OBLICON Labitag

8/19/2019 OBLICON Labitag

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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page 1 o 52

Caveat Lector.

15 January 2009

It is we!! within the right o the se!!er not to "e!i#er$ %oth o the& in co&'ensation &orae. (hen the) agree toconsu&&ate or e*tinguish u!!) e*ecute the contract to"a). But since the %u)er is not rea") to 'a) the 'urchase 'rice$I cannot "e!i#er the +racehorse,. Bu)er on!) has ha! the a&ount$ %ut I cannot gi#e )ou ha! &) horse-

I %u)er not rea") to 'a) the 'urchase 'rice$ se!!er not o%!igate" to "e!i#er the thing an age o!" sa)ing or E/ENSE –

exceptio non adempleti contractus, wherein one o the 'arties &ust 'eror& his 'restation to &ae the other one incurin "e!a) O the other one is +the se!!er can choose$ whether resolve. /or the se!!er$ it is an actua! %reach. rant the%u)er a 'erio"

3owe#er$ there are sti!! two choices. Not merely rescission but also specifc perormance. Unless he perormsthe other party !oes not incur in !elay.

"#L$%&'$"N ($') & *+,$"-

PERIOD – uture e#ent that wi!! certain!) ha''en. 4hough not e*act!) now when it wi!! co&e

2 in!s o perio!1. e5nite or In"e5nite2. Sus'ensi#e 6ex die – ro& the "a)7

6a!rea") create" %ut not )et "ue an" "e&an"a%!e ti! the arri#a! o "a) certain$ %ut nor&a!!)$ "e&an" isnee"e"7 88in reci'roca!$ a!! )ou ha#e to "o is to 'eror& 'restation88 oreso!utor) 6in diem - u' to a "a) certain79!rea") e*ists %ut wi!! %e e*tinguishe" u'on the arri#a! o the "a) certain

88SO :9N; IES- SINE IE – !ast session "a) o the congress- 4he) sto' the c!oc %) 11 P:$ continue "e!i%eratingunti! the %u"get is "one. 4hen :9 can %)'ass o'eration. 3e shou!" %e a c!ient o our stu"ent who is an organtrans'!ant surgeon 6we ha#e that7. (h) "oes he want to !earn the !aw an" su?er through@ 3e is here. 3e has to 'assthrough a hour test with &e 5rst. Or in the wor"s o Pro. :ora!es – tete a tete. 4he on!) 'roessor in this co!!ege whocan s'ea /rench. B4($ )ouAre gonna &eet another /rench ter& so&ewhere in the s)!!a%us.

(hat@ ;ou "i"nAt 5nish !egis!ati#e %ranch in Consti1@ 4he o!"ies teach )ou !aw a!though the) co&e !ate hehe. Inertia isin#o!#e". Es'ecia!!) i )ou are not rea")$ "rin co?ee 5rst. 4hen the &i""!e o the c!ass$ )ouA!! ha#e to go out$ right@ Iha#enAtA "one that )et. But &a)%e in the &i""!e o the se& I wi!! hehe.

88ea" Poet societ) &o#ie – Car'e ie&. Car'e is the han". Use )our car'a! &usc!es. I )ou t)'e a!! )our notes in thePC in an awwar" 'osture$ )ou get car'a! tunne! s)n"ro&e.

. E*'ress an" I&'!ie" 'erio".$/*L$+-< &entione" in 'arties intended a period. Lie the r! pararaph o 119.1$ 2$ P9< courts wi!! set the 'erio"

I suspensive CONDITION< &ight &ae the o%!igation #oi" 6i sus'ense "e'en"ent so!e!) on the wi!! o "e%toraa potestative7

I dependent on the creditor, PERIOD< +'a)a%!e when a%!e, whene#er the "e%tor is a%!e to 'a)$ %ut thensu''osing he ne#er wi!!s it$ then the cre"itor can as the court to 5* the 'erio" 6%ecause itAs indefnite period7

9!! 'ro#isions &rt 119 reer to in"e5nite 'erio"ID99< what i the a%i!it) to 'a) is uncertain@ L9BI49< oo!ish cre"itor$ co!!ect %eore action or s'eci5c'eror&ance 'rescri%es. :ost !ie!) the cre"itor has to &ae a u"icia! "e&an" rather than e*trau"icia! "e&an".

PHIL SUGAR ESTATE< t3o staes in !ealin 3ith an in!efnite perio! 1. :ae the in"e5nite 'erio" "e5nite e.g. as or 'a)&ent$ e*trau"icia! "e&an"

+;ou sa) )ouA!! 'a) when )ou ha#e &one). Now I see )our 'ocets are %u!ging an" ean is a!!ing %ecauseo coins. ;ou &ust ha#e &one). P!ease 'a).,+But these are on!) coins$ these are not enough., +4hese are not enough$ IA& ust a courier,

2. Fu"icia! "e&an"$ as the court to 5* the 'erio"

No nee! to fle t3o actions$ 2 in 1 so no multiplicity o suits< 9s or t3o prayer< ocet ees is &aing thecourts rich$ itAs ta*ation a!rea") %ut o course$ )ou cannot Guestion their 'roce"ures. /i!e an action !etAs see i )ou canwin. (hat was the ru!ing in En"encia@ No wa) Fose-

1. /ID PEIO. ecite the o%!igation thatAs create"$ that itAs "ue an" "e&an"a%!e. (ith an in"e5nite 'erio"2. EHUIE 43E EB4O 4O CO:PL; ON /IDE PEIO. (hen the "a) arri#es$ "e%tor has to 'a)$ otherwise heA!!

%e !ia%!e or "a&ages. 9s or "a&ages. 4he 'erio" has arri#e" a!though in"e5nite.


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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page 2 o 524"U,C+4 " *+,$"-

1. (hat are the L+%&L 'erio"s@ S'rea" in the CC are 'erio"s i&'ose" %) !aw !ie !eases o ur%an !an" 1J2 an"1J 6accor"ing to or)7.

2. JU-$C$&L – set %) the court es'ecia!!) in u"icia! 'erio".

Pro%!e&< i 'ro#i"e" or the 'arties$ or whose %ene5t is it@ Presu&'tion is %oth or the cre"itor an" "e%tor un!esssti'u!ate" that it is gi#en to one o the&. Usua!!) gi#en to "e%tor.

E.g. Contract o !oan< there is a 'erio" o 'a)&ent$ what %ene5t "oes the "e%tor has.Bene5ts o CEI4O< (hat a%out noninterest %earing !oans@ Sae!) in#este" in the han"s o the "e%tor$ asgoo" as the &one) o the %ans as !ong as "e%tor is #er)$ #er) so!#ent. 6Ponce de Leon v !"uco7 I the &one)is with hi&$ heA!! ee! so hot. 3is oot itches to go to the &a!! an" sho'. Or wie who has a 'enchant oins'ecting his wa!!et. Sho''ing nee"s #s sho''ing wants 4he 9&ericans are now !earning how to econo&iMe. 4he) wi!! 'ro%a%!) !itt!e !ess '!u&'. No &ore su'ersiMe &eten"encies. ec!ine in 'urchases.Bene5ts o EB4O< 9&'!e ti&e to raise enough &one).

+6tension o perio! to pay is not an implie! novation. Because the two o%!igations are incompatible. 4hen the 'erio" is %oth or the %ene5t o the 'arties un!ess e*'ress!) sti'u!ate". Usua!!) the 'erio" is gi#en in a#or othe "e%tor i the "e%tor or e*a&'!e gi#es 'ro&issor) note. I the "e%tor can 'a) ON or BE/OE the 5*e" "ate e.g.ece&%er 1$ 200>. 3e can 'a) now )es accor"ing to the ter&s o the contract. BU4 LOOK. :a) !ose the %ene5t o the'erio" an" so the o%!igation %eco&es "ue an" "e&an"a%!e.

5 circumstances here that the beneft loses the beneft o the perio! 7&rt 1198e&e&%er #aite v $onacier where the co!!atera! has e*'ire" an" he "i"nAt urnish a new an" sucient. (hy shoul!the insolvent !ebtor lose the beneft o the perio!:::

1. *ar &rt 1198< new securit) nee" not %e a %on". But it "oesnAt &ean he canAt urnish a new one !ie &ortgage$'!e"ge or "e%torAs own 'ro'ert) as !ong as the #a!ue is &ore than the "e%t 9N acce'ta%!e to the cre"itor.

(hen the !ebtor becomes insolvent 6!ia%i!ities asset7 not e*act!) tota!!) without 'ro'erties$ on!) that notenough to co#er a!! his !ia%i!ities@ (h) shou!" he !ose the %ene5t o the 'erio"@Su''osing )ou ha#e = cre"itors with 'ure o%!igation$ on!) one with a 'erio". (h) "o )ou ha#e to %ring the& into eGua!ooting@ 9!! the our can 5!e action or co!!ection$ oin the Gueue or 'a)&ent whereas the one "ue 2 )ears !ater 6e.g.the o%!igation not "ue unti! 20107 he cannot &ae a "e&an". I we wait or 2 &ore )ears$ nothing !et or hi&- 4oo %a"./our others ha#e %een 5rst in !ine. BU4 %est o a!!$ i )ou are cre"itor$ %e sure that )ou ha#e securit) or )our cre"it.(hate#er ha''ens to the "e%tor$ )ou can re!) on the securit) a!one.

2. *ar 2 &rt 1198< Cre"itor ga#e "e%tor sus'ensi#e 'erio" %ecause he PO:ISE to e*ecute &ortgage on his housean" !ot. 4hir" one$ #io!ates an) un"ertaing$ in consi"eration o which he has to a''ear. ;ou are su''ose" to "oso&ething. /i!e a reistration procee!in or tit!ing o !an" which he 'ro&ise" to &ae as co!!atera!$ gi#e hi&enough 'erio" to "e!i#er the a%so!ute "ee" o sa!e gi#en on consi"eration in the &eanti&e$ the se!!er is su''ose"to 5!e a registration case or the 'arce! o !an"$ in the &ean ti&e heAs gi#en a 'erio" 6!ie Romero v C% ParanaGueSan ionisio7

. *ar 5 &rt 1198< e%tor atte&'ts to a%scon"@ 4ries to run awa) an" changes resi"ence so )ou "onAt now wherehe is. 3e hi"es$ no !onger there %ut )ou grante" hi& a 'erio"$ 3hy !oes he lose the beneft o perio! i heattempts to abscon!: Shows %a" aith an" %ecause ne*t ti&e aroun" he &ight succee". 9n e*'ression o theBu!aen)os< +ma&hanap 'a sa tam(ol n&a!on., 3e hi"es or &ore than 10 )ears ro& "ue "ate$ the o%!igation ise*tinguishe". (hi!e he is sti!! there$ )ou can now &ae a "e&an" on hi&. I in turn$ )ou can 'ro#e that he isinso!#ent.

One o the roun!s or attachment or arnishment when the "e'en"ant "e%tor is inso!#ent then )ou can as orattach&ent. o )ou now what #%RNI)*ENT is@ arnishings are or sa!a" or #ian".


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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page o 522. 4hen u"icia! "e&an" go to court$ 5!e a co&'!aint as the court to set the 'erio". :ae in"e5nite 'erio" a

"e5nite one. 9t the sa&e co&'!aint$ as in the secon" 'ra)er 6once 5*e"7 'a) ro& the 5*e" 'erio"$ i "i"nAt'a)$ !ia%!e or "a&ages. Because i )ou as the cre"itor to 5!e u"icia! "e&an"$ the 'ra)er is the court shou!"&ae the in"e5nite 'erio" a "e5nite one. Once the court sets it$ there is no &ore e*tension. 4hat is the caseo Phi! Sugar Estate. It is instructi#e.

C!ai&ant 6sGuatters7 'ossessor o the house in the &i""!e o the 'ro'ose" roa". I saw that house when I was a !awstu"ent. Boun"e" %) HueMon 9#e an" two &ore roa"s. Eastern 'art$ a house in the &i""!e o the roa". 9%out =0&eters ro& HueMon 9#e. 6as HueMon B!#" is in Huia'o7

(hat was the sti'u!ation here$ %u)er wi!! %ui!" the churchQcon#ent$ se!!er wi!! %ui!" the roa"s. It was a woo"en house o strong &ateria!. ;ou canAt ust %u!!"oMe that to c!ear the 'ath$ &ost !ie!)$ )ouA!! %e charge" with &a!icious &ischie$"a&age to 'ro'ert). It can actua!!) %e coercion 6who cares@7. But )ou shou!" care %ecause cri&ina! !aw is one su%ectwhere our gra"uates are 'ercei#e" to %e wea. UP is strong in 'o!itica!$ constitutiona! an" ci#i! !aw. Not strong inta*ation an" &ercanti!e. In act$ the gra"uating c!ass is worrie" a%out those su%ects.

ItAs not a condition. ItAs a &atter o +hen the sGuatters wi!! %e e#icte" ro& the 'ro'ert). Not $ but ()+N. But the'!ainti? here "oes not as or s'eci5c 'eror&ance$ the) c!ai& that the) are 69raneta7 in "eau!t %ecause the 'erio"was an in"e5nite one. 4he #a!ue o this is that the cre"itor cannot as or s'eci5c 'eror&ance ust )et in an o%!igationsu%ect to in"e5nite 'erio". ItAs a '(" 4'&%+ *,"C+44<

1. 9s the court to 5* a 'erio" 6&ae in"e a "e72. 9s or s'eci5c 'eror&ance or 'a)&ent when it arri#es

88Usua!!)$ the) "o this in one co&'!aint$ as a secon" 'ra)er to a#oi" ha#ing to 5!e another case.

