Page 1
BeCTHHK CaHKT-nerep6yprcKOro YIHaepcHTCTa 2006 Cep9 Bbln 2
0E06elKUHa
o HEKOTOPhIX OCOBEHHOCTHX n03TMKM BltIgt XEPMAHCA
BHJlJleM ltDpeAepHK XepMaHc (1921 - 1995) no npaBY ClHTaeTC5I OAHHM H3 caMblX
3HalHTeJlbHbIX nHCaTeJleH HHAepJlaHAOB BTOpOHnOJlOBHHbl XX B CnycT5I AeC5ITb JleT nocJle
ero cMepTH B HalaJle XXI B eroTBOpleCTBO He YTpaTHJlO aKTYaJIbHOCTH H BbI3bIBaeT HHTeshy
pec MHOrHX rOJlJlaHACKHX lHTaTeJleH H HCCJleAOBaTeJleH ero TBOpleCTBa TaK B 2005 r BbIWeJl
B CBeT n epBbIH TOM 23-TOMHOro AKaAeMHleCKoro co6paHH5I COlHHeHHH B ltD XepMaHca nOAshy
roTOBJleHHoro KOpOJleBCKOH AKaJ(eMHeH HaYK HHAepJlaHAOB H MHCTHTYTOM BltD XepMaHca
(cneUHaJIbHO C03AaHHblM AJl5I H3YleHHH TBOpleCTBa XepMaHca) KpOMe TOro B 2005 f 06bHBshy
JleHHOM B HHAepJlaHAaXfOAOM XepMaHca 6bIJlH H3AaHbI HOBble nepeSOAbl ero npOH3seAeshy
HHH Ha HeKOTopbIX eBponeHCKHX H3bIKax TaK K nepeseAeHHhlM paHee Ha HeMeUKHH H3bIK
caMhIM H3seCTHblM pOMaHaM XepMaHca laquoT eMHa5I LlaMOKJlOBa KOMHaTaraquo laquoDOJlhWe HHKorAa
He cnaThraquo laquoTIo 06MeHYraquo S 3TOM roAY Ao6aSHJlCH nepesOA OAHoro H3 paHHHx pOMaHOs laquoCJleshy
3bI aKaUHHraquo Bo ltDpaHUHH a TaK)((e B ClllA H BeJlHK06pHTaHHH SbIXOA5IT HOBbIe nepeSOAbl
pOMaHOB laquoTeMHa5I LlaMoKJIosa KOMHaTaraquo H laquoDOJlbWe HHKOfAa He cnaThraquo K HeMeUKOMY cjJpaHshy
UY3CKOMY H aHrJlHHCKOMY nepeSOAaM H3BeCTHeHwero pOMaHa XepMaHca Ao6asJlHeTCH H rpeshy
leCKHHnepeBOA pOMaHa laquoTeMHaH LlaMOKJlosa KOMHaTaraquo
EsponeHCKHe JlHTepaTyposeAhI CTaBHT HMH BltD X epMaHca B OAHHM pHA C TaKHMH
H3BeCTHblMH nHCaTeJl5lMH KaK 3TA focjJMaH ltD KacjJKa gtK -TI CapTp KaK H npOH3seAeshy
HHH [ocjJMaHa npOH3seAeHHH XepMaHca nOJlHhl 3araAOlHOCTH OAHaKO OCHOSOH AJIH cjJaHshy
Ta3HH H 3araJ(KH HSJl5IeTC5I peaJIbHa5I JKH3Hh KpOMe TOro H AJIH [ocjJMaHa H AJIH XepMaHca
xapaKTepHO CaTHpHleCKOe HalaJlO [epOH XepMaHca laCTO HanOMHHalOT rpe3Hmero repOHshy
AeKaAeHTa KacjJKH CTpaAalOmero MaHHeHnpeCJleAOSaHHH X epMaHca KaK H KacjJKY TaK)((e
3aHHMaeT MeTacjJH3HleCKaH np06J1eMaTHKa H napaAOKCaJlhHOCTh C CapTpOM KOTOPbIH6bIJI
csoero pOAa pynopoM nOCJleBOeHHoro nOKOJleHHH XepMaHca npHHaAJle)((aBWerO K 3TOMY
nOKOJleHHIO POAHHT MHpoomymeHHe ( 3K3HCTeHUHaJlH3M) B npOH3SeAeHH5IX 060HX nHcashy
TeJleil OTleTJlHSO npOCJle)((HBaeTCH TeMa a6CYPAHOCTH 6bITHH - ero CJlYlaHHOCTb H 6eCCMbIC~
JleHHOCTb
K COJKaJIeHHIO AJIH wHpOKoro POCCHHCKOro lHTaTeJlH HMH BHJlJleMa ltDpeAepHKa Xepshy
MaHca AOJlroe SpeM5I 6hIJlO HeH3seCTHO OAHaKO B rOA XepMaHca HHAepJlaHACKHM JlHTepashy
TypHbIM cjJOHAOM H [OJlJlaHACKHM HHCTHTYTOM B CaHKT-TIeTep6ypre 6bIJI opraHH30BaH CHMshy
n03HYM nOCSHmeHHbIH XepMaHCY CnycTH 10 JleT nocJle ero cMepTHnpoH3SeAeHH5I XepMaHca
AOCTOHHbl TOro lTo6bI CTaTh H3seCTHblMH AJl5I POCCHHCKHX lHTaTeJleH H JlHTepaTyposeAos
BltD XepMaHc POAHJlCH 1 ceHTH6pH 1921 r B AMcTepAaMe B ceMbe YlHTeJleH (S TO
speMH ero OTUY 6blJl 41 fOA MaTepH 37) Y XepMaHca 6blJla CTapwaH ceCTpa - KOpHeJlHa
[epTpYAa (CTapwe XepMaHca Ha 3 roAa) B Mae 1940 f B TOT AeHb KorAa HeMeUKHe sOHCKa
oKKynHposaJlH TeppHTopHIO HHAepJlaHAOB H BOWJlH S AMCTepAaM OHa SMeCTe C ASOIOPOAshy
copy 0 6 OBeQKHHa 2006
13
HbIM 6paTOM nOKOHJl1JIa lKH3Hh ca~lOy611HCTBOM TO HeCO~1HeHHO nOBJJl1~JIO l-Ja centOpMllpOBashy
HHe JII1HOCTH XapMaHca
B ceHT~6pe 1940 r XepMaiIc nOCTymw B AMCTep[laMCKI1I1 YHlfBepcHTeT Ha centaKYJIbshy
TeT COI[110JIOrHl1 3TOT BbI60p 6blJl CeJIaH no[l BJrl111UleM OT1a CaM OH XOTeJI 113yaTb centHshy
311eCKYIO reorpacentHlo K eMY 11 npHcTy nl1JI lepe3 ro[l ITOJIYI1B CTeneHb [lOKTOpa B 1958 r
XepMaHc yeXaJl B fpOHl1HreH r[le npenO[laBaJl cent113wlecKYlo reorpacentHIO B YHHBepGlTeTe B
1973 r OH yBOJIHJIC~ H HaBCer[la nepeexaJI B ITapHlK T06bl nOJIHOCTblO nOCB~THTb ce6~
JIHTepaTYpc
CaMblMH nepBblMH JJl1TepaTypHblMH onblTaM H XepMaHca 6bIJIl1 oepKH CTI1XOTBOpeshy
HH~ 11 paccKa3bI KOTopble OH ny6JlI1KOBaJI B UlKOJlbHOH ra3CTe HaaJIOM lKe HaCT05ILI[eH JIHshy
TepaTypHoH KapbepbI MOlKHO CI1TaTb BbIXO[l B CBeT pOMaHa 4 KoHce pBblraquo B 1947 r XepMaHc
113[laBaJIC~ MHoro 11 JaCTO no[l MHorOI1CJIeHHbIMI1 nCeB[lOHHMaMI1 6hlJI pe[laKTOpOM JlI1Teshy
paTypHblX lKypHaJIOB HeO[lHOKpaTHo ero KIUlrH Bbl3blBaJIH OCTpble cnopbl l1[le6aTbI TaK 113 shy
3a aHTHKaTOJII1eCKHX Bbllla[lOH B pOMaHe laquo 51 BCer[la npaBraquo XepM3HC [lOJIlKeH 6blJI npe[lCTaTb
nepe[l CY[lOM B 1952 r B 1970-x HM~ XepMaHca 6blJIO Y Bcex Ha YCTax B CB~3H C KOHcentJIHKTOM
C H3[laTeJIbCTBOM BaH 0PCXOTraquo n CpeI13[laBaBUlHM np0I13Be[leHH~ XepMaHca B HeOTpC[laKshy
THpOBaHHOM BH[lC CKaH[laJIbHYIO 113BeCTHOCTb npl1HeC XepMaHcy H C60PHHK 4MaH[lapl1Hbl B
ceplI0I1 KHCJJOTeraquo 1963 r - C60PHHK cT3TefI B KOTOPOM OH Kpl1Tl1KyeT BI1[lHbIX KYJIbTypHbIX
[le~TeJleH B pOMaHe laquoCpe[l11 npocenteccopoBraquo 1975 r X epMaHc CaTl1pWIeCKH I1306palKaeT nposhy
centeccopcKYIO cpeAY fpolHIHreHcKoro YHHBCpCI1TeTa
XepMaHc 6blJl HeOp[lI1HapHOH JII1HOCTblO OH HeCKOJIbKO pa3 OTK33blRaJIC5 01 npI1shy
CYlKAaeMbIX eMY JIHTCpaTypHbIX npeMI1 H B aCTHOCTI1 OT npeCTI1lKHOH npeMI111 ITC XooqJTa
OH KOJIJIeKI[110HI1pOBaJI neaTHble MaUlI1HKI1 H JIlO6HJI KOUleK BOCXHUlaJIC5 TBopeCTBOM
M YJIbTaTYJIH 3HaMeHHToro rOJIJIaH[lCKOrO nHCaTeJI~ Cepe[lI1HbI XIX B JIHHrBHCTHeCKOH
TeopHeH aBCTpHiicKOro centHJIOCOcenta tepe[lHI-IbI XX B JI BHTre HlIITCHHa H centpaHlY3CK0I1 KYJIbshy
TYPOI1
B CBoeM pa3Ho06pa3HOM TBOpCCTBe XepM3HC pa3pa60TaJI MHoro BalKHblX TeM B TOM
HCJIe H centHJIOCOcentCKHe OHTOJIOrWleCKHe 11 rHOCeOJIorl1eCKl1e BonpOCbI (onpe[leJIeHHe rpashy
HI1I[ n03HaBaeM OCTH 06beKTI1BHOCTb HaYIHOrO 3HaHH~) OAHOH H3 l[eHTpaJIbHblX TeM B TBOpshy
leCTBe XepMaHca ~BJI~eTC5 TeMa CTaHOBJIeHI1~ rep05 BOCnpl15Tl1e 11M OKpYlKalomero Ml1pa
nonbITKa npe O[lOJIeHI15 3K3HCTeHI[HaJlbHOrO Kpl13Hca Ml1p OKPYlKalOllHH 1eJIOBeKa Xepshy
MaHC npHHMJIelKamHI1 K nOKOJIeHI1IO 3K3HCTeHIHlaJUlCTOB BocnpHHHMaeT KaK xaoc B HeM
HeB03MOlKHO 06HapYlKl1Tb CHCTeMY H nOp~[lOK MMeHHO n03TOMY KalK[lbIl1 qeJIOBeK BbIHYlKshy
[leH caM C03[laBaTb Te BbI[lYMblBaTb HeKHtI nOp~[lOK HeKYIO MHcentHCCKYIO ynop~[loeIflylO
peaJIbHOCTb 1T06bI XOTb KaK-TO BbIlKl1Tb B 3TOM Ml1pC Ho no XepMaHCY pa30lapOBaHHe Heshy
1136elKHO H B onpeleJIeH HblH MOMeHT 1eJIOBeK caM Tep5eTC~ B 3TOM BbIlYMaHHOM MI1pe rro
TOH npOCTOH npl1I1He ITO 3TOT MHp He MOlKeT COOTBeTCTBOBaTb leHCTBI1TeJIbHOCTH cymeshy
CTBYlOmeH 06beKTI1BHO MHp xaoca HerrO[lBJIaCTe H BOJIe eJIOBCKa
Ha npOT~lKeHHH [lOJIrOH TBopeCKOH lKI13HI1 TCMaTI1Ka rrp0113Be[leH I1H XepMaHca CYshy
IueCTBeHHO He MeH~JIaCb OH O[lHalK[lbI 3a~BI1JI TO rrpm-a[lJIelKI1T K TeM nI1CaTeJIHM KOTOshy
pbIe rrOCTOHHHO nmnYT O[lHY Ii TY lKe KHHry Te nOCTO~HHO OCBemalOT O[lHY H TY lKe rrp06JIeshy
My E[lHHCTBeHHoe pa3JII1I1C COCTOHT B CTI1J1I1CTI1K~ centopMe CCJII1 ero paHHl1e rrp0I13Be[leH~~ 6blJIH B 3HaI1TeJIbHOH Mepe centaHTaCTI1eCKHMI1 11 CIOppeaJII1CTI1eCKI1MI1 TO rr03[lHl1e pOMashy
HbI rrpl106peJI I1 60JIee peaJII1CTI1eCKI1H 06JII1K
llaHHa5 CTaTb5 nOCB~lleHa OlHOMY 113 paHHI1X paCCKa30B BcD XepMaHca laquollOKTOP
KJlOHlaHKraquo ony6JII1KOBaHHOMY B caMOM nepBOM C60pHI1Ke HOBeJIJI H paCCKa30B laquo 3JIQH YMblshy
14
CCJI H gtI c nOgtlHMaHHCraquo 1948 r B CMIOJIllepC OlllH H3 Kpymleihlll1X HCCJIeilOBaTeJICH TBOpqeshy
CTBa X e pMagtlCa xapaKTepH3Y51 3TOT C60PHHK BblneJI5IeT B HeM nBa THna paCCKa30n laquopacshy
CKa3bl-CHbIraquo H laquopeaJIHCTWleCKHe paCCKa3 bl raquo CMIOJInepc YKa3bIBaeT ITO Bce p aCCKa3bl HMeshy
lOT MHOro 06llero B TeMaTWleCKOM acneKTe HO CYlleCTBeHHO OTJlWIaIOTc5Ilwyr OT npyra no
ltjJopM e PaccKa3bl-cHbI K IHCJlY KOTOPblX npHHanJleJKHT laquollOKTOp KJlOHnaHKraquo npenCTaBshy
Jl5llOT C060H HeKYI0 MeTaltjJopy COnepJKaT 3aranKy KaK n OKa3blBaeT CMIOJlnepC B OCIOBY
3THX p aCCKa30B nOJlOJKeHbl C06bITH5I He 5IBJl5l1OllHeC5I 06beKTHBHbIM OTpaJKeHHeM neHCTBHshy
TeJlbHOCTH PaCCKa3-CO H nOBecTByeT 0 He3aMeTHbl X HeBl1nHMblX npoueccax KOTopble nposhy
I1CXOn5lT Ha ypOBHe nonC03HaHI151 rep05l 113 06beKTHBHOH peaJlbHOCTH aBTOp 3aHMcTByeT
Te 06pa3bl CHMBOJlbl C nOMOllblO KOTOPblX MOI-YT 6blTb OJIHueTBOpeHbl HeBHnHMble nposhy
ueCCbl nonc03HaHH5I PaccKa3 laquollOKTOp KJlOHna KKraquo OTHOC5I llHHC5I K TaKHM paCCKa3aMshy
CHaM lIpenCTaBJl5leT C060H 6JleCT5IllHH 06pa3eu nOBecTBOBaHH5I KOTopoe TaHT B ce6e HCshy
CKOJlbKO cOnepJKaTeJlbHbIX ypoBHeH IIonblTaeMc5I BbI5IBHTb H lIpOaHaJlH311pOBaTb y pOBHH
3TOro p accKa3a
C onHoH CTOPOHbl B paccKa3e onHcaHbl C06bITI151 KOTopble BnOJlHe MOrJIH 6bl lIPOH30HTH
B p eaJIbHOH JKI13HH ITO COCTaBJl5leT peaJIHCTHleCKHH ypOBeHb npOlTeHH5I CIOJKeT paCCKa3a
BblCTpa l1 BaeTCll CJlenYIOllHM 06pa30M MOJlOnOM 1eJIOBeK cTyneHT-HenOYlKa ltlgtJlOPHC KaJIshy
MaHC lIpHXOnHT K cBoeMY cTapoMY YHHBepCHTeTCKOMY npyry - Bpaly XeHM eJIpeHKY TOT 6eshy
p eT ero C co60]1 Ha Bb130H K HeH3JIe1HM O 60JIbHOH neBY WKe C lIapaJl WIOM 06eHx Hor - JIHJIH
Bo BpeM5I OCMOTpa XeKMeJlpeHK lIpenCTaBJIlleT KaJIMaHCa nOKTOpOM KJlOHnaHKoM CTOHT
OTMeTHT b ITO HMeHa XeHMeJIpeHK H K JIOHlaHK llBJlllIOTCll rOBOpllllI1MI1 XeMMeJlpeMK
(Hemelrijk) 0603HaqaeT laquo u apcTBO He6ec Hoeraquo A HOBoe I1Mll KaJIMaHCa KJIOHlaMK (Klondyke )
accoUI1HpyeTcll C Ha3BaHHeM 30JlOTOrO npHHCKa Ha AJIllCKe OKa3blBaeTcll ltlgtJIOpHC paHbwe
JIlO611JI JIHJII1 OH Ha1I1HaeT Jle1I1Tb ee HanellCb Ha BbI3nOpOBJl e HHe IIpI1MeHll51 CBOM HOBbIM
MeTOn OH n06HBaeTcll 3Ha1HTeJlbHbIX ycnexoB B ee Jle1eHHH B 3TOM eMY nOMoraeT M aCCaJKI1shy
CTKa ceCTpa ltlgteppo Q ep e3 HeKoTopoe BpeMll nOKTOp KJIOHnaHK 3a60JleBaeT caM He HaBellashy
eT JII1JlH a 1ep e3 HeleJI IO 06HapYJKI1BaeT ee npH CMepTH OHa yMHpaeT y Hero Ha p yKax 0611shy
TaTeJlH naHCHOHa B KOTOPOM OHa JKHJla 06BHHlllOT B 3TOM 10KTOpa KJIOHnaMKa IIoCKOJIbKY y
Hero HeT nOKTOpCKOrO nHn JlOMa 1T06bI 3ap erHCTpHpOBaTb CMepTb OH HUleT XeHMeJIpeMKa
HO He HaxonHT CaIHTC5I B noe3n H eleT K MOplO
AH aJlH3 paCCKa3a naeT B03MOJKHOCTb npOlTeHH5I ltjJI1JIOCOltjJCKOM IWHuenUHH XepMaHshy
ca KOTOpa51 OCHOBblBaeTC5I Ha c Boe06pa3HOH Bapl1aUI1H 113BeCTHoro BO MHorHX KyJlbTypax C
n peBHeHWI1X BpeMeH npouecca HHI1Ul1a UI1H r JIaBHoro r ep05l l1HHUHaUHeM npHH5ITO Ha3bIshy
BaTb n epeXon I1HnHBHna 113 onHOr o cTaTyca B n p y roH BKJlI01eHl1e ero B HeKOTopbIM 3aMKshy
HYTbIH Kpyr JII1U (B HCJIO n OJnlOnpaBHbI X JleHOB nJleMeHI1 B MYJKCKOH Co03 330TepH1eCshy
KHH KyJlbT Kpyr JKpeUOB waMaHOB 11 T 11) l1HHlIHaUHll 0603HaaeT 3K311 CTeHU l1aJlbHbIM
MOMeHT n epeXona OT leTCKOro COCT05lHI151 B ltjJa3y neTOpOJKneHH5I nJlOIOpOIHOCTI1 ho noshy
CB5Ille HH e COCTOHT H3 Tpex 3TanOB 1) IlcTynJleHHe repo51 Ha Teppl1TOpHIO CB5I lleHHOro Meshy
CTa rne npOHCXOIHT nOCB5IlleHHe 2) norpYJKeHHe B He6bITHe BO BpeM5I KOToporo repoH
yMHpaeT KaK pe6eHoK 3) B03 pOJKneHI1e 10HOWH YJKe KaK MYJKI1HbI KaK HOCHT eJl51 KyJlbTyshy
pbI n JleMe HH
l1HI1UHaUH5I B MHltjJax OTpaJKaeT n epexon nOCB5IllaeMoro H3 OIHOM 06lleCTBeHHOH rpynshy
nbI B npyrylO cBoe06pa3HYIO laquoKOCM113aUHIOraquo JlHIHOCTI1 r ep05l nOKHnaIOllero OIHOpOnHYIO
06llHOCTb JKeHllHH H AeTeH Ho C HHHUHHpyeMblM npOHCXonHT TaKJKe OHTOJlOrHy eCKOe 113shy
MeHeHHe ITO n03nHee HaxonHT BblpaJKeHl1e B OC03HaHHoH n e p eMe He BHeWHero cTaTyca B
COBpeMeHJiOM npO1TeJiHH XepMaHca npouecc I1HHuHaUHH H3MeJieH COrJlaCHO XepMaHCY B
COBpeMeHHOM MHpe HHl1UHa UH5I npHBonHT K npH06lleJiHIO K 3K3HCTeHUHaJlbHOM HeYBepeHshy
15
HOCTI1 HropaJI H TpeTb5 centa3bI (rrorPY)I(emle B KOCMI1leCKoe He6bITI1e 11 B03pO)l(AeHI1e repo5 B
HOBOM cTaTyce) B KOHuenUHH XepMaHca MeIUlJOTC5I MeCTaMH - repOH CHalaJIa MY)I(aeT a rroshy
TOM rrorpY)I(aeTC5I B He6bITHe H nepBHIHbIH xaoc BMeCTO B03pO)l(AeHH5I
B HCCJIeAOBaHH5IX 6eJIbfHHCKOro JIHTepaTypOBella M LlIonbH HarJI5IlIHO lIeMOHCTpl1shy8PyeTC5I KaK pa3BHBaeTC5I cueHapHH I1HHUHaUI1H Y XepMaHca fJIaBHblH repOH CTpeMHTC5I K
HleaJIY 6YlIb TO rrOJ1(K HCTHHbI c06CTBeHHOH HlIeHTHIHOCTI1 caMOpeaJIH3aUH5I CTaHOBJleHl1e
JIHIHOCTH rrorrhITKa H306peTeHH5I HJIH OTKphITH5I 1ero-JIH60 HOBoro Ho rrOCTerreHHO repo51
rrOCTHraeT pa30lapOBaHHe ITO BhI3bIBaeT 1YBCTBO OTIY)l(leHH5I repOM OC03HaeT ITO OH Bceshy
rna rrpe6hIBaJI H 6YleT rrpe6bIBaTb B xaoce
ITpOCJIelHM KaKI1M 06pa30M 11306pa)l(eHa I1HHUl1aUI151 repo51 B paccKa3e laquoLlOKTOP KnOHshy
lIaMKraquo
fJlaBHhIM r epOM cDJIOPHC KaJIMaHC KaKI1M ero BI1lHT 1I1TaTeJIh B HalaJIe paccKa3a OlHshy
HOK OH HHIeM He CB53aH Ho BMeCTe C TeM OleBI1lHO HaCKOJIbKO Ba)l(eH lJI5I Hera 06pa3 AOKTOshy
pa XeHMeJIpeHKa OH - ell1HCTBeHHhIH lpyr KaJIMaHCa e Iue CO cTYleHIeCKl1x BpeMeH KaJIshy
MaHC TaK H He 3aKOHIHJI Kypca H He rrOJIylI1JI lOKTOpCKoro ll1rrJIOMa B TO BpeM5I KaK
XeHMeJIpeMK - orrhTTHbTH rrpaKTI1KyJOlll1H Bpal KaJIMaHC HI1 K 1eMY 11 HI1 K KOMY He rrpHB5Ishy
3aH OlHaKO OH I1CnbITbIBaeT rroTpe6HOCTb B 061leHI111 C XeHMeJIpeT1KOM OH XOleT 1T06bI TOT
era nOH5IJI H nOMor eMy
XeMMeJIpeMK 5IBJ15IeTC5I B onpelleJIeHHOM OTHOWeHHI1 nepCOHa)l(eM KOTOPhIM aCCOUI1Hshy
pyeTc5I lJI5I KaJIMaHCa C 06pa30M OTua l1MeHHo XeHMeJIpeHK npl1lyMaJI eMY HOBoe HM5I shy
lOKTOP KJIOHlaMK OH 6YKBaJIhHO C031(aJI H3 Hero HOBora 1eJIOBeIia Ha XeirMeJIpeirKa XOleT
6hITb Terreph rroxO)l( KJIOHl(airK OH CTaJII(JI5I Hera I1l(eaJIOM I1MeHHO era HY)l(HO y6el(HTh KJIOHshy
lIaMKY B cBoeir rrpaBoTe H TaKHM 06pa30M rrpeB30iiTH ero HaHTH ce651 H peaJIH30BaTbC5I
Ho Bce )I(e repoir KaJIMaHC Terrepb rroll HOBhIM HMeHeM 1(0KTOpa KJIOHl(airKa OCTaeTC5I
B a6COJIJOTHOM H30JI5IUHI1 Koma OH HalI1HaeT JIelI1Th JIHJIH OH He HaXOl(l1T nOllIep)l(KH y
XeMMeJIpeHKa HHKTO He BCpHT B ero MeTOI( lJT06hI peaJIl130BaTbC5I KJIOHl(aMKY He06xol(HMO
I(OKa3aTh l(eircTBeHHOCTb CBoera MeTOl(a Le BbIJlelHTb JII1JII1 H C I(pyrair CTOPOHbI npeB30Mshy
TI1 TaKHM 06pa30M XeirMeJIpeirKa-OTL(a EMY lTD KaK 6Yl(TO YllaeTC5J JIHJIH nOCTeneHHO BbI3shy
1(0paBJIHBaeT HeCMOTp5J Ha TO ITO MHorl1e BpalI1 B TOM 1HCJIe XeirMeJIpeMK CIHTaJIH ee 60shy
JIe3Hb 6e3Hale)l(HhIM CJIYlaeM Ho B TOT MOMeHT KOrlIa nocJle CMepTH JIHJlH KJlOHl(aMKY
nO-HaCT05JlleMY HY)l(Ha rrOMOllh XeirMeJlpeirKa TOT 6eCCJlelIHO I1Cle3aeT TaKHM 06pa30M
XeHMeJlpeMK rrpel(aeT KJlOHlIairKa 11 KaK B 60JlhWI1HCTBe np0l13Bel(eHI1H XepMaHca centHrypa
OTua (KaK 3eMHoro TaK H He6ecHora) CTaHOBI1TC5I aM6I1BaJleHTHoM
B npouecce I1HI1UHaUHH CTaHOBJleHH5I rcpo51 Ba)l(HhI TaK)I(e OTHOlleHH5I KaJlMaHCa -
KJlOHlIaMKa C )I(eHIlI1HaMH B lIaHHOM paccKa3e CTOHT BhIlIeJlHTh lIBa )I(eHCKHX 06pa3a - JIHJlH
H Mel(CeCTphI cDeppo JIHJlH - 06beKT cTpacTH KJlOHlIairKa H Ta PMH Koro OH npelInpHHHMashy
eT norrbITKY caMopeaJII13aUHH MellcecTpa cDeppo - rrepCOHa)l( KOTOPbIir accoUHHpyeTc5I C
CeCTpOH
T eM a oTHoweHHH Me)l(l(Y 6paToM H ceCTpoH Hepel(KO 3BylHT B TBOpleCTBe XepMaHca
TaK repoH XepMaHca laCTO CT05lT nepel( BhI60pOM - MHp cecTpbI HJlI1 MHp cynep3ro1II MHP
cecTphI OJIHueTBOp5leT C060M naCCHBHoe cYlleCTBOBaHHe rrocJlywaHHe p0lHTeJl5lM noCTOshy
5IHHyJO MOPaJIbHYIo 3aBHcHMoCTb OT MHeHH5I cecTphI repoM BCerlIa HaXOI(HTC5I rrolI ee IIaBJleshy
HHeM MelCeCTpa cDeppo He BepHT B MeTOl K JlOHlairKa nbITaeTC5I rrepey6elIHTh era OlHaKO
OH Olep)l(HBaeT rr06eAY Hal laquoceCTpoir~ H B KOHue KOHUOB OHa corJlaWaeTC5I npHMeHHTb era
HOBbIM MeTOl MelIeCTpa cDeppo KaK H lOKTOP XeHMeJlpeirK - HeOlH0311alHbIH 06pa3 C OI(HOH CTOPOHhI OHa nOHalaJIY HaCTpoeHa npOTHB rep05l OH lIOJl)l(eH ee llepey6el(HTb Ilpeshy
16
B30HTH npHleM Ha ee lKe laquoTeppHTOpHHraquo H o B TO lKe BpeM)I OHa - e1(HHCTBeHHblrl 1eJlOBeK
KTO 1(eHCTBHTeJlbHO CTapaeTC)I nOMOlb KJlOfllai1xy
K JIHJlI1 K JlOH1(aHK TaKlKe I1cnblTblBaeT aM611BaJleHTHbIe 1YBCTBa LlYMa)l 0 HeH OH
CMeeTC)I 11 nJlaleT OlflOBpeMeHHO KOr1(a-TO OHa YH11311J1a e r o 11 Tenepb OH KaJaJlOCb 6bl MOshy
lKeT ToplKeCTBOBaTb BI11()I ee YHl1lKeHl1e OH npelCTaBJI)leT ce6e ITO ee 60JIe3Hb - lTO B03shy
MOlKHO CJle1(CTBHe ero npOKJI)lTb)l
CTYlleHT cnaqaJla 3aCMe~JlC Hall CUOIIM npellnOJlOgtKeHl1eM HO n OToM YgtKe nepelliluepblo 1l0Ma
THXO 3an) laKLlJI B ellb OH ei1 TaKor o HIfKorna He )KellaJI Eft CTOJIb npeKpac Hoii H ewe CTQJlb JOHo~iI 2
OH npOlu aeT ee 11 nbITaeTC)I nOBepl1Tb B IIX B03MOlKHoe CJaCTJII1BOe 6Y1(y wee H JlIOshy
60Bb H o B cpHJIOCOcpCKOi1 KOHuenUl111 XepMaHca B3al1MHa)l Jl1060Bb cnoc06Ha)l 06J1epII1Tb
cywecTBoBalm e 1eJIOBeKa B MHpe xaoca B eB03MOlKHa ee npocTo HeT TaK II B 3TOM paccKa3e
repoH 06pele Hbl Ha HeCIaCTbe JII1J111 y AmpaeT a 1(OKTOP K JlOH1(ai1K KOTOPbIH B CYWHOCTH 11
He )I BJI)leTC)I 1(OKTOpOM He B COCTO)lHI1 I1 ee c nacTJoI ITbITa)lCb HaHTI1 CBOH MeTO1( JlCIeHI1)1 H
CnaCTI1 JIHJlI1 K JIOH1(ai1K nbITaeTC)I C03laTb CBOIO ynop)l1(OlelmYIO HO MHcpl11eCKY IO peaJlbshy
