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Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors that affect how rocks melt and crystallize. – igneous rock – lava – extrusive – intrusive Vocabulary partial melting – fractional crystallization Bowen’s reaction series
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Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Dec 10, 2015

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Page 1: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Objectives• Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive

igneous rocks.

What are igneous rocks?

• Describe the composition of magma.

• Discuss the factors that affect how rocks melt and crystallize.

– igneous rock

– lava

– extrusive

– intrusive

Vocabulary– partial melting

– fractional crystallization

– Bowen’s reaction series

Page 2: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Lava is magma that flows out onto Earth’s surface.

What are igneous rocks?

Igneous rocks are rocks that are formed from the crystallization of magma.

What are igneous rocks?

Page 3: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Types of Igneous Rocks

Extrusive igneous rocks are fine-grained igneous rocks that cool quickly on Earth’s surface.

What are igneous rocks?

Intrusive igneous rocks are coarse-grained igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth’s surface.

• Granite is the most common intrusive igneous rock.

Page 4: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Types of Igneous Rocks• Careful study of granite rock formations revealed

that they cut across other rock formations.

What are igneous rocks?

• These cross-cutting relationships are evidence that the granite was intruded, or forced into, existing rocks.

Magma cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface and forms course-grained igneous rocks such as granite.

Page 5: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Composition of Magma• Magma is often a slushy mix of molten rock,

gases, and mineral crystals.

What are igneous rocks?

• The elements found in magma are the same major elements found in Earth’s crust: oxygen (O), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and sodium (Na).

Page 6: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Composition of Magma• Magmas are classified as

basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic, based on the amount of SiO2 they contain.

What are igneous rocks?

• Of all the compounds found in magma, silica (SiO2) is the most abundant and has the greatest effect on magma characteristics.

• Silica content affects melting temperature and also impacts how quickly magma flows.

Page 7: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Origins of Magma• In the laboratory, most rocks must be heated

to temperatures of 800°C to 1200°C before they melt.

What are igneous rocks?

• These temperatures are found in the upper mantle and lower crust.

• Scientists theorize that the remaining energy from Earth’s molten formation and the heat generated from the decay of radioactive elements are the sources of Earth’s thermal energy.

Page 8: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Origins of Magma

Factors That Affect Magma Formation

What are igneous rocks?

– The main factors involved in the formation of magma are temperature, pressure, water content, and mineral composition.

– Temperature generally increases with depth in Earth’s crust, a phenomenon known as the geothermal gradient.

Page 9: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Origins of Magma

Factors That Affect Magma Formation

What are igneous rocks?

– Pressure increases with depth as a result of the weight of overlying rock.

– As pressure on a rock increases, its melting point increases.

– Rocks and minerals often contain small percentages of water.

– As water content increases, the melting point decreases.

Page 10: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Origins of Magma

Factors That Affect Magma Formation

What are igneous rocks?

– Mineral content also impacts how magma is formed as different minerals have different melting points.

– In general, oceanic crust is rich in iron and magnesium and therefore melts at higher temperatures than continental crust, which contains higher levels of silicon and aluminum.

– For rocks to melt, the right combination of temperature, pressure, and composition must be present.

Page 11: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Origins of Magma

Factors That Affect Magma Formation

What are igneous rocks?

– Granite’s higher water content and mineral composition cause it to melt at a lower temperature than basalt.

Page 12: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

How Rocks Melt

Partial Melting

What are igneous rocks?

– Because different minerals have different melting points, not all parts of a rock melt at the same time.

– Partial melting is the process whereby some minerals melt at low temperatures while other minerals remain solid.

Page 13: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

How Rocks Melt

Partial Melting

What are igneous rocks?

– If temperatures are not great enough to melt the entire rock, the resulting magma will have a different chemistry from that of the original rock.

– This is one way in which different types of igneous rocks form.

Page 14: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

How Rocks Melt

Fractional Crystallization

What are igneous rocks?

– When magma cools, it crystallizes in the reverse order of partial melting—the first minerals to crystallize from magma are the last minerals to melt during partial melting.

– Fractional crystallization is the process wherein different minerals form at different temperatures.

Page 15: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Bowen’s reaction series illustrates the relationship between cooling magma and mineral formation.

What are igneous rocks?