PONCE DE LEON Case o the Fa'anese war note. One )ear ro& 1>RJ. 9t the ti&e the contract was entere" into$ there was a!rea")ra"ioacti#it) 6c!an"estine ra"io7 that :c9rthur is on his wa) to reco#er the Phi! ro& the Fa'anese. Bash the Fa'anese%) showing the Pear! 3ar%or an" ((2 ootages. I the) want cou'$ the) show the &o#ie udeta$ har%ingers o&u!tinationa! gu)s. 4he) are not i&&une to %eing &ani'u!ate". 4he 'u%!ic can %e &ani'u!ate" %) &e"ia. ;ou shou!"now that )ou ha#e %een &ani'u!ate" an" in"octrinate" in act. 9n)wa)$ out o the &one) that was !oane" %) Ponce"e Leon$ 'ai" o the PNB or the 'urchase 'rice o sugarcane !an". It was in Negros Occi"enta!. 4he) ne#er thoughtthere wi!! %e co&'etition o sugar cane in hone) sugar %eets an" sugar &a'!e. Lo an" %eho!"$ 9&ericans 5n" a wa) oe*tracting sugar ro& corn. ight- /ro& corn- 4here is sugar there- O course now$ there are the arti5cia! sweeteners. 4he) can a!so e*tract sweetness ro& a '!ant. o )ou now that #ani!!a co&es ro& #ani!!in an orchi" which is grown inIn"onesia. ItAs the #ani!!a orchi" !oos !ie the Sanggu&a)- Dianne, iniistal' 'a tala&a LOL../ 4he origina! co!or owa!ing wa!ing is 'ur'!e an" a !itt!e %it o !ight 'ur'!e with s'!otches. 4here is a white wa!ing wa!ing. (hat is thechea'est can") now@ Beore it was one centa#o in &) )outh o course. 3ahahahaha- (e ha#e e Le&on. :ani!enos"onAt now that %ecause 3a!!s an" :a* i!!e" the&. Es'ecia!!) the %ranch &anager o :a* can"ies went to schoo!here. ;ouA!! ne#er now where )ou co&e ro&. On!) the co!!ege secretar) wi!! now. No &ore inter#iew. :iria& ee's

on re&e&%ering her son e#er) "eath anni#ersar) an" charge UP. Co&&itte" suici"e ater ai!ing 2 su%ects in 9LS.octrine o 'ro*i&ate cause an" su'er#ening e#ent.

(ho inter#iewe" the son o :iria&@ Oh we!! not &e. I was out o the co&&ittee. 4here was /!orin 3i!%a)$ Barr)$:ora!es$ :a& Chit$ :a& Beth. I I were there$ I wi!! !et hi& in %ecause the 'arents wi!! co&'!ain an" the) actua!!) "i".3ow &uch is )our annua! gross a&i!) inco&e@ P00$000 a&ooon- S'orts 'ro&oter$ coc5ghting. (hatAs the ne*t!ogica! Guestion@ oes he %et in the coc5ghting he 'ro&otes@ ;es Sir. 3ow &uch@ 9%out =$000. Last &inute< 9se"a%out his reaction to what 'eo'!e are sa)ing a%out his &other@ 3ow wou!" )ou react +thatAs the Guestion, that )our&other is Bren"a@

(hat are )our ho%%ies@ (eight!iting. (hen the 'ane! sees so&ething unusua! the) wi!! 'ounce on it. 4he) as hi&how it is "one$ what are the trics. Bench 'ress$ "e&onstrate. Ben" an" sna'@@@ (hen he returne" ho&e$ the &otherwas a gui"ance counse!or$ the ather was a!u&nus. Inane Guestions. I )our ho%%) is singing )ou %etter %e a%!e to sing(i!! )ou gi#e us a sa&'!e. One a''!icant gra"uate" ro& Nationa! 9rts Center$ s'ecia!iMation was %a!!et an" "ance. (i!!

)ou "o a 'irouette@ In other wor"s$ "onAt '!ace an)thing there that is unusua!$ &ae it a hu&"ru&. Inter#iewers ha#e#er) !itt!e 'atience or not !istening or o? tangent answers. But then what$ ne#er &in" that. ;ou re 'ro%!e& is how to'ass stage two o the so'hie course without sot what@

(Going back now to Ponce) Ponce s'ouses trie" to 'a) ear!ier %ut the cre"itor reuse". ;ouAre su''ose" to 'a) one)ear ater< suspensive perio! in avor o the cre!itor- (e!!$ at !east in his &in"$ he was thining that %) the ti&e9&ericans return$ the go#t wi!! %e reinsta!!e" thatAs wh) he inserte" that in the !oan contract. Pa) &e the #ictor)'eso QnotesT Co&&onwea!th 'eso. e'rint o Co&&onweath e&%!aMe" across in a "iagona! o the re#erse si"e o the%i!! the wor" +#ictor), hence the na&e. thatAs the &one) that cre"itor was c!ai&ing. 9n)wa)$ itAs not unust to Ponce"e Leon %ecause he was a%!e to 'a) PNB the !oan using the &one) he !oane" ro& S)uco.

#UC+ is o? tangent. (here is the 'resu&'tion there@ I )ou are the counse!$ &ae the 'erio" o the !ease agree" u'ona!rea"). (h) not 2= )ears na asi aga"@@


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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page ; o 52No in"ication how &uch the renta! wi!! %e. No 'ro#ision or the increase o the renta!.BP 2 3ouse enta! Law. But "uring :artia! Law$ there was a!rea") a statute which 'rohi%ite" the eect&ent o !esseeson the groun" &entione" in the !aw on !ease. Lease renta!s were not a!!owe" to %e increase". Su''ose"!) sta) 'utunti! 'assage o this !aw which a!!owe" an annua! increase u' to a certain 'ercentage. 20 then 1= then 10.Su%seGuent house renta! e*tension an" e*ten"e" so that was ter&inate" !ast )ear$ IA& not sure i it is e*tension was'asse". Un"er this !aw$ there were specifc roun! or e


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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page 5 o 52So&e rea! right are !ess than this$ right to +use an" eno), an" +'ossess, the 'ro'ert) !ie the right o a !essee.Persona! rt "e'en"ing on whether or not the !ease contract recor"e" in the registr) or at !east in the e)es o so&e$ aGuasi rea! right. Consi"ere" a rea! right a!though so&e sa)s itAs not. (hen recor"e"$ %oun"s the who!e wor!". 4he) wi!!ha#e to recogniMe the right o the cre"itor$ cannot "is'ossess o the !essee "uring the 'erio" o the !ease$ i !essororces !essee out$ !atter can 5!e a orci%!e entr) in the 'ro'ert) or a re'!e#in %ecause he has a 'riorit) o right.

In an) !ega! re!ation$ there is right an" o%!igation. ;ou cannot ha#e right without. 4wo o us wi!! %e )ounger an" o!"er.Proessor Sison !oos )oung- 4here is ))ing. ;ang )ing the s'e!!ing is w )oung as in i&&ature an" )ing a%out 20 )ang)angs )a&&ie@ I& the chi. R0 o )ou$ the chi energ) is )oung. Basta tinira ni)a si 4ito O%et. 4ae u' 'hotogra'h- (hen)ou gra"uate- 6LOL7 In ece&%er$ the c!ass o Pro. Santos$ reunion in the house there in /air#iew$ one was so sinn).9r )ou rea!!) this@@@ Loo at her now$ she is aaah ahahaha.. she has a!rea") 'ower. SheAs the Secgen o 3. Loo atthat. ;ou "onAt she is. Secretar) o the Senate 6a"&inistrati#e 'ower7 ;ou thin IA& i!!ogica! ha@ 4hatAs the reason wh)when the si!#er u%i!arian co&e ho&e$ !ast ti&e$ when we were aroun" the&$ we !oo as o!" as the) are es'ecia!!) 'ro sison. 3e loos perectly cherubic. /ro& the nec u'--- T7777777777 -o3n here lie a hippo. But re&e&%er$ I on!)"o this to &) %estrien"s. 9t !east )our !aughter wi!! &ae )ou )ounger %) one "a). OBLICON an" POPE4; areactua!!) interre!ate". 9rising ro& the contract is a 'ro'ert) right. It has #a!ue. 4he right o a &ortgage cre"itor$ !oan &ortgage. (hat ha''ene" in the US@ So!" in a secon"ar) &aret as a %unch o cre"its$ &ortgage rights o a %an$so!" to /unn) :a) or /re""ie :ac. Or in the case o Sen. Wi!!ar$ when he "e#e!o's su%"i#ision$ he starte" with the %ir"cages$ s&a!! !ots what we ca!! the %u!!"ogs an" 'reso!" then so!" the 'roectQhouses an" !ots then %ecause o itscontract$ it turns aroun" an" a!! con"itiona! "ee"s o sa!eQa%so!ute "ee" o sa!e with a &ortgage$ went to Nationa!3o&e :ortgage. Secon"ar) &aret or &ortgages a!rea"). 3e got &one) a!rea")$ i the ho&eowners "o not re!igious!)'a)$ then itAs u' to 3:/ to orec!ose it$ has nothing to "o a%out it %ecause he is a!rea") 'ai".

4urns aroun" again an" then high en" &aret. e#e!o'&ents in :ahar!ia oa"$ &aorit) o the !an"s there are owne"%) a&i!) o Wi!!ar. 4hatAs conuga! 'ro%a%!)$ inheritance o his wie. (ea!thier is the wie$ 9gui!ar isnAt it. Contentious

intention. So&e%o") %!ew the whist!e$ now thereAs contro#ers)$ &) 'oint is this cre"it$ %e!ong to the cre"itor are a!!'ro'ert) rights$ worth &one) an" can %e tra"e" in the sa&e wa) that o'tions to %u) wherein the o'tion can %e so!"un!ess the o%!igation arising ro& the contract is %) its ter&sQ!awQnature is unassigna%!e. 9!! cre"its are assigna%!e as agenera! 'ro'osition e*ce't when there is sti'u!ationQ!awQnature o o%!igation. Certain 'ersona! o%!igations can %eassigne".

3as to %e ascertaina%!e as to what the o%ect o the contract nee" not %e 'in'ointe" can %e "e!i&ite" generic things. 4here shou!" %e no new agree&ent as to what the #oi" or technica!!) ine*istent.

J"$N' &N- 4"L$-&,> "#L$%&'$"N 4he ocus here is not the number o prestations %ut the nu&%er o multiple cre!itorsB!ebtors 6&u!ti'!e 'arties7.I on!) one$ it is in"i#i"ua!.

:u!ti'!) 'arties$ i there are &u!ti'!e "e%tors an" cre"itors$ the oint X so!i"ar) nature$ a&ong the 2 or &ore what is

their re!ationshi' inter se es'ecia!!) in ter&s o !ia%i!it)$ what in" o tie %in"s the &u!ti'!e "e%tors. O course$ the) area!! tie" u' to one another %) #irtue o that "e5cient cause.Since there are = "e%tors an" cre"itors$ how "oes each in"i#i"ua! "ea! with each other@ (hatAs the e?ect$ thatAs thei"eaQnotion %ehin" the ru!es on oint an" so!i"ar) o%!igation. 4here cannot %e oint o%!i when there is one to onecre"itor an"Qor "e%tor.

Su''osing there are C an" = . O course thereAs a !in %etween the two-

1 to &ive, to o, to not to do/C1 2C2 C R

=

Can he reGuire the 'eror&ance o the entire o%!igation. 4he tie that %in"s is either oint or so!i"ar).

