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Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill
Chapter 08: Secondary Chapter 08: Secondary StorageStorage
Chapter 08: Secondary Chapter 08: Secondary StorageStorage
Copyright © 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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8-2McGraw-Hill
CompetenciesCompetencies (Page 1 of (Page 1 of 2)2)
• Distinguish between Distinguish between primaryprimary and and secondary secondary storagestorage
• Discuss the important characteristics of Discuss the important characteristics of secondary storage, including media, secondary storage, including media, capacity, storage devices, and access speedcapacity, storage devices, and access speed
• Describe Describe hard disk plattershard disk platters, , trackstracks, , sectorssectors, , and and head crasheshead crashes
• Compare Compare internalinternal andand external hard drivesexternal hard drives• Discuss performance enhancements Discuss performance enhancements
includingincludingdisk cachingdisk caching, , RAIDsRAIDs, , file compressionfile compression, and, andfile decompressionfile decompression
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8-3McGraw-Hill
Competencies Competencies (Page 2 of (Page 2 of 2)2)
• Define optical storage including Define optical storage including compactcompact, , digital versatiledigital versatile, and , and high-definition discshigh-definition discs
• Define solid-state storage, including Define solid-state storage, including solid-solid-state drivesstate drives, , flash memoryflash memory, and , and USB drivesUSB drives
• Define Define cloud storage cloud storage and and cloud storage cloud storage servicesservices
• Discuss mass storage devices, enterprise Discuss mass storage devices, enterprise storage systems, and storage systems, and storage area storage area networksnetworks
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IntroductionIntroduction• Data storage has expanded from text Data storage has expanded from text
and numeric files to include digital and numeric files to include digital music files, photographic files, video music files, photographic files, video files, and much more. files, and much more.
• These new types of files require These new types of files require secondary storage devices with much secondary storage devices with much greater capacity. greater capacity.
• In this chapter, you learn aboutIn this chapter, you learn aboutthe many types of secondarythe many types of secondarystorage devices including theirstorage devices including theircapabilities and limitations.capabilities and limitations.
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8-5McGraw-Hill
StorageStorage
• Primary storagePrimary storage– Volatile storageVolatile storage– Temporary Temporary
storagestorage– Random Access Random Access
Memory (RAM)Memory (RAM)
• Secondary storageSecondary storage– Nonvolatile storageNonvolatile storage– Permanent storagePermanent storage
• Secondary storage Secondary storage characteristics characteristics – MediaMedia– CapacityCapacity– Storage devicesStorage devices– Access speedAccess speed
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8-6McGraw-Hill
Secondary Storage Secondary Storage Devices Devices
• Provides permanent or Provides permanent or nonvolatile storagenonvolatile storage
• Data and programs can be Data and programs can be retained after the computer retained after the computer has been shut offhas been shut off
• Most desktop microcomputer Most desktop microcomputer systems have both hard and systems have both hard and optical disk drivesoptical disk drives
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Hard DisksHard Disks
• Use rigid, metallic platters for Use rigid, metallic platters for storagestorage
• Files organized using Files organized using trackstracks, , sectorssectors, , and and cylinderscylinders
• Large capacity (terabytes)Large capacity (terabytes)• Sensitive instruments • Two types of hard disks:Two types of hard disks:
– Internal Hard Disk– External Hard Disks
• Performance enhancementsPerformance enhancements
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8-8McGraw-Hill
Materials that Cause a Head Materials that Cause a Head Crash Crash
• A A head crashhead crash is a disaster for a is a disaster for a hard disk, not to mention the hard disk, not to mention the data stored on the diskdata stored on the disk
Return
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Internal Hard DiskInternal Hard Disk
• Located inside system unit and Located inside system unit and
often designated as the C: driveoften designated as the C: drive
• Used to store programs and data Used to store programs and data
filesfiles
• Advantages over removable Advantages over removable
mediamedia– CapacityCapacity
– Access speedAccess speed Return
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External Hard DisksExternal Hard Disks
• Removable hard disks Removable hard disks
• Used to complement internal hard Used to complement internal hard
disk with an unlimited amount of disk with an unlimited amount of
additional storageadditional storage
• Capacities extend into the terabytes Capacities extend into the terabytes
(TBs)(TBs)
Return
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Performance Performance EnhancementsEnhancements
• Disk caching Disk caching to improveto improvehard disk performance hard disk performance
• Redundant arrays of Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks inexpensive disks (RAID)(RAID)to expand storage andto expand storage andto improve access speedto improve access speed
• File compressionFile compression and and decompressiondecompressionto increase capacityto increase capacity Return
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8-12McGraw-Hill
Optical DisksOptical Disks
• Hold over 100 gigabytes (GB) of dataHold over 100 gigabytes (GB) of data• AttributesAttributes
– LandsLands– PitsPits
• Three typesThree types– Compact Disc (CD)Compact Disc (CD)– Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)– Blu-Ray (Hi-Def) DiscBlu-Ray (Hi-Def) Disc
