OCR GCSE (9-1) Physical Education Topic Exploration Pack ... … · Web viewMovement term Description 1 Abduction 9 Movement pattern in the transverse plane across the longitudinal
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Topic Exploration Pack
Biomechanics Instructions and answers for teachers................................................................................................2
Mapping to the specification level: Learning outcomes..............................................................2
These instructions cover the student activity section which can be found on page 19. This Topic Exploration Pack supports OCR GCSE (9-1) Physical Education.
When distributing the activity section to the students either as a printed copy or as a Word file you will need to remove the teacher instructions section.
Mapping to the specification level: Learning outcomes1. Know the three planes of movement (frontal, transverse and sagittal).
2. Give examples of the three planes of movement from physical activity and sport.
3. Know the three axes of rotation (frontal, transverse and longitudinal).
4. Give examples of the three axes of rotation from physical activity and sport.
Introduction
Movement analysisIn topic area 1.1c ‘Movement Analysis’, learners will have the opportunity to develop their knowledge and understanding of planes of movement and axes of rotation.
In the topic area ‘Planes of movement and axes of rotation’ learners will need to know the location of the planes of movement (frontal, transverse and sagittal) and axes of rotation (frontal, transverse and longitudinal) in the body and their application to physical activity and sport.
In Task 1, learners will develop their knowledge of the basic terminology required surrounding planes of movement and axes of rotation. There is also an opportunity for learners to recap and apply knowledge from the topic area ‘Types of movement at hinge joints and ball and socket joints’. This is further developed with more advanced terms that are not within the specification but will support knowledge and understanding of the ‘Movement Analysis’ topic area.
Task 2 further develops the learners’ knowledge from Task 1 and learners will need to apply their knowledge and understanding by labelling different pictures and diagrams relating to planes of movement and axes of rotation.
Task 3 allows learners to apply planes of movement and axes of rotation to various physical activities and sport in a range of different tasks.
Stretch and challenge tasks Use the colour coded key in Task 2 (a): Sagittal plane – Red, Transverse plane – Green and
Frontal plane – Blue
Colour in the relevant boxes using the above key in all table tasks (see Appendix 1.1 for an example).
Apply your knowledge of axes of rotation to planes of movement practical examples and vice versa. For example, in Task 3 (c) the ice skating spin is a movement pattern performed in the transverse plane about a longitudinal axis.
Task 1 Teacher answersa) What is a plane of movement?
All movements performed by the body are carried out across three dimensions. These dimensions are the planes of movement and divide the body using imaginary lines (flat planes).
b) What is an axis of rotation?
Movements of the body can occur around three axes. Every joint movement is carried out in a plane about an axis which is imaginary straight lines that rotate the body.
c) What are the three planes of movement that pass through the human body?
The three planes of movement can be identified as the frontal, transverse and sagittal.
g) Fill in the missing words from the table below (Not all words are needed and some words maybe used more than once):
Movement in physical activity and sport can be described using a series of planes and axes. There are three planes of motion that pass through the human body. These are called the sagittal plane, the frontal plane and the transverse plane. The sagittal plane is also known as the median plane and lies vertically. This plane divides the body into right and left parts. The frontal plane also lies vertically and divides the body into front (anterior ) and back (posterior) parts. This frontal plane is also known as the coronal plane. The transverse plane lies horizontally and divides the body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior) parts. This plane is also sometimes referred to as the horizontal plane.
An axis is an imaginary straight line around which a body or body part rotates. Movement at a joint takes place in a plane about an axis. There are three axes of rotation. The frontal axis passes horizontally from back (posterior) to front (anterior). The transverse axis passes horizontally from left to right. The longitudinal axis is also known as the vertical axis and passes vertically from the bottom (inferior) to the top (superior).
Task 3: Answersa) Design a circuit training programme that includes two dominant exercises for each of the three
planes of movement.
This task can link with 1.2.b. Applying the principles of training – Optimising training.
Circuit training programme
Please note there are many different exercises that learners may correctly use within the design of their circuit training programme. The table below is a sample of two exercises carried out within each of the three different movement planes.
Exercise Dominant plane of movement Description of movement
Squat Sagittal Flexion and extension
Star jumps Frontal Abduction and adduction
Cable wood chop Transverse Right and left rotation
Bicep curls Sagittal Flexion and extension
Side lying leg lifts Frontal Abduction and adduction
b) Link the following skills from a variety of practical activities and sports to match up the skill to dominant axis of rotation and to the correct description of the axis of rotation.
c) Identify and describe the dominant plane of movement for the following:
Plane of movement: Sagittal plane
Description:
Sprinting is performed by flexion and extension of the arms and legs.
Plane of movement: Transverse plane
Description:
A golf swing consists of various different movements including rotation.
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Task 3a) Design a circuit training programme that includes two dominant exercises for each of the
three planes of movement.
This task can link with 1.2.b. Applying the principles of training – Optimising training.
Circuit training Programme
Please note there are many different exercises that learners may correctly use within the design of their circuit training programme. The table below is a sample of two exercises carried out within each of the three different movement planes.
Exercise Dominant plane of movement Description of movement
b) Link the following skills from a variety of practical activities and sports to match up the skill to dominant axis of rotation and to the correct description of the axis of rotation.
c) Identify and describe the dominant plane of movement for the following:
Task 4 (Practical tasks)Please note that this task will depend on the quality of the resources and the standard of the plasticine performers. This task may also be time consuming as a new performer may need to be made to allow each insertion of the card for the plane of movement and/or insertion of the the ‘skewer’ for each axis of rotation.
You will need the following resources or equivalent:
plasticine/blue tac/play doh
plastic drinking straws
cocktail sticks
small pieces of card cut to same size as a standard playing card.
Learners can apply the following practical tasks to help gain an understanding of the types of movement allowed within each plane of movement and axes of rotation.
a) Create two small plasticine performers.
Apply the following instructions:
i. Insert a piece of card that intersects the plasticine performer:
Vertically so it is separated into the left and right hand parts = sagittal plane
Vertically so it is separated into the front and back parts = frontal plane
Horizontally so the body is separated into the top and bottom parts = transverse plane.
ii. Use the skewers/cocktail sticks to pierce the plasticine performer:
Through the back to the front of the body = frontal axis
Through the side of the body - left to right = transverse axis
Through the top down to the bottom = longitudinal axis
b) An alternative to (a) is to follow the instructions in (i) and (ii) but cut out the performer shape in Appendix 1.1 and use scissors or draw ruler lines to show the three planes of movement and use sellotape to stick straws showing each of the three axes of rotation.
c) Rotate the plasticine performer/paper cut out using each of the three axes of rotation and observe the movement occurring (Dominant plane/axis). Rotate the each axis to perform a cartwheel (frontal axis), front somersault in trampolining (transverse axis) and a spin in ice skating (longitudinal axis). Choose your own skills and carry out the movement by rotating the cocktail stick around each of the axes.