HOCTb VI HeCMOTp)I Ba TO ITO Ha KaKOM-TO 3Tane OH l06I1BaeTC)I ycnexa non blTKa 06peleHa
Ha Kpax hoT paccKa3 oTpalKaeT TaKHM 06pa30M KO HuenUl11o X epMaHca - repOH Be MOlKeT
3asepWHTb npouecc HBHlHaUI1H Oll B e nepe pOlKlaeTC)I OB B03BpawaeTC)I B xaoc
KpOMe peanHCTI1 1eCKoro 11 CPI1J10cocpCKoro paccKa3 3aKJlIOIaeT B ce6e B03MOlKHOCTb
TpeTbero npOlTeHI1)1 Ih06bl Bbl)lBI1 Tb 3TOT TpeTI1H laquoCJlOHraquo TeKcTa YleJIYIM BHI1MamIe HeKOshy
TOPbl M HappaTOJIOrl11eCKI1M acn eKTaM paccKa3a
COrJlaCHO KOHuenUIm XepMaHca p aCCKa3 11J111 pOMal He MOlKeT 6blTb 1l0CTOBepHblM
oT06palKeImeM leHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTI1 KOTOPYIO Bo06we HeB03MOlKHO onHcaTb HJlH o T06pa3HTb
EIlHBCTBeHHoe ITO MOlKeT npelJlOlKHTb B CBoeM npOH3 BeleHIII1 n l1CaTeJlb - aTO ero c06CTBeHshy
Hoe BHleHHe MHpa C BOII np0l13 Be1(eml)l X e pMaHC Bcer)(a CTapaeTCiI HaleJIHTb 1eTKO i1 CTPYKshy
TYPOH n OTOMY ITO B p eaJlbHOH leHCTBl1TeJlbBOCTI1 ee HeT J1106a)l KOMn 03HUHOHHa5I i CTaJlb
lO~lKH a BbInOJlH)l Tb CPYHKUH10 C03llaHI1)1 UeJIOCTHOCTH 11 ynop51lOl e nHOCTI1 Bcero np0I13Beshy
leHH)I
Ha KOM n 03HUl10HHOM y pOBHe MOlKHO npOCJlelHTb ITO paCCKa3 XOTb H He pa3)(eJleH na
rJIaBbl HO HeCOMHeHHO BKJl IOraCT B ce6)13Kcn03HUHoimylO 1aCTb ( pa3rOBOp KaJlM a HCa C X eHshy
~leJlperlKOM B ero npHeM Hoi1) 3aBil3KY (BCTpeCla C JIHJIH B naHCUOHe Mecppay ltDenTe) p a3pashy
60TKY ( JIeIeHHe JII-IJIH) KYJIbMHHaUI1IO ( CMepTb J1~IJlH) H pa3BH3KY (repOHnpH C3lKaeT Ha
n06epelKbC) M O)I(HO npOCJ1 ellHTb KaK reporl COBepmaeT HeKoe rrYTewecTBHe - H3 rrpl1eMHoi1 bull
KOMHaTbl lOKTOpa X eHMeJlp ei1Ka B nanCHOH Mecppay ltDeHTe 11 B KOHue KOHUOB OKa3bIBaeTCiI
Ha n06ep elKbe B naBCHOHe C HHM npOHcxOilHT MeTaMOPCP03a OB npeBpa uaeTC5I B lOKTOpa
KJlOHllaHKa H B CBoeM BOBOM cTaTyce fiblTaeTC)I n ocTpoHTb c I1cTeMY H npl1BHeCTH IWP)llOK B
OKp YlKalOWH H 1mp 3aTeM npOI1CXO1(HT p erpeccl1)1 OB OC03HaeT ITO BOKpy r xaoc
B npOH3BeleHHilX XepMaHca BCerla Qpe3BbIIaHHO CYUleCTBe HHO Olll1CaHHe npOCTpaHshy
CTBa ECJlU y lPYrux aBTop OB npOCTpaHCTBeHHblH acneKT onHCaIiHe MeCTa noporl )lBJI)lIOTCiI
leKOpI1pYlOweiJ 1aCTbIO n pOH3Be1(eHl1)1 TO y XepMaBca S 1aCTH OCTH B paCCKa3e laquoLlOKTOP
KJlOH)(aHKraquo npocTpaHcTBo n poCTpaHcTBeHHbIe MOTHBbI 1eTKO BblleJleHbI H CTa HOB)lTC51 BalKshy
HblMH a6CTp aKTHblMH MOTH BaM I1
TaK naHCHOH Meqlpay ltDenTe B KOTOPOM lKHBeT JII1J1H ee KOMHaTa H306palKeHbi YCTshy
pawaIOUIHMH lKyTKI1MI1 LlBepb B 1(OM paCnOJlOlKeHa B ap Ke KOTOPYIO OCBeWalOT orpOMHble
)l pKl1e cpOHapl1 nOTOM Y qTO 1epC3 3Ty apKy npOxOlHT rrOe3l H Ha aTOM nOBopOTe npOHCXOshy
l11T MHOro HeCIaCTHbIX cJlyqaCB Ih06bl IlOL(HilTbCH B KOMHaTY J111J1H He06xOllHMO npOn TH
17
no TeM HOM llepeBHHHOM CKpHnYICM JleCTHl1uelllloMe lKl1BYT CTpaHHble CYMaCUleLU1I1C 60JIbshy
Hble HJII1 H3YBeIeHHble JIIOIlI1 H LOKTOP XeMMeJIpeMK Ha3 bl BaeT 3TOT lTaHCHOH H aCTOHLUHM
a HaTOMHIeCKHM MY3eeM 11
JlJIH XepMaHca xapaKTcpHO ITpOTHBOnOCTaBJIelnle npOCTpaHCTB llaHCHOH HaXOIlHTCH
Ha OKpaHHe ropOlla npaKTHICCKH 3a ero lepToii ITOe31l coellHHHeT LYLUHhIM ropOIl 3aCTpoeH shy
HbIM 6JIOlHbIMH 1l0MaMH C MOPCKHM n06cpelKbeM llOe31l npoe3lKaeT 1epe3 apKY Hall KOTOshy
POM H HaXOIlHTCH KOMHaTa lIHJIH KaK 6bI Ha rpaHl1ue K OMHaTa lIHJIH BCerlla npOTHBOITOCshy
TaBJIHeTCH BHIlY H3 OKHa oc06eHHO BalKHO ITpH 3TOM ITO lIHJIH He B COCTOHHHH llalKe
nOCMOTpeTb B OKHO H YBHlleTb 1TO -Jll160 KpoMe 1eTblpex CTeH nOTOMY lTO npHKOBaHa K ITO-
CTeJIH
o TOM ITO BHIlHO 3a OKHOM lIHJIH paCCKa3hIBaeT 1l0KTOP KJIoHllaMK 3aXOllHLUee Kpacshy
Hoe H KpyrJIOe KaK JIYImiddotta COJIHue HrpaIOLUHe lleTH npH6JImKellHe BeCHbl C HeCKpbIBaeMOH
ropeIbIO lIHJIH 3aMeIaeT laquoAx KaK 6bl H XOTeJIa Bce 3TO CHOBa YBHLeTb H o 51 LOJIlKHa JIelKaTb
3LeCb HenOIlBHlKHO H 6e3MOJIBHO ELl1HCTBeHHoe lTO 51 BHlKY OT p eaJIbJ-IOtI lKH3HH - TYCKshy
Jlbltl oT6JIeCK Ha 060HX~11 (ABTop HCCOMHeHHO HCnOJIb3yeT aJIJII03HIO Ha MHltP llJIaTOHa 0
neLUepe) 113 3Toro ITPOTI1BOIT OCTaBJleHHH OIeBHlleH KOI-lTpaCT LBYX npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIX 06shy
pa30B - 3aKpbITa51 KOMHaTa lIHJIH C TeH5IMI1 Ha CTeHe H MHp 3a OKHOM C Call5lLUHMC5I COJIHueM
06JIaIltaMH H CBelKHM B03nYXOM ABTop HrpaeT Ha 1T03THIeCKHX KOHTpaCTax
TaKoe ITpHCTaJIbHOe BHHMaHH e aBTopa K npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIM MOTH BaM H lpe3 BbIIaH shy
HO n Ollp06Hble OIHCaHHH MeCTa LeHCTBHH H eCOMHeHHO CJIYlKaT CBHlleTeJIbCTBOM TOro ITO
nepeL HaMH rrCHXOMaXHIeCKOe nOBeCTBOBaHHe ChOT TepMHH HCrrOJIb3yeTcH eBponeMCKHshy
MH J111TepaTypOBenaMH IlJIH 0603HaleHHH oc060ro THna nOBeCTBOBaHHH B KOTOPOM ueHTshy
paJlbHaH TeMa - nYUleBHbIM KOHltpJIHKT repOH - HaxonHT OTpalKeHHe BO BHeUlHHX ltpaKTOshy
pax CaMO CJIOBO laquonCHXOMaXH5I raquo npHWJIO H3 aHTHlHOH JIHTepaTypbl rne OHO CJI YlKHJIO
IlJI5I laquo0603HaleHHH oc060ro BHna aJIJlerOpHIeCKOrO npOH3BeJleHHH B KOTOPOM BHYTpeHHHH
KOHltpJIHKT repo51 OTpalKaJICH BO BHeWHHX C06bITH5I X ~ Hi 3 UfMOJIOrHleCKH OHO BOCXOIlHT K
rpeleCKHM CJIOBaM IjIUXll nywa IlYX H ~laXll 60pb6a KOHltpJIHKT TpaLHUHOHlIO B JIHTep aTyshy
pOBeLeHHI1 TepMHH laquo nCHXOMaXH5Iraquo 0603 HaIaJl aJIJl e r OpHleCKOe npOH3 BelleHl1e B ueHTpe
KOTOPOro HaXOLl1TCH JIH60 nyweBHblH KOHltpJIY1KT repOH JIH60 6 0Pb6a L06pOneTeJleM C noshy
pOKaMH
llepBbIM nOJIHOCTblO aJIJIerOpWleCKHM npOH3BenelHleM OITHCblBalOLUHM 60Pb6y n06shy
pOlleTeJIet1 C 1T0pOKaMH HBJI5IeTCH n03Ma HcrraHCKoro n03Ta IV B H 3 llpYlleHlHH laquo llCHXOshy
MaXHHraquo OTrOJIOCKH KOTOPOM CJIbIW aTCH BO MHorHX npOH3BeneHHHX cpenHeBeKOBOM JIHTe pashy
TYPbl BCOBpeMeHHOM JIHTepaTypOBeneHHH npl1HlHn nCHXOMaXHH 1T0JIYlHJI pacnpOCTpaHeHile
KaK npOIlYKTHBHbIM MeTon HCCJIeIlOBaHHH OCHOBaHHbIH Ha paCCMOTpeHHH C06bITI1MHOM CTOshy
POHbl np0l13BeneHHH KaK ITpOeKlHH nyweBHoM60Pb6bl repOH TaK B KJI[Ole nCHXOMaXHH 6eJIbshy
mHCKHH JIHTepaTypOBell M JlIOlTbH npellJIaraeT paCCMaTpHBaTb nalKe HeKOTopble npOH3Beshy
lleHHiI HB [orOJIiI ltDM JlOCTocBCKoro r JllKerlMca a TaKlKe nHCaTeJIeH XX B - ltD KaltpKH
[ Ka3aKa lI 13opxeca ITO KacaeTCH rOJl JIaHIlCKOM JIHTepaTypbI TO 3TOT MeTOIl OKa3blBaeTCiI
HaH60JIee npOnYKTHBHblM npH HCCJIenOBaHI1H TBOpleCTBa nHCaTeJIeH XX B - 13opneBeMKa
CJIaY3pxoltpltPa BeCTlleMKa MIOJIHWa XaMeJIHHKa17
llCI1XOMaXHleCKHl1 ITpHHlHn B c OBpeMeHHoM npOlTeHHI1 TecHeMwHM 06pa30M CBH3aH
C nCHXOJIOrl1leCKHM a HaJIH30M B JIHTepaType ECJlH paccMaTpHBaTb nCI1XOMaXHIO B 06LUeM
CMblCJIe KaK lKaHp npoH3BelleHHH oTpalKaIOlUero 60Pb6y B nywe r epOil TO BbIHCHHTCH ITO
3TOT Tep MHH npHMeHHM K JII060MY npOH3BeneHHIO rne nonHHMaeTCH nCHXOJIOrHIeCKaH nposhy
6JIeMaTH Ka OITHCbIBaeTCH nCHXOJlOrl11eCKHH KOIIltpJIHKT r epOil 6ynb TO nYlUeBHblM KOHltpJIHKT
BO BHYTpeHHeM MHpe repOH HJIH KOHltpJII1KT MelKny repoeM H BHeLUHHM MHPOM npymMH reshy
18
P05MH 06CT05TeJlbCTBaMH OCHXOJlOrWleCKlt15 np06J1eMaTHKa B TpauHUHOIHIOM pOMaHC MOshy
lKeT COAeplKaTbC5 HMnJlI1UI1THO 11 np04l1TblBaTbC5 no nOBeneHI110 rep05 JIH60 lKe 3KCnJlIlshy
UHTHO - B Bl1ne xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1 rep05 113 yCT paCCKa3IHKa I1JIH caMoro nepCOHalKa HJlH lKe
H3 YCT APYfHX repoeB
KaK 6bl TO HI1 6bIJIO nCI1XOJlOfH4eCKa5 np06J1eMaTHKa B Tpanl1UI10HHOM peaJIl1CTWleCshy
KOM pOMaHe OCTaeTC5 JlI1Wb 06beKTOM onHCaHH5 11 He MOlKeT OKa3blllaTb BJlH5HI15 1middotla KOMnoshy
3HUI1IO pOMaHallJl5 nCI1XOMaXI1 H KaK pa3 xapaKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCI1XOMaXWleCKOM pOMashy
He HJlH paCCKa3e nCHXOJlOrWleCKa5 np06J1eManlKa nepeCTaeT 6blTb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBHTC5
cy6beKToM nOnlHH55 ce6e pa3IlI1THe c06bITI1HlleHcTIlI1TeJlbHOCTb BOCnp0I13BOnI1Ma5 B nCI1shy
XOMaxHlecKOM paCCKa3e 11J111 pOMaHe 5BJl5eTC5 He TeaTpOM nJl5 BHYTpeHHem KOHqJlI1KTa
rep05 HO cnoc060M BblpalKeHl1eM 3Toro KOHqJlI1KTa
KaK YKa3blBaeT lllonbl1 TaKa5 pa3pa60TKa npe3eHTa UI15 n CI1XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eshy
MaTHKI1 xapaKTepHa nJl5 aBaHrapnHCTcKoro I1CKyccTBa B n epBY10 olepeAb AJI5 3KcnpeccHoshy
HI13Ma 11 c10ppeaJIH3Ma OOlTOMY AaHHblfl MeTOA oc06emlO npoAYKTI1BeH AJl5 aHaJJI13a JlI1Teshy
p aTypbl XX B VlCnOJlb30BaHl1e npl1HUHna nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKoTopblM npoH3BeAeHH5M aBTopon
XIX B rOBOpl1T 0 TOM ITO 3TI1 aBTopbl onepelKaJlH cnoe BpeM5 nOAHHMa5 pa3pa60TKY nCHshy
XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eMaTHKI1 Ha HOBblH y pOBeHb
VlTaK nCI1XOMaXWleCKIIM noneCTBOBaHHeMB COBpeMeHHOM mlTepaTypOBeAeHHH ClI1shy
TaeTC5TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJIIOCa cy6beKT CwweBHble n epelKl1llaHH5 rep05) H 06beKT (OKpYlKashy
10ma5 AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTb) COBMemeHbl - cy6beKTl1BHOe CKPblTO nOJIHOCTbIO 3a HOBOH KalKyshy
m eHC51 06beKTl1BHOCTbIO ee 11306palKelme npOHCXOAI1T I1CKJlIOIl1TeJlbHO Ha MeTaqopWleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo8 llpyrHMI1 CJI0BaMI1 Bce 3J1eMeHTbl xYAOlKeCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06 bITI15 06beKshy
TI1BHO npOI1CXOn5 IUHe C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX OH OKa3bIBaeTC5 n epCOHalKl1 C KOTOPblMH
OH CTaJlKHBaeTC5 oT06palKaIOT em BHYTpeHHl010 lKH31Ib 5BJI5IOTC5 npOeK1lH5MH BHyTpeHHeshy
ro MHpa nepCOHalKa 06beKTI1BHb1H Ml1p CTalIOBHTCiI 3epKaJIOM BHyTpeHHHx nepelKHBaHI1H
r epoil
M lllOnbH AaeT KJlaCCHqHKaUHlO 3J1eMeHTOB 06beKTI1BIlOrO Ml1pa KOTopble peryJl5pshy
HO HcnOJlb3YIOTC5 B nCI1XOMaXHleCKOM nOBeCTBOBalIl111 11 yqacTBYIOT B 11306palKeHI1l1 BHYTshy
p e1meH 60Pb6bl rep05 3J1eMeHTb1 KOTopb1e oc06eHlIO YA061lb1 AJl5 npOeUl1pOBaHH5 Ha lIHX
nCI1XOJlOrHH nepCOllalKeit TaK nCI1XOMaXHleCKHe p aCCKa3b1 OleHb laCTO nOCTpoe Hb1 Ha MOshy
THBe n e p eMem eHI15 H3 OAHoro npOCTpa HCTBa B A pyroe npHlIUHnHaJlbHO OTJlHlHOe OT nepBOshy
m H MeTaqopWleCKH 3HalHMOe HJlI1 lKe Ha MOTHne npe6bIBaHI15 B nOA06110M lame Bcem
3aKpblTOM MeCTe rAe repOH npe6bIBaroT BpeM eH HO 3TO MOryT 6b1Tb rOCTI1HHUbl TpaKTl1pbl a
B AaHHOM paCCKa3e - n a HCl10H Meqpay lt1gterlTe KOH e4 Hh1M n YHKTOM nYTeweCTBI1H repoeB Il
60JlbWl1HCTBe CJlYlaeB 6bIBa10T nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera nOIOeMOB 3qqeKT B03HHKaeT 3a CleT
npOTI1BOnOCTaBJle HI15 3aMKHYTblX TlmOB npOCTpaHCTBa C031aHHbiX 4eJlOBeKOM OTKPbITbIM
npl1pOIHblM rle uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHlaHK~ repOH B KOHue CBoe ro laquonposhy
CTpaHCTBeHHoro nepeMeme1l15 raquo OKa3blBaeTC5 Ha MOPCKOM n06epelKbe B oKpYlKeHHI1 Heshy
06Y31aHHOH nepBl1lHOI1 CTI1XI1H rle 3aKaHll1BaeTCiI em MeTaMopq03a
MOKpa5 paKymKa npIfBJleKJla ero BHHMaIHle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM 0 nOIH]] ee 11 lleplKa paKy mKy
B pYKe npOCToJI ueJlblH 4ac Bnepl1B B3rJlllil B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 310 BpeMiI paKymKa BbICOXJla 11 KaK
OU HI1 Tep ee pYKaBOM oua 60Jlbme YlKe He 3a6J1eCTeJla
KpOMe npOTHBonOCTaBJleHI15 npocTpaHcTBeHHb1x 06pa30B cYluecTBelmyro POJlb B nCH
XOMaXl1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHl111 I1rpaeT 11 cnoc06 nepeMemeHI15 HeKaiI rtepeMema10ma5 cy6shy
CTaHUI1i1 TaK 06paTl1M BHI1MaHl1e Ha o6pa3 nOe31a B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KnoHlaI1Kraquo C 01shy
19
PORMH 06CTORTeJThCTIlaMH TIcHXOJIOrl1leCKaR np06JJeMaTHKa B TPJHIIHOHHOM pOMaHe MOshy
)(eT cOlle p)(aTbCR HMnJJHUHTHO H npOlHTblBaTbCR no IIOBelleHHlO repOR JII160 )(e 3KCnJJHshy
UHTHO - B BHlle xapaKTepHCTHKH repOIl H3 YCT paCC Ka3IHKa HJIH caM oro n e pCOHa)(a I1JJH )(e
H3 YCT IlPYrHX r epoeB
KaK 6bI TO HH 6bIJJO rrCHXOJJOrHleCKall rrp06JleMaTHKa B TpallHUHOHHOM peaJJHCTHleCshy
KOM pOMa He OCTaeTCIl JlHlIlb 06beKTOM onHcaHHIl 11 He MO)(eT OKa3bIIlaTb BJJHllHHIl Ha KOMnoshy
311UHIO pOMaBa JlJJIl n CHXOMaXHH KaK pa3 xap aKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCHXOMaXHleCKOM pOMashy
lIe I1JJH paCCKa3e nCI1XOJJOrl1IeCKal np06JJeMaTI1Ka n epeCTaeT 6bITb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBI1TCIl
cy6beKToM nOlllHHllR ce6e p a3BI1THe C06bITI1H JleHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTb BocrrpOH3BOllHMal B n CH shy
XOMaXH I eCKOM paCCKa3e HJJI1 pOMaHe llBJJlleTCIl He TeaTpOM llJJIl BHYTpe HHero KOHltjJJJHKTa
r epOll HO cnoc060M Bblpa)KeHHeM 3TOro KOHltjJJJHKTa
K aK YKa3blBaeT JllonbH TaKa51 pa3pa60TKanpe3eHTa UI111 rrCI1XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeshy
MaTI1KH xapaKTepHa llJlll aBaHraplll1CTCKOro HCKYCCTBa Il nepBYIO OIepeLb lIJlll 3KcrrpeCCHOshy
HH3Ma 11 ClOppeaJJl13Ma 103TOMY llaHHhlH ~IeTOlI oc06emlO npOlIYKTI1BeH llJJIl aHaJTH3a JJI1Teshy
paTy pbl XX B 11CnOJJb30BaHl1e npHHUl1na nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKOTopblM np0113SelleH I111M aBTopOB
XIX B roBOPI1T 0 TOM 410 3111 a BTopbl onep e)KaJJI1 CIloe BpeMll rrOllHHMall pa3pa60TKY n CI1 shy
XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeMaTHKI1 Ha HOBbII1 y p OBeHb
11TaK nCI1XOMaXI14eCKHM rrOBeCTIlOBaHl1eMIl COBpeMe HHOM JJllTe p aTypOBelleHl111 C4Hshy
TaeTCIl TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJJlOca cy6beKT (lJyw eBHble rr epe)(I1Bal-IH5I r ep05l) 11 06b eKT (OKpy)(ashy
lomaR lleHCTBI1TeJJbHOCTb) COBMelIleHbl - cy6beKTllBHoe CKPblTO nOJJHOCTblO 3a HOBOH Ka)(yshy
u~eHCR 06beKT1BHOCTbI0 ee 11306pa)(e lmiddotme npOHCXOLHT I1CKJJI0411TeJJbHO H a MeTaltjJopHleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo JlpyrHMH CJIOBaMll Bce 3JJeMeHTbl XYlIO)(eCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06bITHll 06beKshy
THBHO rrpOllCXOllllml1e C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX 011 OKa3blBaeTCIl rre p CO Ila)(ll C KOTOPbl M I1
OB CTaJJJltHBaeTCll oT06pa)(aIOT ero BHYTpeHHlOIO )(113H b llBJJllIOTCIl npOeKUI1RMI1 BHyTpeHHeshy
ro Ml1pa nepCOHa)Ka 06beKTl1BHblH Ml1p CTaHOBHTCIl 3epKaJIOM BHYTpe HIUIX n epe)(I1Ba HHrl
repOIl
M JllOnbli lJaeT KJJaCcnltjJHKaUHlO 3JJ eMe HTOB 06beKTI1BHOrO Mllpa KOTopble peryJJll pshy
HO HCnOJJb3YlOTCil B n CI1XOMaXI14eCKOM rrOBeCTBOBaHl111 11 yltlaCTBYIOT B 11306pa)(eH I111 BHYTshy
p elmeH 60Pb6bl repOll lJJeM eHTbl KOTopbl e oc06emlO YlI06Hbl lIJIll npOeUl1pOBaHlill Ha HI1X
n CI1XOJJorlll1 rrepCOHa)Kew TaK rrCI1XOMaXH4eCKI1e paCCKa3bl 04eHb 1aCTO n OCTpoe HbI Ha MOshy
TI1Be n epeMemeHI111 113 OIlHoro rrpOCTpa HCTBa B IJpyroe rrpI1HUI1I1I1aJJb HO OTJJI14HOe 01 n epBOshy
ro 11 M eTaltjJopHleCKI1 3Ha411Moe I1JJI1 )(e Ha MOTI1Ile npe6bIBaHllll B nOlI06 HOM l a me Bcem
3aKpbITOM MeCTe r lJe repol1 npe6blB3IOT Bp eMeHHO 310 MOryT 6blTb roCT1HHUbI TpaKTl1pbl a
B lIaHHOM paCCKa3e - rraHCHOH MeltjJpay ltDeHTe KOHe4HblM nYHKTOM rrYTe lIleCTBHH repoeB B
60JJblIlllHCTBe CJJY4aeIl6blBaloT nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera IlOllOeMOB 3ltjJltjJeKT Il03HllKaeT 3a Cl eT
npOTI-BOnOCTaBJJeHllll 3aMKHYTblX T1lIIOB npOCTpaHCT Ba C03IJaHHbl X 1eJJO BeKOM OTKPblTbIM
npl1pOIJHblM rlIe uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHlIaHKraquo r epoH B KOHue CBoero laquo l1pOshy
CTpaHCT BeHHoro nepeMe weHI111 raquo OKa3blBaeTCil Ha MOPCKOM n06epe)(b e B oKpy)(eHHH Heshy
06Y3IJaHHOH nepBlllHoi1 CTHXHI1 r lJe 3aKaHlliBaeTCIl ero MeTaMopltjJ03a
MOKPaJI paKyIIIK3 npHBneKJJ3 era BIII1Mamle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM OH nOIlHlIn ee B lleplK3 paKy IIIKy
B pYKe npOCT051Jl u enblH 43C BnepH B B3rnl1l B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 3TO BpeMli paKYIIIKa Bblcoxna H KaK
Oli HB Tep ee p YKanOM Ofla 60nbIIIe YlKe He 3a6necTeJJ3
KpoMe I1pOTHBOnOCTaBJJeH HR npOCTpaHCTBeHllblX 06pa30Il cyIJ~eCTBelIHylO pOJJb B ncw
XOMaXI1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHHH HrpaeT H CI10C06 nepe MemeH Hll He KaR rte p eMema lOmal cy6shy
CTaHUHll TaK 06paTHM IlHllMaHlie Ha 06pa3 110e31Ia B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHllaHKraquo C 011 shy
19
HOH CTOPOHbI nOe311 CDH3bIBaeT roPOII IIYWHbIH 11 rHeTYUIHH C MOPCKI1M n06epelKbeM TaK 11
ltIgtJlOPHC K aJlMaHC CTaBWH~1 Ha BpeMH lOKTOPOM KJlOHII3iiKUM MeITaeT OCD0601l11Tb JIllJlH
113 ee 3aToeHllH B JlYWHOM n aHC110He J1 nOll06HO TOMY K3K nOnbITKH 1I0KTopa KJlOHJlaHKa
06peeHbI Ha Kpax TaK 11 noe311 KaJKYllll1HCH Ha npODIJKeHHH nOTH Dcero paCCKa3a n03HTI1Bshy
HbIM HaaJIOM B KOHlIe npl1HOCI1T JIIOIIHM rope 3a Ml1r JlO CMepTH JhIJm nOe3J1 OCT3HODHJlCH B
apKe TaK KaK npOH30WeJl HeCIaCTHbIH CJlyaH
- 51 Bl1lKY B apKe Ha rrOJlrrYTI1 OCTalOBHJlC)I ooeall - CKaaaJl OH ( IlOKTOp KJlOHlmK) - HaBepshy
