Objectives: • To understand the difference between a solvent and solute • To understand the process of dissolution • To understand how polar and nonpoloar substances dissolve • To understand Molarity in terms of solution concentration • To understand how to calculate Molarity given moles, volume or molarity (M) Unit: Solutions Topic: Molarity
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Objectives: To understand the difference between a solvent and solute
Unit: Solutions Topic: Molarity. Objectives: To understand the difference between a solvent and solute To understand the process of dissolution To understand how polar and nonpoloar substances dissolve To understand Molarity in terms of solution concentration - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Objectives:• To understand the difference between a solvent
and solute• To understand the process of dissolution• To understand how polar and nonpoloar
substances dissolve• To understand Molarity in terms of solution
concentration• To understand how to calculate Molarity given
moles, volume or molarity (M)
Unit: SolutionsTopic: Molarity
Solutions
• Most of the important chemistry that keeps plants animals and humans alive takes place in aqueous solutions
• Even water that comes our of your faucet is a solution because it has dissolved minerals in it
• If you recall, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which the components are uniformly intermingled
• Salt water is homogeneous mixture in which the first sip will be the same as the last sip
Solutions
• Solutions are not just made of liquids
• Solutions can be solids and gases as well
• Consider brass, brass is a solution made up of copper and zinc
• A gaseous solution would be air
• Air is made up of mostly nitrogen(80%) and oxygen (20%)
What is a Solution?
• a ______ mixture of ___or more substances (usually liquid)
• Ex: "he used a solution of sugar and water"
Answer BankLargest
concentrationdissolve(s)
HomogeneousLesserPolar
HigherSurfaceCrystal
TemperatureTwo
Solutions
• The substance present in the largest amount is called the solvent (usually water)
• The other substance in lesser amounts is called the solute
What is the difference between a solvent and a solute?
• The substance present in the _____amount is called the solvent (usually water)
• The other substance in ____amounts is called the solute
Answer BankLargest
concentrationdissolve(s)
HomogeneousLesserPolar
HigherSurfaceCrystal
TemperatureTwo
Practice:Complete the table by identifying the solvent and solute for each solution:
In the solution below, determine Solvent Solute
Coffee solution made up of 98.75% water and the rest consists1.25% of other chemicals
Cola is a solution made up of about 11 % sugar and roughly 88% water
Vinegar is a solution made up of 3.5 % acetic acid and 96.5% water.
Water Polarity• Remember, a water
molecule has a negative and positive dipole or charge to it
• The oxygen atom gives it a slight negative charge while the two hydrogen atoms give it a slight positive charge
• These strong charges rip and remove sodium and chlorine atoms individually
+-
+
When a compound such as salt dissolves in water we call this solvation
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• Let’s see what happens when salt dissolves in water……