Objective: You will be able to trace the flow of blood through the heart. Do Now: • Read all of p. 945 • What is the function of the valves in the heart?
Jan 21, 2016
Objective: You will be able to trace the flow of blood through the heart.
Do Now:• Read all of p. 945
• What is the function of the valves in the heart?
Transport
• Transport involves absorbing substances in the blood and circulating it through the body
• Materials that the blood carries includes dissolved and suspended materials
Blood• Connects the intercellular fluid to the organs
that exchange nutrients, gasses and wastes
Figure 42.4 Vertebrate Circulatory Systems
FISHES AMPHIBIANS REPTILES (EXCEPT BIRDS) MAMMALS AND BIRDS
Systemic capillaries Systemic capillaries Systemic capillaries Systemic capillaries
Lung capillaries Lung capillariesLung and skin capillariesGill capillaries
Right Left Right Left Right Left Systemic
circuitSystemic
circuit
Pulmocutaneouscircuit
Pulmonarycircuit
Pulmonarycircuit
SystemiccirculationVein
Atrium (A)
Heart:ventricle (V)
Artery Gillcirculation
A
V VV VV
A A A AALeft Systemicaorta
Right systemicaorta
Heart
• The two atria receive blood returning to the heart– They are thin walled
• The ventricles pump blood out of the heart– They have very thick walls
The Heart• It is a pump that sends blood throughout
the body• It is made of muscle we call cardiac
muscle• It is separated into left and right halves by
the septum• It has four chambers
– Two atria receive the blood coming back to the heart
– Two ventricles pump the blood out to the body
Figure 42.6 The mammalian heart: a closer lookAorta
Pulmonaryartery
Leftatrium
Pulmonaryveins
Semilunarvalve
Atrioventricularvalve
Left ventricleRight ventricle
Anterior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Semilunarvalve
Atrioventricularvalve
Posterior vena cava
Pulmonaryveins
Right atrium
Figure 42.5 The mammalian heart: a closer look
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system: an overview
Circulation types
• Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
• Systemic circulation is the flow of blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart– Coronary circulation is a PART of systemic– Coronary supplies blood to the heart through
coronary arteries
Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system: an overview
Heartbeat
• The pacemaker sends an electrical impulse which cause the cells of the heart to contract
Semilunarvalvesclosed
AV valveopen
AV valveclosed
Semilunarvalvesopen
Atrial and ventricular diastole
1
Atrial systole; ventricular diastole
2
Ventricular systole; atrial diastole
3
0.1 sec
0.3 sec0.4 sec
Figure 42.7 The cardiac cycle
Figure 42.8 The control of heart rhythm
SA node(pacemaker)
AV node Bundlebranches
Heartapex
Purkinjefibers
1 2 Signals are delayedat AV node.
Pacemaker generates wave of signals to contract.
3 Signals passto heart apex.
4 Signals spreadthroughoutventricles.
ECG
Objective:
• You will be able to identify the chambers and major blood vessels of the heart.
Heart Dissection
• Find the four chambers of the heart• Identify the flowing structures
– Valves– Vena cava– Pulmonary artery– Pulmonary vein– Aorta
• You find these structures by using your fingers
Objective:
• You will be able to explain the physiology behind blood pressure.
Blood pressure• Refers to the pressure on the arteries
when the ventricles contract.• The contraction period is called systole
– Greatest pressure on the arteries
• The non-contraction period is called diastole– Lowest pressure on the arteries
• A blood pressure of 120/70 means:– Systolic number is 120– Diastolic number is 70
Figure 42.12 Measurement of blood pressure (layer 4)
Artery
Rubber cuffinflatedwith air
Arteryclosed
120 120
70
Pressurein cuff above120
Pressurein cuff below 120
Pressurein cuff below 70
Sounds audible instethoscope
Sounds stop
Blood pressureReading: 120/170
Objective: You will be able to name and give the function of the components of the blood.
Do Now:• Read all of p. 943
• Compare the circulatory system with a city
Blood
• Blood consists of the liquid plasma and a variety of cells
• Plasma is the liquid part of the blood– Mostly consists of water
– Carries everything including wastes, CO2, antibodies, etc…
• Does NOT carry O2
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
• Carry oxygen– Hemoglobin on the RBC’s carry the O2
– An RBC does not have a nucleus
Platelets• Platelets are involved with clotting
– Platelets near an injury rupture and release a chemical
– This chemical causes an enzyme-controlled series of reactions to form a clot
Platelets
White Blood Cells (WBC)
• White blood cells have a nucleus
• They fight off bacteria and viruses– These “bad things” are called antigens
• There are two types of WBC’s– Phagocytic WBC’s engulf the antigens– Lymphocytes make antibodies that attack the
antigens
Phagocyte
Paired Lab Activity
I vant your blood!
RBC
WBC
Objective: You will be able to explain how antibodies can be used to type blood.
Do Now:• Read the section on blood vessels on p.
946-947
• List the characteristics of arteries, veins and capillaries
Figure 14.10x ABO blood types
Objective: You will be able to differentiate between the types of blood vessels.
Do Now:• Read the section on blood vessels on p.
946-947
• List the characteristics of arteries, veins and capillaries
Blood Vessels
• Arteries transport blood away from the heart– They have thick, muscular walls
Blood Vessels
• Veins transport blood to the heart– They have thin walls– Contain valves to prevent the backflow of
blood
Blood Vessels
• Capillaries have walls that are only one cell thick– The exchange material with the blood and the
intercellular fluid (ICF)
Intercellular Fluid (ICF)
• ICF surrounds all of the cells of the body and exchanges materials with the blood and the cells– It is mostly made up of water
• The ICF is picked up by lymph vessels and is now called lymph– Lymph vessels are one cell thick and contain
valves
Tissue cell INTERSTITIAL FLUID
CapillaryNet fluidmovement out
Net fluidmovement in
Direction of blood flow
Capillary Redbloodcell
15 m
Lymph
• The lymph vessels bring the lymph to lymph nodes
• Phagocytic WBC there, clean the lymph of bacteria and dead cells
• Once the lymph is cleaned, it is returned to the blood
Objective: You will be able to differentiate between the types of blood vessels.
Do Now:• Read the section called “The Heart” on p.
944
• Differentiate between the atria and the ventricles
Objective: You will be able to differentiate between the disorders of the circulatory system.
Do Now:• Read the section called “Consequences of
Atherosclerosis” on p. 950
• List the symptoms of a heart attack
Circulatory Malfunctions
• Cardiovascular diseases are malfunctions that affect the heart and blood vessels– High blood pressure is characterized by
having high pressure on the arteries. It damages the arteries and weakens the heart
– Heart attacks include• Angina pectoris which is a partial blockage of a
coronary artery• Coronary thrombosis which is a complete
blockage of a coronary artery
Malfunctions continued
• Blood conditions– Anemia is the inability of the blood to
transport enough oxygen• May be caused by low amount of hemoglobin or
low amount of RBC’s
– Leukemia is a cancer that affects the bone marrow.
• Blood is produced in the bone marrow. So this cancer is the uncontrolled production of nonfunctional WBC’s
Research
• Find another disorder of the circulatory system and
• Describe the disorder in a few sentences• What are its causes• List its major symptoms• Prevention and/or treatment
• This report should be approximately 1 page in length