• Bowen discovered two main patterns, or branches, of crystallization.

– The first pattern is characterized by a continuous, gradual change of mineral compositions in the feldspar group.

– The second pattern is characterized by an abrupt change of mineral type in the iron-magnesium groups.

Page 16: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Bowen’s Reaction Series

What are igneous rocks?

Page 17: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Feldspars

What are igneous rocks?

– In Bowen’s reaction series, the right branch represents the feldspar minerals, which undergo a continuous change of composition.

– As magma cools, the first feldspars to form are rich in calcium.

– As cooling continues, their calcium-rich compositions change to sodium-rich compositions.

Page 18: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Feldspars

What are igneous rocks?

– In some instances, as when magma cools rapidly, the calcium-rich cores are unable to react completely with the magma.

– The result is a zoned crystal that has sodium-rich outer layers and calcium-rich cores.

Page 19: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Iron-Rich Minerals

What are igneous rocks?

– The left branch of Bowen’s reaction series represents the iron-rich minerals.

– These minerals undergo abrupt changes during fractional crystallization.

Page 20: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Iron-Rich Minerals

What are igneous rocks?

– As minerals form in the order shown in Bowen’s reaction series, elements are removed from the magma.

– Silica and oxygen are left over at the end of the reaction series.

– When the remaining melt, enriched with silica and oxygen, finally crystallizes, quartz is formed.

Page 21: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

– Geologists hypothesize that under certain conditions, newly formed crystals can be separated from magma.

– This stops the chemical reactions between the magma and the minerals.

– Crystal separation can occur when crystals settle to the bottom of the magma body, and when liquid magma is squeezed from the crystal mush to form two distinct igneous bodies with different compositions.

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Crystal Separation

What are igneous rocks?

Page 22: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

– In some magma bodies, the minerals form into distinct bands in the order shown in Bowen’s reaction series resulting in a layered intrusion.

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Layered Intrusions

What are igneous rocks?

– Geologists are uncertain how these layers form.

Page 23: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

– Layered igneous intrusions can be valuable sources of rare metals.

Bowen’s Reaction Series

Layered Intrusions

What are igneous rocks?

– Some have very high concentrations of elements such as platinum, chromium, nickel, or gold.

Page 24: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Section Assessment

1. Match the following terms with their definitions.

___ extrusive

___ intrusive

___ lava

___ fractional crystallization

What are igneous rocks?

A. coarse-grained igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth’s surface

B. magma that flows out onto Earth’s surface

C. fine-grained igneous rocks that cool quickly on Earth’s surface

D. the process wherein different minerals form at different temperatures

Page 25: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Section Assessment

2. Describe partial melting.

What are igneous rocks?

Page 26: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

________ In Bowen’s reaction series feldspars undergo abrupt changes.

________ The melting point of basalt is higher than granite.

________ Increased pressure decreases the melting point of rock.

________ Quartz is the last mineral to crystallize.

Section Assessment

3. Identify whether the following statements are true or false.

What are igneous rocks?

Page 27: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.
Page 28: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Objectives• Classify different types and textures of igneous rocks.

Classifying Igneous Rocks

• Recognize the effects of cooling rates on the grain sizes of igneous rocks.

• Describe some uses of igneous rocks.

– felsic

– mafic

– ultramafic

– porphyritic

Vocabulary– pegmatite

– kimberlite

Page 29: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Classifying Igneous Rocks• Igneous rocks are broadly classified as intrusive

or extrusive.

Classifying Igneous Rocks

• Igneous rocks are further classified by their mineral compositions.

• Physical properties such as grain size and texture serve as clues for the identification of various igneous rocks.

Page 30: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Mineral Composition• The three main groups of igneous rocks—felsic,

mafic, and intermediate—are classified according to their mineral compositions.

Classifying Igneous Rocks

– Felsic rocks, such as granite, are light-colored and have high silica contents.

– Mafic rocks, such as gabbro, are dark-colored, have lower silica contents, and are rich in iron and magnesium.

– Intermediate rocks, such as diorite, have some characteristics of both felsic and mafic rocks.

Page 31: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Mineral Composition

Classifying Igneous Rocks

Page 32: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Mineral Composition

Ultramafic Rocks

Classifying Igneous Rocks

– Ultramafic rocks are unusual in that they have low silica contents and very high levels of iron and magnesium.