Hoe lJTO-TO np0l130IllJIO lt gt - 0 ltigtJlOPHC - rrpOH3HeCJla JIIIJlH- HaBep)lKa rrpOll30WeJl HeCIaCTHhlii cJlY Iaii noe311 H11shy
Koma He OCTaHaBJlHBaeTC)I B apKe 51lYMaJO nOll OOe3111l0naJl CTapHK HJlH pe6eHoK KOHelHO pe6eshy21lHOK
C MbICJlblO 0 nOe3J1e KOTOPbIH np11Hec HeClaCTbe JII1J111 yMl1paeT 11 I1MeHHO 3TOT nOe3J1 n oshy
MoraeT JlOKTOpy KJlOHJlaHKY C6eJKaTb 113 l JaHC110fIa nocJle ee CMepTI1
K aK YJKe rOBOpllJlOCh BbIllle B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHJlaHKraquo CMepTb JIHJlI1 06pa3yeT
KYJl bMHHallHIO - 3MOIlHOHaJIbHbIH KOMn031111110fIHblH 11 TeMaTI1eCKI1 H u eHTpllo 3TOro MOshy
MeHTa C06bITI1H npOI1CxOJlH llllle C K aJlMafICOMKJlOHllaHKOM MorYT 6bITb pacc~IOTpeHbI KaK
COCTaBJlHIOIlll1e npouecca BXOJKJleHllH fJlaBHoro nepCOHaJKa B TaK Ha3bIBaeMYlO TallHCTBeHshy
HYro 06JI aCTb 11 npe6blBaHllH B fIeH J1 nCI1XOMaXllleCKHe nOBeCTBOBaHHH CTPOHTCH laquoHa MOTI1shy
Be noxOlla nepellBllJKe HHH B MeTacentOpl11eCKll HarpYJKeHHOe npOCTpaHCTBO llJlH JKe npe6bIBashy
HHe B HeMgt2 110 MHeHHIO Mllronbl1 nepeMeIlleHlle (Ha JlOJlKe noe3l1e CaMOJleTe n eWKOM)
0603HaaeT JlyxOBHoe nOCBHllleHl1e HHl1l1l1aUlllO 11J111 MeTaMOpcent03y22
TaKI1M 06pa30M paCCKa3 ~lloKTop K JlOHJlaHKraquo MOJKHO npOlI1TaTb KaK B peaJII1CTJ1ecshy
KOM TaK 11 B centI1JlOCOcentCKOM 11 nFI1XOJlOrlleCKOM KJlIOe B 3TOM p aCCKa3e - xapaKTepHaH IIJlH
centJ1JlOCOcentCKOH KOHlIenUI111 X epMaHca np06J1eMa caMOOnpeJleJleHHH repOH npOXOJKlleHl1e HM
npouecca HHllUl1aUl111 11 6eCnJlOJlHbIH nOI1CK nOpHJlKa B xaOTllHOM Ml1pe BOnJlOllleHbl B centopshy
Me COBpeMeHHOH nCI1XOMaXI1I1 COeJlI1HHlOllleH B ce6e rJly60KYIO nCllXOJlOrl11eCKYIO pa3pa6oTKY
11 oco6yIO cyrrecTI1BHOCTb T aKaH MHOrOCJlOHHOCTb 11 3aW11centPOBaHHOCTb TeKCTa npeJlCTaBJlHshy
lOT C060H BaJKHYIO IepTY n 03TI1KI1 3HaMeHI1TOrO Hl1l1epJla HJlCKOrO pOMaHI1CTa BI1J1JleMa ltIgtpeshy
lIepl1Ka XepMaHca
I B 1981 r 13 C60PIIHKC COI3PCMClllltUl IIHIICp Jla lf) lCKafl 1I 0IlCJIJla (M) 6bIJII-1 o lly6JIH KOna llhi IlCPCBOtlhl lnyx
ere pallmlX 1I0Be)I)1 q3JICKTpOTcpamuu H ltllloKTop KJIOIIJlaHK KroMe Taro BM JI Bltlgt X cpM allca YIJOMHlIaCTCfI [J
KpaTKOH JlHTcpaTyplloB JI I I IH KJIQIICJIMH H IiOJlb llJ OH COIJCTCKO ) IIIIH KJlonC1I H H
2 CHel le llH 0 6HOrpa~gtHH H TBOP4CCTIJC mICaTCJI) 1I04cpnllYThi 113 CJl eJlyIOlIl~I X I1CTOllHl1(On Glaudemans W WE Hermans II Kritisch lit Icx Novcmber 1988 P 1-18 CTaThH lIa J1I1TCJ1 I1 CT-ca~iTax wwwliTTnairnl H
wwwb[J1oa nl OT 20102005 Glaudemans W WF Hermans P 7-9 bull Smulders W Met de linker- en rechterhand geschreven Wilem Frederik Hermans en de Ii teraire conventies
Verboden toegang essays over het werk van Wilem Frederik Hermans gcvolgd door een vraaggesprek met de schrijvcr IOnder redacti e van l W Smulders Utrecht 1989 P84- 121
lt Ihid 6 nOlPo61ICCCM MH(I)oJIOrHlCCKH~i Cllouaph l PClt EM MCJICTHIICKHH M 1992 MellemullcKUu EM n03THKa
MJ1~)a M 1976 lt1gtp33ep iIl 30JIOTafi OCTOlgt J1 CCJICJlOl3aIlHC ManlH H pCJIHIl1J1 I n cp call M 1983 2-c U3Jl
allUaae M PeH rMH ABCTpaJHH CIl6 1998 Smulders W Paulina (Au pair) vers ierd of misbruikt Nederlandse letterkunde 2005Jg 10 N 3 september
P 174- 175
20
11 Dupuis M Hcrmltlns dynlI11ick de roTllflnwcrcld van v F Hcrmans Hassclt 1985 J TcMa COIICp lll-l-lCCTl1a C OTllOM UJ1I1I1CpCOllaaltCM ltlCCO IUIHPY IOIIUmiddotIMCJI COTIlOrI lHlUKTC51 m a YII Mo ii II THOpYCCTnC
XcpMalica llmt Toro YT06hl repoii n anlCJI cc61 UCTIJI CltlMOCTCHlTCJlhllhIM CMY IIco6xOiliHIO npcnmiiTl-1 crlOcroOTlla 110 I) TO)KC IJPCM51 OTellflllJUICTCH I l) IH IICro II CaJIOM K CO)l(aJICIHIIO ncc 1I01lh1TKI1 rcpml IIpcniO imiddotiT H OT Illt1 IVIII XOHI
O hl 1I0PIII1HlThC51 c III1M 06pCYCIlbi J1JlCaJI OT1J II ClOCnDK UM (06 rrOtol CM Dupuis M Hermans dynamick P 213shy214)
FOlltijnJj HA Zuster en superego Raster 1971 S P280-296 11 3 Ta TCMaTHYCCKaH JIHIIIIH aIlToOUOrpa(l lHlJ lla POJnrreJnl XcpMalica Deema CTalH1JHI CM Y II Ilp l-IM Cp cra ceCTpy
Kapl lClIl110 KOTOp~j1 BIIOCJICICTIIIIImiddotI IIOKOIIYImiddotlJla )KU31 1h CltlfllOy611MCrDaM
Il Helmans WF Het grate mcdclijdcn Vcrzamclclc novcllcn Amsterdam 2002 P 129 Ibid P 125 Ibid P 131 133 15 0 IICHXOMaXI1H CM Dupuis M Dc psyche in dc spiegelkamcr psychomachic in ltIe hcdcndaagse roman Gcnt
2000 De donkere kamer van Damoklcs als psychomachie Vcrhoden toegang P 122-154 IIi 0 IIOWITImiddotHI ltIlCI1XOMaXI-UI Igt CM Dupuis M De psyche in de spicgclkamcr Ibid P 15 Ibid P 130 Herman WF Het grote medelijdcn P 144 Ibid P 140 Dupuis M De psyche in de spiegclkamcr P 133 22 Ibid
C-raTb llocrYlU1Jla n pCJlpoundlKIlHIO 27 qJCBpaJIH 2006 r
Page 2
HbIM 6paTOM nOKOHJl1JIa lKH3Hh ca~lOy611HCTBOM TO HeCO~1HeHHO nOBJJl1~JIO l-Ja centOpMllpOBashy
HHe JII1HOCTH XapMaHca
B ceHT~6pe 1940 r XepMaiIc nOCTymw B AMCTep[laMCKI1I1 YHlfBepcHTeT Ha centaKYJIbshy
TeT COI[110JIOrHl1 3TOT BbI60p 6blJl CeJIaH no[l BJrl111UleM OT1a CaM OH XOTeJI 113yaTb centHshy
311eCKYIO reorpacentHlo K eMY 11 npHcTy nl1JI lepe3 ro[l ITOJIYI1B CTeneHb [lOKTOpa B 1958 r
XepMaHc yeXaJl B fpOHl1HreH r[le npenO[laBaJl cent113wlecKYlo reorpacentHIO B YHHBepGlTeTe B
1973 r OH yBOJIHJIC~ H HaBCer[la nepeexaJI B ITapHlK T06bl nOJIHOCTblO nOCB~THTb ce6~
JIHTepaTYpc
CaMblMH nepBblMH JJl1TepaTypHblMH onblTaM H XepMaHca 6bIJIl1 oepKH CTI1XOTBOpeshy
HH~ 11 paccKa3bI KOTopble OH ny6JlI1KOBaJI B UlKOJlbHOH ra3CTe HaaJIOM lKe HaCT05ILI[eH JIHshy
TepaTypHoH KapbepbI MOlKHO CI1TaTb BbIXO[l B CBeT pOMaHa 4 KoHce pBblraquo B 1947 r XepMaHc
113[laBaJIC~ MHoro 11 JaCTO no[l MHorOI1CJIeHHbIMI1 nCeB[lOHHMaMI1 6hlJI pe[laKTOpOM JlI1Teshy
paTypHblX lKypHaJIOB HeO[lHOKpaTHo ero KIUlrH Bbl3blBaJIH OCTpble cnopbl l1[le6aTbI TaK 113 shy
3a aHTHKaTOJII1eCKHX Bbllla[lOH B pOMaHe laquo 51 BCer[la npaBraquo XepM3HC [lOJIlKeH 6blJI npe[lCTaTb
nepe[l CY[lOM B 1952 r B 1970-x HM~ XepMaHca 6blJIO Y Bcex Ha YCTax B CB~3H C KOHcentJIHKTOM
C H3[laTeJIbCTBOM BaH 0PCXOTraquo n CpeI13[laBaBUlHM np0I13Be[leHH~ XepMaHca B HeOTpC[laKshy
THpOBaHHOM BH[lC CKaH[laJIbHYIO 113BeCTHOCTb npl1HeC XepMaHcy H C60PHHK 4MaH[lapl1Hbl B
ceplI0I1 KHCJJOTeraquo 1963 r - C60PHHK cT3TefI B KOTOPOM OH Kpl1Tl1KyeT BI1[lHbIX KYJIbTypHbIX
[le~TeJleH B pOMaHe laquoCpe[l11 npocenteccopoBraquo 1975 r X epMaHc CaTl1pWIeCKH I1306palKaeT nposhy
centeccopcKYIO cpeAY fpolHIHreHcKoro YHHBCpCI1TeTa
XepMaHc 6blJl HeOp[lI1HapHOH JII1HOCTblO OH HeCKOJIbKO pa3 OTK33blRaJIC5 01 npI1shy
CYlKAaeMbIX eMY JIHTCpaTypHbIX npeMI1 H B aCTHOCTI1 OT npeCTI1lKHOH npeMI111 ITC XooqJTa
OH KOJIJIeKI[110HI1pOBaJI neaTHble MaUlI1HKI1 H JIlO6HJI KOUleK BOCXHUlaJIC5 TBopeCTBOM
M YJIbTaTYJIH 3HaMeHHToro rOJIJIaH[lCKOrO nHCaTeJI~ Cepe[lI1HbI XIX B JIHHrBHCTHeCKOH
TeopHeH aBCTpHiicKOro centHJIOCOcenta tepe[lHI-IbI XX B JI BHTre HlIITCHHa H centpaHlY3CK0I1 KYJIbshy
TYPOI1
B CBoeM pa3Ho06pa3HOM TBOpCCTBe XepM3HC pa3pa60TaJI MHoro BalKHblX TeM B TOM
HCJIe H centHJIOCOcentCKHe OHTOJIOrWleCKHe 11 rHOCeOJIorl1eCKl1e BonpOCbI (onpe[leJIeHHe rpashy
HI1I[ n03HaBaeM OCTH 06beKTI1BHOCTb HaYIHOrO 3HaHH~) OAHOH H3 l[eHTpaJIbHblX TeM B TBOpshy
leCTBe XepMaHca ~BJI~eTC5 TeMa CTaHOBJIeHI1~ rep05 BOCnpl15Tl1e 11M OKpYlKalomero Ml1pa
nonbITKa npe O[lOJIeHI15 3K3HCTeHI[HaJlbHOrO Kpl13Hca Ml1p OKPYlKalOllHH 1eJIOBeKa Xepshy
MaHC npHHMJIelKamHI1 K nOKOJIeHI1IO 3K3HCTeHIHlaJUlCTOB BocnpHHHMaeT KaK xaoc B HeM
HeB03MOlKHO 06HapYlKl1Tb CHCTeMY H nOp~[lOK MMeHHO n03TOMY KalK[lbIl1 qeJIOBeK BbIHYlKshy
[leH caM C03[laBaTb Te BbI[lYMblBaTb HeKHtI nOp~[lOK HeKYIO MHcentHCCKYIO ynop~[loeIflylO
peaJIbHOCTb 1T06bI XOTb KaK-TO BbIlKl1Tb B 3TOM Ml1pC Ho no XepMaHCY pa30lapOBaHHe Heshy
1136elKHO H B onpeleJIeH HblH MOMeHT 1eJIOBeK caM Tep5eTC~ B 3TOM BbIlYMaHHOM MI1pe rro
TOH npOCTOH npl1I1He ITO 3TOT MHp He MOlKeT COOTBeTCTBOBaTb leHCTBI1TeJIbHOCTH cymeshy
CTBYlOmeH 06beKTI1BHO MHp xaoca HerrO[lBJIaCTe H BOJIe eJIOBCKa
Ha npOT~lKeHHH [lOJIrOH TBopeCKOH lKI13HI1 TCMaTI1Ka rrp0113Be[leH I1H XepMaHca CYshy
IueCTBeHHO He MeH~JIaCb OH O[lHalK[lbI 3a~BI1JI TO rrpm-a[lJIelKI1T K TeM nI1CaTeJIHM KOTOshy
pbIe rrOCTOHHHO nmnYT O[lHY Ii TY lKe KHHry Te nOCTO~HHO OCBemalOT O[lHY H TY lKe rrp06JIeshy
My E[lHHCTBeHHoe pa3JII1I1C COCTOHT B CTI1J1I1CTI1K~ centopMe CCJII1 ero paHHl1e rrp0I13Be[leH~~ 6blJIH B 3HaI1TeJIbHOH Mepe centaHTaCTI1eCKHMI1 11 CIOppeaJII1CTI1eCKI1MI1 TO rr03[lHl1e pOMashy
HbI rrpl106peJI I1 60JIee peaJII1CTI1eCKI1H 06JII1K
llaHHa5 CTaTb5 nOCB~lleHa OlHOMY 113 paHHI1X paCCKa30B BcD XepMaHca laquollOKTOP
KJlOHlaHKraquo ony6JII1KOBaHHOMY B caMOM nepBOM C60pHI1Ke HOBeJIJI H paCCKa30B laquo 3JIQH YMblshy
14
CCJI H gtI c nOgtlHMaHHCraquo 1948 r B CMIOJIllepC OlllH H3 Kpymleihlll1X HCCJIeilOBaTeJICH TBOpqeshy
CTBa X e pMagtlCa xapaKTepH3Y51 3TOT C60PHHK BblneJI5IeT B HeM nBa THna paCCKa30n laquopacshy
CKa3bl-CHbIraquo H laquopeaJIHCTWleCKHe paCCKa3 bl raquo CMIOJInepc YKa3bIBaeT ITO Bce p aCCKa3bl HMeshy
lOT MHOro 06llero B TeMaTWleCKOM acneKTe HO CYlleCTBeHHO OTJlWIaIOTc5Ilwyr OT npyra no
ltjJopM e PaccKa3bl-cHbI K IHCJlY KOTOPblX npHHanJleJKHT laquollOKTOp KJlOHnaHKraquo npenCTaBshy
Jl5llOT C060H HeKYI0 MeTaltjJopy COnepJKaT 3aranKy KaK n OKa3blBaeT CMIOJlnepC B OCIOBY
3THX p aCCKa30B nOJlOJKeHbl C06bITH5I He 5IBJl5l1OllHeC5I 06beKTHBHbIM OTpaJKeHHeM neHCTBHshy
TeJlbHOCTH PaCCKa3-CO H nOBecTByeT 0 He3aMeTHbl X HeBl1nHMblX npoueccax KOTopble nposhy
I1CXOn5lT Ha ypOBHe nonC03HaHI151 rep05l 113 06beKTHBHOH peaJlbHOCTH aBTOp 3aHMcTByeT
Te 06pa3bl CHMBOJlbl C nOMOllblO KOTOPblX MOI-YT 6blTb OJIHueTBOpeHbl HeBHnHMble nposhy
ueCCbl nonc03HaHH5I PaccKa3 laquollOKTOp KJlOHna KKraquo OTHOC5I llHHC5I K TaKHM paCCKa3aMshy
CHaM lIpenCTaBJl5leT C060H 6JleCT5IllHH 06pa3eu nOBecTBOBaHH5I KOTopoe TaHT B ce6e HCshy
CKOJlbKO cOnepJKaTeJlbHbIX ypoBHeH IIonblTaeMc5I BbI5IBHTb H lIpOaHaJlH311pOBaTb y pOBHH
3TOro p accKa3a
C onHoH CTOPOHbl B paccKa3e onHcaHbl C06bITI151 KOTopble BnOJlHe MOrJIH 6bl lIPOH30HTH
B p eaJIbHOH JKI13HH ITO COCTaBJl5leT peaJIHCTHleCKHH ypOBeHb npOlTeHH5I CIOJKeT paCCKa3a
BblCTpa l1 BaeTCll CJlenYIOllHM 06pa30M MOJlOnOM 1eJIOBeK cTyneHT-HenOYlKa ltlgtJlOPHC KaJIshy
MaHC lIpHXOnHT K cBoeMY cTapoMY YHHBepCHTeTCKOMY npyry - Bpaly XeHM eJIpeHKY TOT 6eshy
p eT ero C co60]1 Ha Bb130H K HeH3JIe1HM O 60JIbHOH neBY WKe C lIapaJl WIOM 06eHx Hor - JIHJIH
Bo BpeM5I OCMOTpa XeKMeJlpeHK lIpenCTaBJIlleT KaJIMaHCa nOKTOpOM KJlOHnaHKoM CTOHT
OTMeTHT b ITO HMeHa XeHMeJIpeHK H K JIOHlaHK llBJlllIOTCll rOBOpllllI1MI1 XeMMeJlpeMK
(Hemelrijk) 0603HaqaeT laquo u apcTBO He6ec Hoeraquo A HOBoe I1Mll KaJIMaHCa KJIOHlaMK (Klondyke )
accoUI1HpyeTcll C Ha3BaHHeM 30JlOTOrO npHHCKa Ha AJIllCKe OKa3blBaeTcll ltlgtJIOpHC paHbwe
JIlO611JI JIHJII1 OH Ha1I1HaeT Jle1I1Tb ee HanellCb Ha BbI3nOpOBJl e HHe IIpI1MeHll51 CBOM HOBbIM
MeTOn OH n06HBaeTcll 3Ha1HTeJlbHbIX ycnexoB B ee Jle1eHHH B 3TOM eMY nOMoraeT M aCCaJKI1shy
CTKa ceCTpa ltlgteppo Q ep e3 HeKoTopoe BpeMll nOKTOp KJIOHnaHK 3a60JleBaeT caM He HaBellashy
eT JII1JlH a 1ep e3 HeleJI IO 06HapYJKI1BaeT ee npH CMepTH OHa yMHpaeT y Hero Ha p yKax 0611shy
TaTeJlH naHCHOHa B KOTOPOM OHa JKHJla 06BHHlllOT B 3TOM 10KTOpa KJIOHnaMKa IIoCKOJIbKY y
Hero HeT nOKTOpCKOrO nHn JlOMa 1T06bI 3ap erHCTpHpOBaTb CMepTb OH HUleT XeHMeJIpeMKa
HO He HaxonHT CaIHTC5I B noe3n H eleT K MOplO
AH aJlH3 paCCKa3a naeT B03MOJKHOCTb npOlTeHH5I ltjJI1JIOCOltjJCKOM IWHuenUHH XepMaHshy
ca KOTOpa51 OCHOBblBaeTC5I Ha c Boe06pa3HOH Bapl1aUI1H 113BeCTHoro BO MHorHX KyJlbTypax C
n peBHeHWI1X BpeMeH npouecca HHI1Ul1a UI1H r JIaBHoro r ep05l l1HHUHaUHeM npHH5ITO Ha3bIshy
BaTb n epeXon I1HnHBHna 113 onHOr o cTaTyca B n p y roH BKJlI01eHl1e ero B HeKOTopbIM 3aMKshy
HYTbIH Kpyr JII1U (B HCJIO n OJnlOnpaBHbI X JleHOB nJleMeHI1 B MYJKCKOH Co03 330TepH1eCshy
KHH KyJlbT Kpyr JKpeUOB waMaHOB 11 T 11) l1HHlIHaUHll 0603HaaeT 3K311 CTeHU l1aJlbHbIM
MOMeHT n epeXona OT leTCKOro COCT05lHI151 B ltjJa3y neTOpOJKneHH5I nJlOIOpOIHOCTI1 ho noshy
CB5Ille HH e COCTOHT H3 Tpex 3TanOB 1) IlcTynJleHHe repo51 Ha Teppl1TOpHIO CB5I lleHHOro Meshy
CTa rne npOHCXOIHT nOCB5IlleHHe 2) norpYJKeHHe B He6bITHe BO BpeM5I KOToporo repoH
yMHpaeT KaK pe6eHoK 3) B03 pOJKneHI1e 10HOWH YJKe KaK MYJKI1HbI KaK HOCHT eJl51 KyJlbTyshy
pbI n JleMe HH
l1HI1UHaUH5I B MHltjJax OTpaJKaeT n epexon nOCB5IllaeMoro H3 OIHOM 06lleCTBeHHOH rpynshy
nbI B npyrylO cBoe06pa3HYIO laquoKOCM113aUHIOraquo JlHIHOCTI1 r ep05l nOKHnaIOllero OIHOpOnHYIO
06llHOCTb JKeHllHH H AeTeH Ho C HHHUHHpyeMblM npOHCXonHT TaKJKe OHTOJlOrHy eCKOe 113shy
MeHeHHe ITO n03nHee HaxonHT BblpaJKeHl1e B OC03HaHHoH n e p eMe He BHeWHero cTaTyca B
COBpeMeHJiOM npO1TeJiHH XepMaHca npouecc I1HHuHaUHH H3MeJieH COrJlaCHO XepMaHCY B
COBpeMeHHOM MHpe HHl1UHa UH5I npHBonHT K npH06lleJiHIO K 3K3HCTeHUHaJlbHOM HeYBepeHshy
15
HOCTI1 HropaJI H TpeTb5 centa3bI (rrorPY)I(emle B KOCMI1leCKoe He6bITI1e 11 B03pO)l(AeHI1e repo5 B
HOBOM cTaTyce) B KOHuenUHH XepMaHca MeIUlJOTC5I MeCTaMH - repOH CHalaJIa MY)I(aeT a rroshy
TOM rrorpY)I(aeTC5I B He6bITHe H nepBHIHbIH xaoc BMeCTO B03pO)l(AeHH5I
B HCCJIeAOBaHH5IX 6eJIbfHHCKOro JIHTepaTypOBella M LlIonbH HarJI5IlIHO lIeMOHCTpl1shy8PyeTC5I KaK pa3BHBaeTC5I cueHapHH I1HHUHaUI1H Y XepMaHca fJIaBHblH repOH CTpeMHTC5I K
HleaJIY 6YlIb TO rrOJ1(K HCTHHbI c06CTBeHHOH HlIeHTHIHOCTI1 caMOpeaJIH3aUH5I CTaHOBJleHl1e
JIHIHOCTH rrorrhITKa H306peTeHH5I HJIH OTKphITH5I 1ero-JIH60 HOBoro Ho rrOCTerreHHO repo51
rrOCTHraeT pa30lapOBaHHe ITO BhI3bIBaeT 1YBCTBO OTIY)l(leHH5I repOM OC03HaeT ITO OH Bceshy
rna rrpe6hIBaJI H 6YleT rrpe6bIBaTb B xaoce
ITpOCJIelHM KaKI1M 06pa30M 11306pa)l(eHa I1HHUl1aUI151 repo51 B paccKa3e laquoLlOKTOP KnOHshy
lIaMKraquo
fJlaBHhIM r epOM cDJIOPHC KaJIMaHC KaKI1M ero BI1lHT 1I1TaTeJIh B HalaJIe paccKa3a OlHshy
HOK OH HHIeM He CB53aH Ho BMeCTe C TeM OleBI1lHO HaCKOJIbKO Ba)l(eH lJI5I Hera 06pa3 AOKTOshy
pa XeHMeJIpeHKa OH - ell1HCTBeHHhIH lpyr KaJIMaHCa e Iue CO cTYleHIeCKl1x BpeMeH KaJIshy
MaHC TaK H He 3aKOHIHJI Kypca H He rrOJIylI1JI lOKTOpCKoro ll1rrJIOMa B TO BpeM5I KaK
XeHMeJIpeMK - orrhTTHbTH rrpaKTI1KyJOlll1H Bpal KaJIMaHC HI1 K 1eMY 11 HI1 K KOMY He rrpHB5Ishy
3aH OlHaKO OH I1CnbITbIBaeT rroTpe6HOCTb B 061leHI111 C XeHMeJIpeT1KOM OH XOleT 1T06bI TOT
era nOH5IJI H nOMor eMy
XeMMeJIpeMK 5IBJ15IeTC5I B onpelleJIeHHOM OTHOWeHHI1 nepCOHa)l(eM KOTOPhIM aCCOUI1Hshy
pyeTc5I lJI5I KaJIMaHCa C 06pa30M OTua l1MeHHo XeHMeJIpeHK npl1lyMaJI eMY HOBoe HM5I shy
lOKTOP KJIOHlaMK OH 6YKBaJIhHO C031(aJI H3 Hero HOBora 1eJIOBeIia Ha XeirMeJIpeirKa XOleT
6hITb Terreph rroxO)l( KJIOHl(airK OH CTaJII(JI5I Hera I1l(eaJIOM I1MeHHO era HY)l(HO y6el(HTh KJIOHshy
lIaMKY B cBoeir rrpaBoTe H TaKHM 06pa30M rrpeB30iiTH ero HaHTH ce651 H peaJIH30BaTbC5I
Ho Bce )I(e repoir KaJIMaHC Terrepb rroll HOBhIM HMeHeM 1(0KTOpa KJIOHl(airKa OCTaeTC5I
B a6COJIJOTHOM H30JI5IUHI1 Koma OH HalI1HaeT JIelI1Th JIHJIH OH He HaXOl(l1T nOllIep)l(KH y
XeMMeJIpeHKa HHKTO He BCpHT B ero MeTOI( lJT06hI peaJIl130BaTbC5I KJIOHl(aMKY He06xol(HMO
I(OKa3aTh l(eircTBeHHOCTb CBoera MeTOl(a Le BbIJlelHTb JII1JII1 H C I(pyrair CTOPOHbI npeB30Mshy
TI1 TaKHM 06pa30M XeirMeJIpeirKa-OTL(a EMY lTD KaK 6Yl(TO YllaeTC5J JIHJIH nOCTeneHHO BbI3shy
1(0paBJIHBaeT HeCMOTp5J Ha TO ITO MHorl1e BpalI1 B TOM 1HCJIe XeirMeJIpeMK CIHTaJIH ee 60shy
JIe3Hb 6e3Hale)l(HhIM CJIYlaeM Ho B TOT MOMeHT KOrlIa nocJle CMepTH JIHJlH KJlOHl(aMKY
nO-HaCT05JlleMY HY)l(Ha rrOMOllh XeirMeJlpeirKa TOT 6eCCJlelIHO I1Cle3aeT TaKHM 06pa30M
XeHMeJlpeMK rrpel(aeT KJlOHlIairKa 11 KaK B 60JlhWI1HCTBe np0l13Bel(eHI1H XepMaHca centHrypa
OTua (KaK 3eMHoro TaK H He6ecHora) CTaHOBI1TC5I aM6I1BaJleHTHoM
B npouecce I1HI1UHaUHH CTaHOBJleHH5I rcpo51 Ba)l(HhI TaK)I(e OTHOlleHH5I KaJlMaHCa -
KJlOHlIaMKa C )I(eHIlI1HaMH B lIaHHOM paccKa3e CTOHT BhIlIeJlHTh lIBa )I(eHCKHX 06pa3a - JIHJlH
H Mel(CeCTphI cDeppo JIHJlH - 06beKT cTpacTH KJlOHlIairKa H Ta PMH Koro OH npelInpHHHMashy
eT norrbITKY caMopeaJII13aUHH MellcecTpa cDeppo - rrepCOHa)l( KOTOPbIir accoUHHpyeTc5I C
CeCTpOH
T eM a oTHoweHHH Me)l(l(Y 6paToM H ceCTpoH Hepel(KO 3BylHT B TBOpleCTBe XepMaHca
TaK repoH XepMaHca laCTO CT05lT nepel( BhI60pOM - MHp cecTpbI HJlI1 MHp cynep3ro1II MHP
cecTphI OJIHueTBOp5leT C060M naCCHBHoe cYlleCTBOBaHHe rrocJlywaHHe p0lHTeJl5lM noCTOshy
5IHHyJO MOPaJIbHYIo 3aBHcHMoCTb OT MHeHH5I cecTphI repoM BCerlIa HaXOI(HTC5I rrolI ee IIaBJleshy
HHeM MelCeCTpa cDeppo He BepHT B MeTOl K JlOHlairKa nbITaeTC5I rrepey6elIHTh era OlHaKO
OH Olep)l(HBaeT rr06eAY Hal laquoceCTpoir~ H B KOHue KOHUOB OHa corJlaWaeTC5I npHMeHHTb era
