Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet in the Eastern Mediterranean DR ABDULLRAHMAN MUSAIGER Head, Arab Center for Nutrition BAHRAIN
Mar 27, 2015
Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet in the Eastern
Mediterranean
Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet in the Eastern
Mediterranean
DR ABDULLRAHMAN MUSAIGER
Head, Arab Center for Nutrition BAHRAIN
Prevalence of Overweight among Preschool Children
Prevalence of Overweight among Preschool Children (1992 – 1997)
de Onis and Blössner (2000)
Arab
Asia
%
Summary of Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in the
Middle East Countries
35 - 75Women
30 - 60Men
Adults
15 - 45Adolescents (11 – 18 yr)
10 - 25School children (6 – 10 yr)
4 - 8Preschool children (<6 yr)
% of Overweight and Obesity
Age group
Musaiger (2007)
Pregnancy
(gain weight more than average)
Infancy:
(3-7%)
Childhood and adolescence:
(10-45%)Higher risk of obesity,
hypertension, micronutrient inadequacies,
unhealthy eating patterns, and lifestyles
Adulthood:(30-75%)
Higher chronic disease risks, micronutrient inadequacies,
unhealthy eating patterns, and
lifestyles
Life Cycle of Overweight and Obesity in the EMR
Prevalence of Low Physical Activity according to the Stepwise Survey in
some Arab Countries
Physical Activity of Saudi Adults Using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)
(N=1616)
Al-Hazza (2007)
Summary of Barriers to Physical Activity among Bahraini Adults (N
= 426)Barriers % Type
Major barriers
Lack of resources 62 Environment
Lack of energy 56 Individual
Lack of time 54 Individual
Lack of motivation 48 Individual
Moderate barriers
Social influence 17 Environment
Minor barriers
Fear of injury 8 Individual
Lack of skill 6 Individual
Percent Increase of Daily per Capita Dietary Energy in some Middle East
Countries (1971-2005)(1971 as a base)
FAO (Food Balance sheet, 1971-2005)
Prevalence of Low Intake of Fresh Fruit and Vegetables in some Arab
Countries according to the STEPwise Survey
(Daily intake ≤5 serving/day)
Contribution (%) of Nutrients to Daily Energy Supply (DES) in the Middle East
CountriesNutrients Low
income countries
Intermediate income countries
High income countries
Carbohydrates 55 – 75 60 – 70 59 – 60
Fats 15 – 20 20 – 25 29 – 35
Proteins 10 – 12 10 – 11 10 – 12
Complex carbohydrates
60 – 70 50 – 60 45 – 50
Sugar 3 – 12 9 – 12 10 – 15
Animal fat 4 – 7 4 – 10 11 – 15
Cereals 60 – 80 45 – 65 35 – 40
Musaiger (2004)
CONCLUSION
• Obesity has been become an endemic in most countries of the Region
• Change in dietary habits and lack of physical activity are the main factors responsible for high prevalence of obesity and NCD
• Environmental and cultural factors should also be taken in consideration in any intervention programme to prevent NCD