– Some scientists theorize ultramafic rocks are formed by the fractional crystallization of olivine and pyroxene.

– Another hypothesis is that ultramafic rocks represent pieces of the upper mantle that have been brought close to Earth’s surface.

Page 33: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Grain Size• In addition to differences in their mineral

compositions, igneous rocks differ in the sizes of their grains.

Classifying Igneous Rocks

Cooling Rates

– When lava flows on Earth’s surface, it cools quickly and there is not enough time for large crystals to form.

– Extrusive igneous rocks have no visible mineral grains.

– When magma cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface, there is sufficient time for large crystals to form.

– Intrusive igneous rocks may have crystals larger than 1 cm.

Page 34: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Texture• Often, it’s easier to observe the sizes of mineral

grains than it is to observe their shapes.

Classifying Igneous Rocks

• Many mineral grains have interlocking edges.

• As the grains crystallize from magma, they grow together and form irregular edges.

• During fractional crystallization, the minerals that form early in the process float in a liquid and have space in which to grow distinct crystal shapes.

Page 35: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Texture

Porphyritic Texture

Classifying Igneous Rocks

– A rock that has a porphyritic texture is characterized by large, well-formed crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals of the same mineral or different minerals.

– Porphyritic textures indicate a complex cooling history wherein a slowly cooling magma suddenly began cooling rapidly.

Page 36: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Igneous Rocks as Resources• Igneous rocks have several characteristics that

make them especially useful as building materials.

Classifying Igneous Rocks

– The interlocking grain textures of igneous rocks help to give them strength.

– Many of the minerals found in igneous rocks are resistant to weathering.

Page 37: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Ore Deposits• Ores are minerals that contain a useful substance

that can be mined at a profit.

Classifying Igneous Rocks

• Valuable ore deposits are often associated with igneous intrusions.

• These deposits sometimes occur as veins.

Page 38: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Ore Deposits

Veins

Classifying Igneous Rocks

– Some important metallic elements that are not included in common minerals are gold, silver, lead, and copper.

– These elements, along with the dissolved silica, are released at the end of magma crystallization in a hot, mineral-rich fluid that fills cracks and voids in the surrounding rock.

– This fluid solidifies to form metal-rich quartz veins, such as the gold-bearing veins.

Page 39: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Ore Deposits

Pegmatites

Classifying Igneous Rocks

– Vein deposits may contain other valuable resources in addition to metals.

– Pegmatites are veins of extremely large-grained minerals.

– Ores of rare elements, such as lithium and beryllium, are found in pegmatites.

– Because these veins fill cavities and fractures in rock, minerals grow into voids and retain their shapes.

Page 40: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Ore Deposits

Kimberlites

Classifying Igneous Rocks

– Diamond is a valuable mineral found in rare, ultramafic rocks known as kimberlites.

– Kimberlites are a variety of peridotite and likely form deep in the crust at depths of 150 to 300 km or in the mantle.

– Minerals found in kimberlites can form only under very high pressures.

– Geologists hypothesize that kimberlite magma is intruded rapidly upwards towards Earth’s surface, where it forms long, narrow, pipelike structures.

Page 41: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Section Assessment

1. Match the following terms with their definitions.

___ felsic

___ mafic

___ ultramafic

___ porphyritic

Classifying Igneous Rocks

A. igneous rocks that have low silica content and very high levels of iron and magnesium

B. igneous rocks that are light-colored, have high silica contents, and contain quartz and feldspars

C. texture characterized by well-formed crystals surrounded by finer-grained crystals

D. igneous rocks that are dark-colored, have lower silica contents, and are rich in iron and magnesium

Page 42: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Section Assessment

Classifying Igneous Rocks

2. What characteristic would indicate that kimberlites are formed deep within the crust or in the mantle?

Page 43: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Section Assessment

3. Why are some of the world’s most beautiful crystals found in pegmatites?

Classifying Igneous Rocks

Page 44: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.
Page 45: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Section 5.1 Main Ideas• Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and

crystallization of magma. Intrusive rocks form inside Earth’s crust, and extrusive rocks form on Earth’s surface. Extrusive rocks, which cool more rapidly than intrusive rocks, are generally more fine grained.