FOIN4 – thin '!astic ro'eQstringSOLI9; – so!i" stee! ca%!e

Now in the a(sence o0 an! indication in the &u!ti'!e 'arties$ the tie is J"$N'. 6'resu&'tion7

On!) 4"L$-&,> I$ e*'ress!) sti'u!ate"$ !aw an" %) nature 6I "are )ou to 5n" e*a&'!e or the !ast one$ there is none-7oes 4o!entino gi#e e*a&'!e@ Foint torteasors are auto&atica!!) so!i"ar). 1ltra (onus mores wi!! %e 9rt. 1>- :ora!o%!igation is outsi"e the a&%it o ci#i! !aw. O%!igation is create" %) what@ B) !aw or Guasi"e!ict. 'ort is broa!er thanuasiD!elict@ 9& I right@ ;ou "onAt now. ;es$ I a& right. 9rt 21 acts an" o&issions "one through neg!igence$ thereare this so ca!!e" intentional torts %ecause tort is actua!!) an Eng!ishQco&&on !aw conce't. Ours is Guasi"e!ict. But!oo Guasi"e!ict$ as )ouA#e seen in Barre"o case$ it enco&'asses not only !one throuh nelience butbroa!ene! to inclu!e nelience even i there is a contract. Contract can a!so create Guasi"e!ict o%!igation ina""ition to the %reach o contract. 4he 'resu&'tion is un!ess the contract or o%!igation sti'u!ates that &u!ti'!e 'arties%oun" so!i"ari!)$ the) are %oun" oint!). 4he 'ro%!e& is the !aw that reGuires so!i"ari!) are scattere". 4hereAs no one


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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page E o 52artic!e that !ists the& in one artic!e. So )ouA!! ha#e to !oo or 'ro#isions which 'ro#i"e or so!i"arit). 4he &ost a&ouso which is the 2"oint tort0easors3 &rt 219;

"')+, 4"L$-&,$'> "#L$%&'$"N4 C,+&'+- #>B*,"@$-+- ", #> L&(1. 4oint o5cious mana&ement $ two or &ore oint &anagers are !ia%!e so!i"ari!). &rt 21;E2. Foint 'a)ees in solutio inde(iti$ 'a)&ent not "ue &rt 215. 4wo or &ore %orrowers$ commodatum &rt 19;5

2 !a"ies %orrow a horse$ ha#e )ou e#er hear" that "eit) a !a") who %orrowe" a horse@7 it sa)s here$ the "eit). I ha" a'on). ItAs a%out the horse again huh- (hose na&e was a''!e ra)$ I rent hi& to a !a") to ri"e a &i!e awa). Shewhi''e" hi&$ she !ashe" hi&$ she ro!!e" hi& through the &ire. I wou!" not !en" &) 'on) now or a!! the !a")As ire. She&a!treate" the ani&a!- Pit) &) 'oor a''!e re)- <1. 'assi#e 6"e%tors72. acti#e 6cre"itor7. &i*e"

,elationship amon 4"L$-&,> C"DC,+-$'",4< mutua agenc! e*ercise acts or Qon %eha! o )our 'rinci'a!i&'!ication< can co!!ect the entire cre"it. I co!!ects cre"it$ &ae accounting o the co!!ection to gi#e res'ecti#e shares


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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page o 52,elationship amon 4"L$-&,> C"D-+#'",4< no !onger concerne" with what c1 "oes with his 'a)&ent. O%!igationis e*tinguishe". "utua gua#antee not on!) %oun" to 'a) his share in 1=0B %ut a!so the 'ortion o his other co&aers.9&ong the&se!#es$ the !ia%i!it) is nor&a!!) i C1 &aes a "e&an" on 1 6so!i"ar) on %oth si"es7$ he can get P1=0B inone go- No nee" to sue a!! the so!i"ar) "e%tors.9rt 1212 an)one can "o what is %ene5cia! %ut not 'reu"icia!

4ogether a!one$ %oun" as oint "e%tors %ut a!one as to !ia%i!it)(hatAs the &eaning o +se#era!,@E*act na&e o so!i"ar) o%!igation "oint 6co&&on !aw &eaning7 an" several 6can %e sue" se#era!!)7

Oten Guote" or na&es gi#en to oint an" se#era! na&es o ci#i! !aw an" so!i"ar) o%!igation.

R'C o!" case$ >= Phi! =Jea" #er) careu!!)$ the one IA!! use or the "eenses a#ai!a%!e is actua!!) INCHAUSTI. Fose ;u!o$ %at tra''ings an" urine$ %at&an &inions. 4hat white roo&$ itAs now nice. 4he) ha#e reno#ate" it. 4he one inthe thir" Voor other en". (hen the) reno#ate" that roo&. 4he entire r" Voor use" to %e the !aw !i%rar). 4here use" to%e ust one %!"g here unti! 1>=. ItAs this ghost ri""en %!"g$ tr) co&ing here at 12 &i"night. 4here is one 'roessor whoI thin is a ghost%uster$ %ecause he is an atheist. (ho e!se %ut the Vower) one$ /!orin.La%itag thins the !aw)ers o Inchausti &a"e a &istae. i" )ou see their &istae@ Oh oa). So&e%o") shou!" "eci"e$:s. 9!ean"re.

i#e &e the acts$Sugar is one o the ta!!est grass. 4he to' 'art$ in urrows$ !)ing "own. 4he) %urrowe" "uring the !ieti&e. I!oi!o an"Negros Occi"enta! is &ere!) a co!on) o I!oi!o. 4hatAs where the ar Vung areas are. One o the si%!ings is in I!oi!o so hewasnAt a%!e to sign the "ocu&ent. signe". 9ah )es$ so&ething wrong. 9!! the %a" genes o the ather went to the&enta!!) inco&'etent Fr. 3e was Bren"a$ no$ Bren"o.

$nchausti can collect the obliation o /ariano: ;es he can$ %ut what is the !ega! reason@ regorio an" the othersi%!ings$ 'ro&ise" to get the signature o :ariano which the) ai!e" to "o$ what is the e?ect o that on the o%!igation@ I )ou get it$ itAs a 'ast !esson. I )ou get it$ the si%!ings !ose the %ene5t o the 'erio" %ecause the) "i" not co&'!) withthe un"ertaing the) 'ro&ise" to "o. 4his Inchausti a!! o the cases here$ is the %est teaching too! or so!i"ar)o%!igations an" no#ation as we!!. 9n" !oo at that$ itAs an o!" case 61>1R7 'enne" %) CF 9re!!ano. See@- 9 CF who wastraine" %) the S'aniar"s an" he "i"nAt not go to the UP. :ost !ie!) a 'ro"uct o the o&inican$ 'ro!!) he was agra"uate o the Ponti5ca! Uni#ersit). 9n" then !oo at his Eng!ish$ traine" in S'anish. So thatAs wh) )ouA!! see'onencias in S'anish in the Phi!e'. Wer) goo" c!er.


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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page 8 o 52

9n)wa)$ that 'ortion$ !etAs go now to whether the entire 2=0$000 is the a&ount that regorio has so!i"ar) reGuire" to'a) or not. O course the ru!ing here is that the "eense u'on who& a "e&an" is &a"e. )o3 many !eenses can asoli!ary coD!ebtor interpose i !eman! is ma!e on him to pay: &rt 1222 gi#es R "eenses.

Nuninuniuniununinuninuninuninuni

-++N4+4 I a!! the so!i"ar) o%!igor each one has a !ega! e?ect in his ca'acit) or their consent is #oi"a%!e. 4heso!i"ar)Y

1. Contract reGuire" %) the statute o rau"$ ora! contract$ &rt 1;92 CC$ thereAs so&ething wrong in the entirecontract. O%!igation is either #oi"a%!e$ unenorcea%!e or #oi".

2. 3is consent is "eecti#e e.g. +when I signe" this contact$ I was sti!! a &inor$ his consent was #itiate". (ait a&inute$ I canAt %e &a"e to 'a) this O signe" it "uring a !unatic s'e!!., Can I %e &a"e to 'a) shares o others@NO

. r" an" Rth are *&,'$&L -++N4+4< Each so!i"ar) co"e%tors &a) %in" hi&se! in "i?erent 'ro'ortions su%ectto certain ter&s an" con"itions$ sus'ensi#e or reso!utor). Es'ecia!!) the sus'ensi#e ones$ thereore what@ 4heshare o the 'articu!ar co"e%tor was su%ect to a sus'ensi#e 'erio"$ su''ose" to 'a) ec > 200>$ the otherAs"e%t was "ue now. (hose share is not )et "ue$ can he %e &a"e to 'a)@ ;ES$ %ut &inus his "ue. 3e can %e&a"e to 'a) or the "e%t o the other two. O course$ %ecause he guarantee" the share o two others which area!rea") "ue. 4hat &eans the "eense that the o%!igation is not )et "ue is a#ai!a%!e to the so!i"ar) co"e%toru'on who& the "e&an" is &a"e.

R. Rth is o''osite o that. Share o the so!i"ar) co"e%tor 617 is a!rea") "ue$ %ut the other two are not )et "ue.Can he %e &a"e to 'a) the other two@ NO$ un!ess he wants to. Can on!) %e &a"e to 'a) or &) share.Inter'ose to the court that the share o the other two are not )et "ue. 3e can inter'ose this as a 'artia!"eense.

1 pureC 2 suspensive period

suspensive condition

Can on!) %e &a"e to 'a) the share o 1. I the !aw)er is not a"roit or ni&%!e &enta!!)$ thatAs what )ou shou!"cu!ti#ate$ then what$ he "oes not now these "eenses$ heA!! %e reGuire" to 'a) a!! these things. et that@ 4he '"'&L-++N4+4< !oo or<

1. Wices o consent2. Causes o action has 'rescri%e". Entire o%!igation is #oi"R. Woi"a%!e at the instance o +a!! o the&,$ i ust one$ )ou can use the "eense

1 no le&al capacit! 9either minor or insane:C 2

can sa! that at the time he si&ned the contract,

3e was a &inor hence cannot %e &a"e to 'a) his share$ annu! the contract re!ati#e to the share o 1.I C &a"e a "e&an" on 1 who ha" no !ega! ca'acit)$ !atter can as or the annu!&ent o the contract re!ati#e to hisshare. Entire contract %e annu!!e" as to hi&. Cannot %e &a"e to 'a) an)thing at a!!. But i "e&an" is &a"e on $ hecan inter'ose the "eense.

4here was a &istae &a"e %) the !aw)ers in the regorio cou!" ha#e %een &a"e to 'a) one ha! o 2=000 thea&ount o the o%!igation in the 1 st 'ro&issor) note. 4here were two PN signe" %) si* si%!ings so!i"ari!). 4hen 2n" PN$ asto the three si%!ings 6Car&en$ /rancisco an" :anue!7. In the e)es o the cre"itor$ goo" !ooing$ the) were &ore %enignto the&$ !ie" the& %ut not regorio. I the) !ie" e#er)one$ Inchausti 'ro!!) "i"nAt !ie the e!"est regorio. 4hatAs wh)the "e&an" was &a"e on hi& a!one$ he was the on!) one %eing sue" instea" o e#er)one.

regorio< ;ou agree" to re"uce it. 4he shares o :anue!$ Car&en an" /rancisco$ was not )et "ue when )ou &a"e

u"icia! "e&an" on &e$ I shou!"nAt %e &a"e to 'a) the share o those three.

gregorio I cannot %e &a"e to 'a) P2=000 %ecause )oure"uce" it to P22=000$ 10 interest %ut 2n" PN an" thenu&%er o insta!!&ents increase" to J$ interest e#enre"uce" to Fune 0$ 1>10

conce'cion

'e"ro

Inchausti car&en ! 2n" PN P22=000rancisco ! J insta!!&ents at &anue! !


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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page 9 o 52Inchausti "i" not inten" to %ene5t regorio an" two others$ %ut so&ething went wrong %ecause regorio was a%!e touse the %ene5ts in the 2n" PN. ;es$ cre"itor has the 'ower to !i&it the !i%era!it) o his con"itions. 3e can gi#e %ene5tsto Car&en$ /rancisco an" :anue! %ut not regorio.

Novation remission is technica!!) a ratuitous !onation 6unti! acce'te" in 'ro'er or&7InchaustiAs !aw)ers &a"e a &istae. E#en Fustice 9re!!ano 'ointe" it out. So the 'oint here is$ regorio &a"e use o the'artia! re&ission o the entire o o%!igation. [ o the a&ount is not )et "ue at the ti&e o the u"icia! "e&an"$ theother ha! though is a!rea") "ue. 2n" PN no#ate" the 5rst one@ No. Because it "i"nAt not e*'ress!) sa) there that the)actua!!) no#ate". It was on!) i&'!ie"$ %ut there was a!so no i&'!ie" no#ation either. Loo at the reason$ noinco&'ati%i!it) %etween the 5rst one an" o!" one.

%reorio shoul! have pai! the *25;;5 never min! the reimbursement later. Cou!" not %e &a"e to 'a) )et. 4he rei&%urse&ent shou!" %e there. 4hese three$ the) wonAt share %ecause their o%!igation is not )et "ue$ the) werethe on!) a#ore" ones. Loo at that state&ent o CF 9re!!ano as to the 'ortion that sa)s +so&ewhere in the to' o the'age, – !aw)ers o Inchausti a"&itte" in their '!ea"ings that

Contrar) to intention o Inchausti$ he "i"nAt want regorio to %ene5t. 3e can a#or one so!i"ar) "e%tor o#er one. :aethe "e&an" on ust one$ Mero in on hi&$ rei&%urse&ent wi!! co&e in !ater an)wa)$ %ecause he wants a!! o the& to %ein "eau!t. Is there so&ething wrong with that@ No. In other wor"s$ a cre"itor nowing that 1 cannot 'a)$ su?eringro& 5nancia! "istress 6e.g. recent!) "ec!are" +redundant3 – "is&isse" ro& wor$ we &ight soon %eco&e re"un"anttoo. 4he o!"ies$ it taes the& = )ears$ to ha#e a thorough now!e"ge o o%!igation or or that &atter 'ro'ert). Enoughor us to sta) on. 4he new acu!ties are here. 4aes )ou = )ears to at !east %e #er) now!e"gea%!e a%out the su%ect)ou are teaching. = i )ou are ast$ an" then what$ 1 st "a)$ the stu"ents wi!! test )our &enta! right awa). UP Law %eingUP Law stu"ents$ test the waters right awa)7 whereas %eore$ weAre !ie coM) shee' e#en our she'her" "o not nowwhere to gui"e us. 4he) !earn %) the&se!#es$ ti&es ha#e change$ ro!es are re#erse". ;ou can "ictate on )our acu!t)$

)ou wi!!. Unti! )ou want to gi#e )our gra"es a!so. Or so&ething !ie Pro /ernan"eM$ )ou now !aw stu") is a 'owersituation. ItAs a 'ower situation that )ouAre stu")ing a%out. 9!! a%out this is econo&ic 'ower. 4he other is 'o!itica!'ower. Es'ecia!!) cor'o !aw$ 'o!itica! !aw #ersion o co&&ercia! !aw.

3a" the) not a"&itte" in the '!ea"ings$ the) a!!ege". 4he reason here is1. No no#ation. 2n" PN "oes not no#ate. Both PN e*ists2. e"uction on!) in a#or o the three %ut regorio was a%!e to use the one reser#e" or the . 6inure to %ene5t o

the co"e%tor$ un!ess the cre"itor inten"e" to !i&it the a''!ication7

In"ian gi#er$ technica!!) the re&ission o "onation is not 'erecte"$ su?er !oss o ace an" so&eti&es i )ou "onAt ha#ee'i"er&is o a 'ach)"er&s$ )ou wonAt "o it. So&eti&es$ thatAs a!! thatAs !et$ ace. No &one) %ut )ou ha#e ace. 4he ones 3ho?ll complainA

1. Cre"itors2. un ater the so!i"ar) cre"itor who &a"e the re&ission$ %ecause )ou can %e !i%era! a%out )our share %ut wh)

"i" )ou "onate +our, share. 4hough !ega!!) s'eaing$ it was #a!i"$ %ut re!ati#e!) to our share$ )ou ha#e no right

to con"one it. 4hereore )ou 'a) us our share$ %ut then thatAs no !onger the sa&e o%!igation.. So technica!!)$ the so!i"ar) cre"itor$ wi!! not co&'!ain on the "e%tor. 4he o%!igation has %een con"one".

4hereore we "i"nAt 'a) )ou an)&ore e*ce't or the 'ortion there %eore 121> %eore the re&ission is e?ecte"R. 4he others who wi!! co&'!ain wi!! %e other cre"itors o the cre"itor who &a"e the re&ission. I he %eco&es

inso!#ent. :eaning what@ 4he) can 5!e accion pauliana write it "own$ %ecause so&e o this are not excathedra 6ina!!i%i!it) o the Po'e7

a. Wer) ew o the& wi!! co&'!ain%. 4he ones who wi!! co&'!ain wi!! %e the heirs o the so!i"ar) cre"itor who &a"e the tota! re&ission.

:eaning what@ 3e 6%ecause re&ission is "onation7 "onate" &uch &ore than what he cou!" !awu!!)"onate %) !aw. ;ou can %e !i%era! a%out the ree estate %ut not )our !egiti&e 6o )our heirs7. 4he) can5!e accion pauliana$ heirs as we!! as cre"itors o the estate o the "ece"ent re!ati#e to their !egiti&e.e&e&%er this %ecause 2 )ears ro& now$ )ouA!! %e conronte" with the mysteries o succession. Inother wor"s$ e#er)thing is interconnecte". On!) that )ou are %eing taught in &o"u!es 6%oo 1$ %oo R7

(hat is the least partial remission: Partia! re&ission instea" o 1=$ )ou ust re"uce it to ten or ne*t to that wou!"%e re&ission o share o one o the so!i"ar) co"e%tor 6E.g. =7 4he trou%!e there is that there is a tie that %in"s the& re&its 'artia!!).

I he e#entua!!) &arries the "aughter$ sheA!! %e the so!e heir$ i = not !ega!!) sa##) 6i he is$ heA!! insist on 'renu'san" !ega! se'aration o 'ro'ert)7. 3eAs %aning on 9CP or at !east = wi!! gi#e heir!oo&$ PN worth =0 &i!!iion to his"aughter. I on!) the share o = is re&itte"$ su''osing C2 "e&an"s on R who sha!! 'a) 12:.

I )ouAre reci'ient o 'artia! re&ission$ ma'e sure that the solidar! tie is a!so %roen. Un!ess that the re&ission inc!u"esthe so!i"ar) tie$ the so!i"ar) "e%tor is still solidaril! (ound.

e &ini&is 00 a&&unition o the shotgun$ "ou%!e * actua!!). :eaning there are 1 'e!!ets ca!i%er. > o the& i a!! > wi!!scatter as )ou can see in cow%o) &o#ies. ou%!e %ucshot.


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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page 10 o

52e &ini&is is ust this one< re&it the so!i"ar) tie that %in"s = to the other so!i"ar) co"e%tors. 3e is onl! lia(le 0or hisshare$ so oint!) !ia%!e na !ang$ cannot %e &a"e !ia%!e to the share o the others.

64he absolute wou!" %e total remission o the entire o%!igation7

1C1 2C2 C R

=

re&itte" :

4euence o eventsA1. C can re&it the entire 1=:$ %ut wh) wi!! he "o this@ Entire o%!igation wi!! %e e*tinguishe".2. C instea" re&itte" : ro& =.. (hen C2 &aes "e&an" onR. Can heirs o C co&'!ain !ater@ ;es- Because he ha" =: share in the o%!igation 6assu&ing itAs eGua!!)

'ro'ortiona!7.=. $noGcious !onation – ne*t )ear )ou &ight not hear it ro& )our 'roessor an)&ore. IA& a!rea") tr)ing to 5!!

in an" reinorce it i itAs taen u'. But re&e&%er )ou hear" it 5rst on \3P@ a"io station %eore :artia! Law63era!" Phi!i''ines$ one o the e"itors was Car!os P. o&u!o7

. :ore than one ha! o his estate. Cre"itors o C i he %eco&es inso!#ent. onate" in rau" o cre"itors$ this can be rescin!e! through accion

'au!iana assu&ing a!! the reGuisites are satis5e".

On!) one is no""ing %ecause the) are conte&'oraries. Fose :ari We!eM. tinira na na&an si 4ito O hahahahaPhotoco') e#er)thing an" 5!e it O s!ee' on it in the ho'e that osmosis wi!! a''!) there. Fu"ge 'ro in cri&ina! !awan" Ci#Pro$ )ou thin :s. 9#ena was a terror. Fu"ge 9rte&io So!i"u&$ he was so!i"!) %ui!t$ the oe then was $ when heca!!e" )ou$ '''t---- Bo*er or %u!!"og. 4rue enough$ he was terroriMing Fose :ari We!eM. >


11/52


52"i#i"e this a&ong the&se!#es$ what )ou "onAt rea!iMe is that the oint o%!igation here is oint in"i#isi%!e o%!igation@Pon"er on that an" see i itAs the ge& 6)ou "onAt un"erstan" &e other7 In %etween oint an" so!i"ar).

29 January 2009

escission &ust return to status Guo$ return whate#er the cre"itor has a"#ance" to the oint "e%tors. Sa&'!e is&echanic$ we!"er an" u'ho!sterer or the asse&%!) o the ee' 6Sarao t)'e7 4he one who is gui!t) wi!! %e &a"e to 'a) the "a&ages. But i itAs the o%!igation to "e!i#er$ 'ainte" an" u'ho!stere"the ee'ne).

-$@$4$#L+ "#L$%&'$"N 4he sa&e$ cannot %e 'eror&e" in 'arts$ ne#er &in" what in" o o%!igation it is 6"i#isi%!e or in"i#isi%!e thing7 usua!!)in"i#isi%!e. E#en i the co&'!ete" ee'ne) with %eco&e an in"i#isi%!e thing$ the 'eror&ance o the o%ect is "i#i"e"into stages or 'arts. Usua!!) the o''osite$ o%!igation to "e!i#er in"i#isi%!e thing 6sacs o rice$ corn$ cerea!7 usua!!)'resu&e" to %e a "i#isi%!e o%!igation %ecause the thing can %e "e!i#ere" 'artia!!) %ut 'arties can sti'u!ate$ in"i#isi%!ething can %e &a"e in"i#isi%!e o%!igation i the) ha#e &an) trucs an" the) can "e!i#er e#er)thing in one "a). UNLESSthe !aw or sti'u!ation reGuires that it shou!" %e in"i#isi%!e.

*,+4U/*'$"N that i the o%!igation ca!!s or the co&'!etion o certain "a)s o wor or the wor can %e "one %)&etrica! units 6o%!igation to "o or e*a&'!e$ 'ai" %) &etrica! units the &ost !a%or intensi#e an" &anua! !a%or "igging o a cana!$ one &eter wi"e an" "ee'$ the 'a)&ent "e'en"s u'on each cu%ic &eter o cana! that )ou "ig then)ouA!! %e 'ai" !ie P007.

4he court wi!! ha#e to "eter&ine i the o%!igation is "i#isi%!e or in"i#isi%!e.

Kawati trees$ ha#e )ou seen that$ with 'ur'!ish Vowers$ the) !oo !ie cherr) %!osso&s ro& aar. But the cherr)%!osso&s are not in c!usters rea!!). But itAs nice no. ha#e )ou seen Pa!awan cherr) tree@ ItAs ca!!e" pin' sho+er . 4hereAsa go!"en shower there in the in5r&ar)$ the) cut it a!rea"). Bunches o )e!!ow Vowers in c!usters. Nice !ooing a!so.3a#e )ou notice" that tree she""ing$ ta!isa) tree. ;ou ha#e a hi!!si"e o that. 9t a%out this ti&e when itAs a%out to she"its !ea#es an" turn re"$ )ouAre thining )ouAre in New Eng!an"$ itAs autu&n. Or I'i!i'i! the one with.

In 9ugust$ the ta!! ta!ahi% wi!! Vower$ whatA the co!or o the Vower@ (hite-o sugarcane Vower@ ;es the) "o- 9!&ost the sa&e Vower as ta!ahi%- Because the) ca&e ro& the sa&e a&i!)- 4hegrass use" or wa!is ta%o$ e*ce't that it has no uice. 4ang!a" is the cousin o cogon. 4hereAs a!so another grass there use" or 're#ention o soi! erosion$ &ore %ush) thantang!a"$ #ite#er$ #er) wi"e grass s)ste&. ItAs a &onocot !ie a %anana.

;ou see$ thereAs sti!! !ie ater this$ ater the Co!!ege o Law. I )ouAre !one!) )ou can !oo at the &ountains an" the

Vowers o ta!ahi% an" co&'ose a 'oe& or haiu. Lone!) an" !o#e!ess !ie u?a :ae. 8She has a &o#ie entit!e" Status<Sing!e

e%tor agrees to wea#e c!oth in a han"!oo&$ wea#ing is %ac%reaing a!so es'ecia!!) i the 5%ers are #er) thin$ !ie'i]a which co&es ro& 'i]a o course. 3aha. Can )ou ca!! it nati#iMe"@ Because itAs origina! !an" is BraMi!$ a!ong withBraMi! nut an" 'ara 6@7 ru%%er. Banana is en"e&ic in SE 9sia$ %ut the) a!so sa) the) ha#e it in 9rica. Lie a tai! o the%ir"$ re"$ )e!!ow or 'in. I thin that co&es ro& Pa'ua New uinea$ 'art o the 3e!iconea a&i!). 4hecassa#aQa&oteng aho)Q&an)o a!so co&es ro& BraMi!.

9n)wa)$ this is 'art o e*change o !an"s$ when Co!u&%us !an"e" in 9&ericas 6a!though he "i"nAt see the :ain!an"7 hewas on!) in the Cari%%ean$ in St. Lucia$ the e?ect was that the (est In"ies$ actua!!) !ater on the In"ian tri%es therewere "eci&ate"$ i!!e" %) i&'orte" "isease ro& the Euro'ean which is s&a!! 'o*. But o course$ that i!!e" the& a!!$not the conGuest. :ain!) that$ the) ha#e no i&&unit). 4he stu") was the New (or!" e*'orte" another "isease to thewest in return$ &ight %e that S4 ca!!e" s)'hi!is. Because now$ a!! o these #iruses$ we shou!" %e arai" o the& i

there is no #accine !ie that so ca!!e" reston e%o!a$ hasnAt transerre" to hu&ans. :one) &)th$ the reston e%o!a ca&ero&Qwas "isco#ere" eston is ro& that !a%orator) so&ewhere in the south$ eston Wirginia$ !a%orator) where it was"isco#ere" ro& &one)s e*'orte" ro& the Phi!i''ines. (h) were the) e*'orting co&&on Phi!i''ine &one)s@ /or!a%orator) testing$ rats 5rst then higher &a&&a!s !ie &one)s then 'eo'!e. But then$ the) can a!so 5rst get %!oo"sa&'!es ro& in"igenous 'eo'!e who are i&&une ro& certain "iseases. Natura! i&&unit). Certain "rug co&'aniesgetting %!oo" sa&'!es ro& tri%es in Cor"i!!era$ Fa'anese &anuacturers$ curing i"ne) "isease$ getting urine sa&'!eo /i!i'ino urines in &o#ie houses$ how$ the urina! is 'orta%!e$ itAs a canister which is !ie a ho!e a tu%e sun in thegroun" actua!!) is the ha! &outh o the oi! container !ie he!i* cut it in ha!$ in#erte" it '!ace &outh in the tu%e. 4hatAswhat the) "o. /i!i'ino &en are note" or when the) 'ee$ the) 5rst s'it. ;ou "onAt now that gir!s@

So thereAs a !ot 5n"ings in the sa&'!e$ the) 5n" out the) ha#e 4B hahahaha. 4he &e"icine is ca!!e" urinase. See$ the)sto''e" it %ecause itAs counter'ro"ucti#e.

Entire an" se#era%!e contracts – itAs ust a%out #a!ua%!e consi"eration$ !i&ite" causa 6%ecause causa is %roa"er7


12/52


13/52


52 4he guarantee is "esigne" to secure the 'eror&ance o the 'rinci'a! o%!igation %ecause the "e%tor$ i he "oes not'eror&$ he wi!! !ose %oth the su%ect &atter o the 'restationQthe su%ect &atter o the contract '!us he wi!! a!so !osethe 'ro'ert) gi#en as a guarantee O he wi!! %e &a"e to 'a) a su& o &one) in a""ition.