HOBbIM MeTOl MelIeCTpa cDeppo KaK H lOKTOP XeHMeJlpeirK - HeOlH0311alHbIH 06pa3 C OI(HOH CTOPOHhI OHa nOHalaJIY HaCTpoeHa npOTHB rep05l OH lIOJl)l(eH ee llepey6el(HTb Ilpeshy
16
B30HTH npHleM Ha ee lKe laquoTeppHTOpHHraquo H o B TO lKe BpeM)I OHa - e1(HHCTBeHHblrl 1eJlOBeK
KTO 1(eHCTBHTeJlbHO CTapaeTC)I nOMOlb KJlOfllai1xy
K JIHJlI1 K JlOH1(aHK TaKlKe I1cnblTblBaeT aM611BaJleHTHbIe 1YBCTBa LlYMa)l 0 HeH OH
CMeeTC)I 11 nJlaleT OlflOBpeMeHHO KOr1(a-TO OHa YH11311J1a e r o 11 Tenepb OH KaJaJlOCb 6bl MOshy
lKeT ToplKeCTBOBaTb BI11()I ee YHl1lKeHl1e OH npelCTaBJI)leT ce6e ITO ee 60JIe3Hb - lTO B03shy
MOlKHO CJle1(CTBHe ero npOKJI)lTb)l
CTYlleHT cnaqaJla 3aCMe~JlC Hall CUOIIM npellnOJlOgtKeHl1eM HO n OToM YgtKe nepelliluepblo 1l0Ma
THXO 3an) laKLlJI B ellb OH ei1 TaKor o HIfKorna He )KellaJI Eft CTOJIb npeKpac Hoii H ewe CTQJlb JOHo~iI 2
OH npOlu aeT ee 11 nbITaeTC)I nOBepl1Tb B IIX B03MOlKHoe CJaCTJII1BOe 6Y1(y wee H JlIOshy
60Bb H o B cpHJIOCOcpCKOi1 KOHuenUl111 XepMaHca B3al1MHa)l Jl1060Bb cnoc06Ha)l 06J1epII1Tb
cywecTBoBalm e 1eJIOBeKa B MHpe xaoca B eB03MOlKHa ee npocTo HeT TaK II B 3TOM paccKa3e
repoH 06pele Hbl Ha HeCIaCTbe JII1J111 y AmpaeT a 1(OKTOP K JlOH1(ai1K KOTOPbIH B CYWHOCTH 11
He )I BJI)leTC)I 1(OKTOpOM He B COCTO)lHI1 I1 ee c nacTJoI ITbITa)lCb HaHTI1 CBOH MeTO1( JlCIeHI1)1 H
CnaCTI1 JIHJlI1 K JIOH1(ai1K nbITaeTC)I C03laTb CBOIO ynop)l1(OlelmYIO HO MHcpl11eCKY IO peaJlbshy
HOCTb VI HeCMOTp)I Ba TO ITO Ha KaKOM-TO 3Tane OH l06I1BaeTC)I ycnexa non blTKa 06peleHa
Ha Kpax hoT paccKa3 oTpalKaeT TaKHM 06pa30M KO HuenUl11o X epMaHca - repOH Be MOlKeT
3asepWHTb npouecc HBHlHaUI1H Oll B e nepe pOlKlaeTC)I OB B03BpawaeTC)I B xaoc
KpOMe peanHCTI1 1eCKoro 11 CPI1J10cocpCKoro paccKa3 3aKJlIOIaeT B ce6e B03MOlKHOCTb
TpeTbero npOlTeHI1)1 Ih06bl Bbl)lBI1 Tb 3TOT TpeTI1H laquoCJlOHraquo TeKcTa YleJIYIM BHI1MamIe HeKOshy
TOPbl M HappaTOJIOrl11eCKI1M acn eKTaM paccKa3a
COrJlaCHO KOHuenUIm XepMaHca p aCCKa3 11J111 pOMal He MOlKeT 6blTb 1l0CTOBepHblM
oT06palKeImeM leHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTI1 KOTOPYIO Bo06we HeB03MOlKHO onHcaTb HJlH o T06pa3HTb
EIlHBCTBeHHoe ITO MOlKeT npelJlOlKHTb B CBoeM npOH3 BeleHIII1 n l1CaTeJlb - aTO ero c06CTBeHshy
Hoe BHleHHe MHpa C BOII np0l13 Be1(eml)l X e pMaHC Bcer)(a CTapaeTCiI HaleJIHTb 1eTKO i1 CTPYKshy
TYPOH n OTOMY ITO B p eaJlbHOH leHCTBl1TeJlbBOCTI1 ee HeT J1106a)l KOMn 03HUHOHHa5I i CTaJlb
lO~lKH a BbInOJlH)l Tb CPYHKUH10 C03llaHI1)1 UeJIOCTHOCTH 11 ynop51lOl e nHOCTI1 Bcero np0I13Beshy
leHH)I
Ha KOM n 03HUl10HHOM y pOBHe MOlKHO npOCJlelHTb ITO paCCKa3 XOTb H He pa3)(eJleH na
rJIaBbl HO HeCOMHeHHO BKJl IOraCT B ce6)13Kcn03HUHoimylO 1aCTb ( pa3rOBOp KaJlM a HCa C X eHshy
~leJlperlKOM B ero npHeM Hoi1) 3aBil3KY (BCTpeCla C JIHJIH B naHCUOHe Mecppay ltDenTe) p a3pashy
60TKY ( JIeIeHHe JII-IJIH) KYJIbMHHaUI1IO ( CMepTb J1~IJlH) H pa3BH3KY (repOHnpH C3lKaeT Ha
n06epelKbC) M O)I(HO npOCJ1 ellHTb KaK reporl COBepmaeT HeKoe rrYTewecTBHe - H3 rrpl1eMHoi1 bull
KOMHaTbl lOKTOpa X eHMeJlp ei1Ka B nanCHOH Mecppay ltDeHTe 11 B KOHue KOHUOB OKa3bIBaeTCiI
Ha n06ep elKbe B naBCHOHe C HHM npOHcxOilHT MeTaMOPCP03a OB npeBpa uaeTC5I B lOKTOpa
KJlOHllaHKa H B CBoeM BOBOM cTaTyce fiblTaeTC)I n ocTpoHTb c I1cTeMY H npl1BHeCTH IWP)llOK B
OKp YlKalOWH H 1mp 3aTeM npOI1CXO1(HT p erpeccl1)1 OB OC03HaeT ITO BOKpy r xaoc
B npOH3BeleHHilX XepMaHca BCerla Qpe3BbIIaHHO CYUleCTBe HHO Olll1CaHHe npOCTpaHshy
CTBa ECJlU y lPYrux aBTop OB npOCTpaHCTBeHHblH acneKT onHCaIiHe MeCTa noporl )lBJI)lIOTCiI
leKOpI1pYlOweiJ 1aCTbIO n pOH3Be1(eHl1)1 TO y XepMaBca S 1aCTH OCTH B paCCKa3e laquoLlOKTOP
KJlOH)(aHKraquo npocTpaHcTBo n poCTpaHcTBeHHbIe MOTHBbI 1eTKO BblleJleHbI H CTa HOB)lTC51 BalKshy
HblMH a6CTp aKTHblMH MOTH BaM I1
TaK naHCHOH Meqlpay ltDenTe B KOTOPOM lKHBeT JII1J1H ee KOMHaTa H306palKeHbi YCTshy
pawaIOUIHMH lKyTKI1MI1 LlBepb B 1(OM paCnOJlOlKeHa B ap Ke KOTOPYIO OCBeWalOT orpOMHble
)l pKl1e cpOHapl1 nOTOM Y qTO 1epC3 3Ty apKy npOxOlHT rrOe3l H Ha aTOM nOBopOTe npOHCXOshy
l11T MHOro HeCIaCTHbIX cJlyqaCB Ih06bl IlOL(HilTbCH B KOMHaTY J111J1H He06xOllHMO npOn TH
17
no TeM HOM llepeBHHHOM CKpHnYICM JleCTHl1uelllloMe lKl1BYT CTpaHHble CYMaCUleLU1I1C 60JIbshy
Hble HJII1 H3YBeIeHHble JIIOIlI1 H LOKTOP XeMMeJIpeMK Ha3 bl BaeT 3TOT lTaHCHOH H aCTOHLUHM
a HaTOMHIeCKHM MY3eeM 11
JlJIH XepMaHca xapaKTcpHO ITpOTHBOnOCTaBJIelnle npOCTpaHCTB llaHCHOH HaXOIlHTCH
Ha OKpaHHe ropOlla npaKTHICCKH 3a ero lepToii ITOe31l coellHHHeT LYLUHhIM ropOIl 3aCTpoeH shy
HbIM 6JIOlHbIMH 1l0MaMH C MOPCKHM n06cpelKbeM llOe31l npoe3lKaeT 1epe3 apKY Hall KOTOshy
POM H HaXOIlHTCH KOMHaTa lIHJIH KaK 6bI Ha rpaHl1ue K OMHaTa lIHJIH BCerlla npOTHBOITOCshy
TaBJIHeTCH BHIlY H3 OKHa oc06eHHO BalKHO ITpH 3TOM ITO lIHJIH He B COCTOHHHH llalKe
nOCMOTpeTb B OKHO H YBHlleTb 1TO -Jll160 KpoMe 1eTblpex CTeH nOTOMY lTO npHKOBaHa K ITO-
CTeJIH
o TOM ITO BHIlHO 3a OKHOM lIHJIH paCCKa3hIBaeT 1l0KTOP KJIoHllaMK 3aXOllHLUee Kpacshy
Hoe H KpyrJIOe KaK JIYImiddotta COJIHue HrpaIOLUHe lleTH npH6JImKellHe BeCHbl C HeCKpbIBaeMOH
ropeIbIO lIHJIH 3aMeIaeT laquoAx KaK 6bl H XOTeJIa Bce 3TO CHOBa YBHLeTb H o 51 LOJIlKHa JIelKaTb
3LeCb HenOIlBHlKHO H 6e3MOJIBHO ELl1HCTBeHHoe lTO 51 BHlKY OT p eaJIbJ-IOtI lKH3HH - TYCKshy
Jlbltl oT6JIeCK Ha 060HX~11 (ABTop HCCOMHeHHO HCnOJIb3yeT aJIJII03HIO Ha MHltP llJIaTOHa 0
neLUepe) 113 3Toro ITPOTI1BOIT OCTaBJleHHH OIeBHlleH KOI-lTpaCT LBYX npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIX 06shy
pa30B - 3aKpbITa51 KOMHaTa lIHJIH C TeH5IMI1 Ha CTeHe H MHp 3a OKHOM C Call5lLUHMC5I COJIHueM
06JIaIltaMH H CBelKHM B03nYXOM ABTop HrpaeT Ha 1T03THIeCKHX KOHTpaCTax
TaKoe ITpHCTaJIbHOe BHHMaHH e aBTopa K npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIM MOTH BaM H lpe3 BbIIaH shy
HO n Ollp06Hble OIHCaHHH MeCTa LeHCTBHH H eCOMHeHHO CJIYlKaT CBHlleTeJIbCTBOM TOro ITO
nepeL HaMH rrCHXOMaXHIeCKOe nOBeCTBOBaHHe ChOT TepMHH HCrrOJIb3yeTcH eBponeMCKHshy
MH J111TepaTypOBenaMH IlJIH 0603HaleHHH oc060ro THna nOBeCTBOBaHHH B KOTOPOM ueHTshy
paJlbHaH TeMa - nYUleBHbIM KOHltpJIHKT repOH - HaxonHT OTpalKeHHe BO BHeUlHHX ltpaKTOshy
pax CaMO CJIOBO laquonCHXOMaXH5I raquo npHWJIO H3 aHTHlHOH JIHTepaTypbl rne OHO CJI YlKHJIO
IlJI5I laquo0603HaleHHH oc060ro BHna aJIJlerOpHIeCKOrO npOH3BeJleHHH B KOTOPOM BHYTpeHHHH
KOHltpJIHKT repo51 OTpalKaJICH BO BHeWHHX C06bITH5I X ~ Hi 3 UfMOJIOrHleCKH OHO BOCXOIlHT K
rpeleCKHM CJIOBaM IjIUXll nywa IlYX H ~laXll 60pb6a KOHltpJIHKT TpaLHUHOHlIO B JIHTep aTyshy
pOBeLeHHI1 TepMHH laquo nCHXOMaXH5Iraquo 0603 HaIaJl aJIJl e r OpHleCKOe npOH3 BelleHl1e B ueHTpe
KOTOPOro HaXOLl1TCH JIH60 nyweBHblH KOHltpJIY1KT repOH JIH60 6 0Pb6a L06pOneTeJleM C noshy
pOKaMH
llepBbIM nOJIHOCTblO aJIJIerOpWleCKHM npOH3BenelHleM OITHCblBalOLUHM 60Pb6y n06shy
pOlleTeJIet1 C 1T0pOKaMH HBJI5IeTCH n03Ma HcrraHCKoro n03Ta IV B H 3 llpYlleHlHH laquo llCHXOshy
MaXHHraquo OTrOJIOCKH KOTOPOM CJIbIW aTCH BO MHorHX npOH3BeneHHHX cpenHeBeKOBOM JIHTe pashy
TYPbl BCOBpeMeHHOM JIHTepaTypOBeneHHH npl1HlHn nCHXOMaXHH 1T0JIYlHJI pacnpOCTpaHeHile
KaK npOIlYKTHBHbIM MeTon HCCJIeIlOBaHHH OCHOBaHHbIH Ha paCCMOTpeHHH C06bITI1MHOM CTOshy
POHbl np0l13BeneHHH KaK ITpOeKlHH nyweBHoM60Pb6bl repOH TaK B KJI[Ole nCHXOMaXHH 6eJIbshy
mHCKHH JIHTepaTypOBell M JlIOlTbH npellJIaraeT paCCMaTpHBaTb nalKe HeKOTopble npOH3Beshy
lleHHiI HB [orOJIiI ltDM JlOCTocBCKoro r JllKerlMca a TaKlKe nHCaTeJIeH XX B - ltD KaltpKH
[ Ka3aKa lI 13opxeca ITO KacaeTCH rOJl JIaHIlCKOM JIHTepaTypbI TO 3TOT MeTOIl OKa3blBaeTCiI
HaH60JIee npOnYKTHBHblM npH HCCJIenOBaHI1H TBOpleCTBa nHCaTeJIeH XX B - 13opneBeMKa
CJIaY3pxoltpltPa BeCTlleMKa MIOJIHWa XaMeJIHHKa17
llCI1XOMaXHleCKHl1 ITpHHlHn B c OBpeMeHHoM npOlTeHHI1 TecHeMwHM 06pa30M CBH3aH
C nCHXOJIOrl1leCKHM a HaJIH30M B JIHTepaType ECJlH paccMaTpHBaTb nCI1XOMaXHIO B 06LUeM
CMblCJIe KaK lKaHp npoH3BelleHHH oTpalKaIOlUero 60Pb6y B nywe r epOil TO BbIHCHHTCH ITO
3TOT Tep MHH npHMeHHM K JII060MY npOH3BeneHHIO rne nonHHMaeTCH nCHXOJIOrHIeCKaH nposhy
6JIeMaTH Ka OITHCbIBaeTCH nCHXOJlOrl11eCKHH KOIIltpJIHKT r epOil 6ynb TO nYlUeBHblM KOHltpJIHKT
BO BHYTpeHHeM MHpe repOH HJIH KOHltpJII1KT MelKny repoeM H BHeLUHHM MHPOM npymMH reshy
18
P05MH 06CT05TeJlbCTBaMH OCHXOJlOrWleCKlt15 np06J1eMaTHKa B TpauHUHOIHIOM pOMaHC MOshy
lKeT COAeplKaTbC5 HMnJlI1UI1THO 11 np04l1TblBaTbC5 no nOBeneHI110 rep05 JIH60 lKe 3KCnJlIlshy
UHTHO - B Bl1ne xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1 rep05 113 yCT paCCKa3IHKa I1JIH caMoro nepCOHalKa HJlH lKe
H3 YCT APYfHX repoeB
KaK 6bl TO HI1 6bIJIO nCI1XOJlOfH4eCKa5 np06J1eMaTHKa B Tpanl1UI10HHOM peaJIl1CTWleCshy
KOM pOMaHe OCTaeTC5 JlI1Wb 06beKTOM onHCaHH5 11 He MOlKeT OKa3blllaTb BJlH5HI15 1middotla KOMnoshy
3HUI1IO pOMaHallJl5 nCI1XOMaXI1 H KaK pa3 xapaKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCI1XOMaXWleCKOM pOMashy
He HJlH paCCKa3e nCHXOJlOrWleCKa5 np06J1eManlKa nepeCTaeT 6blTb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBHTC5
cy6beKToM nOnlHH55 ce6e pa3IlI1THe c06bITI1HlleHcTIlI1TeJlbHOCTb BOCnp0I13BOnI1Ma5 B nCI1shy
XOMaxHlecKOM paCCKa3e 11J111 pOMaHe 5BJl5eTC5 He TeaTpOM nJl5 BHYTpeHHem KOHqJlI1KTa
rep05 HO cnoc060M BblpalKeHl1eM 3Toro KOHqJlI1KTa
KaK YKa3blBaeT lllonbl1 TaKa5 pa3pa60TKa npe3eHTa UI15 n CI1XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eshy
MaTHKI1 xapaKTepHa nJl5 aBaHrapnHCTcKoro I1CKyccTBa B n epBY10 olepeAb AJI5 3KcnpeccHoshy
HI13Ma 11 c10ppeaJIH3Ma OOlTOMY AaHHblfl MeTOA oc06emlO npoAYKTI1BeH AJl5 aHaJJI13a JlI1Teshy
p aTypbl XX B VlCnOJlb30BaHl1e npl1HUHna nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKoTopblM npoH3BeAeHH5M aBTopon
XIX B rOBOpl1T 0 TOM ITO 3TI1 aBTopbl onepelKaJlH cnoe BpeM5 nOAHHMa5 pa3pa60TKY nCHshy
XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eMaTHKI1 Ha HOBblH y pOBeHb
VlTaK nCI1XOMaXWleCKIIM noneCTBOBaHHeMB COBpeMeHHOM mlTepaTypOBeAeHHH ClI1shy
TaeTC5TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJIIOCa cy6beKT CwweBHble n epelKl1llaHH5 rep05) H 06beKT (OKpYlKashy
10ma5 AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTb) COBMemeHbl - cy6beKTl1BHOe CKPblTO nOJIHOCTbIO 3a HOBOH KalKyshy
m eHC51 06beKTl1BHOCTbIO ee 11306palKelme npOHCXOAI1T I1CKJlIOIl1TeJlbHO Ha MeTaqopWleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo8 llpyrHMI1 CJI0BaMI1 Bce 3J1eMeHTbl xYAOlKeCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06 bITI15 06beKshy
TI1BHO npOI1CXOn5 IUHe C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX OH OKa3bIBaeTC5 n epCOHalKl1 C KOTOPblMH
OH CTaJlKHBaeTC5 oT06palKaIOT em BHYTpeHHl010 lKH31Ib 5BJI5IOTC5 npOeK1lH5MH BHyTpeHHeshy
ro MHpa nepCOHalKa 06beKTI1BHb1H Ml1p CTalIOBHTCiI 3epKaJIOM BHyTpeHHHx nepelKHBaHI1H
r epoil
M lllOnbH AaeT KJlaCCHqHKaUHlO 3J1eMeHTOB 06beKTI1BIlOrO Ml1pa KOTopble peryJl5pshy
HO HcnOJlb3YIOTC5 B nCI1XOMaXHleCKOM nOBeCTBOBalIl111 11 yqacTBYIOT B 11306palKeHI1l1 BHYTshy
p e1meH 60Pb6bl rep05 3J1eMeHTb1 KOTopb1e oc06eHlIO YA061lb1 AJl5 npOeUl1pOBaHH5 Ha lIHX
nCI1XOJlOrHH nepCOllalKeit TaK nCI1XOMaXHleCKHe p aCCKa3b1 OleHb laCTO nOCTpoe Hb1 Ha MOshy
THBe n e p eMem eHI15 H3 OAHoro npOCTpa HCTBa B A pyroe npHlIUHnHaJlbHO OTJlHlHOe OT nepBOshy
m H MeTaqopWleCKH 3HalHMOe HJlI1 lKe Ha MOTHne npe6bIBaHI15 B nOA06110M lame Bcem
3aKpblTOM MeCTe rAe repOH npe6bIBaroT BpeM eH HO 3TO MOryT 6b1Tb rOCTI1HHUbl TpaKTl1pbl a
B AaHHOM paCCKa3e - n a HCl10H Meqpay lt1gterlTe KOH e4 Hh1M n YHKTOM nYTeweCTBI1H repoeB Il
60JlbWl1HCTBe CJlYlaeB 6bIBa10T nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera nOIOeMOB 3qqeKT B03HHKaeT 3a CleT
npOTI1BOnOCTaBJle HI15 3aMKHYTblX TlmOB npOCTpaHCTBa C031aHHbiX 4eJlOBeKOM OTKPbITbIM
npl1pOIHblM rle uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHlaHK~ repOH B KOHue CBoe ro laquonposhy
CTpaHCTBeHHoro nepeMeme1l15 raquo OKa3blBaeTC5 Ha MOPCKOM n06epelKbe B oKpYlKeHHI1 Heshy
06Y31aHHOH nepBl1lHOI1 CTI1XI1H rle 3aKaHll1BaeTCiI em MeTaMopq03a
MOKpa5 paKymKa npIfBJleKJla ero BHHMaIHle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM 0 nOIH]] ee 11 lleplKa paKy mKy
B pYKe npOCToJI ueJlblH 4ac Bnepl1B B3rJlllil B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 310 BpeMiI paKymKa BbICOXJla 11 KaK
OU HI1 Tep ee pYKaBOM oua 60Jlbme YlKe He 3a6J1eCTeJla
KpOMe npOTHBonOCTaBJleHI15 npocTpaHcTBeHHb1x 06pa30B cYluecTBelmyro POJlb B nCH
XOMaXl1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHl111 I1rpaeT 11 cnoc06 nepeMemeHI15 HeKaiI rtepeMema10ma5 cy6shy
CTaHUI1i1 TaK 06paTl1M BHI1MaHl1e Ha o6pa3 nOe31a B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KnoHlaI1Kraquo C 01shy
19
PORMH 06CTORTeJThCTIlaMH TIcHXOJIOrl1leCKaR np06JJeMaTHKa B TPJHIIHOHHOM pOMaHe MOshy
)(eT cOlle p)(aTbCR HMnJJHUHTHO H npOlHTblBaTbCR no IIOBelleHHlO repOR JII160 )(e 3KCnJJHshy
UHTHO - B BHlle xapaKTepHCTHKH repOIl H3 YCT paCC Ka3IHKa HJIH caM oro n e pCOHa)(a I1JJH )(e
H3 YCT IlPYrHX r epoeB
KaK 6bI TO HH 6bIJJO rrCHXOJJOrHleCKall rrp06JleMaTHKa B TpallHUHOHHOM peaJJHCTHleCshy
KOM pOMa He OCTaeTCIl JlHlIlb 06beKTOM onHcaHHIl 11 He MO)(eT OKa3bIIlaTb BJJHllHHIl Ha KOMnoshy
311UHIO pOMaBa JlJJIl n CHXOMaXHH KaK pa3 xap aKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCHXOMaXHleCKOM pOMashy
lIe I1JJH paCCKa3e nCI1XOJJOrl1IeCKal np06JJeMaTI1Ka n epeCTaeT 6bITb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBI1TCIl
cy6beKToM nOlllHHllR ce6e p a3BI1THe C06bITI1H JleHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTb BocrrpOH3BOllHMal B n CH shy
XOMaXH I eCKOM paCCKa3e HJJI1 pOMaHe llBJJlleTCIl He TeaTpOM llJJIl BHYTpe HHero KOHltjJJJHKTa
r epOll HO cnoc060M Bblpa)KeHHeM 3TOro KOHltjJJJHKTa
K aK YKa3blBaeT JllonbH TaKa51 pa3pa60TKanpe3eHTa UI111 rrCI1XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeshy
MaTI1KH xapaKTepHa llJlll aBaHraplll1CTCKOro HCKYCCTBa Il nepBYIO OIepeLb lIJlll 3KcrrpeCCHOshy
HH3Ma 11 ClOppeaJJl13Ma 103TOMY llaHHhlH ~IeTOlI oc06emlO npOlIYKTI1BeH llJJIl aHaJTH3a JJI1Teshy
paTy pbl XX B 11CnOJJb30BaHl1e npHHUl1na nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKOTopblM np0113SelleH I111M aBTopOB
XIX B roBOPI1T 0 TOM 410 3111 a BTopbl onep e)KaJJI1 CIloe BpeMll rrOllHHMall pa3pa60TKY n CI1 shy
XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeMaTHKI1 Ha HOBbII1 y p OBeHb
11TaK nCI1XOMaXI14eCKHM rrOBeCTIlOBaHl1eMIl COBpeMe HHOM JJllTe p aTypOBelleHl111 C4Hshy
TaeTCIl TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJJlOca cy6beKT (lJyw eBHble rr epe)(I1Bal-IH5I r ep05l) 11 06b eKT (OKpy)(ashy
lomaR lleHCTBI1TeJJbHOCTb) COBMelIleHbl - cy6beKTllBHoe CKPblTO nOJJHOCTblO 3a HOBOH Ka)(yshy
u~eHCR 06beKT1BHOCTbI0 ee 11306pa)(e lmiddotme npOHCXOLHT I1CKJJI0411TeJJbHO H a MeTaltjJopHleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo JlpyrHMH CJIOBaMll Bce 3JJeMeHTbl XYlIO)(eCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06bITHll 06beKshy
THBHO rrpOllCXOllllml1e C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX 011 OKa3blBaeTCIl rre p CO Ila)(ll C KOTOPbl M I1
OB CTaJJJltHBaeTCll oT06pa)(aIOT ero BHYTpeHHlOIO )(113H b llBJJllIOTCIl npOeKUI1RMI1 BHyTpeHHeshy
ro Ml1pa nepCOHa)Ka 06beKTl1BHblH Ml1p CTaHOBHTCIl 3epKaJIOM BHYTpe HIUIX n epe)(I1Ba HHrl
repOIl
M JllOnbli lJaeT KJJaCcnltjJHKaUHlO 3JJ eMe HTOB 06beKTI1BHOrO Mllpa KOTopble peryJJll pshy
HO HCnOJJb3YlOTCil B n CI1XOMaXI14eCKOM rrOBeCTBOBaHl111 11 yltlaCTBYIOT B 11306pa)(eH I111 BHYTshy
p elmeH 60Pb6bl repOll lJJeM eHTbl KOTopbl e oc06emlO YlI06Hbl lIJIll npOeUl1pOBaHlill Ha HI1X
n CI1XOJJorlll1 rrepCOHa)Kew TaK rrCI1XOMaXH4eCKI1e paCCKa3bl 04eHb 1aCTO n OCTpoe HbI Ha MOshy
TI1Be n epeMemeHI111 113 OIlHoro rrpOCTpa HCTBa B IJpyroe rrpI1HUI1I1I1aJJb HO OTJJI14HOe 01 n epBOshy
ro 11 M eTaltjJopHleCKI1 3Ha411Moe I1JJI1 )(e Ha MOTI1Ile npe6bIBaHllll B nOlI06 HOM l a me Bcem
3aKpbITOM MeCTe r lJe repol1 npe6blB3IOT Bp eMeHHO 310 MOryT 6blTb roCT1HHUbI TpaKTl1pbl a
B lIaHHOM paCCKa3e - rraHCHOH MeltjJpay ltDeHTe KOHe4HblM nYHKTOM rrYTe lIleCTBHH repoeB B
60JJblIlllHCTBe CJJY4aeIl6blBaloT nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera IlOllOeMOB 3ltjJltjJeKT Il03HllKaeT 3a Cl eT
npOTI-BOnOCTaBJJeHllll 3aMKHYTblX T1lIIOB npOCTpaHCT Ba C03IJaHHbl X 1eJJO BeKOM OTKPblTbIM
npl1pOIJHblM rlIe uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHlIaHKraquo r epoH B KOHue CBoero laquo l1pOshy
CTpaHCT BeHHoro nepeMe weHI111 raquo OKa3blBaeTCil Ha MOPCKOM n06epe)(b e B oKpy)(eHHH Heshy
