Objective 14.01 What are the major parts of a plant including the anatomical parts and what are the distinguishing characteristics of each?
Apr 01, 2015
Objective 14.01
What are the major parts of a plant including the anatomical parts
and what are the distinguishing characteristics of each?
Plant Parts
• Leaves
• Stems
• Roots
• Flowers
Leaves-External
• Petiole-leaf stalk or part that connects the leaf to the stem
• Blade-the large, flat part of the leaf
• Midrib-the large center vein
• Veins-the structural framework of the leaf
• Margin-the edge of the leaf
Leaves-External
Leaves-Internal
• Upper and lower epidermis-skin of the leaf that prevents the loss of too much moisture
• Stomates-small openings under the leaf for breathing or transpiration
• Guard Cells-open and close stomates
Leaves-Internal
• Chloroplasts-small green particles that contain chlorophyll– gives leaves their green color– necessary for photosynthesis
Leaves-Internal
Leaves-Internal
Stems-External
• Lenticels-breathing pores• Bud scale scars-show where terminal
buds have been located• Leaf Scars-show where leaves were
attached• Terminal bud-bud on the end of a stem• Axillary or lateral bud-bud on side of
stem
Stems-Internal
• Xylem-tissue that transports water and nutrients up from the roots to stems and leaves
• Phloem-tissue that transports food down from leaves to roots
Stems-Internal
PhloemPhloem
Xylem
Stems-Internal
• Cambium-thin, green, actively growing tissue located between bark and wood and produces all new stem cells
• Bark-old inactive phloem
• Heartwood-old inactive xylem
• Sapwood-new active xylem
Stems-Internal
Cambium
Heartwood
Sapwood
Bark
Stems-Internal
• Monocota-plant stems have vascular bundles that contain both xylem and phloem in each bundle– examples: corn, grasses
• Dicata-plant stems have the phloem layer and xylem layer separated by cambium– example: trees
Stems-Internal
Monocot Dicot
Roots-External
• Root cap-indicates growth of new cells
• Root hairs-absorb moisture (water) and minerals
Root images from a rice plant
Roots-Internal
• Much like stems in that they have a phloem, cambium, and xylem layer
• Phloem-the outer layer that carries food down the root
• Xylem-the inner layer that carries water and minerals up to the stem
Layers of Roots
• Fibrous-many branched shallow roots– are easier to transplant
• Tap-long root with few branched ones– more difficult to transplant
Flowers
• Sepals-Green parts that cover and protect flower bud before it opens
• Petals-are really leaves that are modified to attract insects for flower pollination, the pretty part that we call flowers
• Stamen-male part of the flower
• Pistil-female part of the flower
Flowers
Parts of the Stamen
• Filament-short stalk that holds up the anther
• Anther-a sac-like structure that contains pollen, the male sex cells
Parts of the Pistil
• Ovules-the eggs or female sex cells that become seeds if fertilized
• Ovary-if fertilized becomes a fruit or seed coat
• Style-holds up the stigma and connects it to the ovary
• Stigma-sticky part on top of style where insects leave pollen
Parts of the Pistil
Stigma
Style
Ovary
Complete-vs-Incomplete
• Complete flowers have both male and female parts
• Incomplete flowers have only male or female parts
• What are the major parts of a plant including the anatomical parts and what are the distinguishing characteristics of each?