=$N-4 " *+N&L CL&U4+41. Su%si"iar)2. Co&'!e&entar)

*unitive – Wa!ue o the 'ena! c!ause is &uch &ore than the #a!ue o the 'rinci'a! o%!igation to %!u"geon the "e%tor

into 'eror&ing the o%!igation$ itAs a coerci#e &easure. 3eA!! !ose &ore i he "oesnAt 'eror& the 'rinci'a! o%!igation$%ecause the a&ount o "a&ages wi!! %e #er) &uch &ore. 4he courts are authoriMe" to re"uce the "a&ages1. i the) 5n" that the %reach was not one that is wanton 6noo"!es7Qca!!ous "isregar" or the rights o the

cre"itorQ"one in %a" aith$ ust or"inar) %reach. I e*cessi#e$ e*or%itant$ 2shoc'in& to the "ud&e3 6usua!!) thereasona%!e u"ge or goo" ather o a a&i!) 'rinci'!e$ ather o a o&an a&i!) which what@ 9t the start o thec!assica! 'erio" o o&an !aw$ the) ha#e the 'ower o !ie an" "eath o#er their chi!"ren an" those un"er the&inc!u"ing the "aughterin!aw$ the) can %e "eca'itate"7

2. 6I )ou reach a&ages$ these "a&ages is i&'ortant$ e*act eGui#a!ent is i&'ortant or e!se it wi!! %e 'uniti#e7+4re%!e "a&ages,

,eparatory – 'reagree" &easure$ 'rior to the %reach

LiGui"ate" "a&ages 6@7

0 ebruary 2009

,esolutory perio! Fust !ie when Pro. Laureta co&es in$ en" o c!ass. 3e was &) 'roessor so I ha#e to %ow "own to hi&.(here e!se can he ta! without contra"iction@@Concentrate on!) on one 'hi!oso'her$ 3art- (e!are !egis!ation. But he was teaching us hart.3e was &) %oss$ he was the co!!ege secretar) an" stu"ent asst taing care o PLF

-eath o oblior in purely personal obliations

Compromise 6new contract$ new o%!igation create"7Court has to a''ro#e$ so thatAs a u"g&ent. I "e%tor ai!s to u!5!! co&'ro&ise agree&entEntit!e" to as the court or a writ o e*ecution a!rea")$ no nee" or other tria!$ ust the %reach o co&'ro&iseagree&ent

/utual !issent(hat "oes )our te*t%oo sa) a%out &utua! "issent:utua! assent$ the o''osite is &utua! "issent. Lie :U. See )ou a!wa)s %ring out the %est in &e %) %eing res'onsi#ean" eigning e*u%erance. Co&'i!ation o 'hrases that !aw)ers !ie to use. E#er)thing I sai" is 'ro%a%!) there a!so.

4hese are the &ost i&'ortant one$ R R:ost natura! is 'a)&ent an" 'eror&ance. (hat is %roa"er@ (hat is the &ost natura! wa) o "oing it@/i!e an" 'a) o ta* o%!igations.(e!! i )ouAre a sa!arie" e&'!o)ee$ the go#ern&ent a!rea") co!!ects &one) ro& )ou e#en %eore )ou ha#e ti&e tos'en" it %) wa) o withho!"ing ta* s)ste&. o#ern&ent a!rea") co!!ects ta* ro& )ou ne*t )ear$ without 'a)inginterest. ;ouAre gi#ing the go#ern&ent a !oan without )ou nowing. But o course$ can )ou reGuire the go#ern&ent toco&'ute !ega! rate o interest@ O course$ i )ou 'ass the !aw$ %eore that$ itAs interest ee. (h) I ha#e thought o this@Because o PacGuiao. Lie ichar" o&eM an" whoAs the gir!rien" o )an@ Fu")ann. I 'ro&ise to a''ear on 4W to e*to!e#er)one to 'a) ta*es e#en %eore itAs "ue an" %e 'atriotic.Su%!i&ina! &essage. onAt issue a &ission an" &inion$ I cannot "e"uct &) winnings an" !osses in sa%ong an" %i!!iar"s.

*ayment or perormance o most natural 3ay o e6tinuishin obliation. In 'restation not to "o$ there canne#er %e "eau!t %ecause the "e%tor is a!wa)s on his toes$ he shou!" not "o an) !itt!e %it an) acts that wi!! %e 'art o'restation not to "o.

(e ha#e stu"ie" twoa. Pa)&ent o o%!igations earning interest%. Pa)&ent o o%!igations on insta!!&ent 6the 'resu&'tions there7

(e can ana!)Me this tit!e$ 'ut or"er on the ru!es o 'a)&ent< 43INK 9BOU4 43E HUES4IONS 4394 9 FOUN9LIS4 9SKS@9 :assCo&& gra"uate ass$

D (ho are in#o!#e" here@ 2 %o"ies< 'a)or 6who shou!" 'a)7 an" 'a)ee 6recei#er7D (hat shou!" we 'a)@ $-+N'$'> D (here shou!" 'a)&ent %e &a"e@


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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page 1; o

52D (hen shou!" 'a)&ent %e &a"e@D (h)@ no 'ro#isionD 3ow@ $N'+%,$'>

(hy pay: ;ou can !et it rest$ an" wait 10 )ears or it to %eco&e . ;ouA!! ha#e worse ate than i )ou 'a). 4he cre"itorcan sue hi& on a s'eci5c 'eror&ance '!us "a&ages$ then thereA!! %e &one) u"g&ent$ which wi!! "o what@ ;ou shou!"%e arai" o the sheri?. Because he wi!! !e#) u'on a!! )our 'ro'erties that are not e*e&'t ro& e*ecution.ConseGuences o not 'a)ing wi!! %e &ore se#ere an" "etri&enta! to his 'ro'ert).

No one can %e i&'risone" or non'a)&ent o "e%t thatAs not true$ i the case %eco&es +estaa, an" +conte&'tcharge, 4hatAs wh) L9nge!es ha" to a''ear$ the &unici'a! &a)or o Sto. o&ingo$ 9!%a). 4hatAs the new na&e$na&e o 'atron saint. Use" to %e nown as ca'ita! Li%og. 9re the 'eo'!e o this &unici'a!it) &aL@ Part o that townis washe" awa) %) e*'!osion o :ount :a)on.

Not e#en )our a&i!) ho&e. ;ouA!! %e the target o the assassin in San Pe"ro Laguna a!!u"es to ::9 hea" o the"e&o!ition tea&$ the one "e&o!ishing i!!ega! structures. P!ent) o the "een"ants$ ust one sheri?$ he cannot e*ecuteso he ha" to as he!' o 'o!ice ocers %ecause heA!! %e &au!e" %) the 'eo'!e. 4he) a!so ha#e guns$ so the sheri? "oesthe shooting. (hat one sheri? "i" &an) )ears ago$ 5re" at the crow".

Characteristics o a vali! paymentASi"e trac< 6two wor"s which can this %e re&e&%ere" +Hueen E!iMa%eth e)ee)e,7 – &i!!ionaire %ecause o cutting"own trees in 9gusan 6an" other ti&%er!an"s o P$ outsi"e concession area$ when we use" to ha#e that in ourConstitution7 an" shi's it to Fa'an an" South Korea. Beca&e a congress&an. +I here%) crown )ou +Hueen E!iMa%eth II,

the town is ca!!e" PI!ar. Wer) "ear to &) heart$ %ecause this is where +&) 'i!!ow is %urie", –inunan$ '!acenta. ;ou'rostitute teachers$ IA!! &ae )ou 5r&a&ent. Per&anente – co!!oGuia! wor" is 'er&a&ente.,E! "ia – "a) La noche – night +Buenos noches, %ut ne#er &in"$ weA!! not 5nish O%!igations an" Contracts. :aes


15/52


521 =:

C1 2 =: =:

2 in "eau!t %ecause "e&an" &a"e on si&u!taneous!)$ he a!one in "eau!t. = : '!us "a&ages. Either 1 or can 'a) or "a&ages. Can the cre"itor reuse to acce't@ NO$ the) are r! person intereste! in theobliation. 4he three or one$ one or a!!. One "e%t$ three 'ersons. 4rinit).

But where !ies 1 an" As interest as thir" 'ersons@ C cannot reGuire &e to 'a)$ %ecause I a!rea") 'ai" &)

'art. C!ue< %ir"s o the sa&e eather$ Voc together. CEI4 S49NIN in the %usiness co&&unit). Business ogoo"wi!!. :a!aga"or$ "a&a) sha. 3e is sti!! in that Voc o %ir"s an" one has %ir" Vu. Can %orrow un"ercharacter !oan$ no nee" or cre"it in#estigation$ ust his ace.

%. NotDintereste! 6+usi, an" +'ai,7 (h) are )ou 'a)ing or &) "e%t$ that wou!" sen" 'eo'!ei&'ression that I a& 'oor an" inso!#ent$ I a& #er) ca'a%!e or &) o%!igation. I can 5!e s!an"er %)"ee"- I wi!! a!so sue the cre"itor %ecause he acce'te" it. CEI4O< I "onAt care who 'a)s or )our o%!ias !ong as itAs &one). I "onAt care where it co&es ro&.

i. e%tor ro& accion su(ro&atoria he is not intereste" in e*tinguishing his "e%torAs "e%t.

istinction %etween guarantor an" suret)< 6%oth o%!igors to secure the o%!igation$ the) 'ro&ise to 'a) in case 'rinci'a!"oes not 'a)7

%U&,&N'", 4U,+'> 3as "eenses a#ai!a%!e to hi&$ asi"e ro& o%!i not)et "ue. ight to "een" se!<

1. ED39US4ION aa EDCUSSION< +Princi'a!has not )et e*hauste" a!! his 'ro'erties.,

2. IWISION< I )ou acce't o%!i as guarantor$he can '!ea" to 'a) on!) ha! o theo%!igation.

@@!ouAll come across this in &uarant! and credittransaction

uarantor who %in"s hi&se! soli!arily. Oncecre"itor "e&an"s on "e%tor$ an" he "oes not 'a)$he can right awa) "e&an" ro& the suret). Isuret) 'a)s$ entireQu!! o%!igation$ he can as orrei&%urse&ent o the u!! a&ount$ not on!) theshare o the "e%tor. Because he wasnAt a'rinci'a!$ un!ie a so!i"ar) co"e%tor.

(hat is the "istinction %etween intereste" an" not intereste"

$N'+,+4'+- N"' $N'+,+4'+-

Cre"itor has the right to reuse ten"er o 'a)&ent ro& an)%o") e!se$ %ut not a W9LI 4ENE O/ P9;:EN4 &a"e %)C,+-$'", C&NN"' ,+U4+ *&>/+N' ,"/ ')+4+ *+"*L+A

1. "e%tor or his assignees2. re'resentati#eQsuccessor in interestQ. heir 6i "ea"7R. r" 'erson interest in the o%!igation.

Sea! o goo" houseee'ing in an inso!#enc) case. 3e gi#es to the "e%tor "ischarge to the inso!#enc)$ honora%!e"ischarge !ie a so!"ier. It &eans i the !ist o his o%!igation$ his "e%ts$ !ie a ueteng co!!ector$ itAs t !ong thatAs wh)the !ist o )our assets is ust 1 t. 4hen the "e%tor is in state o inso!#enc). 3eAs s!ate wi!! %e wi'e" c!ean$ he wi!! ha#e anew start at 0 asset. Start woring an" scri&'ing$ the aster wa) is waiting or his 'arents$ &arrie"Qchi!"!ess auntie$

gran"'arents to "ie so he can inherit. Or stu&%!e u'on hi""en treasure 6he was going 5shing an" struc a caset u!!o ewe!s an" go!". But o course$ thatAs another 'ro%!e& i he cou!" get entire thing !ega!!)7.

4ae note o who are third persons in interest in the o%!igation. &rt 102. ea" again 'ro#isions$ '!us 4o!entino an"see. Because what IA& gi#ing )ou is the (inho!" grain6@7. No &ore cha'. /ar&er again.

0; ebruary 2009

4his is our sarswe!a. LetAs ha#e 'a)&ent or our 9CLE.

()" /&> *&>

$,4' *+,4"N4


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OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page 1E o

52 4he usua! one who 'a)s is usua!!) the "e%tor$ those who are his heirs$ successors$ e*ecutors$ assigne" inc!u"ingagents an" re'resentati#es. 4hose are the 5rst 'ersons.

')$,- *+,4"N4$ntereste!

1. uarantor2. Suret). :ortgagor 6who "i" not sign as co"e%tor O signe" as co"e%tor %ut "i" not %in" hi&se! so!i"ari!)7

9cco&o"ation &ortgagor. ;our %estrien" is %orrowing ro& a !oan ro& cre"itor$ %ut the cre"itor reGuires hi& to 'utu' securit). 3e has no 'ro'erties$ on!) his ace$ %ut the character securit) is not enough. i#e )our car as a chatte!&ortgage.

