OBJECTIVES OF BASIC ENTOMOLOGY At the end of this section students should be able to: 1) Understand that due to the great diversity of insects, and their genetic flexibility, here will always be species causing damage to forests and forest products. 2) Know the major taxonomic divisions including phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. 3) Know the characteristics of the phylum Arthropoda and the differences between the Chelicerata and Mandibulata. 4) Describe the specialized features of the class Insecta. 5) Describe the generalized parts of the chewing mouthparts and be familiar with the more specialized mouthpart types found throughout the class Insecta. 6) Describe the internal morphology of insects particularly the features of the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, reproductive and nervous systems. 7) Describe the various types of metamorphosis and give examples of insect groups that have those types of development. 8) Define the terms instar, stadium, and generation in terms of insects. 9) Know the common and order names of the insect groups discussed in class and in the textbook.
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OBJECTIVES OF BASIC ENTOMOLOGY At the end of this section students should be able to:
OBJECTIVES OF BASIC ENTOMOLOGY At the end of this section students should be able to: 1) Understand that due to the great diversity of insects, and their genetic flexibility, here will always be species causing damage to forests and forest products. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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OBJECTIVES OF BASIC ENTOMOLOGYAt the end of this section students should be able to:
1) Understand that due to the great diversity of insects, and their genetic flexibility, here will always be species causing damage to forests and forest products.2) Know the major taxonomic divisions including phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.3) Know the characteristics of the phylum Arthropoda and the differences between the Chelicerata and Mandibulata.4) Describe the specialized features of the class Insecta.5) Describe the generalized parts of the chewing mouthparts and be familiar with the more specialized mouthpart types found throughout the class Insecta.6) Describe the internal morphology of insects particularly the features of the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, reproductive and nervous systems.7) Describe the various types of metamorphosis and give examples of insect groups that have those types of development.8) Define the terms instar, stadium, and generation in terms of insects.9) Know the common and order names of the insect groups discussed in class and in the textbook.
INSECTA
Is a Taxonomic CLASS in the Phylum
ARTHROPODA
Basic Entomology
The Taxonomic Hierarchy is:
Kingdom ----- Animal
Phylum ----- Arthropoda
Class ----- Insecta
Order ----- Coleoptera
FamilyGenus
Species
All Arthropods Have SeveralCommon Structural Characteristics:
1)A chitinous exoskeleton
The suit of armor ofthis knight is somewhatanalogous to the insectexoskeleton
All arthropods have:
2) Bilateral Symmetry
All arthropods have:
3) Jointed Appendages
All arthropods have:4) Segmented Bodies
All arthropods also have:
•A tubular digestive tract
•A dorsal tubular circulatory system
•A ventral nervous system
The Phylum Arthropoda Includes:
Chelicerata= mouthparts outside the head
Mandibulata= mouthparts inside the head
Chelicerata include some membersimportant to foresters, including
Scorpions, spiders, and ticks.
Class Arachnida
Characteristics of Chelicerata include:
•All those of general arthropods
and
•2 body regions•No antennae•4 pair of walking legs
Mandibulata include:
Lobsters – Class Crustacea
Centipedes – Class Chilopoda
Millipedes – Class Diplopoda
Mandibulata also include:The Class Insecta:
Insects within the Class Insectahave all the characteristicsof Arthropods
and
•3 body regions
Head Thorax Abdomen
Insects also have:
•3 pairs of legs(not two in spite of what youmay see in some movies)
•1 pair of antennae
The other Classes (Dipoloda, Chilopda) of Arthropods do not have these last three characteristics.
So, spiders are arthropods because they have:
1) Segmented bodies
2) Jointed appendages
3) Bilateral symmetry
4) A chitinous exoskeleton
But spiders are not insects because they have:
1) Only two body regions (not three)
2) 4 pairs of legs (not 3)
3) No antennae
Knowing what you now know about Arthropods; What iswrong withthis cartoon?
Characteristics of exoskeleton and endoskeleton. Exoskeleton provides: 1) SupportLarge churches such as they have at the Air Force Academy have an external supporting structure, or exoskeletonwhich allows for large open spaces.
Exoskeleton provides: 2) Muscle attachment
Insect muscles are attached to the interior of the exoskeleton
Exoskeleton provides:3) Body covering & good protection
Exoskeleton provides:4) Water conservation.
Like the cactus, insects must conserve water
Exoskeleton provides:5) Growth restrictions, which is a problem.
Cicada Nymph
just before molting
Exoskeleton provides:
6) Good mechanical advantage
For Example: A common ordinary flea can jump about 8 inches high.A comparable featfor a human wouldbe a leap of 800 feet.
All Insecta have 3 body regions which are called Tagma
Tagma are groups of segments that function together to perform a general task.
•Head = perception, food intake
•Thorax = locomotion, food processing
•Abdomen = reproduction, excretion
Structures on the Head include:
1) Antenna
2) Eyes
3) Mouthparts
1)Antenna
• These are the odor receptors of insects
• They come in a variety of forms and shapes
• They are used by entomologists ininsect identification
Filiform Antennae, crickets et al.
Lamellate Antenna – May or June Beetles
Feathery Antennae: moths, butterflies
Aristate Antennae of TseTse Fly
Genulate or “elbowed” Antenna: Ants
The Velvet Ant is not an ant! Note the antennae.
It is a wasp and also called a Cow Killer.
Plumose antennae of Male Mosquitoes
2) Eyes
• Compound Eyes
• Simple eyes called Ocelli
Compound eyes are composed of many individual eye units called Ommatidia
Compound eyes
Simple eyes - composed of 1 unit, often arranged in the shape of a triangle on adult insects
Larval insects, like caterpillars, do not have compound eyes.
But they may have numerous Ocelli with which they see reasonably well.
3)Mouthparts: Insects have much variation in mouthparts, depending upon food habits and include: