Objective 10.01 Identify military, political, and diplomatic turning points of the war and determine their significance to the outcome and aftermath of.

Objective 10.01Identify military, political,

and diplomatic turning points of the war and

determine their significance to the

outcome and aftermath of the conflict.

Major Concepts

• Appeasement• Isolationism• Reparations

• Totalitarian Governments• Treaty of Versailles

• Worldwide Depression

Terms• Adolf Hitler: leader of Nazi Party. Appointed Chancellor of

Germany in 1933 and became Führer (leader) in 1934, remaining in power until his suicide in 1945. Started WWII.

• Benito Mussolini: Italian prime minister from 1922-1943 (overthrown). Est. a fascist regime and a close ally of German dictator Adolf Hitler. Entered WWII in June 1940 on the side of Nazi Germany.

Terms

• Emperor Hirohito: leader of Japan during WWII. Allied w/ Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

• Winston Churchill: British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955. Prime Minister during WWII.

Terms• Joseph Stalin: General Secretary of Communist Party of the Soviet

Union's Central Committee from 1922 until his death in 1953. Under Stalin's leadership, the Soviet Union played a decisive role in the defeat of Nazi Germany in WWII.

• Fascism: authoritarian political ideology that considers individual and other societal interests subordinate to the interests of the state. Scholars attribute different characteristics to fascism: nationalism, statism, militarism, totalitarianism, anti-communism, corporatism, populism, collectivism, and opposition to economic and political liberalism.

Terms• Munich Pact: regarding

Sudatenland in Czechoslovakia signed on Sept. 29th, 1938. Most went to Nazi Germany. An example of appeasement.

• Third Reich: (3rd German Empire) According to Hitler, “A Thousand-Year Reich”. Inc. idea of Lebensraum (living space). Blonde-haired, blue-eyed “Aryans” only.

• Four Freedoms: Speech given by FDR Jan 6th, 1941. Freedoms: speech/expression, religion, from want, and from fear.

Flag of the Third Reich

3 of the 4 Freedoms

Terms• Kellogg-Briand Pact:

signed by 62 nations in 1928. Renounced war as a national policy, but had no means of enforcement.

• Lend-Lease Act: 1941 law that allowed the U.S. to ship arms and other supplies, w/o immediate payment, to nations fighting the Axis Powers.

• Neutrality Acts: series of laws from 1935-1936 to prevent U.S. arms sales and loans to nations @ war.

Terms• Non-Aggression Pact:

agreement in which 2 nations promise not to go to war w/ each other. Stalin signed one w/ Hitler on Aug. 23, 1939.

• Pearl Harbor: largest U.S. naval base in the Pacific. Attacked Dec. 7th, 1941 by the Japanese. 21 ships sunk, 300 aircraft damaged/destroyed, and more than 2,400 killed!

• Quarantine Speech: given by FDR on Oct. 5th, 1937 in Chicago. Called for international “quarantine of aggressor nations”.

German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact