Jan 05, 2016
OBJECTIVE• Explain how the Age of Reason and the American
Revolution led to revolution in France
• Identify the Three Estates
• Explain how the storming of Bastille led to a bloody rebellion
• Describe how the rest of the Europe reacted to the French Revolution
• List Napoleon’s accomplishments in government and in war
THE BIG IDEA
• Social unrest, government debt, and food shortages contributed to the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789.
CAUSES
• Spread of Enlightenment ideas
• Huge government debt
• Poor harvest and rising prices
• Corrupt and week government(Louis XVI)
• Formation of National Assembly
• Storming of Bastille(political prison in Paris)
CAUSES
THREE ESTATES
• Estates-General (Government body-French Parliament)– Since the Middle Ages,
everyone in France belonged to one of the three social classes called ESTATES
FIRST AND SECOND ESTATES
• First Estate-clergy-0.5%• Second Estate-nobles
1.5%– Only 2% of people
belonged to this two estates
– They owned about 30% of the land and they paid little or no taxes
– They had easy life
THIRD ESTATE
• Third estate– the bourgeoisie(middle
class)– city workers(poorly paid
or without job)– peasants(farm workers)
• 80% of the population
– Third estate had few rights and they paid high taxes
– They were angry
TENNIS COURT OATH
• Members of the Third Estate took the Oath. They swore to give France Constitution
• They supported National Assembly
Storming Bastille
• On July 14, 1789- attack on political prison in Paris
• Revolution began
First French Republic
• The king Louis XVI was forced off the throne
• New lawmaking body called the National Convention declared France a republic-1792.
• The motto of the new republic was “Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity”– (motto=word or phrase that
expresses goals or ideals)
REIGN OF TERROR • Those considered to
be enemies of the French Republic were executed by guillotine.
• About 20000 to 40000 of people were executed during the reign of terror
REIGN OF TERROR
• Maximilian Roberspierre
– (Gresham's law of political morality: the bad drives out the good .)
Napoleon
• French Hero– Stabilize economy
– make laws uniform; eliminated injustices
– increase empire and defeat major enemy
Napoleonic Code-Law
Emperor Napoleon
• 1804 Napoleon crowned himself Emperor
NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE
Napoleon’s Mistake
• Napoleon declared war on Russia
• 1812-Defeat at Borodino- Russia
• Over 500,000 men were killed or died of illness or starvation. Many froze to death
The first exile
• Island Elba - Italy
The second exile -St. Helena
Congress of Vienna• Restoration of Europe• Russia, Prussia, and Great
Britain diminished the size and power of France
• Europeans leaders wanted to establish peace and stability after Napoleon’s defeat at the Waterloo in Belgium-1815
EFFECTS• France adopts its first written constitution• Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
adopted• Monarchy abolished; execution of king and queen• Reign of Terror• Napoleon gains power• Public school set up• French conquest spread nationalism• Revolution in Europe and Latin America