Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Objective 6 Show the major regions of the brain and describe their functions.
Objective 6
Feb 24, 2016
Objective 6. Show the major regions of the brain and describe their functions. . Regions of the Brain. Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon Brain stem Cerebellum. Figure 7.12b. Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum). Paired (left and right) superior parts of the brain - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Objective 6
Show the major regions of the brain and describe their functions.
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Regions of the Brain Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon Brain stem Cerebellum
Figure 7.12b
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Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) Paired (left and
right) superior parts of the brain
Include more than half of the brain mass
Figure 7.13a
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Cerebral Hemispheres (Cerebrum) The surface is
made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci)
Figure 7.13a
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Lobes of the Cerebrum Fissures (deep grooves) divide the cerebrum
into lobes Surface lobes of the cerebrum
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe
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Lobes of the Cerebrum
Figure 7.15a
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Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum Somatic sensory area – receives impulses
from the body’s sensory receptors Primary motor area – sends impulses to
skeletal muscles Broca’s area – involved in our ability to speak
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Sensory and Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex
Figure 7.14
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Specialized Functions of the Cerebrum Cerebral areas involved in special senses
Gustatory area (taste) Visual area Auditory area (hearing) Olfactory area (smell)
Interpretation areas of the cerebrum Speech/language region Language comprehension region General interpretation area
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Specialized Areas of the Cerebrum
Figure 7.13c
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Layers of the Cerebrum Gray matter
Outer layer Composed
mostly of neuron cell bodies
Figure 7.13a
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Layers of the Cerebrum White matter
Fiber tracts inside the gray matter
Example: corpus callosum connects hemispheres
Figure 7.13a
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Diencephalon Sits on top of the brain stem Enclosed by the cerebral hemispheres Made of three parts
Thalamus Hypothalamus Epithalamus
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Diencephalon
Figure 7.15
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Thalamus The relay station for sensory impulses Transfers impulses to the correct part of the
cortex for localization and interpretation
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Hypothalamus “Under” the thalamus Important autonomic nervous system center
Helps regulate body temperature Controls water balance Regulates metabolism
An important part of the limbic system (emotions)
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Brain Stem Attaches to the spinal cord Parts of the brain stem
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata
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Brain Stem
Figure 7.15a
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Midbrain
Has two bulging fiber tracts – cerebral peduncles
Has four rounded protrusions – corpora quadrigemina Reflex centers for vision and hearing
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Pons The bulging center part of the brain stem Includes nuclei involved in the control of
breathing
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Medulla Oblongata The lowest part of the brain stem Merges into the spinal cord Contains control centers for
Heart rate control Blood pressure regulation Breathing Swallowing Vomiting
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Cerebellum Two hemispheres with convoluted surfaces Provides involuntary coordination of body
movements
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Cerebellum
Figure 7.15a
ELAINE N. MARIEB
EIGHTH EDITION
7
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PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Jerry L. Cook, Sam Houston University
ESSENTIALSOF HUMAN
ANATOMY& PHYSIOLOGY
PART A“Parts of the Brain”
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Objective 7
Describe how meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and the blood brain barrier protect the Central Nervous System.
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Protection of the Central Nervous System Scalp and skin…..Skull and vertebral column Meninges Cerebrospinal fluid Blood brain barrier
Figure 7.16a
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Meninges Dura mater
Double-layered external covering Periosteum – attached to surface of the skull Meningeal layer – outer covering of the brain
Folds inward in several areas
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Meninges Arachnoid layer
Middle layer Web-like
Pia mater Internal layer Clings to the surface of the brain
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Similar to blood plasma composition Formed by the choroid plexus Forms a watery cushion to protect the brain Circulated in arachnoid space, ventricles, and
central canal of the spinal cord
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Ventricles and Location of the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Figure 7.17a–b
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Ventricles and Location of the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Figure 7.17c
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Blood Brain Barrier Includes the least permeable capillaries of the
body However many substances (some potentially
harmful) can pass through… Fats and fat soluble molecules Respiratory gases Alcohol Nicotine Anesthesia
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Traumatic Brain Injuries Concussion
Slight brain injury No permanent brain damage
Contusion Nervous tissue destruction occurs Nervous tissue does not regenerate
Cerebral edema Swelling from the inflammatory response May compress and kill brain tissue
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