Occupational Medicine at Harvard: Past, Present & Future Challenges Stefanos N. Kales MD MPH FACP FACOEM ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR and DIRECTOR OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE RESIDENCY HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION CHIEF, OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE and MEDICAL DIRECTOR, EMPLOYEE HEALTH & INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE CAMBRIDGE HEALTH ALLIANCE
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Occupational Medicine at Harvard: Past, Present & Future Challenges
Stefanos N. Kales MD MPH FACP FACOEM
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR and DIRECTOR OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE RESIDENCY HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
DIVISION CHIEF, OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE and MEDICAL DIRECTOR, EMPLOYEE HEALTH & INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
In 1919, Dr. Alice Hamilton appointed assistant professor of
industrial medicine at the Harvard Medical School (1922, industrial medicine became a part of the new Harvard School of Public Health).
First woman Harvard Professor Lead poisoning among bathtub enamellers Phossy jaw in matchmakers Mercury poisoning among hatters “Vibration dead fingers" syndrome in jackhammer operators Anemia in workers exposed to benzene.
http://www.faculty.harvard.edu/scholarship-and-
research/faculty-profiles-dr-alice-hamilton
4 Feb 27, 2012 Kales
DRINKER BROTHERS
Dr. Cecil K. Drinker pioneer in industrial medicine Among the first to emphasize respiratory tract as route of absorption for toxic dust and fumes. Strong advocate of industrial hygiene and applied physiology as disciplines in preventive medicine. Brother, Dr. Philip Drinker, developed Drinker Respirator, or "iron lung.“
Philip Drinker
1894 - 1972
Ward of polio patients treated with Drinker-Shaw
patent respirators – 1950s 5 Feb 27, 2012 Kales
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/departments/enviro
nmental-health/department-overview/
Department of Industrial Hygiene HSPH 1939
Significant group of scientists and engineers.
War-orientated work: development of oxygen equipment for high-altitude flight and its physiological evaluation;
protective gas mask to meet the needs of chemical warfare;
heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems and
national health education program for shipyard workers.
Aviation Health and Safety Forerunner of the OM Residency
Ross McFarland faculty HSPH (1947-72)
Highway safety, industrial safety, other human factors work.
Started program “Aviation Health and Safety”
Trained over 200 scientists (“The McFarland boys“) into leaders in aerospace medicine, occupational health, highway safety and epidemiological research.
http://www.libraries.wright.edu/special/colle
ction_guides/guide_files/fsc1vol2.pdf
8 Feb 27, 2012 Kales
Dr. Harriet Hardy pioneer in occupational medicine
Investigated “Salem Sarcoidosis” among factory workers in Lynn and Salem, MA 1940's discovering Berylliosis
1949, created occupational medicine clinic at the Mass General Hospital Director until retiring 1971 and becoming first woman to reach full professor at Harvard Medical School
Departments of Industrial Hygiene, Physiology, and Sanitation Engineering were grouped under Division of Environmental Health and Engineering Sciences led by
Dr. James L. Whittenberger
(1958)
10 Feb 27, 2012 Kales
http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/departments/environm
ental-health/department-overview/
Harvard Educational Resource Center
1977, NIOSH established the Educational Resource Center (ERC) Program to answer the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 mandate to ensure adequate supply of trained professionals in the field of occupational safety and health