believersPagan” believers

Were Hindus, Buddhists, polytheists, and other non-Abrahamic religions

Often treated more harshly Possible enslavement Belief systems were suppressed.

Agree/DisagreeAgree/Disagree

Islam believes in separation of church and state.Islam believes in separation of church and state. Europeans were frightened of Islamic Empire.Europeans were frightened of Islamic Empire. Jews and Christians were treated harshly by Jews and Christians were treated harshly by

Muslims.Muslims. Muslims accepted those that followed Hinduism.Muslims accepted those that followed Hinduism.

Muslim Population World WideMuslim Population World Wide AreaArea Muslim Pop.Muslim Pop. Total Pop.Total Pop.South AsiaSouth Asia 178,000178,000 1,001,700,0001,001,700,000Central AsiaCentral Asia 212,100,000212,100,000 243,900,000243,900,000SE AsiaSE Asia 185,200,000185,200,000 453,500,000453,500,000East AsiaEast Asia 22,400,00022,400,000 1,326,600,0001,326,600,000Middle EastMiddle East 124,300,000124,300,000 134,400,000134,400,000N. AfricaN. Africa 150,600,000150,600,000 167,600,000167,600,000West AfricaWest Africa 91,300,00091,300,000 240,700,000240,700,000S&E AfricaS&E Africa 41,100,00041,100,000 250,300,000250,300,000N. AmericaN. America 5,600,0005,600,000 250,300,000250,300,000S. AmericaS. America 1,300,0001,300,000 450,000,000450,000,000EuropeEurope 12,500,00012,500,000 725,000,000725,000,000OceaniaOceania 100,000100,000 26,000,00026,000,000

Oct. 7Oct. 7

Define: Define: Quiz over Islamic Quiz over Islamic

EmpireEmpire Agree/DisagreeAgree/Disagree Notes over Notes over

contributions from contributions from Islamic EmpireIslamic Empire

Activity on contributions Activity on contributions from Islamic Empirefrom Islamic Empire

dowrydowry bazaarbazaar astrolabeastrolabe minaretminaret

Agree/DisagreeAgree/Disagree

Islamic Empire made great advances in Algebra Islamic Empire made great advances in Algebra and Geometry.and Geometry.

Muslims developed the first hospitals.Muslims developed the first hospitals. Muslims destroyed ancient Greek philosophical Muslims destroyed ancient Greek philosophical

works.works. Muslims developed the astrolabe.Muslims developed the astrolabe.

Islamic ContributionsIslamic Contributions

Golden Age of Muslim Culture: period in which Arab/Islamic Empire was center of cultural significance and scientific advances

Learning CentersLearning Centers Cities like Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba Hosted great libraries (Great Library of Baghdad) Preserved ancient classical texts as well as new

Islamic knowledge.

Advances in MathAdvances in Math Adoption Arabic numerals (Indian numerals) Led to advances in Algebra (created by 9th century

Iranian) and Geometry.

Scientific AdvancesScientific Advances

Astronomical observations– Knowledge of round Earth

Ibn Sina wrote major medical book text– Basis for medicine in Islamic

world and Europe First hospitals developed.

PhilosophicalPhilosophical

Preserved and translated ancient Greek works like Aristotle

Reintroduced them to Europeans through trade and conflict

Helped spark Renaissance and oceanic explorations of 15th and 16th centuries

TechnologicalTechnological

Astrolabe– used stars for ocean

navigation– Eventually allowed European

explorers to cross Atlantic– Found new routes to Asian

markets beginning around 1500.

Art & ArchitectureArt & Architecture

Emphasized geometric patterns like stars

Calligraphy in writing Religious structures

(mosques) showcased advances (domes, minarets) in large-scale architecture.