06Y3IJaHHOH nepBlllHoi1 CTHXHI1 r lJe 3aKaHlliBaeTCIl ero MeTaMopltjJ03a
MOKPaJI paKyIIIK3 npHBneKJJ3 era BIII1Mamle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM OH nOIlHlIn ee B lleplK3 paKy IIIKy
B pYKe npOCT051Jl u enblH 43C BnepH B B3rnl1l B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 3TO BpeMli paKYIIIKa Bblcoxna H KaK
Oli HB Tep ee p YKanOM Ofla 60nbIIIe YlKe He 3a6necTeJJ3
KpoMe I1pOTHBOnOCTaBJJeH HR npOCTpaHCTBeHllblX 06pa30Il cyIJ~eCTBelIHylO pOJJb B ncw
XOMaXI1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHHH HrpaeT H CI10C06 nepe MemeH Hll He KaR rte p eMema lOmal cy6shy
CTaHUHll TaK 06paTHM IlHllMaHlie Ha 06pa3 110e31Ia B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHllaHKraquo C 011 shy
19
HOH CTOPOHbI nOe311 CDH3bIBaeT roPOII IIYWHbIH 11 rHeTYUIHH C MOPCKI1M n06epelKbeM TaK 11
ltIgtJlOPHC K aJlMaHC CTaBWH~1 Ha BpeMH lOKTOPOM KJlOHII3iiKUM MeITaeT OCD0601l11Tb JIllJlH
113 ee 3aToeHllH B JlYWHOM n aHC110He J1 nOll06HO TOMY K3K nOnbITKH 1I0KTopa KJlOHJlaHKa
06peeHbI Ha Kpax TaK 11 noe311 KaJKYllll1HCH Ha npODIJKeHHH nOTH Dcero paCCKa3a n03HTI1Bshy
HbIM HaaJIOM B KOHlIe npl1HOCI1T JIIOIIHM rope 3a Ml1r JlO CMepTH JhIJm nOe3J1 OCT3HODHJlCH B
apKe TaK KaK npOH30WeJl HeCIaCTHbIH CJlyaH
- 51 Bl1lKY B apKe Ha rrOJlrrYTI1 OCTalOBHJlC)I ooeall - CKaaaJl OH ( IlOKTOp KJlOHlmK) - HaBepshy
Hoe lJTO-TO np0l130IllJIO lt gt - 0 ltigtJlOPHC - rrpOH3HeCJla JIIIJlH- HaBep)lKa rrpOll30WeJl HeCIaCTHhlii cJlY Iaii noe311 H11shy
Koma He OCTaHaBJlHBaeTC)I B apKe 51lYMaJO nOll OOe3111l0naJl CTapHK HJlH pe6eHoK KOHelHO pe6eshy21lHOK
C MbICJlblO 0 nOe3J1e KOTOPbIH np11Hec HeClaCTbe JII1J111 yMl1paeT 11 I1MeHHO 3TOT nOe3J1 n oshy
MoraeT JlOKTOpy KJlOHJlaHKY C6eJKaTb 113 l JaHC110fIa nocJle ee CMepTI1
K aK YJKe rOBOpllJlOCh BbIllle B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHJlaHKraquo CMepTb JIHJlI1 06pa3yeT
KYJl bMHHallHIO - 3MOIlHOHaJIbHbIH KOMn031111110fIHblH 11 TeMaTI1eCKI1 H u eHTpllo 3TOro MOshy
MeHTa C06bITI1H npOI1CxOJlH llllle C K aJlMafICOMKJlOHllaHKOM MorYT 6bITb pacc~IOTpeHbI KaK
COCTaBJlHIOIlll1e npouecca BXOJKJleHllH fJlaBHoro nepCOHaJKa B TaK Ha3bIBaeMYlO TallHCTBeHshy
HYro 06JI aCTb 11 npe6blBaHllH B fIeH J1 nCI1XOMaXllleCKHe nOBeCTBOBaHHH CTPOHTCH laquoHa MOTI1shy
Be noxOlla nepellBllJKe HHH B MeTacentOpl11eCKll HarpYJKeHHOe npOCTpaHCTBO llJlH JKe npe6bIBashy
HHe B HeMgt2 110 MHeHHIO Mllronbl1 nepeMeIlleHlle (Ha JlOJlKe noe3l1e CaMOJleTe n eWKOM)
0603HaaeT JlyxOBHoe nOCBHllleHl1e HHl1l1l1aUlllO 11J111 MeTaMOpcent03y22
TaKI1M 06pa30M paCCKa3 ~lloKTop K JlOHJlaHKraquo MOJKHO npOlI1TaTb KaK B peaJII1CTJ1ecshy
KOM TaK 11 B centI1JlOCOcentCKOM 11 nFI1XOJlOrlleCKOM KJlIOe B 3TOM p aCCKa3e - xapaKTepHaH IIJlH
centJ1JlOCOcentCKOH KOHlIenUI111 X epMaHca np06J1eMa caMOOnpeJleJleHHH repOH npOXOJKlleHl1e HM
npouecca HHllUl1aUl111 11 6eCnJlOJlHbIH nOI1CK nOpHJlKa B xaOTllHOM Ml1pe BOnJlOllleHbl B centopshy
Me COBpeMeHHOH nCI1XOMaXI1I1 COeJlI1HHlOllleH B ce6e rJly60KYIO nCllXOJlOrl11eCKYIO pa3pa6oTKY
11 oco6yIO cyrrecTI1BHOCTb T aKaH MHOrOCJlOHHOCTb 11 3aW11centPOBaHHOCTb TeKCTa npeJlCTaBJlHshy
lOT C060H BaJKHYIO IepTY n 03TI1KI1 3HaMeHI1TOrO Hl1l1epJla HJlCKOrO pOMaHI1CTa BI1J1JleMa ltIgtpeshy
lIepl1Ka XepMaHca
I B 1981 r 13 C60PIIHKC COI3PCMClllltUl IIHIICp Jla lf) lCKafl 1I 0IlCJIJla (M) 6bIJII-1 o lly6JIH KOna llhi IlCPCBOtlhl lnyx
ere pallmlX 1I0Be)I)1 q3JICKTpOTcpamuu H ltllloKTop KJIOIIJlaHK KroMe Taro BM JI Bltlgt X cpM allca YIJOMHlIaCTCfI [J
KpaTKOH JlHTcpaTyplloB JI I I IH KJIQIICJIMH H IiOJlb llJ OH COIJCTCKO ) IIIIH KJlonC1I H H
2 CHel le llH 0 6HOrpa~gtHH H TBOP4CCTIJC mICaTCJI) 1I04cpnllYThi 113 CJl eJlyIOlIl~I X I1CTOllHl1(On Glaudemans W WE Hermans II Kritisch lit Icx Novcmber 1988 P 1-18 CTaThH lIa J1I1TCJ1 I1 CT-ca~iTax wwwliTTnairnl H
wwwb[J1oa nl OT 20102005 Glaudemans W WF Hermans P 7-9 bull Smulders W Met de linker- en rechterhand geschreven Wilem Frederik Hermans en de Ii teraire conventies
Verboden toegang essays over het werk van Wilem Frederik Hermans gcvolgd door een vraaggesprek met de schrijvcr IOnder redacti e van l W Smulders Utrecht 1989 P84- 121
lt Ihid 6 nOlPo61ICCCM MH(I)oJIOrHlCCKH~i Cllouaph l PClt EM MCJICTHIICKHH M 1992 MellemullcKUu EM n03THKa
MJ1~)a M 1976 lt1gtp33ep iIl 30JIOTafi OCTOlgt J1 CCJICJlOl3aIlHC ManlH H pCJIHIl1J1 I n cp call M 1983 2-c U3Jl
allUaae M PeH rMH ABCTpaJHH CIl6 1998 Smulders W Paulina (Au pair) vers ierd of misbruikt Nederlandse letterkunde 2005Jg 10 N 3 september
P 174- 175
20
11 Dupuis M Hcrmltlns dynlI11ick de roTllflnwcrcld van v F Hcrmans Hassclt 1985 J TcMa COIICp lll-l-lCCTl1a C OTllOM UJ1I1I1CpCOllaaltCM ltlCCO IUIHPY IOIIUmiddotIMCJI COTIlOrI lHlUKTC51 m a YII Mo ii II THOpYCCTnC
XcpMalica llmt Toro YT06hl repoii n anlCJI cc61 UCTIJI CltlMOCTCHlTCJlhllhIM CMY IIco6xOiliHIO npcnmiiTl-1 crlOcroOTlla 110 I) TO)KC IJPCM51 OTellflllJUICTCH I l) IH IICro II CaJIOM K CO)l(aJICIHIIO ncc 1I01lh1TKI1 rcpml IIpcniO imiddotiT H OT Illt1 IVIII XOHI
O hl 1I0PIII1HlThC51 c III1M 06pCYCIlbi J1JlCaJI OT1J II ClOCnDK UM (06 rrOtol CM Dupuis M Hermans dynamick P 213shy214)
FOlltijnJj HA Zuster en superego Raster 1971 S P280-296 11 3 Ta TCMaTHYCCKaH JIHIIIIH aIlToOUOrpa(l lHlJ lla POJnrreJnl XcpMalica Deema CTalH1JHI CM Y II Ilp l-IM Cp cra ceCTpy
Kapl lClIl110 KOTOp~j1 BIIOCJICICTIIIIImiddotI IIOKOIIYImiddotlJla )KU31 1h CltlfllOy611MCrDaM
Il Helmans WF Het grate mcdclijdcn Vcrzamclclc novcllcn Amsterdam 2002 P 129 Ibid P 125 Ibid P 131 133 15 0 IICHXOMaXI1H CM Dupuis M Dc psyche in dc spiegelkamcr psychomachic in ltIe hcdcndaagse roman Gcnt
2000 De donkere kamer van Damoklcs als psychomachie Vcrhoden toegang P 122-154 IIi 0 IIOWITImiddotHI ltIlCI1XOMaXI-UI Igt CM Dupuis M De psyche in de spicgclkamcr Ibid P 15 Ibid P 130 Herman WF Het grote medelijdcn P 144 Ibid P 140 Dupuis M De psyche in de spiegclkamcr P 133 22 Ibid
C-raTb llocrYlU1Jla n pCJlpoundlKIlHIO 27 qJCBpaJIH 2006 r
Page 3
CCJI H gtI c nOgtlHMaHHCraquo 1948 r B CMIOJIllepC OlllH H3 Kpymleihlll1X HCCJIeilOBaTeJICH TBOpqeshy
CTBa X e pMagtlCa xapaKTepH3Y51 3TOT C60PHHK BblneJI5IeT B HeM nBa THna paCCKa30n laquopacshy
CKa3bl-CHbIraquo H laquopeaJIHCTWleCKHe paCCKa3 bl raquo CMIOJInepc YKa3bIBaeT ITO Bce p aCCKa3bl HMeshy
lOT MHOro 06llero B TeMaTWleCKOM acneKTe HO CYlleCTBeHHO OTJlWIaIOTc5Ilwyr OT npyra no
ltjJopM e PaccKa3bl-cHbI K IHCJlY KOTOPblX npHHanJleJKHT laquollOKTOp KJlOHnaHKraquo npenCTaBshy
Jl5llOT C060H HeKYI0 MeTaltjJopy COnepJKaT 3aranKy KaK n OKa3blBaeT CMIOJlnepC B OCIOBY
3THX p aCCKa30B nOJlOJKeHbl C06bITH5I He 5IBJl5l1OllHeC5I 06beKTHBHbIM OTpaJKeHHeM neHCTBHshy
TeJlbHOCTH PaCCKa3-CO H nOBecTByeT 0 He3aMeTHbl X HeBl1nHMblX npoueccax KOTopble nposhy
I1CXOn5lT Ha ypOBHe nonC03HaHI151 rep05l 113 06beKTHBHOH peaJlbHOCTH aBTOp 3aHMcTByeT
Te 06pa3bl CHMBOJlbl C nOMOllblO KOTOPblX MOI-YT 6blTb OJIHueTBOpeHbl HeBHnHMble nposhy
ueCCbl nonc03HaHH5I PaccKa3 laquollOKTOp KJlOHna KKraquo OTHOC5I llHHC5I K TaKHM paCCKa3aMshy
CHaM lIpenCTaBJl5leT C060H 6JleCT5IllHH 06pa3eu nOBecTBOBaHH5I KOTopoe TaHT B ce6e HCshy
CKOJlbKO cOnepJKaTeJlbHbIX ypoBHeH IIonblTaeMc5I BbI5IBHTb H lIpOaHaJlH311pOBaTb y pOBHH
3TOro p accKa3a
C onHoH CTOPOHbl B paccKa3e onHcaHbl C06bITI151 KOTopble BnOJlHe MOrJIH 6bl lIPOH30HTH
B p eaJIbHOH JKI13HH ITO COCTaBJl5leT peaJIHCTHleCKHH ypOBeHb npOlTeHH5I CIOJKeT paCCKa3a
BblCTpa l1 BaeTCll CJlenYIOllHM 06pa30M MOJlOnOM 1eJIOBeK cTyneHT-HenOYlKa ltlgtJlOPHC KaJIshy
MaHC lIpHXOnHT K cBoeMY cTapoMY YHHBepCHTeTCKOMY npyry - Bpaly XeHM eJIpeHKY TOT 6eshy
p eT ero C co60]1 Ha Bb130H K HeH3JIe1HM O 60JIbHOH neBY WKe C lIapaJl WIOM 06eHx Hor - JIHJIH
Bo BpeM5I OCMOTpa XeKMeJlpeHK lIpenCTaBJIlleT KaJIMaHCa nOKTOpOM KJlOHnaHKoM CTOHT
OTMeTHT b ITO HMeHa XeHMeJIpeHK H K JIOHlaHK llBJlllIOTCll rOBOpllllI1MI1 XeMMeJlpeMK
(Hemelrijk) 0603HaqaeT laquo u apcTBO He6ec Hoeraquo A HOBoe I1Mll KaJIMaHCa KJIOHlaMK (Klondyke )
accoUI1HpyeTcll C Ha3BaHHeM 30JlOTOrO npHHCKa Ha AJIllCKe OKa3blBaeTcll ltlgtJIOpHC paHbwe
JIlO611JI JIHJII1 OH Ha1I1HaeT Jle1I1Tb ee HanellCb Ha BbI3nOpOBJl e HHe IIpI1MeHll51 CBOM HOBbIM
MeTOn OH n06HBaeTcll 3Ha1HTeJlbHbIX ycnexoB B ee Jle1eHHH B 3TOM eMY nOMoraeT M aCCaJKI1shy
CTKa ceCTpa ltlgteppo Q ep e3 HeKoTopoe BpeMll nOKTOp KJIOHnaHK 3a60JleBaeT caM He HaBellashy
eT JII1JlH a 1ep e3 HeleJI IO 06HapYJKI1BaeT ee npH CMepTH OHa yMHpaeT y Hero Ha p yKax 0611shy
TaTeJlH naHCHOHa B KOTOPOM OHa JKHJla 06BHHlllOT B 3TOM 10KTOpa KJIOHnaMKa IIoCKOJIbKY y
Hero HeT nOKTOpCKOrO nHn JlOMa 1T06bI 3ap erHCTpHpOBaTb CMepTb OH HUleT XeHMeJIpeMKa
HO He HaxonHT CaIHTC5I B noe3n H eleT K MOplO
AH aJlH3 paCCKa3a naeT B03MOJKHOCTb npOlTeHH5I ltjJI1JIOCOltjJCKOM IWHuenUHH XepMaHshy
ca KOTOpa51 OCHOBblBaeTC5I Ha c Boe06pa3HOH Bapl1aUI1H 113BeCTHoro BO MHorHX KyJlbTypax C
n peBHeHWI1X BpeMeH npouecca HHI1Ul1a UI1H r JIaBHoro r ep05l l1HHUHaUHeM npHH5ITO Ha3bIshy
BaTb n epeXon I1HnHBHna 113 onHOr o cTaTyca B n p y roH BKJlI01eHl1e ero B HeKOTopbIM 3aMKshy
HYTbIH Kpyr JII1U (B HCJIO n OJnlOnpaBHbI X JleHOB nJleMeHI1 B MYJKCKOH Co03 330TepH1eCshy
KHH KyJlbT Kpyr JKpeUOB waMaHOB 11 T 11) l1HHlIHaUHll 0603HaaeT 3K311 CTeHU l1aJlbHbIM
MOMeHT n epeXona OT leTCKOro COCT05lHI151 B ltjJa3y neTOpOJKneHH5I nJlOIOpOIHOCTI1 ho noshy
CB5Ille HH e COCTOHT H3 Tpex 3TanOB 1) IlcTynJleHHe repo51 Ha Teppl1TOpHIO CB5I lleHHOro Meshy
CTa rne npOHCXOIHT nOCB5IlleHHe 2) norpYJKeHHe B He6bITHe BO BpeM5I KOToporo repoH
yMHpaeT KaK pe6eHoK 3) B03 pOJKneHI1e 10HOWH YJKe KaK MYJKI1HbI KaK HOCHT eJl51 KyJlbTyshy
pbI n JleMe HH
l1HI1UHaUH5I B MHltjJax OTpaJKaeT n epexon nOCB5IllaeMoro H3 OIHOM 06lleCTBeHHOH rpynshy
nbI B npyrylO cBoe06pa3HYIO laquoKOCM113aUHIOraquo JlHIHOCTI1 r ep05l nOKHnaIOllero OIHOpOnHYIO
06llHOCTb JKeHllHH H AeTeH Ho C HHHUHHpyeMblM npOHCXonHT TaKJKe OHTOJlOrHy eCKOe 113shy
MeHeHHe ITO n03nHee HaxonHT BblpaJKeHl1e B OC03HaHHoH n e p eMe He BHeWHero cTaTyca B
COBpeMeHJiOM npO1TeJiHH XepMaHca npouecc I1HHuHaUHH H3MeJieH COrJlaCHO XepMaHCY B
COBpeMeHHOM MHpe HHl1UHa UH5I npHBonHT K npH06lleJiHIO K 3K3HCTeHUHaJlbHOM HeYBepeHshy
15
HOCTI1 HropaJI H TpeTb5 centa3bI (rrorPY)I(emle B KOCMI1leCKoe He6bITI1e 11 B03pO)l(AeHI1e repo5 B
HOBOM cTaTyce) B KOHuenUHH XepMaHca MeIUlJOTC5I MeCTaMH - repOH CHalaJIa MY)I(aeT a rroshy
TOM rrorpY)I(aeTC5I B He6bITHe H nepBHIHbIH xaoc BMeCTO B03pO)l(AeHH5I
B HCCJIeAOBaHH5IX 6eJIbfHHCKOro JIHTepaTypOBella M LlIonbH HarJI5IlIHO lIeMOHCTpl1shy8PyeTC5I KaK pa3BHBaeTC5I cueHapHH I1HHUHaUI1H Y XepMaHca fJIaBHblH repOH CTpeMHTC5I K
HleaJIY 6YlIb TO rrOJ1(K HCTHHbI c06CTBeHHOH HlIeHTHIHOCTI1 caMOpeaJIH3aUH5I CTaHOBJleHl1e
JIHIHOCTH rrorrhITKa H306peTeHH5I HJIH OTKphITH5I 1ero-JIH60 HOBoro Ho rrOCTerreHHO repo51
rrOCTHraeT pa30lapOBaHHe ITO BhI3bIBaeT 1YBCTBO OTIY)l(leHH5I repOM OC03HaeT ITO OH Bceshy
rna rrpe6hIBaJI H 6YleT rrpe6bIBaTb B xaoce
ITpOCJIelHM KaKI1M 06pa30M 11306pa)l(eHa I1HHUl1aUI151 repo51 B paccKa3e laquoLlOKTOP KnOHshy
lIaMKraquo
fJlaBHhIM r epOM cDJIOPHC KaJIMaHC KaKI1M ero BI1lHT 1I1TaTeJIh B HalaJIe paccKa3a OlHshy
HOK OH HHIeM He CB53aH Ho BMeCTe C TeM OleBI1lHO HaCKOJIbKO Ba)l(eH lJI5I Hera 06pa3 AOKTOshy
pa XeHMeJIpeHKa OH - ell1HCTBeHHhIH lpyr KaJIMaHCa e Iue CO cTYleHIeCKl1x BpeMeH KaJIshy
MaHC TaK H He 3aKOHIHJI Kypca H He rrOJIylI1JI lOKTOpCKoro ll1rrJIOMa B TO BpeM5I KaK
XeHMeJIpeMK - orrhTTHbTH rrpaKTI1KyJOlll1H Bpal KaJIMaHC HI1 K 1eMY 11 HI1 K KOMY He rrpHB5Ishy
3aH OlHaKO OH I1CnbITbIBaeT rroTpe6HOCTb B 061leHI111 C XeHMeJIpeT1KOM OH XOleT 1T06bI TOT
era nOH5IJI H nOMor eMy
XeMMeJIpeMK 5IBJ15IeTC5I B onpelleJIeHHOM OTHOWeHHI1 nepCOHa)l(eM KOTOPhIM aCCOUI1Hshy
pyeTc5I lJI5I KaJIMaHCa C 06pa30M OTua l1MeHHo XeHMeJIpeHK npl1lyMaJI eMY HOBoe HM5I shy
lOKTOP KJIOHlaMK OH 6YKBaJIhHO C031(aJI H3 Hero HOBora 1eJIOBeIia Ha XeirMeJIpeirKa XOleT
6hITb Terreph rroxO)l( KJIOHl(airK OH CTaJII(JI5I Hera I1l(eaJIOM I1MeHHO era HY)l(HO y6el(HTh KJIOHshy
lIaMKY B cBoeir rrpaBoTe H TaKHM 06pa30M rrpeB30iiTH ero HaHTH ce651 H peaJIH30BaTbC5I
Ho Bce )I(e repoir KaJIMaHC Terrepb rroll HOBhIM HMeHeM 1(0KTOpa KJIOHl(airKa OCTaeTC5I
B a6COJIJOTHOM H30JI5IUHI1 Koma OH HalI1HaeT JIelI1Th JIHJIH OH He HaXOl(l1T nOllIep)l(KH y
XeMMeJIpeHKa HHKTO He BCpHT B ero MeTOI( lJT06hI peaJIl130BaTbC5I KJIOHl(aMKY He06xol(HMO
I(OKa3aTh l(eircTBeHHOCTb CBoera MeTOl(a Le BbIJlelHTb JII1JII1 H C I(pyrair CTOPOHbI npeB30Mshy
TI1 TaKHM 06pa30M XeirMeJIpeirKa-OTL(a EMY lTD KaK 6Yl(TO YllaeTC5J JIHJIH nOCTeneHHO BbI3shy
1(0paBJIHBaeT HeCMOTp5J Ha TO ITO MHorl1e BpalI1 B TOM 1HCJIe XeirMeJIpeMK CIHTaJIH ee 60shy
JIe3Hb 6e3Hale)l(HhIM CJIYlaeM Ho B TOT MOMeHT KOrlIa nocJle CMepTH JIHJlH KJlOHl(aMKY
nO-HaCT05JlleMY HY)l(Ha rrOMOllh XeirMeJlpeirKa TOT 6eCCJlelIHO I1Cle3aeT TaKHM 06pa30M
XeHMeJlpeMK rrpel(aeT KJlOHlIairKa 11 KaK B 60JlhWI1HCTBe np0l13Bel(eHI1H XepMaHca centHrypa
OTua (KaK 3eMHoro TaK H He6ecHora) CTaHOBI1TC5I aM6I1BaJleHTHoM
B npouecce I1HI1UHaUHH CTaHOBJleHH5I rcpo51 Ba)l(HhI TaK)I(e OTHOlleHH5I KaJlMaHCa -
KJlOHlIaMKa C )I(eHIlI1HaMH B lIaHHOM paccKa3e CTOHT BhIlIeJlHTh lIBa )I(eHCKHX 06pa3a - JIHJlH
H Mel(CeCTphI cDeppo JIHJlH - 06beKT cTpacTH KJlOHlIairKa H Ta PMH Koro OH npelInpHHHMashy
eT norrbITKY caMopeaJII13aUHH MellcecTpa cDeppo - rrepCOHa)l( KOTOPbIir accoUHHpyeTc5I C
CeCTpOH
T eM a oTHoweHHH Me)l(l(Y 6paToM H ceCTpoH Hepel(KO 3BylHT B TBOpleCTBe XepMaHca
TaK repoH XepMaHca laCTO CT05lT nepel( BhI60pOM - MHp cecTpbI HJlI1 MHp cynep3ro1II MHP
cecTphI OJIHueTBOp5leT C060M naCCHBHoe cYlleCTBOBaHHe rrocJlywaHHe p0lHTeJl5lM noCTOshy
5IHHyJO MOPaJIbHYIo 3aBHcHMoCTb OT MHeHH5I cecTphI repoM BCerlIa HaXOI(HTC5I rrolI ee IIaBJleshy
HHeM MelCeCTpa cDeppo He BepHT B MeTOl K JlOHlairKa nbITaeTC5I rrepey6elIHTh era OlHaKO
OH Olep)l(HBaeT rr06eAY Hal laquoceCTpoir~ H B KOHue KOHUOB OHa corJlaWaeTC5I npHMeHHTb era
HOBbIM MeTOl MelIeCTpa cDeppo KaK H lOKTOP XeHMeJlpeirK - HeOlH0311alHbIH 06pa3 C OI(HOH CTOPOHhI OHa nOHalaJIY HaCTpoeHa npOTHB rep05l OH lIOJl)l(eH ee llepey6el(HTb Ilpeshy
16
B30HTH npHleM Ha ee lKe laquoTeppHTOpHHraquo H o B TO lKe BpeM)I OHa - e1(HHCTBeHHblrl 1eJlOBeK
KTO 1(eHCTBHTeJlbHO CTapaeTC)I nOMOlb KJlOfllai1xy
K JIHJlI1 K JlOH1(aHK TaKlKe I1cnblTblBaeT aM611BaJleHTHbIe 1YBCTBa LlYMa)l 0 HeH OH
CMeeTC)I 11 nJlaleT OlflOBpeMeHHO KOr1(a-TO OHa YH11311J1a e r o 11 Tenepb OH KaJaJlOCb 6bl MOshy
lKeT ToplKeCTBOBaTb BI11()I ee YHl1lKeHl1e OH npelCTaBJI)leT ce6e ITO ee 60JIe3Hb - lTO B03shy
MOlKHO CJle1(CTBHe ero npOKJI)lTb)l
CTYlleHT cnaqaJla 3aCMe~JlC Hall CUOIIM npellnOJlOgtKeHl1eM HO n OToM YgtKe nepelliluepblo 1l0Ma
THXO 3an) laKLlJI B ellb OH ei1 TaKor o HIfKorna He )KellaJI Eft CTOJIb npeKpac Hoii H ewe CTQJlb JOHo~iI 2
OH npOlu aeT ee 11 nbITaeTC)I nOBepl1Tb B IIX B03MOlKHoe CJaCTJII1BOe 6Y1(y wee H JlIOshy
60Bb H o B cpHJIOCOcpCKOi1 KOHuenUl111 XepMaHca B3al1MHa)l Jl1060Bb cnoc06Ha)l 06J1epII1Tb
cywecTBoBalm e 1eJIOBeKa B MHpe xaoca B eB03MOlKHa ee npocTo HeT TaK II B 3TOM paccKa3e
repoH 06pele Hbl Ha HeCIaCTbe JII1J111 y AmpaeT a 1(OKTOP K JlOH1(ai1K KOTOPbIH B CYWHOCTH 11
He )I BJI)leTC)I 1(OKTOpOM He B COCTO)lHI1 I1 ee c nacTJoI ITbITa)lCb HaHTI1 CBOH MeTO1( JlCIeHI1)1 H
CnaCTI1 JIHJlI1 K JIOH1(ai1K nbITaeTC)I C03laTb CBOIO ynop)l1(OlelmYIO HO MHcpl11eCKY IO peaJlbshy
HOCTb VI HeCMOTp)I Ba TO ITO Ha KaKOM-TO 3Tane OH l06I1BaeTC)I ycnexa non blTKa 06peleHa
Ha Kpax hoT paccKa3 oTpalKaeT TaKHM 06pa30M KO HuenUl11o X epMaHca - repOH Be MOlKeT
3asepWHTb npouecc HBHlHaUI1H Oll B e nepe pOlKlaeTC)I OB B03BpawaeTC)I B xaoc
KpOMe peanHCTI1 1eCKoro 11 CPI1J10cocpCKoro paccKa3 3aKJlIOIaeT B ce6e B03MOlKHOCTb
TpeTbero npOlTeHI1)1 Ih06bl Bbl)lBI1 Tb 3TOT TpeTI1H laquoCJlOHraquo TeKcTa YleJIYIM BHI1MamIe HeKOshy
TOPbl M HappaTOJIOrl11eCKI1M acn eKTaM paccKa3a
COrJlaCHO KOHuenUIm XepMaHca p aCCKa3 11J111 pOMal He MOlKeT 6blTb 1l0CTOBepHblM
oT06palKeImeM leHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTI1 KOTOPYIO Bo06we HeB03MOlKHO onHcaTb HJlH o T06pa3HTb
EIlHBCTBeHHoe ITO MOlKeT npelJlOlKHTb B CBoeM npOH3 BeleHIII1 n l1CaTeJlb - aTO ero c06CTBeHshy
Hoe BHleHHe MHpa C BOII np0l13 Be1(eml)l X e pMaHC Bcer)(a CTapaeTCiI HaleJIHTb 1eTKO i1 CTPYKshy
TYPOH n OTOMY ITO B p eaJlbHOH leHCTBl1TeJlbBOCTI1 ee HeT J1106a)l KOMn 03HUHOHHa5I i CTaJlb
lO~lKH a BbInOJlH)l Tb CPYHKUH10 C03llaHI1)1 UeJIOCTHOCTH 11 ynop51lOl e nHOCTI1 Bcero np0I13Beshy
