Oct 2003 – April 2004 Review – Optical Properties of Nanoscale Arrays, CMI-001; Fabricate Voltage-Tunable Photonic Devices Filled With Ferroelectrics,

Oct 2003 – April 2004 Review – Optical Properties of Nanoscale Arrays, CMI-001;

Fabricate Voltage-Tunable Photonic Devices Filled With Ferroelectrics, P/097

CMI Project Review:

Optical Properties of Nanoscale Arrays

CMI-001

Fabricate Voltage-Tunable Photonic Devices

Filled with Ferroelectrics

P/097

Nov 2003 – April 2004



Optical Properties of Nanoscale ArraysVoltage-Tunable Photonic Devices

Cambridge PI : Prof. James F. Scott, Earth Science Dept.

MIT PI : Prof. Keith A Nelson, Chemistry Dept.• Brief Description of Project:

Fabricate micron- or submicron-arrays of voltage-tunable ferroelectric devices consisting of two-dimensional patterns of high refractive index rods

Characterize GHz-THz dielectric responses through "polaritonics" measurements w/ micron spatial resolution

• Summary of Intended Outcomes:

Delivery and test of a small number of prototype devices

Prototype apparatus for GHz-THz dielectric metrology




Ferroelectric nanotube arrays fabricated by the Cambridge group




International interest in nanotube arrays




"Polaritonics" platform developed by the MIT groupGHz-THz signal generation, guidance, control, focusing, imaging, & readout

Spatiotemporal imaging allows direct visualization of wave

propagation

Spatiotemporal femtosecond pulse shaping sends pulses to specified addresses at specified times to launch polariton waves

Femtosecond laser machining of polariton waveguides, tips, & other functional elements




Polaritonics: The Movies

Polaritons Fabricated Structures

Coherent Control



Progress In Past Six Months

• Important activities, collaborations:New deposition technique (simplified) using fluid pore-wetting rather than misted

CSDUse of cheap, commercially available porous alumina (Whatman Anodisc) rather

than porous Si. Pore sizes 200 nm and 20 nmDeposition of palladium electrodes on flat substrates using palladium acetate.Two collaborations (U of Trento, Italy and U of Stockholm, Sweden) to provide

porous Si substrates (no IP conditions – acknowledgement on publications only)Preliminary discussions with venture capitalists regarding licensing of nanotubes

(Generics Group Cambridge, Seiko-Epson Lab Cambridge, Cambridge Consults)Characterization of high-dielectric crystals for potential use as tip materialsGeneration and calibration of high-intensity (10-50 kV/cm) GHz-THz polaritons for

FE switching applications Collaboration with Columbia Univ. to obtain micron thickness ferroelectric films for

tip fabrication




• Important activities, collaborations:Collaborative measurements on Cambridge Univ samplesDr. Finlay Morrison (Cambridge Univ) visit with Cambridge samples to MIT

Exploratory measurements on FE nanotubes in porous silicon & bare porous silicon

Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, SEM, GHz-THz dielectric measurements, FTIR measurements conducted; all measurements possible with sample morphology

SHG measurements yielded clear results showing FE signatures, periodic array

Groundwork laid for more definitive measurements to follow on additional samples

SHG microscopy reveals FE nanotubes in partially filled porous silicon substrate




• Milestones achieved:Reproducibe deposition via pore wetting technique rather than “mist” chemical solution deposition

(CSD) of 40-nm wall-thickness ferroelectric nanotubes of strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT)Source of nanoporous Si and alumina with pore sizes ranging from 1 micron to 20 nm obtained.Generation and calibration of high-intensity (10-50 kV/cm) GHz-THz polaritons for FE switching

applications

• Deliverables completed:One porous Si sample with ca. 5 million nanotubes of SBT partially separated from host Si

(embedded only at one end) fabricated.Sample delivered to MIT and initial exploratory measurements carried out.Automated Spatiotemporal Diffraction of Ultrashort Laser Pulses, J.C. Vaughan, T. Feurer, and

K.A. Nelson, Opt. Lett. 28, 2408-2410 (2003). Simulation of phonon-polariton propagation in ferroelectric LiNbO3, D.W. Ward, E. Statz, N.S.

