Objectives Discuss the developments that led to the Reformation. Discuss the developments that led to the Reformation. Describe how Martin Luther protested.

ObjectivesObjectives

Discuss the developments that Discuss the developments that led to the Reformation.led to the Reformation.

Describe how Martin Luther Describe how Martin Luther protested against the Roman protested against the Roman Catholic Church and began a new Catholic Church and began a new church.church.

Identify the factors that caused Identify the factors that caused the spread of Protestantism.the spread of Protestantism.

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe how the Catholic Church Describe how the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation.responded to the Reformation.

Discuss the results of the Discuss the results of the Reformation and the Counter – Reformation and the Counter – Reformation.Reformation.

Chapter 15 Section 3 & 4 Chapter 15 Section 3 & 4 TermsTermsReformationReformation

IndulgencesIndulgences

Martin LutherMartin Luther

Henry VIIIHenry VIII

John CalvinJohn Calvin

Counter-ReformationCounter-Reformation

Council of TrentCouncil of Trent

The Protestant The Protestant ReformationReformation

Christian churches break away from Christian churches break away from the Roman Catholic Church. New the Roman Catholic Church. New Christian churches are formed.Christian churches are formed.

Took place in what is now Germany.Took place in what is now Germany. Germany was not a unified nation Germany was not a unified nation

yet. It was made up of about 300 yet. It was made up of about 300 independent states. independent states.

The weak rulers could not control The weak rulers could not control independent ideas about religion or independent ideas about religion or abuses of power by the popes.abuses of power by the popes.

Martin LutherMartin Luther Martin Luther developed Martin Luther developed

beliefs that later became beliefs that later became known as known as Lutheranism.Lutheranism.

1517, Luther publicly 1517, Luther publicly criticized the selling of criticized the selling of indulgences by the Pope and indulgences by the Pope and Johann Tetzel (a fellow monk). Johann Tetzel (a fellow monk).

Indulgences: Pay $ to be Indulgences: Pay $ to be forgiven of sins.forgiven of sins.

Luther posted his 95 theses Luther posted his 95 theses (or statements) about (or statements) about indulgences on a church door.indulgences on a church door.

Because Luther had Because Luther had challenged church practices challenged church practices he was denounced by church he was denounced by church leaders.leaders.

By 1520 Luther openly By 1520 Luther openly disagreed with many other disagreed with many other church doctrines.church doctrines.

Martin Luther’s Break Martin Luther’s Break with the Churchwith the Church

1521 Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic, 1521 Pope Leo X declared Luther a heretic, and excommunicated him. and excommunicated him.

The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V The Holy Roman Emperor Charles V summoned Luther to the city of Worms and summoned Luther to the city of Worms and commanded him to abandon his ideas. commanded him to abandon his ideas. (Imperial Diet of Worms)(Imperial Diet of Worms)

Luther refused and was banned from Luther refused and was banned from printing his work.printing his work.

Frederick the Wise, the elector of Saxony Frederick the Wise, the elector of Saxony helped protect Luther after the Diet of helped protect Luther after the Diet of Worms.Worms.

With the support of Frederick, With the support of Frederick, Luther Luther translated the Bible into German.translated the Bible into German.

The Spread of The Spread of ProtestantismProtestantism

Many German rulers Many German rulers established the Lutheran established the Lutheran Church within their Church within their states.states.

Charles V tired to stop Charles V tired to stop the spread of the spread of Protestantism.Protestantism.

1546 Charles V sent 1546 Charles V sent armies against the armies against the Protestant German rulers.Protestant German rulers.

1555 the Peace of 1555 the Peace of Augsburg stated German Augsburg stated German rulers had right to choose rulers had right to choose the religion for their the religion for their state.state.

Almost all the German Almost all the German states chose the Lutheran states chose the Lutheran Church.Church.

The Church of EnglandThe Church of England England’s break from England’s break from

the Roman Catholic the Roman Catholic Church was political.Church was political.

Henry VIII wanted a Henry VIII wanted a divorce from his wife divorce from his wife Catherine of Aragon. Catherine of Aragon.

Pope Clement VII Pope Clement VII refused to grant the refused to grant the divorce.divorce.

