Objectives • Define a mineral • Characterize how minerals are identified • What are the different types of metals, non-metals, ores, and gems Vocabular y mineral crystal Silicates Hardness Streak Cleavage Gem Ore Luster Hardness Streak Cleavage Gem Ore
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Objectives Define a mineral Characterize how minerals are identified What are the different types of metals, non- metals, ores, and gems Vocabulary mineral.
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Objectives• Define a mineral
• Characterize how minerals are identified
• What are the different types of metals, non-metals, ores, and gems
Special Properties• Special properties of minerals also can be used
for identification purposes.
Identifying Minerals
– A type of calcite called Iceland spar causes light to be bent in two directions, a process known as double refraction, when it passes through the mineral.
– Calcite (CaCO3) fizzes when it comes into contact with hydrochloric acid (HCl).
– Magnetite, an iron ore, is naturally magnetic.
– The mineral sphalerite produces a distinctive rotten-egg odor when it is rubbed vigorously across a streak plate.
– An ore is a mineral that contains a useful substance that can be mined at a profit.
- If the cost of separating waste material from ore becomes higher than the value of the ore itself, then the mineral is no longer considered to be an ore.
– The classification of a mineral as an ore may also change if the supply of or demand for that mineral changes.
Gems• Gems are valuable minerals that are prized for
their rarity and beauty.
Identifying Minerals
• Gems such as rubies, emeralds, and diamonds are cut, polished, and used for jewelry.
• In some cases, the presence of trace elements can make one variety of a mineral more colorful and thus more prized than other varieties of the same mineral.