oceanography

Ch. 11-The Oceans

1. _____-

sound navigation and ranging

sonar

2. _________________- relatively flat part of the continent that is under seawater

continental shelf

3. _________________- steeply dipping surface between the continental shelf and the ocean basin

continental slope

4. _______________- flat, almost level part of ocean basin

abyssal plain

5. _________________-underwater mountain chain

mid-ocean ridges

6. _______- a long, narrow, steep sided depression where one crustal plate sinks beneath another; deepest-

trench

Mariana Trench

Subduction zone

7. __________- cracks in the Earth’s crust through which molten materials rise (new crust is made)

rift valley

8. ______- rhythmic movement of energy through matter or space

wave

A._________- highest point of a wave

B. _________- lowest point of a wave

crest

trough

D. ____________- vertical distance between crest and trough

wave length

wave height

C. ___________- horizontal distance from one crest to the next

E. ___________- number of waves that pass a point in a certain amount of time

frequencyfrequency

9. ________- extremely dangerous and powerful ocean waves usually caused by an earthquake

tsunami

10. ________________- ocean current that flows__________ to the shore.

longshore currentparallel

11. __________ - narrow ocean current that flows at a right angle from the shore.

rip current

12. ______- shallow water waves caused by the gravitational pull of the sun, moon and Earth and size and shape of the tidal basin

tides

sun

moonEarth

A. ______________- when the highest high tides and lowest low tides occur; sun, moon and Earth are in a row

spring tides

sun

moon

Earth

B. ____________- minimum tides: moon is at a right angle to Earth

neap tides

C. ____________- difference between high and low tide

Tidal rangeTidal range

13. ____________- the measure of dissolved solids in ocean water

salinity

14. ________________- removal of salt from ocean water to make fresh water

desalination

15. _________________- currents carried by the wind

A. Influenced by:

(1) _____________

(2)______________B. West coast- _______ East coast- _______

surface currents

The Coriolis Effect

Continents coldwarm

16. Layers of the ocean:

A. _____________- fairly warm; down to about 200-300 m

B. _____________- about 5º C; layer of separation

C. ______________- 1º C; approximately 3000 m

surface zone

thermocline

deep zone

surface zone

thermocline

deep zone

17. ______________-area where nutrient rich water rises to the top; rich fishing area

upwelling

18._______- pattern of weather of an area over a long period of time

climate

19. _________- an abnormal climate event that occurs every 2-7 years in the Pacific Ocean;

makes cold waters

warm

El NiEl Niñoño

(La Niña is the cold current).

20. _____________ ________________- currents that move because of changes in temperaturetemperature and/or salinitysalinity

density or deep density or deep water currentswater currents