Henry VIII started his Henry VIII started his own church, the own church, the Church of England Church of England (the Anglican Church)(the Anglican Church)

CalvinismCalvinism In the 1530s John In the 1530s John

Calvin founded a Calvin founded a Protestant church Protestant church in Switzerland.in Switzerland.

1536 he published 1536 he published his beliefs in “The his beliefs in “The Institutes of the Institutes of the Christian Religion”.Christian Religion”.

By the 1600s By the 1600s Calvinist churches Calvinist churches were well were well established in established in many parts of many parts of Europe. Europe.

Does yours look like this?Does yours look like this?Goal Methods Used

Revive Spirituality 1. Ended abuses surrounding sale of indulgences.

2. Tightened discipline within clergy.

Combat Heresy 1. Brought the inquisition to Rome.2. Established Index of Forbidden Books.

Define Catholic Doctrine

1. Supported dependence on priests.2. Salvation through ceremonial actions and

individual faith.3. Notion of free will in every person.

Slow the Spread of Protestantism

1. Better educated priests worked more forcefully for the church.

2. Old and new religious orders such as Jesuits spread Catholicism.

Counter–ReformationCounter–Reformation 1530s the Catholic Church 1530s the Catholic Church

began a major reform effort, began a major reform effort, called the Counter–Reformation called the Counter–Reformation (or Catholic Reformation)(or Catholic Reformation)

Goals of the Counter - Goals of the Counter - ReformationReformation– Return the church’s emphasis to Return the church’s emphasis to

spiritual matters.spiritual matters.– Make its doctrines more clear.Make its doctrines more clear.– Campaign to stop the spread of Campaign to stop the spread of

Protestantism. Protestantism.

Counter–Reformation Counter–Reformation tacticstactics

Pope Paul III Pope Paul III appointed devout and appointed devout and learned men as learned men as bishops and cardinals. bishops and cardinals.

Brought the Brought the Inquisition to Rome.Inquisition to Rome.

Did not use Did not use Inquisitions to punish Inquisitions to punish ProtestantsProtestants

Goal was to keep Goal was to keep Catholics within the Catholics within the church church

Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV established the established the Index Index of Forbidden Books.of Forbidden Books.

The Council of TrentThe Council of Trent 1545, Pope Paul III 1545, Pope Paul III

called a meeting of called a meeting of church leaders to the church leaders to the city of Trent.city of Trent.

The Council of Trent The Council of Trent met 3 times between met 3 times between 1545 and 15631545 and 1563

Defined the official Defined the official church position on church position on matters of doctrine.matters of doctrine.

Ended the sale of Ended the sale of indulgences.indulgences.

Tightened discipline Tightened discipline within the clergy.within the clergy.

Supported beliefs Supported beliefs that Protestants had that Protestants had rejected.rejected.

JesuitsJesuits Jesuits: the Society of Jesuits: the Society of

JesusJesus.. Founded by Ignatius de Founded by Ignatius de

Loyola in 1534.Loyola in 1534. 1540, Pope Paul III 1540, Pope Paul III

recognized the Jesuits as recognized the Jesuits as an official order of the an official order of the Catholic Church.Catholic Church.

Followers took vows of Followers took vows of chastity, poverty, and chastity, poverty, and obedience to the pope.obedience to the pope.

Organized like a military Organized like a military group.group.

Became the most Became the most effective group at effective group at spreading Catholicism.spreading Catholicism.

Stressed education, and Stressed education, and founded some of the best founded some of the best colleges in Europe. colleges in Europe.

Results of the Religious Results of the Religious UpheavalUpheaval Appearance of Appearance of

many different many different churches in Europe.churches in Europe.

A strong interest in A strong interest in education.education.

Reading became Reading became increasingly increasingly important.important.

Increase in the Increase in the power of national power of national governments.governments.

Decrease in the Decrease in the power of the pope.power of the pope.

ReviewReview

How did the Catholic Church How did the Catholic Church respond to the Reformation?respond to the Reformation?

What were the results of the What were the results of the Reformation and the Counter – Reformation and the Counter – Reformation?Reformation?