leHH)I
Ha KOM n 03HUl10HHOM y pOBHe MOlKHO npOCJlelHTb ITO paCCKa3 XOTb H He pa3)(eJleH na
rJIaBbl HO HeCOMHeHHO BKJl IOraCT B ce6)13Kcn03HUHoimylO 1aCTb ( pa3rOBOp KaJlM a HCa C X eHshy
~leJlperlKOM B ero npHeM Hoi1) 3aBil3KY (BCTpeCla C JIHJIH B naHCUOHe Mecppay ltDenTe) p a3pashy
60TKY ( JIeIeHHe JII-IJIH) KYJIbMHHaUI1IO ( CMepTb J1~IJlH) H pa3BH3KY (repOHnpH C3lKaeT Ha
n06epelKbC) M O)I(HO npOCJ1 ellHTb KaK reporl COBepmaeT HeKoe rrYTewecTBHe - H3 rrpl1eMHoi1 bull
KOMHaTbl lOKTOpa X eHMeJlp ei1Ka B nanCHOH Mecppay ltDeHTe 11 B KOHue KOHUOB OKa3bIBaeTCiI
Ha n06ep elKbe B naBCHOHe C HHM npOHcxOilHT MeTaMOPCP03a OB npeBpa uaeTC5I B lOKTOpa
KJlOHllaHKa H B CBoeM BOBOM cTaTyce fiblTaeTC)I n ocTpoHTb c I1cTeMY H npl1BHeCTH IWP)llOK B
OKp YlKalOWH H 1mp 3aTeM npOI1CXO1(HT p erpeccl1)1 OB OC03HaeT ITO BOKpy r xaoc
B npOH3BeleHHilX XepMaHca BCerla Qpe3BbIIaHHO CYUleCTBe HHO Olll1CaHHe npOCTpaHshy
CTBa ECJlU y lPYrux aBTop OB npOCTpaHCTBeHHblH acneKT onHCaIiHe MeCTa noporl )lBJI)lIOTCiI
leKOpI1pYlOweiJ 1aCTbIO n pOH3Be1(eHl1)1 TO y XepMaBca S 1aCTH OCTH B paCCKa3e laquoLlOKTOP
KJlOH)(aHKraquo npocTpaHcTBo n poCTpaHcTBeHHbIe MOTHBbI 1eTKO BblleJleHbI H CTa HOB)lTC51 BalKshy
HblMH a6CTp aKTHblMH MOTH BaM I1
TaK naHCHOH Meqlpay ltDenTe B KOTOPOM lKHBeT JII1J1H ee KOMHaTa H306palKeHbi YCTshy
pawaIOUIHMH lKyTKI1MI1 LlBepb B 1(OM paCnOJlOlKeHa B ap Ke KOTOPYIO OCBeWalOT orpOMHble
)l pKl1e cpOHapl1 nOTOM Y qTO 1epC3 3Ty apKy npOxOlHT rrOe3l H Ha aTOM nOBopOTe npOHCXOshy
l11T MHOro HeCIaCTHbIX cJlyqaCB Ih06bl IlOL(HilTbCH B KOMHaTY J111J1H He06xOllHMO npOn TH
17
no TeM HOM llepeBHHHOM CKpHnYICM JleCTHl1uelllloMe lKl1BYT CTpaHHble CYMaCUleLU1I1C 60JIbshy
Hble HJII1 H3YBeIeHHble JIIOIlI1 H LOKTOP XeMMeJIpeMK Ha3 bl BaeT 3TOT lTaHCHOH H aCTOHLUHM
a HaTOMHIeCKHM MY3eeM 11
JlJIH XepMaHca xapaKTcpHO ITpOTHBOnOCTaBJIelnle npOCTpaHCTB llaHCHOH HaXOIlHTCH
Ha OKpaHHe ropOlla npaKTHICCKH 3a ero lepToii ITOe31l coellHHHeT LYLUHhIM ropOIl 3aCTpoeH shy
HbIM 6JIOlHbIMH 1l0MaMH C MOPCKHM n06cpelKbeM llOe31l npoe3lKaeT 1epe3 apKY Hall KOTOshy
POM H HaXOIlHTCH KOMHaTa lIHJIH KaK 6bI Ha rpaHl1ue K OMHaTa lIHJIH BCerlla npOTHBOITOCshy
TaBJIHeTCH BHIlY H3 OKHa oc06eHHO BalKHO ITpH 3TOM ITO lIHJIH He B COCTOHHHH llalKe
nOCMOTpeTb B OKHO H YBHlleTb 1TO -Jll160 KpoMe 1eTblpex CTeH nOTOMY lTO npHKOBaHa K ITO-
CTeJIH
o TOM ITO BHIlHO 3a OKHOM lIHJIH paCCKa3hIBaeT 1l0KTOP KJIoHllaMK 3aXOllHLUee Kpacshy
Hoe H KpyrJIOe KaK JIYImiddotta COJIHue HrpaIOLUHe lleTH npH6JImKellHe BeCHbl C HeCKpbIBaeMOH
ropeIbIO lIHJIH 3aMeIaeT laquoAx KaK 6bl H XOTeJIa Bce 3TO CHOBa YBHLeTb H o 51 LOJIlKHa JIelKaTb
3LeCb HenOIlBHlKHO H 6e3MOJIBHO ELl1HCTBeHHoe lTO 51 BHlKY OT p eaJIbJ-IOtI lKH3HH - TYCKshy
Jlbltl oT6JIeCK Ha 060HX~11 (ABTop HCCOMHeHHO HCnOJIb3yeT aJIJII03HIO Ha MHltP llJIaTOHa 0
neLUepe) 113 3Toro ITPOTI1BOIT OCTaBJleHHH OIeBHlleH KOI-lTpaCT LBYX npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIX 06shy
pa30B - 3aKpbITa51 KOMHaTa lIHJIH C TeH5IMI1 Ha CTeHe H MHp 3a OKHOM C Call5lLUHMC5I COJIHueM
06JIaIltaMH H CBelKHM B03nYXOM ABTop HrpaeT Ha 1T03THIeCKHX KOHTpaCTax
TaKoe ITpHCTaJIbHOe BHHMaHH e aBTopa K npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIM MOTH BaM H lpe3 BbIIaH shy
HO n Ollp06Hble OIHCaHHH MeCTa LeHCTBHH H eCOMHeHHO CJIYlKaT CBHlleTeJIbCTBOM TOro ITO
nepeL HaMH rrCHXOMaXHIeCKOe nOBeCTBOBaHHe ChOT TepMHH HCrrOJIb3yeTcH eBponeMCKHshy
MH J111TepaTypOBenaMH IlJIH 0603HaleHHH oc060ro THna nOBeCTBOBaHHH B KOTOPOM ueHTshy
paJlbHaH TeMa - nYUleBHbIM KOHltpJIHKT repOH - HaxonHT OTpalKeHHe BO BHeUlHHX ltpaKTOshy
pax CaMO CJIOBO laquonCHXOMaXH5I raquo npHWJIO H3 aHTHlHOH JIHTepaTypbl rne OHO CJI YlKHJIO
IlJI5I laquo0603HaleHHH oc060ro BHna aJIJlerOpHIeCKOrO npOH3BeJleHHH B KOTOPOM BHYTpeHHHH
KOHltpJIHKT repo51 OTpalKaJICH BO BHeWHHX C06bITH5I X ~ Hi 3 UfMOJIOrHleCKH OHO BOCXOIlHT K
rpeleCKHM CJIOBaM IjIUXll nywa IlYX H ~laXll 60pb6a KOHltpJIHKT TpaLHUHOHlIO B JIHTep aTyshy
pOBeLeHHI1 TepMHH laquo nCHXOMaXH5Iraquo 0603 HaIaJl aJIJl e r OpHleCKOe npOH3 BelleHl1e B ueHTpe
KOTOPOro HaXOLl1TCH JIH60 nyweBHblH KOHltpJIY1KT repOH JIH60 6 0Pb6a L06pOneTeJleM C noshy
pOKaMH
llepBbIM nOJIHOCTblO aJIJIerOpWleCKHM npOH3BenelHleM OITHCblBalOLUHM 60Pb6y n06shy
pOlleTeJIet1 C 1T0pOKaMH HBJI5IeTCH n03Ma HcrraHCKoro n03Ta IV B H 3 llpYlleHlHH laquo llCHXOshy
MaXHHraquo OTrOJIOCKH KOTOPOM CJIbIW aTCH BO MHorHX npOH3BeneHHHX cpenHeBeKOBOM JIHTe pashy
TYPbl BCOBpeMeHHOM JIHTepaTypOBeneHHH npl1HlHn nCHXOMaXHH 1T0JIYlHJI pacnpOCTpaHeHile
KaK npOIlYKTHBHbIM MeTon HCCJIeIlOBaHHH OCHOBaHHbIH Ha paCCMOTpeHHH C06bITI1MHOM CTOshy
POHbl np0l13BeneHHH KaK ITpOeKlHH nyweBHoM60Pb6bl repOH TaK B KJI[Ole nCHXOMaXHH 6eJIbshy
mHCKHH JIHTepaTypOBell M JlIOlTbH npellJIaraeT paCCMaTpHBaTb nalKe HeKOTopble npOH3Beshy
lleHHiI HB [orOJIiI ltDM JlOCTocBCKoro r JllKerlMca a TaKlKe nHCaTeJIeH XX B - ltD KaltpKH
[ Ka3aKa lI 13opxeca ITO KacaeTCH rOJl JIaHIlCKOM JIHTepaTypbI TO 3TOT MeTOIl OKa3blBaeTCiI
HaH60JIee npOnYKTHBHblM npH HCCJIenOBaHI1H TBOpleCTBa nHCaTeJIeH XX B - 13opneBeMKa
CJIaY3pxoltpltPa BeCTlleMKa MIOJIHWa XaMeJIHHKa17
llCI1XOMaXHleCKHl1 ITpHHlHn B c OBpeMeHHoM npOlTeHHI1 TecHeMwHM 06pa30M CBH3aH
C nCHXOJIOrl1leCKHM a HaJIH30M B JIHTepaType ECJlH paccMaTpHBaTb nCI1XOMaXHIO B 06LUeM
CMblCJIe KaK lKaHp npoH3BelleHHH oTpalKaIOlUero 60Pb6y B nywe r epOil TO BbIHCHHTCH ITO
3TOT Tep MHH npHMeHHM K JII060MY npOH3BeneHHIO rne nonHHMaeTCH nCHXOJIOrHIeCKaH nposhy
6JIeMaTH Ka OITHCbIBaeTCH nCHXOJlOrl11eCKHH KOIIltpJIHKT r epOil 6ynb TO nYlUeBHblM KOHltpJIHKT
BO BHYTpeHHeM MHpe repOH HJIH KOHltpJII1KT MelKny repoeM H BHeLUHHM MHPOM npymMH reshy
18
P05MH 06CT05TeJlbCTBaMH OCHXOJlOrWleCKlt15 np06J1eMaTHKa B TpauHUHOIHIOM pOMaHC MOshy
lKeT COAeplKaTbC5 HMnJlI1UI1THO 11 np04l1TblBaTbC5 no nOBeneHI110 rep05 JIH60 lKe 3KCnJlIlshy
UHTHO - B Bl1ne xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1 rep05 113 yCT paCCKa3IHKa I1JIH caMoro nepCOHalKa HJlH lKe
H3 YCT APYfHX repoeB
KaK 6bl TO HI1 6bIJIO nCI1XOJlOfH4eCKa5 np06J1eMaTHKa B Tpanl1UI10HHOM peaJIl1CTWleCshy
KOM pOMaHe OCTaeTC5 JlI1Wb 06beKTOM onHCaHH5 11 He MOlKeT OKa3blllaTb BJlH5HI15 1middotla KOMnoshy
3HUI1IO pOMaHallJl5 nCI1XOMaXI1 H KaK pa3 xapaKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCI1XOMaXWleCKOM pOMashy
He HJlH paCCKa3e nCHXOJlOrWleCKa5 np06J1eManlKa nepeCTaeT 6blTb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBHTC5
cy6beKToM nOnlHH55 ce6e pa3IlI1THe c06bITI1HlleHcTIlI1TeJlbHOCTb BOCnp0I13BOnI1Ma5 B nCI1shy
XOMaxHlecKOM paCCKa3e 11J111 pOMaHe 5BJl5eTC5 He TeaTpOM nJl5 BHYTpeHHem KOHqJlI1KTa
rep05 HO cnoc060M BblpalKeHl1eM 3Toro KOHqJlI1KTa
KaK YKa3blBaeT lllonbl1 TaKa5 pa3pa60TKa npe3eHTa UI15 n CI1XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eshy
MaTHKI1 xapaKTepHa nJl5 aBaHrapnHCTcKoro I1CKyccTBa B n epBY10 olepeAb AJI5 3KcnpeccHoshy
HI13Ma 11 c10ppeaJIH3Ma OOlTOMY AaHHblfl MeTOA oc06emlO npoAYKTI1BeH AJl5 aHaJJI13a JlI1Teshy
p aTypbl XX B VlCnOJlb30BaHl1e npl1HUHna nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKoTopblM npoH3BeAeHH5M aBTopon
XIX B rOBOpl1T 0 TOM ITO 3TI1 aBTopbl onepelKaJlH cnoe BpeM5 nOAHHMa5 pa3pa60TKY nCHshy
XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eMaTHKI1 Ha HOBblH y pOBeHb
VlTaK nCI1XOMaXWleCKIIM noneCTBOBaHHeMB COBpeMeHHOM mlTepaTypOBeAeHHH ClI1shy
TaeTC5TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJIIOCa cy6beKT CwweBHble n epelKl1llaHH5 rep05) H 06beKT (OKpYlKashy
10ma5 AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTb) COBMemeHbl - cy6beKTl1BHOe CKPblTO nOJIHOCTbIO 3a HOBOH KalKyshy
m eHC51 06beKTl1BHOCTbIO ee 11306palKelme npOHCXOAI1T I1CKJlIOIl1TeJlbHO Ha MeTaqopWleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo8 llpyrHMI1 CJI0BaMI1 Bce 3J1eMeHTbl xYAOlKeCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06 bITI15 06beKshy
TI1BHO npOI1CXOn5 IUHe C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX OH OKa3bIBaeTC5 n epCOHalKl1 C KOTOPblMH
OH CTaJlKHBaeTC5 oT06palKaIOT em BHYTpeHHl010 lKH31Ib 5BJI5IOTC5 npOeK1lH5MH BHyTpeHHeshy
ro MHpa nepCOHalKa 06beKTI1BHb1H Ml1p CTalIOBHTCiI 3epKaJIOM BHyTpeHHHx nepelKHBaHI1H
r epoil
M lllOnbH AaeT KJlaCCHqHKaUHlO 3J1eMeHTOB 06beKTI1BIlOrO Ml1pa KOTopble peryJl5pshy
HO HcnOJlb3YIOTC5 B nCI1XOMaXHleCKOM nOBeCTBOBalIl111 11 yqacTBYIOT B 11306palKeHI1l1 BHYTshy
p e1meH 60Pb6bl rep05 3J1eMeHTb1 KOTopb1e oc06eHlIO YA061lb1 AJl5 npOeUl1pOBaHH5 Ha lIHX
nCI1XOJlOrHH nepCOllalKeit TaK nCI1XOMaXHleCKHe p aCCKa3b1 OleHb laCTO nOCTpoe Hb1 Ha MOshy
THBe n e p eMem eHI15 H3 OAHoro npOCTpa HCTBa B A pyroe npHlIUHnHaJlbHO OTJlHlHOe OT nepBOshy
m H MeTaqopWleCKH 3HalHMOe HJlI1 lKe Ha MOTHne npe6bIBaHI15 B nOA06110M lame Bcem
3aKpblTOM MeCTe rAe repOH npe6bIBaroT BpeM eH HO 3TO MOryT 6b1Tb rOCTI1HHUbl TpaKTl1pbl a
B AaHHOM paCCKa3e - n a HCl10H Meqpay lt1gterlTe KOH e4 Hh1M n YHKTOM nYTeweCTBI1H repoeB Il
60JlbWl1HCTBe CJlYlaeB 6bIBa10T nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera nOIOeMOB 3qqeKT B03HHKaeT 3a CleT
npOTI1BOnOCTaBJle HI15 3aMKHYTblX TlmOB npOCTpaHCTBa C031aHHbiX 4eJlOBeKOM OTKPbITbIM
npl1pOIHblM rle uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHlaHK~ repOH B KOHue CBoe ro laquonposhy
CTpaHCTBeHHoro nepeMeme1l15 raquo OKa3blBaeTC5 Ha MOPCKOM n06epelKbe B oKpYlKeHHI1 Heshy
06Y31aHHOH nepBl1lHOI1 CTI1XI1H rle 3aKaHll1BaeTCiI em MeTaMopq03a
MOKpa5 paKymKa npIfBJleKJla ero BHHMaIHle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM 0 nOIH]] ee 11 lleplKa paKy mKy
B pYKe npOCToJI ueJlblH 4ac Bnepl1B B3rJlllil B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 310 BpeMiI paKymKa BbICOXJla 11 KaK
OU HI1 Tep ee pYKaBOM oua 60Jlbme YlKe He 3a6J1eCTeJla
KpOMe npOTHBonOCTaBJleHI15 npocTpaHcTBeHHb1x 06pa30B cYluecTBelmyro POJlb B nCH
XOMaXl1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHl111 I1rpaeT 11 cnoc06 nepeMemeHI15 HeKaiI rtepeMema10ma5 cy6shy
CTaHUI1i1 TaK 06paTl1M BHI1MaHl1e Ha o6pa3 nOe31a B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KnoHlaI1Kraquo C 01shy
19
PORMH 06CTORTeJThCTIlaMH TIcHXOJIOrl1leCKaR np06JJeMaTHKa B TPJHIIHOHHOM pOMaHe MOshy
)(eT cOlle p)(aTbCR HMnJJHUHTHO H npOlHTblBaTbCR no IIOBelleHHlO repOR JII160 )(e 3KCnJJHshy
UHTHO - B BHlle xapaKTepHCTHKH repOIl H3 YCT paCC Ka3IHKa HJIH caM oro n e pCOHa)(a I1JJH )(e
H3 YCT IlPYrHX r epoeB
KaK 6bI TO HH 6bIJJO rrCHXOJJOrHleCKall rrp06JleMaTHKa B TpallHUHOHHOM peaJJHCTHleCshy
KOM pOMa He OCTaeTCIl JlHlIlb 06beKTOM onHcaHHIl 11 He MO)(eT OKa3bIIlaTb BJJHllHHIl Ha KOMnoshy
311UHIO pOMaBa JlJJIl n CHXOMaXHH KaK pa3 xap aKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCHXOMaXHleCKOM pOMashy
lIe I1JJH paCCKa3e nCI1XOJJOrl1IeCKal np06JJeMaTI1Ka n epeCTaeT 6bITb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBI1TCIl
cy6beKToM nOlllHHllR ce6e p a3BI1THe C06bITI1H JleHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTb BocrrpOH3BOllHMal B n CH shy
XOMaXH I eCKOM paCCKa3e HJJI1 pOMaHe llBJJlleTCIl He TeaTpOM llJJIl BHYTpe HHero KOHltjJJJHKTa
r epOll HO cnoc060M Bblpa)KeHHeM 3TOro KOHltjJJJHKTa
K aK YKa3blBaeT JllonbH TaKa51 pa3pa60TKanpe3eHTa UI111 rrCI1XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeshy
MaTI1KH xapaKTepHa llJlll aBaHraplll1CTCKOro HCKYCCTBa Il nepBYIO OIepeLb lIJlll 3KcrrpeCCHOshy
HH3Ma 11 ClOppeaJJl13Ma 103TOMY llaHHhlH ~IeTOlI oc06emlO npOlIYKTI1BeH llJJIl aHaJTH3a JJI1Teshy
paTy pbl XX B 11CnOJJb30BaHl1e npHHUl1na nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKOTopblM np0113SelleH I111M aBTopOB
XIX B roBOPI1T 0 TOM 410 3111 a BTopbl onep e)KaJJI1 CIloe BpeMll rrOllHHMall pa3pa60TKY n CI1 shy
XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeMaTHKI1 Ha HOBbII1 y p OBeHb
11TaK nCI1XOMaXI14eCKHM rrOBeCTIlOBaHl1eMIl COBpeMe HHOM JJllTe p aTypOBelleHl111 C4Hshy
TaeTCIl TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJJlOca cy6beKT (lJyw eBHble rr epe)(I1Bal-IH5I r ep05l) 11 06b eKT (OKpy)(ashy
lomaR lleHCTBI1TeJJbHOCTb) COBMelIleHbl - cy6beKTllBHoe CKPblTO nOJJHOCTblO 3a HOBOH Ka)(yshy
u~eHCR 06beKT1BHOCTbI0 ee 11306pa)(e lmiddotme npOHCXOLHT I1CKJJI0411TeJJbHO H a MeTaltjJopHleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo JlpyrHMH CJIOBaMll Bce 3JJeMeHTbl XYlIO)(eCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06bITHll 06beKshy
THBHO rrpOllCXOllllml1e C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX 011 OKa3blBaeTCIl rre p CO Ila)(ll C KOTOPbl M I1
OB CTaJJJltHBaeTCll oT06pa)(aIOT ero BHYTpeHHlOIO )(113H b llBJJllIOTCIl npOeKUI1RMI1 BHyTpeHHeshy
ro Ml1pa nepCOHa)Ka 06beKTl1BHblH Ml1p CTaHOBHTCIl 3epKaJIOM BHYTpe HIUIX n epe)(I1Ba HHrl
repOIl
M JllOnbli lJaeT KJJaCcnltjJHKaUHlO 3JJ eMe HTOB 06beKTI1BHOrO Mllpa KOTopble peryJJll pshy
HO HCnOJJb3YlOTCil B n CI1XOMaXI14eCKOM rrOBeCTBOBaHl111 11 yltlaCTBYIOT B 11306pa)(eH I111 BHYTshy
p elmeH 60Pb6bl repOll lJJeM eHTbl KOTopbl e oc06emlO YlI06Hbl lIJIll npOeUl1pOBaHlill Ha HI1X
n CI1XOJJorlll1 rrepCOHa)Kew TaK rrCI1XOMaXH4eCKI1e paCCKa3bl 04eHb 1aCTO n OCTpoe HbI Ha MOshy
TI1Be n epeMemeHI111 113 OIlHoro rrpOCTpa HCTBa B IJpyroe rrpI1HUI1I1I1aJJb HO OTJJI14HOe 01 n epBOshy
ro 11 M eTaltjJopHleCKI1 3Ha411Moe I1JJI1 )(e Ha MOTI1Ile npe6bIBaHllll B nOlI06 HOM l a me Bcem
3aKpbITOM MeCTe r lJe repol1 npe6blB3IOT Bp eMeHHO 310 MOryT 6blTb roCT1HHUbI TpaKTl1pbl a
B lIaHHOM paCCKa3e - rraHCHOH MeltjJpay ltDeHTe KOHe4HblM nYHKTOM rrYTe lIleCTBHH repoeB B
60JJblIlllHCTBe CJJY4aeIl6blBaloT nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera IlOllOeMOB 3ltjJltjJeKT Il03HllKaeT 3a Cl eT
npOTI-BOnOCTaBJJeHllll 3aMKHYTblX T1lIIOB npOCTpaHCT Ba C03IJaHHbl X 1eJJO BeKOM OTKPblTbIM
npl1pOIJHblM rlIe uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHlIaHKraquo r epoH B KOHue CBoero laquo l1pOshy
CTpaHCT BeHHoro nepeMe weHI111 raquo OKa3blBaeTCil Ha MOPCKOM n06epe)(b e B oKpy)(eHHH Heshy
06Y3IJaHHOH nepBlllHoi1 CTHXHI1 r lJe 3aKaHlliBaeTCIl ero MeTaMopltjJ03a
MOKPaJI paKyIIIK3 npHBneKJJ3 era BIII1Mamle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM OH nOIlHlIn ee B lleplK3 paKy IIIKy
B pYKe npOCT051Jl u enblH 43C BnepH B B3rnl1l B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 3TO BpeMli paKYIIIKa Bblcoxna H KaK
Oli HB Tep ee p YKanOM Ofla 60nbIIIe YlKe He 3a6necTeJJ3
KpoMe I1pOTHBOnOCTaBJJeH HR npOCTpaHCTBeHllblX 06pa30Il cyIJ~eCTBelIHylO pOJJb B ncw
XOMaXI1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHHH HrpaeT H CI10C06 nepe MemeH Hll He KaR rte p eMema lOmal cy6shy
CTaHUHll TaK 06paTHM IlHllMaHlie Ha 06pa3 110e31Ia B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHllaHKraquo C 011 shy
19
HOH CTOPOHbI nOe311 CDH3bIBaeT roPOII IIYWHbIH 11 rHeTYUIHH C MOPCKI1M n06epelKbeM TaK 11
ltIgtJlOPHC K aJlMaHC CTaBWH~1 Ha BpeMH lOKTOPOM KJlOHII3iiKUM MeITaeT OCD0601l11Tb JIllJlH
113 ee 3aToeHllH B JlYWHOM n aHC110He J1 nOll06HO TOMY K3K nOnbITKH 1I0KTopa KJlOHJlaHKa
06peeHbI Ha Kpax TaK 11 noe311 KaJKYllll1HCH Ha npODIJKeHHH nOTH Dcero paCCKa3a n03HTI1Bshy
HbIM HaaJIOM B KOHlIe npl1HOCI1T JIIOIIHM rope 3a Ml1r JlO CMepTH JhIJm nOe3J1 OCT3HODHJlCH B
apKe TaK KaK npOH30WeJl HeCIaCTHbIH CJlyaH
- 51 Bl1lKY B apKe Ha rrOJlrrYTI1 OCTalOBHJlC)I ooeall - CKaaaJl OH ( IlOKTOp KJlOHlmK) - HaBepshy
Hoe lJTO-TO np0l130IllJIO lt gt - 0 ltigtJlOPHC - rrpOH3HeCJla JIIIJlH- HaBep)lKa rrpOll30WeJl HeCIaCTHhlii cJlY Iaii noe311 H11shy
Koma He OCTaHaBJlHBaeTC)I B apKe 51lYMaJO nOll OOe3111l0naJl CTapHK HJlH pe6eHoK KOHelHO pe6eshy21lHOK
C MbICJlblO 0 nOe3J1e KOTOPbIH np11Hec HeClaCTbe JII1J111 yMl1paeT 11 I1MeHHO 3TOT nOe3J1 n oshy
MoraeT JlOKTOpy KJlOHJlaHKY C6eJKaTb 113 l JaHC110fIa nocJle ee CMepTI1
K aK YJKe rOBOpllJlOCh BbIllle B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHJlaHKraquo CMepTb JIHJlI1 06pa3yeT
KYJl bMHHallHIO - 3MOIlHOHaJIbHbIH KOMn031111110fIHblH 11 TeMaTI1eCKI1 H u eHTpllo 3TOro MOshy
MeHTa C06bITI1H npOI1CxOJlH llllle C K aJlMafICOMKJlOHllaHKOM MorYT 6bITb pacc~IOTpeHbI KaK
COCTaBJlHIOIlll1e npouecca BXOJKJleHllH fJlaBHoro nepCOHaJKa B TaK Ha3bIBaeMYlO TallHCTBeHshy
HYro 06JI aCTb 11 npe6blBaHllH B fIeH J1 nCI1XOMaXllleCKHe nOBeCTBOBaHHH CTPOHTCH laquoHa MOTI1shy
Be noxOlla nepellBllJKe HHH B MeTacentOpl11eCKll HarpYJKeHHOe npOCTpaHCTBO llJlH JKe npe6bIBashy
HHe B HeMgt2 110 MHeHHIO Mllronbl1 nepeMeIlleHlle (Ha JlOJlKe noe3l1e CaMOJleTe n eWKOM)