:ortgagor is not so!i"ari!) %oun". 4he &ortgage is accessor) o%!igation. 4he '!e"ge or the &ortgage is an accessor)contract. 4he owner o the 'ro'ert) signs the &ortgage agree&ent$ he wi!! sti!! %e a thir" 'erson intereste" in theshare o the 'rinci'a! "e%tor. So he is a thir" 'erson intereste" in the o%!igation. Otherwise$ he is inter0erin&Y !ia%!e orGuasi"e!ict.

Can e*ercise riht o !ivision an" 'a)s ha!. But then he wi!! sti!! !ose the car$ it wi!! sti!! %e orec!ose". 4hatAs wh) heis intereste" in the e*tinguish&ent.

R. Funior cre"itorQencu&%rancerI )ou !oo at &rt 22;1 6s'eci5c &o#a%!e 'ro'ert) o the "e%tor7 an" 22R2 6s'eci5c i&&o#a%!e 'ro'ert) an" rea!rights o the "e%tor7

Later )ou wi!! es'ecia!!) nu&%er R an" =$ %ecause nu&%er 1 usua!!) wi!! %e ta*es$ the '!ace&ent o '!e"ges an"chatte! &ortgage$ eGui#a!ent or rea! 'ro'ert) wi!! %e rea! estate &ortgage$ 9N4IC3ESIS.ea! estate &ortgage 22R2Loo at the urnisher o &ateria!s$ an" R or s'eci5c i&&o#a%!e 'ro'ert)But or re'air$ in the other one itAs nu&%er =. ;ouA!! co&e across 'ro'ert) ne*t )ear 6LopeB v Orosa7$ 'riorit) o 'reerence o the cre"it. 9%out theater an" rea!estate &ortgage. ;ou negotiate with So! i )ou want &e or Pro'ert).

Not intereste!AD :ae )our own !ist$ Chi. Sir La%s "i" not e!uci"ate

,eimbursementA1. $N'+,+4'+-

:ost 'eo'!e want that rei&%urse" to the u!! %ene5t9 ew "oes not want donation$ which &ust %e acce'te" in the 'ro'er or&Y otherwise it wi!! not %e'erecte" un!ess there is or&a!it) e#en 'ri#ate writing. 9!though the "onation has not )et %een 'erecte"$ thethir" 'erson 'erector as "onor$ wi!! not 5!e an action or rei&%urse&ent$ otherwise$ he wi!! %e !a%e!e" as an$n!ian iver. O course 'ach)"er&a! or a'a! &us.

4he ones who wi!! co&'!ain wi!! %e the heirs o !onors or his cre!itors i he is reduced to insolvenc! .Ca'acit) to a!ienate an" enter into contract.(ithout 'reu"ice to the eHect o natural obliation$ 6which )ou wi!! !earn !ater7 in#o!#es pa!ment o0 the ?rd person. :INO can"ies is necessar) or 'ro&otion o "enta! carries.

2. N"' $N'+,+4'+-A e%tor can c!ai& that he wasnAt %ene5te" %) the 'a)&ent. 4he %ur"en o 'ro#ing that"e%tor "eri#e" %ene5t is on the r" 'erson 'a)or.

'o 3hom must payment be ma!eUn"ue 'a)&ent. Su?ering un"er &istae o act or &istae as to the 'erson to who& )ou 'a). I !ou *a! to t+ew#ong *a#t!, ea-. to t+e e/tingui.+ment o obigation0 I the cre"itor can %e

1. ui!t) o neg!igence in 6"e%tor was !e" to %e!ie#e that the r" 'erson has authorit) to co!!ectQrecei#e7 %asishere is ES4OPPEL B; :ISEPESEN494ION. Basis o &rt 12;1 *ar .

2. Court a''ointe" recei#er in inso!#enc). Successor in interest or assignee thir" 'erson ste's into the shoes o cre"itor an" that assignee o the cre"it

6essentia! assign&ent o the cre"it is a +sa!e o cre"it7 which is an +incor'orea! &o#a%!e, or'ersona!Qintangi%!e 'ro'ert). ;ou wonAt un"erstan" this unti! ne*t se&.

R. Inca'acitate" cre"itor no urther "e&an"$ %ut when went to St. LueAs 3os'ita! u' an" a%out %ut in ares'irator an" "e*trose$ s!ee'ing soun"!). 3eAs ust co&atose %ut the) sa) )ouAre hearing is the !ast one to go.So )ou whis'er to )our cre"itor. +/oo!ish "e%tor. Ne#er 'a) to so&eone who is inca'acitate"., IA& 'ai" na ha$'ut un"er )our 'i!!ow or 'ut in )our han"s.


17/52


52Loo or so&eone who re'resents hi&. I )ouAre sure itAs 'art o the 9CP$ 'a) to the wie an" !et hersign the recei't. But i not$ the saest wa) is to go to the court an" CONSIN94ION. 4rou%!e with that is)ouAre enriching the SC. Use" or %onuses o the u"ges. 9n) inco&e %) the SC can %e s'ent an" "oesnot go to the genera! un"s. So ust !oo or an) recei#er$ re'resentati#e or guar"ian. E*'ensi#e%ecause )ouA!! 5!e action an" 'a) the "ocet ees. Lega! research ee.9uthoriMe o'ening a %an account or "e'ositing it in the %an account o the cre"itor. Usua!!) a!!owe"in 'a)&ent o renta!s. But )ou &ust get 'er&ission.

UNL+44 7e6ceptionAD Ke't the thing "e!i#ere"

D Bene5tte" hi&$ e.g. use" or 'a)&ent o hos'ita! %i!!s an" )ou can 'ro#e it.=. r" 'ersona. Lega! heirs as a grou' i he has "ie".%. e"oun"e" to the %ene5t o the cre"itor

Can )ou 'a) to in"a)@ (h) in"a)@ 4he &ai" who was &ore now!e"gea%!e an" !iterate than the %ossQ&aster. 3e wason #acation. Can )ou 'a) in"a) or secretar) e#en i )ou now the secretar) is the &istress@ I "i" not !ea#e an)oneauthoriMe"$ )ou &ae sure itA!! re"oun" to the %ene5t o the cre"itor !ie In"a) acce'te" P= an" then use" ora!!owance or &areting is &i! gust!ing to""!er without %eing !actose into!erant$ e*ce't that so&eti&es he a!soincreases the +&ethane e&ission,$ ater that )ou can 'ro#e that$ )ou can sue her or estaa %) con#ersion or thet.Part o it$ I ha#enAt %een 'ai" or &) sa!ar) or two &onths$ the %a!ance I got it or &)se!$ I ust to!" &) &aster.

N++- N"' #+ *,"@+- $N &rt 12;11. In e?ect %eca&e the cre"itor$ %ecause he %eca&e an a..ignee o the cre"it or in+e#ite- the cre"it2. ati5es un"erstan" )ou 'ai" to &) secretar) e#en i she went to ustanAs an" sho''e" with it$ ust "onAt te!!

&) &isis$ the rea! one. ItAs a!right$ )ouAre a!rea") 'ai". In act )ou wi!! not raise a how!.. Con"uct %ase" on esto''e!$ ha#e the authorit) to recei#e the 'a)&ent. No authoriMation to recei#er %ut %)

con"uct o the cre"itor$ he was !e" to %e!ie#e that ' ha" authorit) to recei#e the 'a)&ent. In"a) again$ r" 'erson.

3ere is an o!" !a") who was a renter o 10 a'art&ents in a co&'oun". 4en. I&agine that. 4hen a!! the renta!s wi!! %e"ue the 5rst wee o the en" o the &onth$ the) wi!! tae wan. She "oes not hire co!!ectors$ a!rea") = )ears o!" an"sti!! si&') an" e#er) &onth sin 'ee! an" so&eti&es %oto* treat&ent. E#er)ti&e she goes aroun" 5rst wee$ an"then 'ersona!!) co!!ects the renta!s$ she usua!!) ha#e her acia!$ the ra)s o the sun wi!! %e %a" or the we!!%eing o hersin so she has in"a) carr)ing an u&%re!!a an" han"%ag with a!! the recor" %oo an" a!! 'a)&ents.

ew!a' here. I was a or&er co!!ege secretar)$ I now what shou!" %e nown. 4hatAs what 'ro Sison is "oing. Wic)%e!o. IsnAt this %etter than 9CLE@@ She cannot ace the 'u%!ic %ecause her ace is as re" as a !o%ster. In"a) goesaroun" co!!ecting ro& the rents. She ha" )our han"%ag an" u&%re!!a. ;ou ne#er to!" us not to 'a) ro& her. 4hat

In"a)$ e!o'e" with &) "ri#er--- In"a) wrote her a !etter$ +ear :a&$ I co!!ecte" renta!s ro& a!! tenants or &onth oNo#e&%er$ %ecause )ou ne#er increase" &) sa!ar) o P2$ accor"ing to the La%or Co"e. ;ou "i"nAt not enro!! &e tothe SSS. :asa"a$ ter&ina! 'a) a&ount )ou 'a) or the &onth. PS 4i)o is with &e. I ha#e tic!e" hi& awa).,

4ae Pro'ert) un"er "i?erent 'roessor$ IA!! re'eat the sa&e oes. 3eAs ho!"ing &) u&%re!!a. /ernan"oAs hi"eawa). 4heorigina! hi"eawa) is oo& 202$ Pro. Sison an" &) roo&. ;ou as his or&er stu"ents. C!ass =0As "own. 3is &otto inc!ass$ "icu!t an" i&'ossi%!e.

(hat shoul! be pai!:$-+N'$'>A cannot %e a "i?erent one$ inc!u"ing a!! accessions an" accessories. Shou!" not su?er an) "eterioration$otherwise$ the "e%tor wi!! %e in "eau!t. Neg!igent in 'eror&ing his o%!igations. 4ae goo" ather o a a&i!).

I it is a 'restation to gi#e a generic thing. &rt 12;E1. CEI4O cannot "e&an" su'erior o the genus2. EB4O cannot "e!i#er inerior o the genus

8the o''osite is true$ the "e%tor can "e!i#er su'erior 6thanu! cre"itor or that IA!! contract with )ou again7 an" cre"itorcan acce't inerior 6wai#e" his rights to not recei#e it7

Prestation to "o< 4he act 'ro&ise" to %e "one. (hat was 'ro&ise" not to %e "one$ shou!" not %e "one. Not e#en a s&a!! 'ortion o it.9n) act that wi!! !ea" to the "oing that was 'ro&ise" not to %e "one. Now co&es the 'a)&ent o so&e o &one)

Pa) &one) is 'restation to gi#e generic thing< :one) is a generic thing$ s'eci5c thing i nu&is&atic co!!ection 9rtiacts o 9ghanistan ha#e %een sto!en$ &ost o it Si! an" tea were the e*'orts o the china to the west$ es'ecia!!) to Eng!an" which is the 'ri&ar) &ariti&e

'ower. 4he) "i"nAt "rin co?ee. On!) tea. Not te$ te""). 4hatAs how the) 'ronounce it. +4e, went to war orcingchina to se!! o'iu&. China "oesnAt !ie i&'orting o'iu& %ecause too &an) Chinese are a""icte". i#e awa)


18/52


523K. 4o the Chinese$ reco#er) o 3K was a &atter o nationa! 'ri"e. 4o us !osing our territor)$ itAs not nationa!'ri"e$ itAs &atter o con#enience. E#en 'ro%a%!) the Ka!a)aan Is!an"s &ight %e %artere" awa) or so&ething.In#iting the Sau"is$ Li%)an$ :a!a)sians$ to :in"anao$ the)A!! a!! %e Guare!!ing o#er :in"anao. oo" i we a!soin#ite the Israe!is$ itAs the &i""!e east a!! o#er again. 4he &ost erti!e !an"s is in :in"anao$ i )ou "rain it.

&rt 1250 – tae not at the ti&e the o%!igation was esta%!ishe".

Wa!ue o 'eso the ti&e o%!igation was esta%!ishe". But usua!!)$ the 'arit) o the 'eso to the oreign currenc) is"eter&ine" at the ti&e o the 'a)&ent instea" o ti&e o esta%!ishing. ,& 529 an! ,& ;100

Li%era!iMe"$ agree to &ae a contract$ !oan 'a)a%!e in oreign currenc)$ %eore it was a!wa)s in the !ega! ten"er o thePhi!i''ines. ;ou !oo at the 'eso$ this the !ega! ten"er or a!! "e%ts an" o%!igations in the Phi!i''ines.

Pa)&ent o interest or using so&e%o") e!seAs &one). Charging o interest is in &rt 195E – !oan or or%earance$&one) goo" or cre"it. 4here is no sti'u!ate" right o interest$ there wou!" %e 12 as "a&ages or "eau!tQ"e!a). Un!essthere is sti'u!ation or %oth using the &one) an" interest charge" as 'ena!t) or or "eau!t.

-&'$"N3istorica! account o Ponce de Leon v !"uco$ there has %een Guestions %eore. 4here were !ots o cases in contracts"uring Fa'anese war 'a)a%!e in Fa'anese war notes.

I to!" )ou &) 9CLE can %e un$ %ut it wi!! %e on 4ues"a).

11 ebruary 2009

=alalo v LuI is &entione" in Eastern Shi''ing Lines. Interest shou!" %e counte" ro& the "ate o 'a)&ent. ea"careu!!) Ka!a!o # LuM &entione" so&ething a%out esto''e!. /in" out what in" o esto''e! is that since there arese#era! t)'es o esto''e!.