Diffusion from East to WestDiffusion from East to West

Ideas that spread from Far East (China) across Muslim world to Western Europe through trade:– Gunpowder– Astrolabe– Compass– sailing techs– papermaking

Impact of Islam in IndiaImpact of Islam in India

Muslim invaders establish Delhi Sultanate Later destroyed by Timur Lenk (Tamerlane) Many in northwest India (modern day Pakistan)

converted to Islam– Lower caste Hindus convert to raise social status

Muslim-Hindu tensionsMuslim-Hindu tensions

Tension continues today in India and Pakistan– Monotheism vs. Polytheism– Equality of Believers vs. Caste System

Impact on Southeast AsiaImpact on Southeast Asia

Most Indonesians converted to Islam due to influence of Muslim traders and regional rulers

Islamic merchants set up Malacca Sultanate– controlled major trade route through Strait of

Malacca. – Java is major center of spice trade

Agree/DisagreeAgree/Disagree

Islamic Empire made great advances in Algebra Islamic Empire made great advances in Algebra and Geometry.and Geometry.

Muslims developed the first hospitals.Muslims developed the first hospitals. Muslims destroyed ancient Greek philosophical Muslims destroyed ancient Greek philosophical

works.works. Muslims developed the astrolabe.Muslims developed the astrolabe.

Most early Arabs were polytheistic, but Allah (Arabic for “God”) was the supreme God.

They traced their ancestry to Abraham and his son Ishmael, who were believed to have built a shrine called the Kaaba at Makkah (Mecca).

Muhammad born into merchant family in Makkah. He was orphaned early. He became a caravan manager and married his boss, a rich widow named Khadija.

Muhammad troubled by gap in area between rich merchants and most Makkans, who he thought were simple and honest.

He went to the hills to meditate. While meditating, Muslims believe Muhammad received revelations from God and messages were given by angel Gabriel, who told Muhammad to recite what he heard.

Muhammad came to believe that Allah had revealed himself partially through Moses (Judaism) and Jesus (Christianity), and Allah’s final revelations were to him. Quran, the holy scriptures of Islam, came out of these revelations.

(The word Islam means “submission to the will of Allah.”) The Quran contains ethical guidelines for Muslims, those who practice Islam. Islam has only one God, Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.

From 650-1000, Muhammad and From 650-1000, Muhammad and successors led armies out of Arabia. Used successors led armies out of Arabia. Used nomadic fighting skill, desire for land and nomadic fighting skill, desire for land and loot, and faith in new religion to conquer loot, and faith in new religion to conquer Persia, Mesopotamia, North Africa, Spain, Persia, Mesopotamia, North Africa, Spain, and part of India. Empire is called Islamic and part of India. Empire is called Islamic Empire or Arab Empire.Empire or Arab Empire.

Economic ImpactEconomic Impact

Islamic lands are center of East-West world Islamic lands are center of East-West world trade (ex. Silk Roads and Indian Ocean)trade (ex. Silk Roads and Indian Ocean)

European ReactionEuropean Reaction

Europeans and Byzantine Europeans and Byzantine Empire frightened of Empire frightened of Muslim expansion into Muslim expansion into Spain and Mediterranean. Spain and Mediterranean. Launched aggressive Launched aggressive series of wars (Crusades) series of wars (Crusades) against Muslims in the against Muslims in the Holy Land (Levant). Holy Land (Levant).

Religious ToleranceReligious Tolerance

Muslims generally regarded Christian and Muslims generally regarded Christian and Jewish subjects as believers in same Jewish subjects as believers in same tradition as Islam, so they were usually tradition as Islam, so they were usually allowed to worship freely, although they allowed to worship freely, although they often had to pay a special tax (Jinnah).”often had to pay a special tax (Jinnah).”

Pagan believers (Hindus, Buddhists, Pagan believers (Hindus, Buddhists, polytheists, and other non-Abrahamic polytheists, and other non-Abrahamic religions) were often treated more harshly religions) were often treated more harshly and suppressed.and suppressed.

Five Pillars of IslamFive Pillars of Islam

1. Believe in Allah and Muhammad as prophet 2. Pray to Allah five times a day with public

prayer on Fridays 3. Give alms to poor and unfortunate 4. Observe holy month of Ramadan,

especially by fasting 5. Make pilgrimage to Makkah once, if

possible. Pilgrimage is called the hajj.

ShariahShariah Law code based on Quranic interpretations Law code based on Quranic interpretations

that regulate daily life, such as dietary that regulate daily life, such as dietary restrictions (pork, alcohol).restrictions (pork, alcohol).

