Objective: Today we will learn about DNA, RNA, and protein Synthesis Materials Agenda Notebook Pen/Pencil Packet Cell Book-74 01/12/2015- NO GUM PLEASE! Agenda Agenda Daily question DNA PPT Brain pop Daily Question: What does DNA stand
Dec 16, 2015
Objective: Today we will learn about DNA, RNA, and protein Synthesis
MaterialsAgendaNotebookPen/PencilPacketCell Book-74
01/12/2015- NO GUM PLEASE!Agenda
AgendaDaily questionDNA PPTBrain pop
Daily Question: What does DNA stand for?
What is DNA?
DNA- Deoxyribonucleic acidstores and passes on genetic information
within cells from one generation to the next
James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosalind Franklin are three of the scientists credited with the
discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule.
What is DNA made up of?
The sides are made up of deoxyribose sugar and phosphates.
The rungs (steps) are formed by pairs of nitrogen bases
What is DNA made up of?
The sugars are chemicals on the outside of the double helix that hold the bases together
Phosphates are the chemicals that join the sugars together
What is DNA made up of?
There are 4 nitrogen bases in DNA: Adenine (A)Guanine (G)Cytosine (C)Thymine (T)
Adenine always pairs with ThymineCytosine always pairs with Guanine
Different Forms of DNA
Chromatin- thread like chains of uncoiled DNA
Chromosome- rod-shaped coils of chromatin
Gene- the basic unit of heredity that consists of a segment of DNA on a chromosome
THE DNA MOLECULE•DNA-Deoxyribonucleic acid- stores and passes on genetic information from one generation to the next
•Many scientists believe that the discovery of the structure of DNA was the most important biological breakthrough of the 20th century
•James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins are three of the scientists credited with the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule.
• They discovered that chromosomes are made up of long strands of DNA molecules. It is the DNA molecules in chromosomes that make up genes.
• A gene is the basic unit of heredity that consists of a segment of DNA on a chromosome
The Structure of DNAThe DNA molecule looks like a twisted ladder, or spiral staircaseThe sides of the ladder are made up of molecules of the sugar deoxyribose and phosphate groups. The rungs of the ladder are formed by pairs of substances called nitrogen basesThe sugars are chemicals on the outside of the double helix that hold the bases togetherPhosphates are the chemicals that join the sugars together
There are 4 nitrogen bases in DNA: Adenine (A) Thymine (T)Guanine (G) Cytosine (C)
THE Structure of DNA (cont)The order of these substances on
the DNA molecule determines what type of gene it is. Adenine always pairs with ThymineCytosine always pairs with GuanineThe order of the nitrogen bases on
a DNA molecule determines the particular genes on a chromosomeThe genetic code is actually the
order of nitrogen bases on the DNA molecule (ACGGTTCAAG) for example
When does DNA Replication occur?
Before Mitosis begins- Interphase
Cell Division: Stage1- Interphase
Why is DNA Replication an important cell process?• Ensures that each daughter cell will
have all of the genetic information it needs to carry out its activities.
Forming daughter cell
Forming daughter cell
DNA (genetic information)
DNA (genetic information)
Structure of DNASides (DNA Ladder)
• Alternating molecules of
• Deoxyribose sugar• Phosphate
Rungs (DNA Ladder)• Made up of pairs of nitrogen bases
• adenine• thymine• cytosine• guanine
Phosphate
Deoxyribose sugar
Nitrogen base
Ladder Rungs•Letters A, T, G, C
•Used to represent the four bases that make up ladder’s rungs
•Nitrogen bases on one side of ladder “match up” in specific way with bases on the other side.
•Adenine always pairs with Thymine (A-T)•Guanine always pairs with Cytosine (G-C)
Nitrogen Base
Nitrogen base
Replication ProcessStep 1: •Two sides of the DNA molecule unwind and separate between paired nitrogen bases on each rung.
•Like a zipper unzipping
Replication Process
Step 2:•Nitrogen bases floating in nucleus pair up with bases on each half of the DNA molecule.
•A always pairs with T•G always pairs with C
Replication ProcessStep 3: •Once new bases are attached, two new DNA molecules formed.
•Order of bases in each new DNA molecule exactly matches the order in the original molecule.
http://www.cfkeep.org/uploads/dna_replication.mov
http://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video?p=dna+structure&ei=UTF-8&fr=sbc-web&x=wrt