*apa v &@ Wa!encia thatAs the %roer. 4he co&'!ications that the case can go through. Not on!) the se!!er an" %u)er%ut a!so the. U' to )ou now as !aw)er to unra#e! a!! o these. Pai" han"so&e!) i )ou get the right c!ient$ i not )ou get%rownie 'oints in hea#en i &ratis in amore. icu!t or a !aw)er to enter the 'ear!) gate %ecause the) are a!! !iars.

*&L v C& case !aste" or &ore than 0 )ears. 3ow &uch was in#o!#e"@ Not &uch$ ust "a&ages or contract. Sheri?a%scon"e" with the a&ount. :ae arrange&ent with the %an so that the u"g&ent cre"itor wi!! %e 'ai" rather thanthe sheri?. Strict!) s'eaing$ P9L shou!" not %e !ia%!e an)&ore$ %ut we!!$ it was unair %ecause u' unti! 20 )ears !aterthe '!ainti? sti!! "i"nAt get ustice or her cause.

ea" the historica! account o Fa'anese warnotes$ worth the 'a'er was 'rinte". Late 1>R= was worth nothing an)&ore.But thatAs accor"ing to a &onetar) e*'ert hire" %) the go#ern&ent whose na&e was Ba!!ant)ne$ whose "a) wi!! co&eon Satur"a). S'e!!e" "i?erent!).

In or"er that &ortgage shou!" %e #a!i"$ the one who shou!" constitute it shou!" %e the owner. I %) other 'erson thanthe owner$ the &ortgage wi!! %e #oi". One o the artic!es in genera! ru!es re!ati#e to &ortgage is 9rt 20J=. Essentia!reGuisite$ the contract wi!! %e #oi".

9ntichresis is a%out rea! 'ro'ert). But '!e"ge an" antichresis not the sa&e. Chatte! &ortgage an" rea! estate is a!&ostthe sa&e asi"e ro& the chatte! &ortgage has a registr). In or"er that C: %e %in"ing u'on r" 'ersons$ it has to %erecor"e" in the C: registr). 4he rea! estate o &ust %e registere" as an encu&%rance in the registr) o "ee"s wherethe 'ro'ert) is !ocate". tit!e 'ro'ert)$ it

Loo at the co&'!ications in here$ R 'arties in#o!#e" a!rea"). One who inter#ene was the Chinese$ 3ao. 3e was the onewho %ought it ro& the 5rst 'urchaser then here co&es this orec!osure sa!e. 4his case in#o!#es %oth o%!igations an"

'ro'ert).

+arnest money – contract o sa!e is consensua!$ 'erecte" %) consent o the two 'arties as to agree&ent to se!! an"consi"eration$ %ut sti!! e*ecutor. Lie the 11>1$ none o the& wi!! 'a) "a&ages$ wi!! 'a) in "eau!t$ the %u)er cannot %ein "eau!t un!ess the se!!er "e!i#ers to hi& the thing to %e so!". (ithout one o the& u!5!!ing their res'ecti#e'restation$ none o them 3ill incur !elay. Later )ou wi!! see the re!ationshi' o this with the +nature o contract,.Both o the& wi!! only have !eman!able obliation.

In case the sa&e se!!er se!!s the sa&e 'ro'ert) to a 2 n" %u)er who was a%!e to reGuire the "e!i#er) o the thing$ the 2n" %u)er %eco&es the owner o the thing so!". 4he 5rst %u)er has no riht o action to reco#er the goo"s or& the 2n" %u)er. 9!! that is !et to hi& is recover !amaes ro& the se!!er. No 'ri#it) o contract %etween %u)er 1 an" %u)er 2.Once the s'eci5c thing so!" is !elivere! to the 2n" %u)er$ then it is &ost !ie!) that the 2n" %u)er is the owner an"since the 1st %u)er has personal riht aainst the seller$ his interest$ he cannot sue or the recovery o thegenericQs'eci5c things "e!i#ere" to the 2n" %u)er. 9!! he can as is "a&ages %ecause the se!!er is a!rea") in "eau!t.


19/52


52Se!!er &ora so!#en"i %ecause he is the "e%tor in the thing to %e so!". 4hatAs the reason wh) a 5rst %u)er who on!) has'ersona! right cannot 5!e an action to reco#er or re'!e#in the &o#a%!e 'ro'ert) that was so!" to 2 n" %u)er. Nicer towor" the use #en"ee. I )ouAre writing it$ use #en"ee$ i )ou sa) it$ )ou &ight interchange it. Wen"ee an" #en"or is%etter. :ortgage is &ere!) an accessor) contract. e'en"s u'on the 'rinci'a! contract. 9 &ortgage or a '!e"ge or anantichresis &a) a!so secure an) other 'restation$ e#en the 'restation to "o or not to "o 6a!though not a!wa)se&'hasiMe"7.

oing %ac. Earnestness in %u)ing$ to show that )ou are in goo" aith. But in contract o sa!e$ it shou!" %e consi"ere"as 'art o the 'urchase 'rice. Later )ou wi!! see$ there is a!so earnest &one)$ o'tion &one). 4hatAs "i?erent. Not &uch

"i?erence %etween P an" earnest &one). But P is nor&a!!) or 'a)a%!e in insta!!&ents. Can sti'u!ate to oreit theearnest &one). 9!so si&i!ar to oo! aith money.

"ption perio! – o''ortunit) to ee' in o'en. 4he o'tion can %e a #a!ua%!e consi"eration or the o'tion su''osing )ou'a)

Wa!ue o 'eso re!ati#e to a oreign currenc). ItAs using 9 =2> which Sir sai" was o!". 4hereAs 9 R100 an" 9 J1J.alalo v LuB in#o!#es 9 =2>. ;ou nee" architect to now i the highrise can su''ort a!! the Voors. It wi!! su''ort %utnot resist 5re. (hat a& I a"#erting to@ :an"arin Orienta! hote! in Beiing.htt'


20/52


52

*&>/+N' #> C+44$"N – state o inso!#enc)$ not enough &one)Qassets to 'a) o? a!! his cre"itors so what he"oes is to 'ut out the white Vag together with it is the tit!es o his 'ro'erties.

3e te!!s his cre"itors that he is assigning to the& a!! o his rights to these 'ro'erties$ authoriMing the& to se!!a!! o his 'ro'erties.

;ES he is still liable %ecause what he shou!" ha#e "one is to 5!e an action or voluntary insolvency i he issure that he "i"nAt co&&it an) acts o inso!#enc) that wou!" "isGua!i) hi& ro& %eing gi#en a +"ischarge ininso!#enc), 6honora%!e "ischarge7 ater a!! his 'ro'erties are gi#en to the cre"itors$ their 'ro'ortionate sharewhich is ca!!e" "i#i"en"s in inso!#enc)$ then the court wi!! gi#e to the inso!#ent "e%tor. 3is recor" is wi'e"

c!ean. 3e is %orn again hehe o sorts$ %ut not so$ &onetar) wise. 3e can now incur in o%!igation I' so&ecre"itor wi!! "ea! with hi&.

But in case o 'a)&ent %) cession$ an" thereAs a %a!ance o ten &i!!ion$ )ou wait unti! &) a#orite gran"&other"ies an" she gi#es &e an inheritance ro& her !ast wi!! an" testa&ent. ue to recei#e 'art o her ree 'ortion.In short$ liability is not totally e6tinuishe!.

Sa!e o 'ro'erties to the cre"itor with the agree&ent to e*tinguish the o%!igation.

'+N-+, " *&>/+N'4 ", C"N4$%N&'$"N – rea" the reGuisites.

1 ebruary 2009

4en"er o 'a)&ents shou!" co&'!) with a!! the reGuisitesOtherwise the one main ten!er o payment is a r! person$ reusa! o the cre"itor is vali!.9!! the reGuisites &ust %e strict!) co&'!ie" with.

4en"er o 'a)&ent1st notice/i!ing o the consignationQ"e'osit o a&ount2n" notice cre"itor a!! intereste" in the o%!igation 4ria!o man! opportunities 0or creditor to accept the pa!ment/

Sotto % "i1a#e. wi!!ing "e%tor %ut with con"itionPaci2c Timbe# % Cene#i. 6@7

L"44 7o the thin !ue or $/*"44$#$L$'> " *+,",/&NC+

)o3 !oes loss occur: &rt 1189 2K

1. Perishes2. oes out o co&&erce. isa''ears in such a wa) that wherea%outs are nownQe#en i nown cannot %e reco#ere" 6e.g. sins in the

%otto& o :arianas$ %!a&e ussians. Ours was the "ee'er unti! the) &easure" the :arianas O in the %otto&o Lae Baia!$ "ee'est resh water !ae in the wor!"$ thatAs wh) the) "u&' their "ecre'it 'o!!utants there7

8 in" o !oss %ut Gua!i5cation wise$ there are on!) two1. 'otal2. *artial – as "e5ne" there a%out !oss$ how &an) in"s o !osses are there. 4wo@

*hysical – 'erishes s'eci5c things i the one who 'erishes is the "e%tor$ that is !oss o the ,thing"ue,

Leal – goes out o co&&erce

'he enus never perishes not true$ %ecause it can %e !ega!!) !ossI the !oss ha''ens through ortuitous e#ents$ the "e%tor not gui!t) o concurrent neg!igence< +'$N%U$4)+-

3a#e )ou seen a horse %eing sa""!e"@ ;ou 'ut a %!anet 5rst %eore )ou 'ut the sa""!e. 9roun" the a%"o&en o thehorse or the chest. ItAs not the a%"o&en. Or on the %uttocs o the horse. IsnAt it@

4he 'arties are reverte! to the status uo ante 'rior to the e*tinguish&ent o the o%!igation.

P%RTI%L LO< the court wi!! "eter&ine whether the 'artia! !oss is so i&'ortant so as to e*tinguish the o%!igation. I)ou are "e!i#ering a s'eci5c horse$ a race horse$ then a o%er&an u&'e" on it an" %it its ears$ !ie :ie 4)son an"E#an"er 3o!)5e!". Pro%a%!)$ this :ie 4)son !o#es to eat ear$ he wou!" %e at ho&e here at ca&'us %ecause there isthe %%G stan" there ca!!e" +ten&a,. Its ears was ust "eor&e"$ it can sti!! run.

+C+*'$"N4A Notwithstan"ing the ha''ening o the ortuitous e#ent o the thing "ue$ the "e%tor wi!! sti!! %e !ia%!e.1. Sti'u!ation2. 9ssu&'tion o ris


21/52


52. en"ere" it %e)on" his 'ower to co&'!) to o%!igation< so!" to another thir" 'erson or secon" 'erson

Others are spread in the CC, e/&/R. ui!t) o concurrent neg!igence=. e%tor a!rea") in "eau!t (h) "o )ou &ae hi& !ia%!e or the ortuitous e#ent@ escission "a&ages@

(h)@ 3a" he "e!i#ere" the thing %eore the ha''ening o the ortuitous e#ent$ it wou!" not ha#e %eena?ecte".

Su'er t)'hoons are on!) o%ser#e"Qreser#e" or Bico! egion. 3a" he not "eau!te"$ e#en i it wou!" ha#e %een !ossan)wa)$ it wou!" ha#e %een !oss in the 'ossession o the new owner@ 6sa&e #icinit)7On I*araAs sneeMe< itAs not so !ou" an)&ore. IA& gonna wash that &an right out o &) hair.

*,+4U/*'$"NA 4he !oss o the s'eci5c thing is 'resu&e" to %e !oss through the au!t o the "e%tor i it is in his'ossession 6'ri&a acie7. 4he %ur"en o the 'roo on the 'art o the "e%tor that it was in"ee" !ost through the au!t othe "e%tor. 3O(EWE$ the 'resu&'tion is #e%e#.e- i !oss through natura! ca!a&it).

Otherwise$ gui!t) o concurrent e#i"ence e.g. #o!canic eru'tion which &eans +9ct o o", thing 'resu&e" to %e!oss through ortuitous e#ent 6cre"itorAs %ur"en o 'roo to 'ro#e that concurrent neg!igence or au!t o the "e%tor7

9ir'!ane crashe" into )our house< et engine swa!!owe" two "ucs or Cana"ian geese 6since the) are %igger7 o courseitAs a ortuitous e#ent$ act o &an or o" 6Phoe%e< act o the "uc7 the wor" to %e use" is s!nchronicit! . (h) shou!"those geese %e in the Vight 'ath o the air'!ane@ 3a" the '!ane %e 20 &eters a%o#e the +Vight '!an, o the geese$ the)wou!"nAt ha#e %een suce" in %) the air'!ane. Now there shou!" %e a warning or air'!anes to tae care o the s'are'arts o the two sate!!ites that co!!i"e" in outer s'ace then raining "e%ris.

Natura! ca!a&it) T ortuitous e#ent

Not natura! ca!a&it) T not ortuitous e#ent$ %ur"en to 'ro#e casus ortuito wou!" %e on the 'art o the "e%tor

4he 9ustra!ian %rush5re %urns so we!! %ecause &ost o the& are euca!)'tus trees. 4he) ha#e oi!. (hen )ou ha#e oi!$ it%urns. 4he) are a!so '!anting euca!)'tus in the Phi!i''ines. /or 'ur'oses o e!ectric 'osts %ecause the) are strong an"straight. Fust !ie 'ine trees$ the) a!so ha#e oi! ca!!e" tur'entine. (hen )our horseAs 6the horse again7 oot is swo!!en)ou &assage the& with oi!.