• Magma is a slushy mix of molten rock, gases, and mineral crystals. The elements found in magma are the same major elements found in Earth’s crust: oxygen (O), silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and sodium (Na).

Section 5.1 Study Guide

Page 46: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Section 5.1 Main Ideas• Silica (SiO2) is the most abundant compound in magma.

Magmas are classified as basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic, based on the amount of SiO2 they contain.

• Different minerals melt and crystallize at different temperatures in the processes of partial melting and fractional crystallization. Minerals crystallize from magma in a sequential pattern known as Bowen’s reaction series.

Section 5.1 Study Guide

Page 47: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Section 5.2 Main Ideas• Igneous rocks are classified as felsic, mafic, intermediate,

and ultramafic, depending upon their mineral compositions. Felsic rocks such as granite are light-colored, have high silica contents, and contain quartz and feldspars. Mafic rocks such as gabbro are dark-colored, have lower silica contents, and are rich in iron and magnesium. Intermediate rocks have moderate silica levels. Ultramafic rocks have low silica contents and very high levels of iron and magnesium. Igneous groups can be further identified by crystal size and texture.

• Early forming minerals may have well-shaped crystals, while later-forming minerals have irregular shapes. Porphyritic textures contain both large and small crystals.

Section 5.2 Study Guide

Page 48: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Section 5.2 Main Ideas• Igneous rocks such as granite are often used as building

materials because of their strength, durability, and beauty.

• Valuable ore deposits and gems are often associated with igneous intrusions. Ores of rare elements such as lithium and beryllium are found in veins of extremely large-grained minerals called pegmatites. Diamonds are found in rare types of igneous intrusions known as kimberlites.

Section 5.2 Study Guide

Page 49: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

1. The process wherein different minerals form at different temperatures is called ____.

a. partial melting

b. Bowen’s reaction series

c. fractional crystallization

d. crystal separation

Multiple Choice

Chapter Assessment

Partial melting is when some minerals melt at low temperatures while others remain solid. Bowen’s reaction series describes in what order minerals form. Crystal separation is a hypothesis that answers questions about Bowen’s reaction series.

Page 50: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

2. Andesitic magma’s SiO2 concentration is ____.

a. 30 percent c. 60 percent

b. 45 percent d. 70 percent

Basaltic magma has an SiO2 concentration of 50 percent. Rhyolitic magma has an SiO2 concentration of 70 percent.

Multiple Choice

Chapter Assessment

Page 51: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Multiple Choice

3. What minerals are associated with the left branch of Bowen’s reaction series?

a. iron-magnesium c. intrusive

b. feldspars d. felsic

Chapter Assessment

Feldspars are represented on the right branch of Bowen’s reaction series. Intrusive describes igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth’s surface. Felsic rocks are one classification of igneous rocks.

Page 52: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Multiple Choice

4. What is the texture of ultramafic rocks?

a. glassy c. coarse-grained

b. fine-grained d. very coarse-grained

Chapter Assessment

Ultramafic rocks include peridotite and dunite which both have a coarse grain.

Page 53: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Multiple Choice

5. Extrusive igneous rocks generally have small mineral grains because ____.

a. they cool slowly.

b. the minerals in extrusive rocks do not form crystals under any condition.

c. they cool quickly.

d. there is too much water in the magma.

Chapter Assessment

By quickly cooling, the minerals in extrusive igneous rocks do not have enough time to form large crystals.

Page 54: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Short Answer

6. What characteristics make igneous rocks useful as building materials?

Chapter Assessment

Page 55: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Short Answer

7. What causes a porphyritic texture to form in certain rocks?

Chapter Assessment

Page 56: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

True or False

8. Identify whether the following statements are true or false.

______ Diamonds are found in kimberlites.

______ Fe-Mg minerals undergo a continuous change

according to Bowen’s reaction series.

______ Silica is the most common compound in magma.

______ A rock that melts at 1000ºC on the surface of Earth may not melt until 1200ºC at a depth of 100 km.

______ Fractional crystallization occurs in the reverse

order of partial melting.

Chapter Assessment

Page 57: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Image Bank

Chapter 5 Images

Page 58: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Image Bank

Chapter 5 Images

Page 59: Objectives Compare and contrast intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks. What are igneous rocks? Describe the composition of magma. Discuss the factors.

Image Bank

Chapter 5 Images