0603HaaeT JlyxOBHoe nOCBHllleHl1e HHl1l1l1aUlllO 11J111 MeTaMOpcent03y22
TaKI1M 06pa30M paCCKa3 ~lloKTop K JlOHJlaHKraquo MOJKHO npOlI1TaTb KaK B peaJII1CTJ1ecshy
KOM TaK 11 B centI1JlOCOcentCKOM 11 nFI1XOJlOrlleCKOM KJlIOe B 3TOM p aCCKa3e - xapaKTepHaH IIJlH
centJ1JlOCOcentCKOH KOHlIenUI111 X epMaHca np06J1eMa caMOOnpeJleJleHHH repOH npOXOJKlleHl1e HM
npouecca HHllUl1aUl111 11 6eCnJlOJlHbIH nOI1CK nOpHJlKa B xaOTllHOM Ml1pe BOnJlOllleHbl B centopshy
Me COBpeMeHHOH nCI1XOMaXI1I1 COeJlI1HHlOllleH B ce6e rJly60KYIO nCllXOJlOrl11eCKYIO pa3pa6oTKY
11 oco6yIO cyrrecTI1BHOCTb T aKaH MHOrOCJlOHHOCTb 11 3aW11centPOBaHHOCTb TeKCTa npeJlCTaBJlHshy
lOT C060H BaJKHYIO IepTY n 03TI1KI1 3HaMeHI1TOrO Hl1l1epJla HJlCKOrO pOMaHI1CTa BI1J1JleMa ltIgtpeshy
lIepl1Ka XepMaHca
I B 1981 r 13 C60PIIHKC COI3PCMClllltUl IIHIICp Jla lf) lCKafl 1I 0IlCJIJla (M) 6bIJII-1 o lly6JIH KOna llhi IlCPCBOtlhl lnyx
ere pallmlX 1I0Be)I)1 q3JICKTpOTcpamuu H ltllloKTop KJIOIIJlaHK KroMe Taro BM JI Bltlgt X cpM allca YIJOMHlIaCTCfI [J
KpaTKOH JlHTcpaTyplloB JI I I IH KJIQIICJIMH H IiOJlb llJ OH COIJCTCKO ) IIIIH KJlonC1I H H
2 CHel le llH 0 6HOrpa~gtHH H TBOP4CCTIJC mICaTCJI) 1I04cpnllYThi 113 CJl eJlyIOlIl~I X I1CTOllHl1(On Glaudemans W WE Hermans II Kritisch lit Icx Novcmber 1988 P 1-18 CTaThH lIa J1I1TCJ1 I1 CT-ca~iTax wwwliTTnairnl H
wwwb[J1oa nl OT 20102005 Glaudemans W WF Hermans P 7-9 bull Smulders W Met de linker- en rechterhand geschreven Wilem Frederik Hermans en de Ii teraire conventies
Verboden toegang essays over het werk van Wilem Frederik Hermans gcvolgd door een vraaggesprek met de schrijvcr IOnder redacti e van l W Smulders Utrecht 1989 P84- 121
lt Ihid 6 nOlPo61ICCCM MH(I)oJIOrHlCCKH~i Cllouaph l PClt EM MCJICTHIICKHH M 1992 MellemullcKUu EM n03THKa
MJ1~)a M 1976 lt1gtp33ep iIl 30JIOTafi OCTOlgt J1 CCJICJlOl3aIlHC ManlH H pCJIHIl1J1 I n cp call M 1983 2-c U3Jl
allUaae M PeH rMH ABCTpaJHH CIl6 1998 Smulders W Paulina (Au pair) vers ierd of misbruikt Nederlandse letterkunde 2005Jg 10 N 3 september
P 174- 175
20
11 Dupuis M Hcrmltlns dynlI11ick de roTllflnwcrcld van v F Hcrmans Hassclt 1985 J TcMa COIICp lll-l-lCCTl1a C OTllOM UJ1I1I1CpCOllaaltCM ltlCCO IUIHPY IOIIUmiddotIMCJI COTIlOrI lHlUKTC51 m a YII Mo ii II THOpYCCTnC
XcpMalica llmt Toro YT06hl repoii n anlCJI cc61 UCTIJI CltlMOCTCHlTCJlhllhIM CMY IIco6xOiliHIO npcnmiiTl-1 crlOcroOTlla 110 I) TO)KC IJPCM51 OTellflllJUICTCH I l) IH IICro II CaJIOM K CO)l(aJICIHIIO ncc 1I01lh1TKI1 rcpml IIpcniO imiddotiT H OT Illt1 IVIII XOHI
O hl 1I0PIII1HlThC51 c III1M 06pCYCIlbi J1JlCaJI OT1J II ClOCnDK UM (06 rrOtol CM Dupuis M Hermans dynamick P 213shy214)
FOlltijnJj HA Zuster en superego Raster 1971 S P280-296 11 3 Ta TCMaTHYCCKaH JIHIIIIH aIlToOUOrpa(l lHlJ lla POJnrreJnl XcpMalica Deema CTalH1JHI CM Y II Ilp l-IM Cp cra ceCTpy
Kapl lClIl110 KOTOp~j1 BIIOCJICICTIIIIImiddotI IIOKOIIYImiddotlJla )KU31 1h CltlfllOy611MCrDaM
Il Helmans WF Het grate mcdclijdcn Vcrzamclclc novcllcn Amsterdam 2002 P 129 Ibid P 125 Ibid P 131 133 15 0 IICHXOMaXI1H CM Dupuis M Dc psyche in dc spiegelkamcr psychomachic in ltIe hcdcndaagse roman Gcnt
2000 De donkere kamer van Damoklcs als psychomachie Vcrhoden toegang P 122-154 IIi 0 IIOWITImiddotHI ltIlCI1XOMaXI-UI Igt CM Dupuis M De psyche in de spicgclkamcr Ibid P 15 Ibid P 130 Herman WF Het grote medelijdcn P 144 Ibid P 140 Dupuis M De psyche in de spiegclkamcr P 133 22 Ibid
C-raTb llocrYlU1Jla n pCJlpoundlKIlHIO 27 qJCBpaJIH 2006 r
Page 4
HOCTI1 HropaJI H TpeTb5 centa3bI (rrorPY)I(emle B KOCMI1leCKoe He6bITI1e 11 B03pO)l(AeHI1e repo5 B
HOBOM cTaTyce) B KOHuenUHH XepMaHca MeIUlJOTC5I MeCTaMH - repOH CHalaJIa MY)I(aeT a rroshy
TOM rrorpY)I(aeTC5I B He6bITHe H nepBHIHbIH xaoc BMeCTO B03pO)l(AeHH5I
B HCCJIeAOBaHH5IX 6eJIbfHHCKOro JIHTepaTypOBella M LlIonbH HarJI5IlIHO lIeMOHCTpl1shy8PyeTC5I KaK pa3BHBaeTC5I cueHapHH I1HHUHaUI1H Y XepMaHca fJIaBHblH repOH CTpeMHTC5I K
HleaJIY 6YlIb TO rrOJ1(K HCTHHbI c06CTBeHHOH HlIeHTHIHOCTI1 caMOpeaJIH3aUH5I CTaHOBJleHl1e
JIHIHOCTH rrorrhITKa H306peTeHH5I HJIH OTKphITH5I 1ero-JIH60 HOBoro Ho rrOCTerreHHO repo51
rrOCTHraeT pa30lapOBaHHe ITO BhI3bIBaeT 1YBCTBO OTIY)l(leHH5I repOM OC03HaeT ITO OH Bceshy
rna rrpe6hIBaJI H 6YleT rrpe6bIBaTb B xaoce
ITpOCJIelHM KaKI1M 06pa30M 11306pa)l(eHa I1HHUl1aUI151 repo51 B paccKa3e laquoLlOKTOP KnOHshy
lIaMKraquo
fJlaBHhIM r epOM cDJIOPHC KaJIMaHC KaKI1M ero BI1lHT 1I1TaTeJIh B HalaJIe paccKa3a OlHshy
HOK OH HHIeM He CB53aH Ho BMeCTe C TeM OleBI1lHO HaCKOJIbKO Ba)l(eH lJI5I Hera 06pa3 AOKTOshy
pa XeHMeJIpeHKa OH - ell1HCTBeHHhIH lpyr KaJIMaHCa e Iue CO cTYleHIeCKl1x BpeMeH KaJIshy
MaHC TaK H He 3aKOHIHJI Kypca H He rrOJIylI1JI lOKTOpCKoro ll1rrJIOMa B TO BpeM5I KaK
XeHMeJIpeMK - orrhTTHbTH rrpaKTI1KyJOlll1H Bpal KaJIMaHC HI1 K 1eMY 11 HI1 K KOMY He rrpHB5Ishy
3aH OlHaKO OH I1CnbITbIBaeT rroTpe6HOCTb B 061leHI111 C XeHMeJIpeT1KOM OH XOleT 1T06bI TOT
era nOH5IJI H nOMor eMy
XeMMeJIpeMK 5IBJ15IeTC5I B onpelleJIeHHOM OTHOWeHHI1 nepCOHa)l(eM KOTOPhIM aCCOUI1Hshy
pyeTc5I lJI5I KaJIMaHCa C 06pa30M OTua l1MeHHo XeHMeJIpeHK npl1lyMaJI eMY HOBoe HM5I shy
lOKTOP KJIOHlaMK OH 6YKBaJIhHO C031(aJI H3 Hero HOBora 1eJIOBeIia Ha XeirMeJIpeirKa XOleT
6hITb Terreph rroxO)l( KJIOHl(airK OH CTaJII(JI5I Hera I1l(eaJIOM I1MeHHO era HY)l(HO y6el(HTh KJIOHshy
lIaMKY B cBoeir rrpaBoTe H TaKHM 06pa30M rrpeB30iiTH ero HaHTH ce651 H peaJIH30BaTbC5I
Ho Bce )I(e repoir KaJIMaHC Terrepb rroll HOBhIM HMeHeM 1(0KTOpa KJIOHl(airKa OCTaeTC5I
B a6COJIJOTHOM H30JI5IUHI1 Koma OH HalI1HaeT JIelI1Th JIHJIH OH He HaXOl(l1T nOllIep)l(KH y
XeMMeJIpeHKa HHKTO He BCpHT B ero MeTOI( lJT06hI peaJIl130BaTbC5I KJIOHl(aMKY He06xol(HMO
I(OKa3aTh l(eircTBeHHOCTb CBoera MeTOl(a Le BbIJlelHTb JII1JII1 H C I(pyrair CTOPOHbI npeB30Mshy
TI1 TaKHM 06pa30M XeirMeJIpeirKa-OTL(a EMY lTD KaK 6Yl(TO YllaeTC5J JIHJIH nOCTeneHHO BbI3shy
1(0paBJIHBaeT HeCMOTp5J Ha TO ITO MHorl1e BpalI1 B TOM 1HCJIe XeirMeJIpeMK CIHTaJIH ee 60shy
JIe3Hb 6e3Hale)l(HhIM CJIYlaeM Ho B TOT MOMeHT KOrlIa nocJle CMepTH JIHJlH KJlOHl(aMKY
nO-HaCT05JlleMY HY)l(Ha rrOMOllh XeirMeJlpeirKa TOT 6eCCJlelIHO I1Cle3aeT TaKHM 06pa30M
XeHMeJlpeMK rrpel(aeT KJlOHlIairKa 11 KaK B 60JlhWI1HCTBe np0l13Bel(eHI1H XepMaHca centHrypa
OTua (KaK 3eMHoro TaK H He6ecHora) CTaHOBI1TC5I aM6I1BaJleHTHoM
B npouecce I1HI1UHaUHH CTaHOBJleHH5I rcpo51 Ba)l(HhI TaK)I(e OTHOlleHH5I KaJlMaHCa -
KJlOHlIaMKa C )I(eHIlI1HaMH B lIaHHOM paccKa3e CTOHT BhIlIeJlHTh lIBa )I(eHCKHX 06pa3a - JIHJlH
H Mel(CeCTphI cDeppo JIHJlH - 06beKT cTpacTH KJlOHlIairKa H Ta PMH Koro OH npelInpHHHMashy
eT norrbITKY caMopeaJII13aUHH MellcecTpa cDeppo - rrepCOHa)l( KOTOPbIir accoUHHpyeTc5I C
CeCTpOH
T eM a oTHoweHHH Me)l(l(Y 6paToM H ceCTpoH Hepel(KO 3BylHT B TBOpleCTBe XepMaHca
TaK repoH XepMaHca laCTO CT05lT nepel( BhI60pOM - MHp cecTpbI HJlI1 MHp cynep3ro1II MHP
cecTphI OJIHueTBOp5leT C060M naCCHBHoe cYlleCTBOBaHHe rrocJlywaHHe p0lHTeJl5lM noCTOshy
5IHHyJO MOPaJIbHYIo 3aBHcHMoCTb OT MHeHH5I cecTphI repoM BCerlIa HaXOI(HTC5I rrolI ee IIaBJleshy
HHeM MelCeCTpa cDeppo He BepHT B MeTOl K JlOHlairKa nbITaeTC5I rrepey6elIHTh era OlHaKO
OH Olep)l(HBaeT rr06eAY Hal laquoceCTpoir~ H B KOHue KOHUOB OHa corJlaWaeTC5I npHMeHHTb era
HOBbIM MeTOl MelIeCTpa cDeppo KaK H lOKTOP XeHMeJlpeirK - HeOlH0311alHbIH 06pa3 C OI(HOH CTOPOHhI OHa nOHalaJIY HaCTpoeHa npOTHB rep05l OH lIOJl)l(eH ee llepey6el(HTb Ilpeshy
16
B30HTH npHleM Ha ee lKe laquoTeppHTOpHHraquo H o B TO lKe BpeM)I OHa - e1(HHCTBeHHblrl 1eJlOBeK
KTO 1(eHCTBHTeJlbHO CTapaeTC)I nOMOlb KJlOfllai1xy
K JIHJlI1 K JlOH1(aHK TaKlKe I1cnblTblBaeT aM611BaJleHTHbIe 1YBCTBa LlYMa)l 0 HeH OH
CMeeTC)I 11 nJlaleT OlflOBpeMeHHO KOr1(a-TO OHa YH11311J1a e r o 11 Tenepb OH KaJaJlOCb 6bl MOshy
lKeT ToplKeCTBOBaTb BI11()I ee YHl1lKeHl1e OH npelCTaBJI)leT ce6e ITO ee 60JIe3Hb - lTO B03shy
MOlKHO CJle1(CTBHe ero npOKJI)lTb)l
CTYlleHT cnaqaJla 3aCMe~JlC Hall CUOIIM npellnOJlOgtKeHl1eM HO n OToM YgtKe nepelliluepblo 1l0Ma
THXO 3an) laKLlJI B ellb OH ei1 TaKor o HIfKorna He )KellaJI Eft CTOJIb npeKpac Hoii H ewe CTQJlb JOHo~iI 2
OH npOlu aeT ee 11 nbITaeTC)I nOBepl1Tb B IIX B03MOlKHoe CJaCTJII1BOe 6Y1(y wee H JlIOshy
60Bb H o B cpHJIOCOcpCKOi1 KOHuenUl111 XepMaHca B3al1MHa)l Jl1060Bb cnoc06Ha)l 06J1epII1Tb
cywecTBoBalm e 1eJIOBeKa B MHpe xaoca B eB03MOlKHa ee npocTo HeT TaK II B 3TOM paccKa3e
repoH 06pele Hbl Ha HeCIaCTbe JII1J111 y AmpaeT a 1(OKTOP K JlOH1(ai1K KOTOPbIH B CYWHOCTH 11
He )I BJI)leTC)I 1(OKTOpOM He B COCTO)lHI1 I1 ee c nacTJoI ITbITa)lCb HaHTI1 CBOH MeTO1( JlCIeHI1)1 H
CnaCTI1 JIHJlI1 K JIOH1(ai1K nbITaeTC)I C03laTb CBOIO ynop)l1(OlelmYIO HO MHcpl11eCKY IO peaJlbshy
HOCTb VI HeCMOTp)I Ba TO ITO Ha KaKOM-TO 3Tane OH l06I1BaeTC)I ycnexa non blTKa 06peleHa
Ha Kpax hoT paccKa3 oTpalKaeT TaKHM 06pa30M KO HuenUl11o X epMaHca - repOH Be MOlKeT
3asepWHTb npouecc HBHlHaUI1H Oll B e nepe pOlKlaeTC)I OB B03BpawaeTC)I B xaoc
KpOMe peanHCTI1 1eCKoro 11 CPI1J10cocpCKoro paccKa3 3aKJlIOIaeT B ce6e B03MOlKHOCTb
TpeTbero npOlTeHI1)1 Ih06bl Bbl)lBI1 Tb 3TOT TpeTI1H laquoCJlOHraquo TeKcTa YleJIYIM BHI1MamIe HeKOshy
TOPbl M HappaTOJIOrl11eCKI1M acn eKTaM paccKa3a
COrJlaCHO KOHuenUIm XepMaHca p aCCKa3 11J111 pOMal He MOlKeT 6blTb 1l0CTOBepHblM
oT06palKeImeM leHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTI1 KOTOPYIO Bo06we HeB03MOlKHO onHcaTb HJlH o T06pa3HTb
EIlHBCTBeHHoe ITO MOlKeT npelJlOlKHTb B CBoeM npOH3 BeleHIII1 n l1CaTeJlb - aTO ero c06CTBeHshy
Hoe BHleHHe MHpa C BOII np0l13 Be1(eml)l X e pMaHC Bcer)(a CTapaeTCiI HaleJIHTb 1eTKO i1 CTPYKshy
TYPOH n OTOMY ITO B p eaJlbHOH leHCTBl1TeJlbBOCTI1 ee HeT J1106a)l KOMn 03HUHOHHa5I i CTaJlb
lO~lKH a BbInOJlH)l Tb CPYHKUH10 C03llaHI1)1 UeJIOCTHOCTH 11 ynop51lOl e nHOCTI1 Bcero np0I13Beshy
leHH)I
Ha KOM n 03HUl10HHOM y pOBHe MOlKHO npOCJlelHTb ITO paCCKa3 XOTb H He pa3)(eJleH na
rJIaBbl HO HeCOMHeHHO BKJl IOraCT B ce6)13Kcn03HUHoimylO 1aCTb ( pa3rOBOp KaJlM a HCa C X eHshy
~leJlperlKOM B ero npHeM Hoi1) 3aBil3KY (BCTpeCla C JIHJIH B naHCUOHe Mecppay ltDenTe) p a3pashy
60TKY ( JIeIeHHe JII-IJIH) KYJIbMHHaUI1IO ( CMepTb J1~IJlH) H pa3BH3KY (repOHnpH C3lKaeT Ha
n06epelKbC) M O)I(HO npOCJ1 ellHTb KaK reporl COBepmaeT HeKoe rrYTewecTBHe - H3 rrpl1eMHoi1 bull
KOMHaTbl lOKTOpa X eHMeJlp ei1Ka B nanCHOH Mecppay ltDeHTe 11 B KOHue KOHUOB OKa3bIBaeTCiI
Ha n06ep elKbe B naBCHOHe C HHM npOHcxOilHT MeTaMOPCP03a OB npeBpa uaeTC5I B lOKTOpa
KJlOHllaHKa H B CBoeM BOBOM cTaTyce fiblTaeTC)I n ocTpoHTb c I1cTeMY H npl1BHeCTH IWP)llOK B
OKp YlKalOWH H 1mp 3aTeM npOI1CXO1(HT p erpeccl1)1 OB OC03HaeT ITO BOKpy r xaoc
B npOH3BeleHHilX XepMaHca BCerla Qpe3BbIIaHHO CYUleCTBe HHO Olll1CaHHe npOCTpaHshy
CTBa ECJlU y lPYrux aBTop OB npOCTpaHCTBeHHblH acneKT onHCaIiHe MeCTa noporl )lBJI)lIOTCiI
leKOpI1pYlOweiJ 1aCTbIO n pOH3Be1(eHl1)1 TO y XepMaBca S 1aCTH OCTH B paCCKa3e laquoLlOKTOP
KJlOH)(aHKraquo npocTpaHcTBo n poCTpaHcTBeHHbIe MOTHBbI 1eTKO BblleJleHbI H CTa HOB)lTC51 BalKshy
HblMH a6CTp aKTHblMH MOTH BaM I1
TaK naHCHOH Meqlpay ltDenTe B KOTOPOM lKHBeT JII1J1H ee KOMHaTa H306palKeHbi YCTshy
pawaIOUIHMH lKyTKI1MI1 LlBepb B 1(OM paCnOJlOlKeHa B ap Ke KOTOPYIO OCBeWalOT orpOMHble
)l pKl1e cpOHapl1 nOTOM Y qTO 1epC3 3Ty apKy npOxOlHT rrOe3l H Ha aTOM nOBopOTe npOHCXOshy
l11T MHOro HeCIaCTHbIX cJlyqaCB Ih06bl IlOL(HilTbCH B KOMHaTY J111J1H He06xOllHMO npOn TH
17
no TeM HOM llepeBHHHOM CKpHnYICM JleCTHl1uelllloMe lKl1BYT CTpaHHble CYMaCUleLU1I1C 60JIbshy
Hble HJII1 H3YBeIeHHble JIIOIlI1 H LOKTOP XeMMeJIpeMK Ha3 bl BaeT 3TOT lTaHCHOH H aCTOHLUHM
a HaTOMHIeCKHM MY3eeM 11
JlJIH XepMaHca xapaKTcpHO ITpOTHBOnOCTaBJIelnle npOCTpaHCTB llaHCHOH HaXOIlHTCH
Ha OKpaHHe ropOlla npaKTHICCKH 3a ero lepToii ITOe31l coellHHHeT LYLUHhIM ropOIl 3aCTpoeH shy
HbIM 6JIOlHbIMH 1l0MaMH C MOPCKHM n06cpelKbeM llOe31l npoe3lKaeT 1epe3 apKY Hall KOTOshy
POM H HaXOIlHTCH KOMHaTa lIHJIH KaK 6bI Ha rpaHl1ue K OMHaTa lIHJIH BCerlla npOTHBOITOCshy
TaBJIHeTCH BHIlY H3 OKHa oc06eHHO BalKHO ITpH 3TOM ITO lIHJIH He B COCTOHHHH llalKe
nOCMOTpeTb B OKHO H YBHlleTb 1TO -Jll160 KpoMe 1eTblpex CTeH nOTOMY lTO npHKOBaHa K ITO-
CTeJIH
o TOM ITO BHIlHO 3a OKHOM lIHJIH paCCKa3hIBaeT 1l0KTOP KJIoHllaMK 3aXOllHLUee Kpacshy
Hoe H KpyrJIOe KaK JIYImiddotta COJIHue HrpaIOLUHe lleTH npH6JImKellHe BeCHbl C HeCKpbIBaeMOH
ropeIbIO lIHJIH 3aMeIaeT laquoAx KaK 6bl H XOTeJIa Bce 3TO CHOBa YBHLeTb H o 51 LOJIlKHa JIelKaTb
3LeCb HenOIlBHlKHO H 6e3MOJIBHO ELl1HCTBeHHoe lTO 51 BHlKY OT p eaJIbJ-IOtI lKH3HH - TYCKshy
Jlbltl oT6JIeCK Ha 060HX~11 (ABTop HCCOMHeHHO HCnOJIb3yeT aJIJII03HIO Ha MHltP llJIaTOHa 0
neLUepe) 113 3Toro ITPOTI1BOIT OCTaBJleHHH OIeBHlleH KOI-lTpaCT LBYX npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIX 06shy
pa30B - 3aKpbITa51 KOMHaTa lIHJIH C TeH5IMI1 Ha CTeHe H MHp 3a OKHOM C Call5lLUHMC5I COJIHueM
06JIaIltaMH H CBelKHM B03nYXOM ABTop HrpaeT Ha 1T03THIeCKHX KOHTpaCTax
TaKoe ITpHCTaJIbHOe BHHMaHH e aBTopa K npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIM MOTH BaM H lpe3 BbIIaH shy
HO n Ollp06Hble OIHCaHHH MeCTa LeHCTBHH H eCOMHeHHO CJIYlKaT CBHlleTeJIbCTBOM TOro ITO
nepeL HaMH rrCHXOMaXHIeCKOe nOBeCTBOBaHHe ChOT TepMHH HCrrOJIb3yeTcH eBponeMCKHshy
MH J111TepaTypOBenaMH IlJIH 0603HaleHHH oc060ro THna nOBeCTBOBaHHH B KOTOPOM ueHTshy
paJlbHaH TeMa - nYUleBHbIM KOHltpJIHKT repOH - HaxonHT OTpalKeHHe BO BHeUlHHX ltpaKTOshy
pax CaMO CJIOBO laquonCHXOMaXH5I raquo npHWJIO H3 aHTHlHOH JIHTepaTypbl rne OHO CJI YlKHJIO
IlJI5I laquo0603HaleHHH oc060ro BHna aJIJlerOpHIeCKOrO npOH3BeJleHHH B KOTOPOM BHYTpeHHHH
KOHltpJIHKT repo51 OTpalKaJICH BO BHeWHHX C06bITH5I X ~ Hi 3 UfMOJIOrHleCKH OHO BOCXOIlHT K
rpeleCKHM CJIOBaM IjIUXll nywa IlYX H ~laXll 60pb6a KOHltpJIHKT TpaLHUHOHlIO B JIHTep aTyshy
pOBeLeHHI1 TepMHH laquo nCHXOMaXH5Iraquo 0603 HaIaJl aJIJl e r OpHleCKOe npOH3 BelleHl1e B ueHTpe
KOTOPOro HaXOLl1TCH JIH60 nyweBHblH KOHltpJIY1KT repOH JIH60 6 0Pb6a L06pOneTeJleM C noshy
pOKaMH
llepBbIM nOJIHOCTblO aJIJIerOpWleCKHM npOH3BenelHleM OITHCblBalOLUHM 60Pb6y n06shy
pOlleTeJIet1 C 1T0pOKaMH HBJI5IeTCH n03Ma HcrraHCKoro n03Ta IV B H 3 llpYlleHlHH laquo llCHXOshy
MaXHHraquo OTrOJIOCKH KOTOPOM CJIbIW aTCH BO MHorHX npOH3BeneHHHX cpenHeBeKOBOM JIHTe pashy
TYPbl BCOBpeMeHHOM JIHTepaTypOBeneHHH npl1HlHn nCHXOMaXHH 1T0JIYlHJI pacnpOCTpaHeHile
KaK npOIlYKTHBHbIM MeTon HCCJIeIlOBaHHH OCHOBaHHbIH Ha paCCMOTpeHHH C06bITI1MHOM CTOshy
POHbl np0l13BeneHHH KaK ITpOeKlHH nyweBHoM60Pb6bl repOH TaK B KJI[Ole nCHXOMaXHH 6eJIbshy
mHCKHH JIHTepaTypOBell M JlIOlTbH npellJIaraeT paCCMaTpHBaTb nalKe HeKOTopble npOH3Beshy
lleHHiI HB [orOJIiI ltDM JlOCTocBCKoro r JllKerlMca a TaKlKe nHCaTeJIeH XX B - ltD KaltpKH
[ Ka3aKa lI 13opxeca ITO KacaeTCH rOJl JIaHIlCKOM JIHTepaTypbI TO 3TOT MeTOIl OKa3blBaeTCiI
HaH60JIee npOnYKTHBHblM npH HCCJIenOBaHI1H TBOpleCTBa nHCaTeJIeH XX B - 13opneBeMKa
CJIaY3pxoltpltPa BeCTlleMKa MIOJIHWa XaMeJIHHKa17
llCI1XOMaXHleCKHl1 ITpHHlHn B c OBpeMeHHoM npOlTeHHI1 TecHeMwHM 06pa30M CBH3aH
C nCHXOJIOrl1leCKHM a HaJIH30M B JIHTepaType ECJlH paccMaTpHBaTb nCI1XOMaXHIO B 06LUeM
CMblCJIe KaK lKaHp npoH3BelleHHH oTpalKaIOlUero 60Pb6y B nywe r epOil TO BbIHCHHTCH ITO
3TOT Tep MHH npHMeHHM K JII060MY npOH3BeneHHIO rne nonHHMaeTCH nCHXOJIOrHIeCKaH nposhy
6JIeMaTH Ka OITHCbIBaeTCH nCHXOJlOrl11eCKHH KOIIltpJIHKT r epOil 6ynb TO nYlUeBHblM KOHltpJIHKT
BO BHYTpeHHeM MHpe repOH HJIH KOHltpJII1KT MelKny repoeM H BHeLUHHM MHPOM npymMH reshy
18
P05MH 06CT05TeJlbCTBaMH OCHXOJlOrWleCKlt15 np06J1eMaTHKa B TpauHUHOIHIOM pOMaHC MOshy
lKeT COAeplKaTbC5 HMnJlI1UI1THO 11 np04l1TblBaTbC5 no nOBeneHI110 rep05 JIH60 lKe 3KCnJlIlshy
UHTHO - B Bl1ne xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1 rep05 113 yCT paCCKa3IHKa I1JIH caMoro nepCOHalKa HJlH lKe
H3 YCT APYfHX repoeB
KaK 6bl TO HI1 6bIJIO nCI1XOJlOfH4eCKa5 np06J1eMaTHKa B Tpanl1UI10HHOM peaJIl1CTWleCshy
KOM pOMaHe OCTaeTC5 JlI1Wb 06beKTOM onHCaHH5 11 He MOlKeT OKa3blllaTb BJlH5HI15 1middotla KOMnoshy
3HUI1IO pOMaHallJl5 nCI1XOMaXI1 H KaK pa3 xapaKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCI1XOMaXWleCKOM pOMashy
He HJlH paCCKa3e nCHXOJlOrWleCKa5 np06J1eManlKa nepeCTaeT 6blTb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBHTC5
cy6beKToM nOnlHH55 ce6e pa3IlI1THe c06bITI1HlleHcTIlI1TeJlbHOCTb BOCnp0I13BOnI1Ma5 B nCI1shy
XOMaxHlecKOM paCCKa3e 11J111 pOMaHe 5BJl5eTC5 He TeaTpOM nJl5 BHYTpeHHem KOHqJlI1KTa