(h) "i" )ou tie that cow in the ri#er when there is a stor& co&ing in. /ro& the %ans o the ri#er where it &ight"rown. :ost !ie!) it wi!! not %e "rowne" %ut it wi!! %e in another '!ace ater the Voo"$ )ouA!! ha#e to !oo or it.

-$4'$N%U$4) #+'(++N -$+,+N' *,+4'&'$"N41. Prestation to "o – itAs not ca!!e" lost that causes the e*tinguish&ent$ %ut ca!!e" the +i&'ossi%i!it) o

'eror&ance,2. Prestation not to "o – i&'ossi%i!it) o non'eror&ance 6e.g. 'ro&ise" not to en!ist as a so!"ier$ %ut

reGuire" %) &i!itar) ca!!u'$ )ou are reGuire" un"er the 'ain o incarceration su'erse"e" %) thei&'ossi%i!it) o non'eror&ance7

Loo at &rt 12E 6&ight %e useu! or )ou !ater7D e%tor wi!! %e the court$ %ut )ou wi!! ha#e to as the court to re!ease )ou ro& the o%!igation %ecause o the

"icu!t) o 'eror&ing the o%!igationD 9t the ti&e o%!igation create" %) contract was entere" into$ 'arties ne#er conte&'!ate" such a circu&stance

6e.g. change in techno!og)7 outsi"e the a&%it o their now!e"ge %ut o course here$ these one runs counter tothe genera! 'rinci'!e in contract that the 'arties shou!" 'eror& whate#er the sti'u!ation the) agree" to.

D 4he) agree" to the sti'u!ations #o!untari!) so the) shou!" co&'!) in goo" aith – o%!igator) orce o thecontract together with the ree"o& o the 'arties to sti'u!ate

&rt 1159

4oo in %!ue 'i!!s in a &ote!. igors was too &uch$ so he was ri&or mortis.

4he Cit) o :ani!a !ost the case %ut Sogo %i" the& a!!. Notice that Sogo the) are so near certain %usinessesta%!ish&ents that )ou can &ae acti#e !et turn an" then )ouAre !ost. Proessor isini was recounting a%out the gir!who crie" in his c!ass. Rth case o cr)ing %ecause he sai" he shou!" %e a%!e to "eci"e we!! %ecause )ou &ust ha#erecei#e" a "oMen roses !ast Satur"a). She crie". 4urns out that she ust %roe u' with her %o)rien" %eore Wa!entines.3is &entioning "oMen roses was what she was &issing. 9t !east here$ his stu"ent the chi!"ren are %us) in !a%or !aw. 4he ci#i! !aw #ersion o that ru!e in internationa! !aw in inter'retation o treaties &rt 1129 6 pactu su servanta7 treat)sti'u!ation. 4he o''osite o that is clausa re(us stantlo 6@7 (43----

9!&ost the sa&e with circu&stances &aniest!) %e)on" the treat). One goo" e*a&'!e o this is Paris use" to %e nownas the cit) o !ights. E#en %eore 4ho&as 9!#a E"ison in#ente" the incan"escent !a&' a!though another in#entorstarte" it a!! Nio!a# 4es!a. ItAs ust that 49E was a%!e to co&&ercia!iMe a!! this$ gathere" ca'ita!s to &ass 'ro"uce". Butthe)Are %oth "ea"$ now 49E is cre"ite". (hat was his a"age@ >> 'ers'iration an" 1 ins'iration. 6scutt!e%utt with 4es!a7 it was !ighte" with gas !a&'s$ )ou ha#e to !ight the gas !a&'s. 4here was a contract %etween the out5t an" the


22/52


52cit) o Paris where the out5t is su''ose" to hire 'eo'!e to see that gas !a&'s wi!! %e !ighte" at "us. Usua!!) thecontract is or certain nu&%er o )ears.

19 ebruary 2009

1. 9c B" g2. 9" Bc. 9" Bc

Cc

Fust %) &astering this$ )ou can recou' )our 'arents e*'enses. ;ou "o not rea!iMe that !ega! co&'ensation has taen'!ace. One o the o%!igations has %eco&e natura! o%!igation.

Once the 5#e reGuisites o !ega! co&'ensation concur$ %oth o%!igation is e*tinguishe". $pso acto occurs. 4here has %een 'artia! co&'ensation 5#e )ears ago$ the "een"antAs o%!igation is no !onger the u!! a&ount interest 'ena!t). e"uce the a&ounts ro& = )ears ago an" then the a&ount thatAs "ue the "een"ant s'en"s &ore an" then%eore that once )ou rea!iMe that !ega! co&'ensation too '!ace$ i )ouAre Guic a%out it at the ti&e )ou are retaine"$+what i I can re"uce )our o%!igation to J0 wi!! )ou gi#e &e the 20@,

o to the "istri%utor o B:( an" git )ourse! with %ran" new B:( then )ouA!! ha#e %ragging rights when )ou as )ourc!ass&ates or an inor&a! reunion wherein )ou are the host. Later on$ those o )ou who are &ateria!istic as &ost o)ou are$ in )our reunion an) get together o the c!ass$ )ouA!! %e co&'aring notes$ not a%out 'ersona! !ie %ut &ateria!'ossession. See i )ou "onAt "o it$ I guarantee )ou. E#en now those who ha#e ce!e%rate" their si!#er u%i!ee$ the) co&e

ho&e "onAt )ou thin the) %rag a%out the&se!#es$ e*ce't the) re&e&%er how the) were 2= )ears ago. Insu!te" %)'roessor 6Pro. :aga!!ona7 an" "i"nAt rea!iMe it unti! )ou sat "own an" thin a%out it. e!a)e" reaction$ +I thin I wasinsu!te"., (atch out. >ou can earn your eep by masterin leal compensation.

Lega! an" acu!tati#e. (hich is &ore "icu!t@ :ore su%t!e@&rt 129 – 'ro#i"es cut an" "r) reGuire&ents

,+MU$,+/+N'4 " L+%&L C"/*+N4&'$"N1. 2 "e%ts2. Su& o &one) or ungi%!e thing

o Not a''!ica%!e or s'eci5cQ"eter&inate things 6though 'ossi%!e through 0acultative condition7o $1N#I


23/52


52"nce all o these fve reuisites are presents e6tinuishe! up to concurrent amount. I no one e#er c!ai&s$ignorance is %!iss. ;ou "onAt now that )ou ha#e 'ai" so &uch. But i )ou "i"$ )ou cannot c!ai& it %ac when )ourea!iMe it. Now what is the 'rescri'ti#e 'erio" or c!ai&ing the !ega! co&'ensation@ O%!igation create" %) !aw@

2; ebruary 2009

1. 9c 6=:7 B"C" oint o%!igation 6;es$ he can c!ai& co&'ensation %ut on!) u' to 2.= :7

2. 9" 62:7 Bc 6;es$ 9 c!ai& the "i?erence : ro& B7$ 6B can as rei&%urse&ent o 2.= ro& C7

6uarantor can a!so c!ai& co&'ensation ro& 9$ whoe#er the "e%tor7

&CUL'&'$@+ C"/*+N4&'$"N – one o the 'arties can c!ai& the right to co&'ensation as or the %!essing o thecourt

1. Sus'ensi#e con"itionQ'erio" 9c 6=:7 B"2. /e% 20$ 200> 9" 6o%!i to gi#e s'eci5cQgeneric thing e.g. s'eci5c B:(7 Bc

8 Cannot %e co&'ensate" %ecause not o the sa&e in". So how wou!" &ae co&'ensation 'ossi%!e@ Usua!!)cannot %e "one %ecause the) are o "i?erent in"s8 B) wrecing the B:( etc. through the insurance$ %reaching the o%!igation< %est c!ue8 In "eau!t$ now !ia%!e or the "a&ages whate#er B 'ai" or the B:(8 Con#ert "e!i#er) o B:( %ecause )ou can as or rescission '!us "a&ages

8 ()" ($LL CL&$/ ')+ &CUL'&'$@+:: & or #:: 4hin it through now so )ouA!! ha#e so&ething to "o 4he one who cou!" acu!tati#e!) co&'ensate here is -ebtor # %ecause itAs his o%!igation that is not )et "ue %ecauseo the sus'ensi#e con"itionQ'erio" itAs a%sur" %ecause heA!! 'a) 2: i he co&'ensates- 4hat wou!" %e oo!ish-

1. Sus'ensi#e con"itionQ'erio" 9c 6:7 B"2. /e% 20$ 200> 9" 6=:7 Bc

Perio" shou!" %e or the %ene5t o the "e%tor$ he can a!wa)s wai#e it1. Sus'ensi#e con"itionQ'erio" 9c 6:7 B"2. /e% 20$ 200> 9" 6=:7 Bc

In )our &in"$ a!wa)s "istinguish$ Gua!i).

(hatAs the other na&e or JU-$C$&L C"/*+N4&'$"N@ Counterc!ai& or seto? Not )et !iGui"ate"$ so the court wi!! "eter&ine it "uring the tria!.

Litan) a%out the #eterans. ea" the case o *N# v 4apphire.tipulacion pour autri 6sti'u!ation or others7 – on!) Pro. :ora!es can 'ronounce it$ )ou wi!! ha#e to cur! )our tongue.

&rt 19; a&ages cause %) a 'artner in a 'artnershi'eason< canAt %ene5t ro& his own wrong

&44$%N/+N' " C,+-$'Can the "e%tor c!ai& co&'ensation@ It "e'en"s i he nowsQconsents to the assign&ent

1. I consente!< he shou!" reser#e his rights2. i" not consent 6o%ecte"7$ %ut new o assign&ent o rights< c!ai& co&'ensation 're#ious to the

assign&ent 6cuto? 'oint is ti&e o assign&ent7. I "i"nAt now< can sti!! c!ai& co&'ensation o his own cre"its in the contracting 6'rior7 – unti! he !earns a%out

the assign&ent

"ther name or L+%&L C"/*+N4&'$"NA loo or it. $t?s also no3n as 3hat:

N"@&'$"N

Not a co&'!ete e*tinguish&ent$ "ust theoretical %ecause )ou create" another o%!igation.ItAs not an a(solute e*tinguish&ent$ &ere!) re!ati#e e*tinguish&ent.ENE9L ULE< not 'resu&e"$ nee"s to %e 'ro#e".

&N$/U4 N"@&N-$ intention to no#ate es'ecia!!) in the case o su(stitution o0 the de(tor an" implied o("ective no#ation

=$N-4 " N"@&'$"N1. O%ecti#e


24/52

OBLICON Lecture Notes – Karichi E. Santos | UP Law B2012 Page 2; o

52a. I&'!ie" o%ecti#e 6the &ore "icu!t one$ go %ac to the case one 8nchausti v 8ulo7 inco&'ati%i!it)

%etween o!" an" new%. E*'ress o%ecti#e

2. Su%ecti#ea. Passi#e – su%stitution o the "e%tor

i/ Expromisionii/ Dele&acion

%. 9cti#e – su%rogation o the cre"itori. Con#entiona!

ii. Lega!Q#o!untar)

Se'arate %ar re#iew or UP Law to guarantee %ar 'assing rate. 4oo &an) e*tra curricu!ars "uring the our )ears. UPLaw gra"uates are e!itists. Wer) !itt!e in their %an accounts$ +stoc now!e"ge, which is what )ou wi!! turn to in case)ou "onAt now the e*act nu&%er. ;ou ne#er rea!iMe" the genera! 'rinci'!es o !aw.


25/52


52!iHerence bet3een assinment o cre!its an! conventional subroation i any: I the) are the sa&e$ the)are the sa&e %ut wou!" )ou %e correct. 4hereAs a "i?erence$ thatAs )our assign&ent-

Last 'aragra'h there. (ho is 'reerre"@ 4he 'artia! !ega! su%rogee$ the 'a)or$ the unior cre"itor or the thir" 'ersonintereste" or not intereste"@ I &a"e a 'artia! 'a)&ent acce'te" %) the cre"itor e.g. 'a)&ent %) insta!!&ent. Partia!'a)&ent %ut there is %a!ance$ 'artia!!) 'a)&ent on!). (i!! he %e 'reerre" o#er the o!" cre"itor$ the o!" 'artia! cre"itor6'artia!!) 'ai"7 wi!! sti!! %e 'reerre"$ &aintains 'reerence o#er the 'artia! !ega! su%rogee.

++C'4 " L+%&L 4U#,"%&'$"N – 9rt 10

"#J+C'$@+ N"@&'$"N – &ore "icu!t %ecause a!! the reGuisites shou!" %e 'resent es'ecia!!) or i&'!ie" o%ecti#eno#ation. Loo at the case o 8nchausti v 8ulo$ the court has to "eter&ine whether there is inco&'ati%i!it) %etween theo!" an" the new o%!igation. e&e&%er that no#ation is ne#er 'resu&e". So the 'resu&'tion is a!rea") against thee*istence o a no#ation.

;ou cannot re#i#e a "ea" &e&%er 6go!" &e&%er7. ;ou "onAt un"erstan" &e@Loo at ;nchausti$ thereAs a re"uction o the "e%t %ut on!) as to so!i"ar) co"e%tors. But !i%era! with res'ect to thenew one 6secon" 'ro&issor) note7 %ut actua!!)$ there was no intention on 'art o ;nchausti to no#ate %ecause he on!)wante" to a#or three o the "e%tors. ;nchausti 'ro%a%!) "oes not !ie regorio thatAs wh) he Meroe" in on hi&.Li#erai"e !ega! ai"@ 3uh@

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