Objectives 30.2 Nutrition - Explain how food provides energy. - Identify the essential nutrients your body needs and tell how each is important to the.

Objectives 30.2Nutrition

- Explain how food provides energy.- Identify the essential nutrients your body needs and tell how each is important to the body. - Explain how to plan a balanced diet.

VocabularyWord Definition

Calorie Measure of heat energy in food: equivalent to 1000 calories

Carbohydrate Compound made of C, H, O atoms, major source of energy

fat Lipid, made of fatty acids and glycerol: nutrient protects body organs, stores energy

Protein Macromolecule that contains C, H, O, N: needed for growth, repair , homeostasis, and metabolism

Vitamin Organic molecule that helps regulate body processes, important for homeostasis

Mineral Inorganic nutrient body needs, usually small amounts

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

Energy

The energy stored in food molecules is released during cellular respiration and used to produce the ATP molecules that power cellular activities. The unit used to measure the amount of energy stored in food is a calorie. A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

• Each cell gets energy (ATP) from the nutrients (preferably carbohydrates) they eat in food (cellular respiration), to cash in the energy a phosphate is removed.

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

Lesson Overview Food and NutritionNutrientsNutrients are substances in food that supply the energy and raw materials your body uses for growth, repair, and maintenance.

These molecules are made up of C,H,O,N,P,SRemember macromolecules from chp 2.3

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

Water

The most important nutrient is water. Many of the body’s processes, including chemical reactions, take place in water.Remember: pH, solutions from chp 2.2

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

Carbohydrates

Simple and complex carbohydrates are a major source of energy for the body.

The sugars found in fruits, honey, and sugar cane are simple carbohydrates, or monosaccharides and disaccharides.

The starches found in grains, potatoes, and vegetables are complex carbohydrates, or polysaccharides.

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

Fats

Fats, or lipids, are an important part of a healthy diet when consumed in moderation. Fats help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins and are part of cell membranes, parts of nerve cells and certain hormones. Deposits of fat protect body organs and insulate the body.

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

Fats

If each carbon atom in a lipid’s fatty acid chains is joined to another carbon atom by a single bond, the lipid is said to be saturated. Lipids that contain saturated fatty acids are solid at room temperature.

If double or triple bonds are present, creating what appears to be kinks in the chain, the lipid is said to be unsaturated. Lipids that contain unsaturated fatty acids, such as olive oil, tend to be liquid at room temperature.

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

Proteins

Proteins supply raw materials for growth and repair of structures such as skin and muscle. Made up of amino acids Many enzymes are made of proteins. Proteins also have regulatory and transport functions.

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

Vitamins Organic molecules that the body needs in very small amounts are called vitamins. Most vitamins are needed by the body to help perform important chemical reactions. Most vitamins must be obtained from food. However, the bacteria that live in the large intestine can synthesize vitamin K and vitamin B12.

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

Vitamins

There are two types of vitamins: fat-soluble and water-soluble. The fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K can be stored in the fatty tissues of the body. The body can build up small deposits of these vitamins for future use.

The water-soluble vitamins, which include vitamin C and the B vitamins, dissolve in water and cannot be stored in the body.

Lesson Overview Food and Nutrition

Minerals

Inorganic nutrients that the body needs, usually in small amounts, are called minerals. A constant supply of minerals in the diet is needed to replace those lost in sweat, urine, and digestive wastes.