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Compact Disc (CDs)Compact Disc (CDs)
• Optical formatOptical format• Capacity of 650 MB to 1 GBCapacity of 650 MB to 1 GB• Rotation speeds vary Rotation speeds vary • Three basic typesThree basic types
– Read only (Read only (CD-ROMCD-ROM))– Write once (Write once (CD-RCD-R))– Rewriteable (Rewriteable (CD-RWCD-RW))
Return
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Digital Versatile Discs Digital Versatile Discs (DVDs)(DVDs)
• Like CDs, but newer format called Like CDs, but newer format called digital versatile discdigital versatile disc or or digital digital video disc (DVD)video disc (DVD)
• Capacity of 4.7 GB to 17 GBCapacity of 4.7 GB to 17 GB• Three basic typesThree basic types
– Read onlyRead only((DVD-ROMDVD-ROM))
– Write onceWrite once((DVD+RDVD+R and and DVD-RDVD-R))
– RewriteableRewriteable((DVD+RWDVD+RW, , DVD-RWDVD-RW, and , and DVD-RAMDVD-RAM)) Return
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Blu-ray Disc (BDs)Blu-ray Disc (BDs)
• Next generation Next generation optical discoptical disc for for recording high-definition (hi def) recording high-definition (hi def) videovideo
• Capacity of 25 GB to 100 GBCapacity of 25 GB to 100 GB• Blu-ray optical drives are usually Blu-ray optical drives are usually
capable of reading standard capable of reading standard DVDs and CDs in addition to Blu-DVDs and CDs in addition to Blu-ray discsray discs
Return
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8-16McGraw-Hill
Solid-State StorageSolid-State Storage• Solid–state drives (SSDs)Solid–state drives (SSDs)
– Faster and more durableFaster and more durable• Flash memory cardsFlash memory cards
– Widely used in computers, Widely used in computers, cameras, and portable cameras, and portable devices such as mobile devices such as mobile phonesphones
• USB Drives USB Drives (or (or Flash DrivesFlash Drives))– Compact and easily Compact and easily
transportedtransported– Capacity of 1 GB to 256 GBCapacity of 1 GB to 256 GB
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Making IT Work for YouMaking IT Work for YouFlash Camcorders, YouTube, and Flash Camcorders, YouTube, and MySpaceMySpace
• Flash-based camcorders have made Flash-based camcorders have made creating digital video simpler and creating digital video simpler and more affordablemore affordable
• Easily upload your creations to photo- Easily upload your creations to photo- andandvideo-sharing Web sites on the video-sharing Web sites on the InternetInternet
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Cloud StorageCloud Storage
• Cloud computingCloud computing is where the is where the InternetInternetacts as a “cloud” of serversacts as a “cloud” of servers– Applications provided as a Applications provided as a service service rather rather
than a than a product product (for example, (for example, cloudcloud or or online storageonline storage))
• Cloud storage servicesCloud storage servicesmake it easy tomake it easy toupload and shareupload and sharefiles with anyonefiles with anyone
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Mass Storage DevicesMass Storage Devices
• Organizations require tremendous Organizations require tremendous amounts of secondary storage called amounts of secondary storage called mass storagemass storage
• Enterprise storage systems ensure data Enterprise storage systems ensure data security using specialized strategies and security using specialized strategies and devices, such asdevices, such as– File serversFile servers– Networked attached storage (NAS)Networked attached storage (NAS)– RAID systemsRAID systems– Tape librariesTape libraries– Organizational cloud storageOrganizational cloud storage– Storage Area Network (SAN)Storage Area Network (SAN)
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Enterprise Storage Enterprise Storage SystemsSystems
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Careers In ITCareers In IT
• Software engineersSoftware engineers analyze users’ analyze users’ needs and create application needs and create application softwaresoftware
• General employer requirementsGeneral employer requirements– Bachelors degree inBachelors degree in
computer sciencecomputer science– Extensive knowledge ofExtensive knowledge of
computers and technologycomputers and technology– Communication and analytical skillsCommunication and analytical skills
• Annual salary of $63,000 to $98,500Annual salary of $63,000 to $98,500
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A Look to the FutureA Look to the FutureYour Entire Life Recorded on a Single DiskYour Entire Life Recorded on a Single Disk
• Future secondary storage disks Future secondary storage disks will eventually store terabytes will eventually store terabytes (TB) or petabytes (PB)(TB) or petabytes (PB)– Your entire life captured inYour entire life captured in
digital video on a single discdigital video on a single disc– Currently developing programsCurrently developing programs
that can scan photos and videosthat can scan photos and videosfor a particular person’s facefor a particular person’s face
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Open-Ended Open-Ended Questions(Page 1 of 2) Questions(Page 1 of 2)
• What are the two types of hard disks? What are the two types of hard disks? Describe three ways to improve hard Describe three ways to improve hard disk performance.disk performance.
• Compare solid-state and hard disk Compare solid-state and hard disk storage.storage.
• List and compare the three most List and compare the three most common optical disc formats?common optical disc formats?
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Open-Ended Questions Open-Ended Questions (Page 2 of 2) (Page 2 of 2)
• Describe cloud computing and cloud Describe cloud computing and cloud storage.storage.
• Discuss mass storage systems Discuss mass storage systems including enterprise storage systems including enterprise storage systems and storage area networks.and storage area networks.
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