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Ocean Acidification: the Process, the Future, and the Past Mieke Vrijmoet Communicating Science to the Public Nov 5 2013
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Page 1: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

Ocean Acidification: the Process, the Future, and the Past

Mieke VrijmoetCommunicating Science to the PublicNov 5 2013

Page 2: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

The Mechanism

Image courtesy NOAA, Monteray Bay National Marine Sanctuary

Page 3: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

Why does a change in CO3- matter?

Image courtesy US EPA

Page 4: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

Coral Reefs and Ocean Acidification

Image courtesy Wikimedia Commons

Page 5: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

Will this happen everywhere?

Image courtesy Wikimedia commons with data via GODAP and Global Oceans Atlas

Page 6: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

Paired with global warming….

● Changes to range, community composition, and increased stress

● Possibility of coral bleaching

Page 7: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

So what does it mean for the future?

Page 8: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

Wait… this has happened before?

Sharp decrease in calcium carbonate shows major decrease in calcifying organisms

Source: Zachos, Science, 2005

Page 9: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

how do we know that?

Page 10: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

Can we stop it?

Page 11: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

Our future remains to be seen!

Page 12: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

Works CitedFord, Mary S. (Jesse). “A 10 000-Yr History of Natural Ecosystem Acidification.” Ecological Monographs 60.1 (1990): 57–89. JSTOR. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.

Goeij, Jasper M. de, and Fleur C. van Duyl. “Coral Cavities Are Sinks of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC).” Limnology and Oceanography 52.6 (2007): 2608–2617.

Print.

Hoegh-Guldberg, O. et al. “Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification.” Science 318.5857 (2007): 1737–1742. www.sciencemag.org. Web. 5

Nov. 2013.

Kiessling, Wolfgang, and Carl Simpson. “On the Potential for Ocean Acidification to Be a General Cause of Ancient Reef Crises.” Global Change Biology 17.1

(2011): 56–67. EBSCOhost. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.

Kroeker, Kristy J. et al. “Meta-analysis Reveals Negative yet Variable Effects of Ocean Acidification on Marine Organisms.” Ecology Letters 13.11 (2010): 1419–

1434. Wiley Online Library. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.

Lebrato, M. et al. “From the Arctic to the Antarctic: The Major, Minor, and Trace Elemental Composition of Echinoderm Skeletons: Ecological Archives E094-127.”

Ecology 94.6 (2013): 1434. Print.

Mcleod, Elizabeth et al. “Preparing to Manage Coral Reefs for Ocean Acidification: Lessons from Coral Bleaching.” Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 11.1

(2012): 20–27. ESA Journals. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.

Page 13: Ocean acidification: the process, the future, and the past

Works Cited (continued)Nikolaidis, Nikolaos P. et al. “Global Climate Change and Acidic Deposition.” Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 63.4 (1991): 735–746.

Print.

Orr, James C. et al. “Anthropogenic Ocean Acidification over the Twenty-first Century and Its Impact on Calcifying Organisms.” Nature 437.7059 (2005): 681–686.

www.nature.com. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.

Pandolfi, John M. “The Paleoecology of Coral Reefs.” Coral Reefs: An Ecosystem in Transition. Ed. Zvy Dubinsky and Noga Stambler. Dordrecht: Springer

Netherlands, 2011. 13–24. CrossRef. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.

Ries, Justin B., Anne L. Cohen, and Daniel C. McCorkle. “Marine Calcifiers Exhibit Mixed Responses to CO2-induced Ocean Acidification.” Geology 37.12 (2009):

1131–1134. geology.gsapubs.org. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.

Wood, Hannah L., John I. Spicer, and Stephen Widdicombe. “Ocean Acidification May Increase Calcification Rates, but at a Cost.” Proceedings of the Royal Society

B: Biological Sciences 275.1644 (2008): 1767–1773. rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.

Zachos, James C. et al. “Rapid Acidification of the Ocean During the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.” Science 308.5728 (2005): 1611–1615. www.

sciencemag.org. Web. 5 Nov. 2013.