OBESITY Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Contra Gabriela Dobie Cristina Macec Rucsandra.

OBESITY

Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-NapocaFaculty of Chemistry and Chemical

Engineering Contra Gabriela Dobie Cristina

Macec Rucsandra

Definition

• The foods we eat every day contribute to our well-being.

• Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems.

Health Consequences of Obesity• An obese person has a 50 to 100 percent

increased risk of premature death compared to someone of normal weight.

•

Obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes , coronary heart disease , stroke , hypertension, elevated blood cholesterol , some cancers (e.g., colon, endometrial, kidney, gallbladder, and postmenopausal breast cancer ), osteoarthritis , gallbladder disease, and respiratory disease.

Obesity Causes

• Genes • Emotions • Environmental factors • Sex • Age • Pregnancy

Calculating BMI• Calculate Body Mass Index (BMI) =

weight (kg)height (meters squared)

Or…

weight (pounds) x 705height squared (inches squared)

What does BMI tell you?

ITEMS BMI GRADE

UNDER WEIGHT ≤ 18.5

NORMAL 18.5 – 24.9

OVER WEIGHT 25.0 – 29.9

OBESITY 30.0 – 34.9 I

OBESITY 35.0 – 39.9 II

EXTREME OBESITY ≥ 40 III

Obesity Treatment

• Self-care at home: dietary therapy and physical activity

• Medical treatment• Surgery

Self-care at home• For most people who are overweight or obese,

the safest and most effective way to lose weight is to eat less and exercise more. If you eat less and exercise more, you will lose weight. It is as simple as that. There are no magic pills. Diets that sound too good to be true are just that.

Dietary therapy

• By decreasing daily calorie intake by 500 calories or expending an extra 500 calories during exercise each day, you will lose about 1 pound per week.

How Much Should People Eat?

Males Age 20-49 2900 calories/day

Age 50-plus 2500 calories/day

Females Age 20-49 2300 calories/day

Age 50-plus 1900 calories/day

Recommend Physical Activity

Running 11 miles

Gardening 5 hours

Cycling 22 miles

Dancing 3 hours

Walking 12 miles

What does it take to burn 1000 calories per week?

Medical Treatment

• There are medications that can promote weight loss, although they work only in conjunction with eating less and exercising more.

• Most medications that promote weight loss work by suppressing the appetite.

• Medications approved by FDA:Sibutramine

(Meridia) and Orlistat (Xenical).

Surgery

• Surgery to correct obesity is a solution for some obese people who cannot lose weight on their own or have severe obesity-related medical problems.

• The 2 types of surgery are malabsorptive and restrictive.

Prevention

• Reversing obesity and its health risks requires changing the habits of a lifetime. Eating less over the long term means learning to think about your eating habits and patterns.

Bibliography

• Handbook of obesity,George A. Bray, Claude Bouchard

• Fast food nation, Eric Schlosser• http://pediatrics.aapublications.org/cgi/content/ab

stract/75/5/807