Stoyanov, K.A. Nelson, in Engineered Porosity for Microphotonics and Plasmonics: MRS Symposium Proceedings, vol. 762, R. Wehrspohn, F. Garcial-Vidal, M. Notomi, and A. Scherer, eds. (Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA, 2003), pp. C11.60.1-6.



Plans For Next Six Months

• Expected activities, collaborations :Optimization of palladium electrode depositionDeposition of concentric palladium electrodesFabrication of nanotubes of other ferroelectric materials e.g. PZTUse of Si and alumina substrates allowing a range of tube diameters from

1 micron to 20 nmContinued discussions regarding commercial licensing of nanotube devicesFurther collaborative measurements at MIT of Cambridge samplesFurther characterization of additional ferroelectric materials GHz-THz

dielectric functions for selection of optimal tip componentsGeneration of higher intensity (50-100 kV/cm) GHz-THz polaritons for

potential applications in ultrafast noncontact switching of ferroelectricsFDTD simulations of tips to optimize geometry, compositionTip fabrication using recently acquired micron thick FE films



Plans For Next Six Months

• Expected milestones:Achievement (never reported by other laboratories) of concentric cylindrical

electrodes using organic Pd precursors

Measurement of voltage-tunable effects

50-100 kV/cm polariton field levels reached for attempts at FE switching

Measurements on additional Cambridge samples at MIT

• Expected deliverables:Additional samples delivered from Cambridge to MIT

Disclosure and patent filing for GHz-THz scanning microscopy tips and methods



Other Items

• Developments worth publicizing:Cambridge publication of prototype device structures (J. Phys. Condensed

Matter, 15, L527-532 (2003)) was selected by the editorial board as among their best papers of the year.

Cambridge postdoc Finlay Morrison has been awarded Royal Society Research Fellowship for independent research as a result of participation in CMI project.

• Modifications to statement of work and/or funding:Fabrication methods developed at Cambridge may be suitable for tip

fabrication needed at MIT. This possibility should be pursued.



Other Items

• Expected financial profile:

Discussions with venture capitalists concerning the Cambridge technology are continuing.

• Anything else:

PI Scott and postdoc Finlay Morrison will be delivering invited talks at the Ferroelectrics UK meeting and several others at which CMI project results will be highlighted.

PI Nelson is the program organizer for the leading ultrafast spectroscopy meeting in Japan this summer, where CMI project results will be presented. Invited talks at the Optical Society of America meeting and others also will be presented.

MIT student David Ward participated in Cambridge seminar on Nanotechnology, sponsored by CMI, April 2004



Challenges And/or Issues To Address

• Problem/Concern:Problem of a source for porous silicon substrates (last report) has been

resolved through new collaborations with Univ. Trento and Univ. Stockholm.

CMI help in marketing the DRAM trench and other intellectual property has been highly effective, and should continue.

MIT problem of a source for thin FE films for tip fabrication has been resolved through collaboration with Columbia Univ.

Primary remaining problem is financial support for continuation of highly successful and highly visible activities.

• Plan for resolution:Seek additional funding source(s) in both host countries

• How CMI can help:Sustain or increase support level through duration of CMI project. Assist in identifying and encouraging sources of additional support.



PR / Communications / Events

• Any previous press interest in your project? By whom? What media?

• Upcoming events, major publications, noteworthy dates in the next six months:

• Do you need any help with your PR / communications / event planning?

Oct 2003 – April 2004 Review – Optical Properties of Nanoscale Arrays, CMI-001; Fabricate Voltage-Tunable Photonic Devices Filled With Ferroelectrics,

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