Sunni-Shiite SplitSunni-Shiite Split

Political and religious differences over Political and religious differences over succession to Muhammad led to a division succession to Muhammad led to a division within the faith and the Islamic empire. Two within the faith and the Islamic empire. Two divisions, Sunnis and Shiites.divisions, Sunnis and Shiites.

Role of WomenRole of Women

Women enjoy more equality in Islam’s early Women enjoy more equality in Islam’s early period, before conquest and contact with period, before conquest and contact with more settled civilizations led to treatment of more settled civilizations led to treatment of women as objects in some households, women as objects in some households, especially elite households (harem). Islamic especially elite households (harem). Islamic practice allows 4 wives. Polygamy was practice allows 4 wives. Polygamy was widespread with those who could afford it. widespread with those who could afford it.

Islamic Contribution:Islamic Contribution:Learning centersLearning centers

Islamic cities such as Baghdad, Cairo, and Islamic cities such as Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba host great libraries and became Cordoba host great libraries and became centers of learning (Great Library of centers of learning (Great Library of Baghdad), preserving ancient classical texts Baghdad), preserving ancient classical texts and knowledge and new Islamic knowledge.and knowledge and new Islamic knowledge.

Mathematical: Algebra, Arabic Numerals Mathematical: Algebra, Arabic Numerals (from Indian trade).(from Indian trade).

Scientific: Astronomical observations, Scientific: Astronomical observations, knowledge of round earth. Ibn Sina knowledge of round earth. Ibn Sina compiled major medical text that was basis compiled major medical text that was basis for medicine in both the Islamic lands and for medicine in both the Islamic lands and Europe (idea of contagious disease). Europe (idea of contagious disease).

Philosophical: Islamic scholars preserve and Philosophical: Islamic scholars preserve and translate ancient Greek works such as translate ancient Greek works such as Aristotle; reintroduce them to Europe from Aristotle; reintroduce them to Europe from trade and crusade contact. Helps spark trade and crusade contact. Helps spark Renaissance and oceanic explorations of Renaissance and oceanic explorations of the 15the 15thth and 16 and 16thth centuries. centuries.

Technological: Astrolabe invented to use Technological: Astrolabe invented to use stars for navigation; allows European stars for navigation; allows European explorers to cross Atlantic and try to find explorers to cross Atlantic and try to find new routes to Asian markets beginning new routes to Asian markets beginning around 1500.around 1500.

Diffusion of ideas from East to West: Diffusion of ideas from East to West: Gunpowder, astrolabe, compass, sailing Gunpowder, astrolabe, compass, sailing techniques, papermaking, and other techniques, papermaking, and other technologies spread from far east (China) technologies spread from far east (China) across Muslim world to Western Europe across Muslim world to Western Europe through trade with Mediterranean (Crusades through trade with Mediterranean (Crusades and Mongol roads helped open this trade).and Mongol roads helped open this trade).

Muhammad did not separate political and religious authority. Submission to the will of Allah meant submitting to his prophet, and Muhammad became a religious, political, and military leader.

In 630 Muhammad returned to Makkah with ten thousand soldiers. The city surrendered and many residents converted to Islam. Muhammad declared the Kaaba a sacred shrine. Two years later, Muhammad died, as Islam was first spreading throughout the Arabian Peninsula.

Islam is monotheistic. Allah is the all-powerful Creator of everything. Islam offers salvation and the hope of an afterlife for those who subject themselves to Allah’s will.

Muhammad is not considered divine, as Jesus is. He is a prophet who conveys Allah’s final revelation. To do Allah’s will, one must follow an ethical code comprised of the Five Pillars of Islam.

The Five PillarsThe Five Pillars

1. Believe in Allah and Muhammad as his prophet

2. Pray to Allah five times a day with public prayer on Fridays

3. Give alms to the poor and unfortunate 4. Observe the holy month of Ramadan,

especially by fasting 5. Make a pilgrimage to Makkah once, if

possible. This pilgrimage is called the hajj.

Islam is more a way of life than a set of beliefs.