rep05 HO cnoc060M BblpalKeHl1eM 3Toro KOHqJlI1KTa
KaK YKa3blBaeT lllonbl1 TaKa5 pa3pa60TKa npe3eHTa UI15 n CI1XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eshy
MaTHKI1 xapaKTepHa nJl5 aBaHrapnHCTcKoro I1CKyccTBa B n epBY10 olepeAb AJI5 3KcnpeccHoshy
HI13Ma 11 c10ppeaJIH3Ma OOlTOMY AaHHblfl MeTOA oc06emlO npoAYKTI1BeH AJl5 aHaJJI13a JlI1Teshy
p aTypbl XX B VlCnOJlb30BaHl1e npl1HUHna nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKoTopblM npoH3BeAeHH5M aBTopon
XIX B rOBOpl1T 0 TOM ITO 3TI1 aBTopbl onepelKaJlH cnoe BpeM5 nOAHHMa5 pa3pa60TKY nCHshy
XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eMaTHKI1 Ha HOBblH y pOBeHb
VlTaK nCI1XOMaXWleCKIIM noneCTBOBaHHeMB COBpeMeHHOM mlTepaTypOBeAeHHH ClI1shy
TaeTC5TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJIIOCa cy6beKT CwweBHble n epelKl1llaHH5 rep05) H 06beKT (OKpYlKashy
10ma5 AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTb) COBMemeHbl - cy6beKTl1BHOe CKPblTO nOJIHOCTbIO 3a HOBOH KalKyshy
m eHC51 06beKTl1BHOCTbIO ee 11306palKelme npOHCXOAI1T I1CKJlIOIl1TeJlbHO Ha MeTaqopWleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo8 llpyrHMI1 CJI0BaMI1 Bce 3J1eMeHTbl xYAOlKeCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06 bITI15 06beKshy
TI1BHO npOI1CXOn5 IUHe C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX OH OKa3bIBaeTC5 n epCOHalKl1 C KOTOPblMH
OH CTaJlKHBaeTC5 oT06palKaIOT em BHYTpeHHl010 lKH31Ib 5BJI5IOTC5 npOeK1lH5MH BHyTpeHHeshy
ro MHpa nepCOHalKa 06beKTI1BHb1H Ml1p CTalIOBHTCiI 3epKaJIOM BHyTpeHHHx nepelKHBaHI1H
r epoil
M lllOnbH AaeT KJlaCCHqHKaUHlO 3J1eMeHTOB 06beKTI1BIlOrO Ml1pa KOTopble peryJl5pshy
HO HcnOJlb3YIOTC5 B nCI1XOMaXHleCKOM nOBeCTBOBalIl111 11 yqacTBYIOT B 11306palKeHI1l1 BHYTshy
p e1meH 60Pb6bl rep05 3J1eMeHTb1 KOTopb1e oc06eHlIO YA061lb1 AJl5 npOeUl1pOBaHH5 Ha lIHX
nCI1XOJlOrHH nepCOllalKeit TaK nCI1XOMaXHleCKHe p aCCKa3b1 OleHb laCTO nOCTpoe Hb1 Ha MOshy
THBe n e p eMem eHI15 H3 OAHoro npOCTpa HCTBa B A pyroe npHlIUHnHaJlbHO OTJlHlHOe OT nepBOshy
m H MeTaqopWleCKH 3HalHMOe HJlI1 lKe Ha MOTHne npe6bIBaHI15 B nOA06110M lame Bcem
3aKpblTOM MeCTe rAe repOH npe6bIBaroT BpeM eH HO 3TO MOryT 6b1Tb rOCTI1HHUbl TpaKTl1pbl a
B AaHHOM paCCKa3e - n a HCl10H Meqpay lt1gterlTe KOH e4 Hh1M n YHKTOM nYTeweCTBI1H repoeB Il
60JlbWl1HCTBe CJlYlaeB 6bIBa10T nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera nOIOeMOB 3qqeKT B03HHKaeT 3a CleT
npOTI1BOnOCTaBJle HI15 3aMKHYTblX TlmOB npOCTpaHCTBa C031aHHbiX 4eJlOBeKOM OTKPbITbIM
npl1pOIHblM rle uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHlaHK~ repOH B KOHue CBoe ro laquonposhy
CTpaHCTBeHHoro nepeMeme1l15 raquo OKa3blBaeTC5 Ha MOPCKOM n06epelKbe B oKpYlKeHHI1 Heshy
06Y31aHHOH nepBl1lHOI1 CTI1XI1H rle 3aKaHll1BaeTCiI em MeTaMopq03a
MOKpa5 paKymKa npIfBJleKJla ero BHHMaIHle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM 0 nOIH]] ee 11 lleplKa paKy mKy
B pYKe npOCToJI ueJlblH 4ac Bnepl1B B3rJlllil B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 310 BpeMiI paKymKa BbICOXJla 11 KaK
OU HI1 Tep ee pYKaBOM oua 60Jlbme YlKe He 3a6J1eCTeJla
KpOMe npOTHBonOCTaBJleHI15 npocTpaHcTBeHHb1x 06pa30B cYluecTBelmyro POJlb B nCH
XOMaXl1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHl111 I1rpaeT 11 cnoc06 nepeMemeHI15 HeKaiI rtepeMema10ma5 cy6shy
CTaHUI1i1 TaK 06paTl1M BHI1MaHl1e Ha o6pa3 nOe31a B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KnoHlaI1Kraquo C 01shy
19
PORMH 06CTORTeJThCTIlaMH TIcHXOJIOrl1leCKaR np06JJeMaTHKa B TPJHIIHOHHOM pOMaHe MOshy
)(eT cOlle p)(aTbCR HMnJJHUHTHO H npOlHTblBaTbCR no IIOBelleHHlO repOR JII160 )(e 3KCnJJHshy
UHTHO - B BHlle xapaKTepHCTHKH repOIl H3 YCT paCC Ka3IHKa HJIH caM oro n e pCOHa)(a I1JJH )(e
H3 YCT IlPYrHX r epoeB
KaK 6bI TO HH 6bIJJO rrCHXOJJOrHleCKall rrp06JleMaTHKa B TpallHUHOHHOM peaJJHCTHleCshy
KOM pOMa He OCTaeTCIl JlHlIlb 06beKTOM onHcaHHIl 11 He MO)(eT OKa3bIIlaTb BJJHllHHIl Ha KOMnoshy
311UHIO pOMaBa JlJJIl n CHXOMaXHH KaK pa3 xap aKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCHXOMaXHleCKOM pOMashy
lIe I1JJH paCCKa3e nCI1XOJJOrl1IeCKal np06JJeMaTI1Ka n epeCTaeT 6bITb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBI1TCIl
cy6beKToM nOlllHHllR ce6e p a3BI1THe C06bITI1H JleHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTb BocrrpOH3BOllHMal B n CH shy
XOMaXH I eCKOM paCCKa3e HJJI1 pOMaHe llBJJlleTCIl He TeaTpOM llJJIl BHYTpe HHero KOHltjJJJHKTa
r epOll HO cnoc060M Bblpa)KeHHeM 3TOro KOHltjJJJHKTa
K aK YKa3blBaeT JllonbH TaKa51 pa3pa60TKanpe3eHTa UI111 rrCI1XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeshy
MaTI1KH xapaKTepHa llJlll aBaHraplll1CTCKOro HCKYCCTBa Il nepBYIO OIepeLb lIJlll 3KcrrpeCCHOshy
HH3Ma 11 ClOppeaJJl13Ma 103TOMY llaHHhlH ~IeTOlI oc06emlO npOlIYKTI1BeH llJJIl aHaJTH3a JJI1Teshy
paTy pbl XX B 11CnOJJb30BaHl1e npHHUl1na nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKOTopblM np0113SelleH I111M aBTopOB
XIX B roBOPI1T 0 TOM 410 3111 a BTopbl onep e)KaJJI1 CIloe BpeMll rrOllHHMall pa3pa60TKY n CI1 shy
XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeMaTHKI1 Ha HOBbII1 y p OBeHb
11TaK nCI1XOMaXI14eCKHM rrOBeCTIlOBaHl1eMIl COBpeMe HHOM JJllTe p aTypOBelleHl111 C4Hshy
TaeTCIl TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJJlOca cy6beKT (lJyw eBHble rr epe)(I1Bal-IH5I r ep05l) 11 06b eKT (OKpy)(ashy
lomaR lleHCTBI1TeJJbHOCTb) COBMelIleHbl - cy6beKTllBHoe CKPblTO nOJJHOCTblO 3a HOBOH Ka)(yshy
u~eHCR 06beKT1BHOCTbI0 ee 11306pa)(e lmiddotme npOHCXOLHT I1CKJJI0411TeJJbHO H a MeTaltjJopHleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo JlpyrHMH CJIOBaMll Bce 3JJeMeHTbl XYlIO)(eCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06bITHll 06beKshy
THBHO rrpOllCXOllllml1e C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX 011 OKa3blBaeTCIl rre p CO Ila)(ll C KOTOPbl M I1
OB CTaJJJltHBaeTCll oT06pa)(aIOT ero BHYTpeHHlOIO )(113H b llBJJllIOTCIl npOeKUI1RMI1 BHyTpeHHeshy
ro Ml1pa nepCOHa)Ka 06beKTl1BHblH Ml1p CTaHOBHTCIl 3epKaJIOM BHYTpe HIUIX n epe)(I1Ba HHrl
repOIl
M JllOnbli lJaeT KJJaCcnltjJHKaUHlO 3JJ eMe HTOB 06beKTI1BHOrO Mllpa KOTopble peryJJll pshy
HO HCnOJJb3YlOTCil B n CI1XOMaXI14eCKOM rrOBeCTBOBaHl111 11 yltlaCTBYIOT B 11306pa)(eH I111 BHYTshy
p elmeH 60Pb6bl repOll lJJeM eHTbl KOTopbl e oc06emlO YlI06Hbl lIJIll npOeUl1pOBaHlill Ha HI1X
n CI1XOJJorlll1 rrepCOHa)Kew TaK rrCI1XOMaXH4eCKI1e paCCKa3bl 04eHb 1aCTO n OCTpoe HbI Ha MOshy
TI1Be n epeMemeHI111 113 OIlHoro rrpOCTpa HCTBa B IJpyroe rrpI1HUI1I1I1aJJb HO OTJJI14HOe 01 n epBOshy
ro 11 M eTaltjJopHleCKI1 3Ha411Moe I1JJI1 )(e Ha MOTI1Ile npe6bIBaHllll B nOlI06 HOM l a me Bcem
3aKpbITOM MeCTe r lJe repol1 npe6blB3IOT Bp eMeHHO 310 MOryT 6blTb roCT1HHUbI TpaKTl1pbl a
B lIaHHOM paCCKa3e - rraHCHOH MeltjJpay ltDeHTe KOHe4HblM nYHKTOM rrYTe lIleCTBHH repoeB B
60JJblIlllHCTBe CJJY4aeIl6blBaloT nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera IlOllOeMOB 3ltjJltjJeKT Il03HllKaeT 3a Cl eT
npOTI-BOnOCTaBJJeHllll 3aMKHYTblX T1lIIOB npOCTpaHCT Ba C03IJaHHbl X 1eJJO BeKOM OTKPblTbIM
npl1pOIJHblM rlIe uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHlIaHKraquo r epoH B KOHue CBoero laquo l1pOshy
CTpaHCT BeHHoro nepeMe weHI111 raquo OKa3blBaeTCil Ha MOPCKOM n06epe)(b e B oKpy)(eHHH Heshy
06Y3IJaHHOH nepBlllHoi1 CTHXHI1 r lJe 3aKaHlliBaeTCIl ero MeTaMopltjJ03a
MOKPaJI paKyIIIK3 npHBneKJJ3 era BIII1Mamle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM OH nOIlHlIn ee B lleplK3 paKy IIIKy
B pYKe npOCT051Jl u enblH 43C BnepH B B3rnl1l B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 3TO BpeMli paKYIIIKa Bblcoxna H KaK
Oli HB Tep ee p YKanOM Ofla 60nbIIIe YlKe He 3a6necTeJJ3
KpoMe I1pOTHBOnOCTaBJJeH HR npOCTpaHCTBeHllblX 06pa30Il cyIJ~eCTBelIHylO pOJJb B ncw
XOMaXI1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHHH HrpaeT H CI10C06 nepe MemeH Hll He KaR rte p eMema lOmal cy6shy
CTaHUHll TaK 06paTHM IlHllMaHlie Ha 06pa3 110e31Ia B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHllaHKraquo C 011 shy
19
HOH CTOPOHbI nOe311 CDH3bIBaeT roPOII IIYWHbIH 11 rHeTYUIHH C MOPCKI1M n06epelKbeM TaK 11
ltIgtJlOPHC K aJlMaHC CTaBWH~1 Ha BpeMH lOKTOPOM KJlOHII3iiKUM MeITaeT OCD0601l11Tb JIllJlH
113 ee 3aToeHllH B JlYWHOM n aHC110He J1 nOll06HO TOMY K3K nOnbITKH 1I0KTopa KJlOHJlaHKa
06peeHbI Ha Kpax TaK 11 noe311 KaJKYllll1HCH Ha npODIJKeHHH nOTH Dcero paCCKa3a n03HTI1Bshy
HbIM HaaJIOM B KOHlIe npl1HOCI1T JIIOIIHM rope 3a Ml1r JlO CMepTH JhIJm nOe3J1 OCT3HODHJlCH B
apKe TaK KaK npOH30WeJl HeCIaCTHbIH CJlyaH
- 51 Bl1lKY B apKe Ha rrOJlrrYTI1 OCTalOBHJlC)I ooeall - CKaaaJl OH ( IlOKTOp KJlOHlmK) - HaBepshy
Hoe lJTO-TO np0l130IllJIO lt gt - 0 ltigtJlOPHC - rrpOH3HeCJla JIIIJlH- HaBep)lKa rrpOll30WeJl HeCIaCTHhlii cJlY Iaii noe311 H11shy
Koma He OCTaHaBJlHBaeTC)I B apKe 51lYMaJO nOll OOe3111l0naJl CTapHK HJlH pe6eHoK KOHelHO pe6eshy21lHOK
C MbICJlblO 0 nOe3J1e KOTOPbIH np11Hec HeClaCTbe JII1J111 yMl1paeT 11 I1MeHHO 3TOT nOe3J1 n oshy
MoraeT JlOKTOpy KJlOHJlaHKY C6eJKaTb 113 l JaHC110fIa nocJle ee CMepTI1
K aK YJKe rOBOpllJlOCh BbIllle B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHJlaHKraquo CMepTb JIHJlI1 06pa3yeT
KYJl bMHHallHIO - 3MOIlHOHaJIbHbIH KOMn031111110fIHblH 11 TeMaTI1eCKI1 H u eHTpllo 3TOro MOshy
MeHTa C06bITI1H npOI1CxOJlH llllle C K aJlMafICOMKJlOHllaHKOM MorYT 6bITb pacc~IOTpeHbI KaK
COCTaBJlHIOIlll1e npouecca BXOJKJleHllH fJlaBHoro nepCOHaJKa B TaK Ha3bIBaeMYlO TallHCTBeHshy
HYro 06JI aCTb 11 npe6blBaHllH B fIeH J1 nCI1XOMaXllleCKHe nOBeCTBOBaHHH CTPOHTCH laquoHa MOTI1shy
Be noxOlla nepellBllJKe HHH B MeTacentOpl11eCKll HarpYJKeHHOe npOCTpaHCTBO llJlH JKe npe6bIBashy
HHe B HeMgt2 110 MHeHHIO Mllronbl1 nepeMeIlleHlle (Ha JlOJlKe noe3l1e CaMOJleTe n eWKOM)
0603HaaeT JlyxOBHoe nOCBHllleHl1e HHl1l1l1aUlllO 11J111 MeTaMOpcent03y22
TaKI1M 06pa30M paCCKa3 ~lloKTop K JlOHJlaHKraquo MOJKHO npOlI1TaTb KaK B peaJII1CTJ1ecshy
KOM TaK 11 B centI1JlOCOcentCKOM 11 nFI1XOJlOrlleCKOM KJlIOe B 3TOM p aCCKa3e - xapaKTepHaH IIJlH
centJ1JlOCOcentCKOH KOHlIenUI111 X epMaHca np06J1eMa caMOOnpeJleJleHHH repOH npOXOJKlleHl1e HM
npouecca HHllUl1aUl111 11 6eCnJlOJlHbIH nOI1CK nOpHJlKa B xaOTllHOM Ml1pe BOnJlOllleHbl B centopshy
Me COBpeMeHHOH nCI1XOMaXI1I1 COeJlI1HHlOllleH B ce6e rJly60KYIO nCllXOJlOrl11eCKYIO pa3pa6oTKY
11 oco6yIO cyrrecTI1BHOCTb T aKaH MHOrOCJlOHHOCTb 11 3aW11centPOBaHHOCTb TeKCTa npeJlCTaBJlHshy
lOT C060H BaJKHYIO IepTY n 03TI1KI1 3HaMeHI1TOrO Hl1l1epJla HJlCKOrO pOMaHI1CTa BI1J1JleMa ltIgtpeshy
lIepl1Ka XepMaHca
I B 1981 r 13 C60PIIHKC COI3PCMClllltUl IIHIICp Jla lf) lCKafl 1I 0IlCJIJla (M) 6bIJII-1 o lly6JIH KOna llhi IlCPCBOtlhl lnyx
ere pallmlX 1I0Be)I)1 q3JICKTpOTcpamuu H ltllloKTop KJIOIIJlaHK KroMe Taro BM JI Bltlgt X cpM allca YIJOMHlIaCTCfI [J
KpaTKOH JlHTcpaTyplloB JI I I IH KJIQIICJIMH H IiOJlb llJ OH COIJCTCKO ) IIIIH KJlonC1I H H
2 CHel le llH 0 6HOrpa~gtHH H TBOP4CCTIJC mICaTCJI) 1I04cpnllYThi 113 CJl eJlyIOlIl~I X I1CTOllHl1(On Glaudemans W WE Hermans II Kritisch lit Icx Novcmber 1988 P 1-18 CTaThH lIa J1I1TCJ1 I1 CT-ca~iTax wwwliTTnairnl H
wwwb[J1oa nl OT 20102005 Glaudemans W WF Hermans P 7-9 bull Smulders W Met de linker- en rechterhand geschreven Wilem Frederik Hermans en de Ii teraire conventies
Verboden toegang essays over het werk van Wilem Frederik Hermans gcvolgd door een vraaggesprek met de schrijvcr IOnder redacti e van l W Smulders Utrecht 1989 P84- 121
lt Ihid 6 nOlPo61ICCCM MH(I)oJIOrHlCCKH~i Cllouaph l PClt EM MCJICTHIICKHH M 1992 MellemullcKUu EM n03THKa
MJ1~)a M 1976 lt1gtp33ep iIl 30JIOTafi OCTOlgt J1 CCJICJlOl3aIlHC ManlH H pCJIHIl1J1 I n cp call M 1983 2-c U3Jl
allUaae M PeH rMH ABCTpaJHH CIl6 1998 Smulders W Paulina (Au pair) vers ierd of misbruikt Nederlandse letterkunde 2005Jg 10 N 3 september
P 174- 175
20
11 Dupuis M Hcrmltlns dynlI11ick de roTllflnwcrcld van v F Hcrmans Hassclt 1985 J TcMa COIICp lll-l-lCCTl1a C OTllOM UJ1I1I1CpCOllaaltCM ltlCCO IUIHPY IOIIUmiddotIMCJI COTIlOrI lHlUKTC51 m a YII Mo ii II THOpYCCTnC
XcpMalica llmt Toro YT06hl repoii n anlCJI cc61 UCTIJI CltlMOCTCHlTCJlhllhIM CMY IIco6xOiliHIO npcnmiiTl-1 crlOcroOTlla 110 I) TO)KC IJPCM51 OTellflllJUICTCH I l) IH IICro II CaJIOM K CO)l(aJICIHIIO ncc 1I01lh1TKI1 rcpml IIpcniO imiddotiT H OT Illt1 IVIII XOHI
O hl 1I0PIII1HlThC51 c III1M 06pCYCIlbi J1JlCaJI OT1J II ClOCnDK UM (06 rrOtol CM Dupuis M Hermans dynamick P 213shy214)
FOlltijnJj HA Zuster en superego Raster 1971 S P280-296 11 3 Ta TCMaTHYCCKaH JIHIIIIH aIlToOUOrpa(l lHlJ lla POJnrreJnl XcpMalica Deema CTalH1JHI CM Y II Ilp l-IM Cp cra ceCTpy
Kapl lClIl110 KOTOp~j1 BIIOCJICICTIIIIImiddotI IIOKOIIYImiddotlJla )KU31 1h CltlfllOy611MCrDaM
Il Helmans WF Het grate mcdclijdcn Vcrzamclclc novcllcn Amsterdam 2002 P 129 Ibid P 125 Ibid P 131 133 15 0 IICHXOMaXI1H CM Dupuis M Dc psyche in dc spiegelkamcr psychomachic in ltIe hcdcndaagse roman Gcnt
2000 De donkere kamer van Damoklcs als psychomachie Vcrhoden toegang P 122-154 IIi 0 IIOWITImiddotHI ltIlCI1XOMaXI-UI Igt CM Dupuis M De psyche in de spicgclkamcr Ibid P 15 Ibid P 130 Herman WF Het grote medelijdcn P 144 Ibid P 140 Dupuis M De psyche in de spiegclkamcr P 133 22 Ibid
C-raTb llocrYlU1Jla n pCJlpoundlKIlHIO 27 qJCBpaJIH 2006 r
Page 5
B30HTH npHleM Ha ee lKe laquoTeppHTOpHHraquo H o B TO lKe BpeM)I OHa - e1(HHCTBeHHblrl 1eJlOBeK
KTO 1(eHCTBHTeJlbHO CTapaeTC)I nOMOlb KJlOfllai1xy
K JIHJlI1 K JlOH1(aHK TaKlKe I1cnblTblBaeT aM611BaJleHTHbIe 1YBCTBa LlYMa)l 0 HeH OH
CMeeTC)I 11 nJlaleT OlflOBpeMeHHO KOr1(a-TO OHa YH11311J1a e r o 11 Tenepb OH KaJaJlOCb 6bl MOshy
lKeT ToplKeCTBOBaTb BI11()I ee YHl1lKeHl1e OH npelCTaBJI)leT ce6e ITO ee 60JIe3Hb - lTO B03shy
MOlKHO CJle1(CTBHe ero npOKJI)lTb)l
CTYlleHT cnaqaJla 3aCMe~JlC Hall CUOIIM npellnOJlOgtKeHl1eM HO n OToM YgtKe nepelliluepblo 1l0Ma
THXO 3an) laKLlJI B ellb OH ei1 TaKor o HIfKorna He )KellaJI Eft CTOJIb npeKpac Hoii H ewe CTQJlb JOHo~iI 2
OH npOlu aeT ee 11 nbITaeTC)I nOBepl1Tb B IIX B03MOlKHoe CJaCTJII1BOe 6Y1(y wee H JlIOshy
60Bb H o B cpHJIOCOcpCKOi1 KOHuenUl111 XepMaHca B3al1MHa)l Jl1060Bb cnoc06Ha)l 06J1epII1Tb
cywecTBoBalm e 1eJIOBeKa B MHpe xaoca B eB03MOlKHa ee npocTo HeT TaK II B 3TOM paccKa3e
repoH 06pele Hbl Ha HeCIaCTbe JII1J111 y AmpaeT a 1(OKTOP K JlOH1(ai1K KOTOPbIH B CYWHOCTH 11
He )I BJI)leTC)I 1(OKTOpOM He B COCTO)lHI1 I1 ee c nacTJoI ITbITa)lCb HaHTI1 CBOH MeTO1( JlCIeHI1)1 H
CnaCTI1 JIHJlI1 K JIOH1(ai1K nbITaeTC)I C03laTb CBOIO ynop)l1(OlelmYIO HO MHcpl11eCKY IO peaJlbshy
HOCTb VI HeCMOTp)I Ba TO ITO Ha KaKOM-TO 3Tane OH l06I1BaeTC)I ycnexa non blTKa 06peleHa
Ha Kpax hoT paccKa3 oTpalKaeT TaKHM 06pa30M KO HuenUl11o X epMaHca - repOH Be MOlKeT
3asepWHTb npouecc HBHlHaUI1H Oll B e nepe pOlKlaeTC)I OB B03BpawaeTC)I B xaoc
KpOMe peanHCTI1 1eCKoro 11 CPI1J10cocpCKoro paccKa3 3aKJlIOIaeT B ce6e B03MOlKHOCTb
TpeTbero npOlTeHI1)1 Ih06bl Bbl)lBI1 Tb 3TOT TpeTI1H laquoCJlOHraquo TeKcTa YleJIYIM BHI1MamIe HeKOshy
TOPbl M HappaTOJIOrl11eCKI1M acn eKTaM paccKa3a
COrJlaCHO KOHuenUIm XepMaHca p aCCKa3 11J111 pOMal He MOlKeT 6blTb 1l0CTOBepHblM
oT06palKeImeM leHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTI1 KOTOPYIO Bo06we HeB03MOlKHO onHcaTb HJlH o T06pa3HTb
EIlHBCTBeHHoe ITO MOlKeT npelJlOlKHTb B CBoeM npOH3 BeleHIII1 n l1CaTeJlb - aTO ero c06CTBeHshy
Hoe BHleHHe MHpa C BOII np0l13 Be1(eml)l X e pMaHC Bcer)(a CTapaeTCiI HaleJIHTb 1eTKO i1 CTPYKshy
TYPOH n OTOMY ITO B p eaJlbHOH leHCTBl1TeJlbBOCTI1 ee HeT J1106a)l KOMn 03HUHOHHa5I i CTaJlb
lO~lKH a BbInOJlH)l Tb CPYHKUH10 C03llaHI1)1 UeJIOCTHOCTH 11 ynop51lOl e nHOCTI1 Bcero np0I13Beshy
leHH)I
Ha KOM n 03HUl10HHOM y pOBHe MOlKHO npOCJlelHTb ITO paCCKa3 XOTb H He pa3)(eJleH na
rJIaBbl HO HeCOMHeHHO BKJl IOraCT B ce6)13Kcn03HUHoimylO 1aCTb ( pa3rOBOp KaJlM a HCa C X eHshy
~leJlperlKOM B ero npHeM Hoi1) 3aBil3KY (BCTpeCla C JIHJIH B naHCUOHe Mecppay ltDenTe) p a3pashy
60TKY ( JIeIeHHe JII-IJIH) KYJIbMHHaUI1IO ( CMepTb J1~IJlH) H pa3BH3KY (repOHnpH C3lKaeT Ha
n06epelKbC) M O)I(HO npOCJ1 ellHTb KaK reporl COBepmaeT HeKoe rrYTewecTBHe - H3 rrpl1eMHoi1 bull
KOMHaTbl lOKTOpa X eHMeJlp ei1Ka B nanCHOH Mecppay ltDeHTe 11 B KOHue KOHUOB OKa3bIBaeTCiI
Ha n06ep elKbe B naBCHOHe C HHM npOHcxOilHT MeTaMOPCP03a OB npeBpa uaeTC5I B lOKTOpa
KJlOHllaHKa H B CBoeM BOBOM cTaTyce fiblTaeTC)I n ocTpoHTb c I1cTeMY H npl1BHeCTH IWP)llOK B
OKp YlKalOWH H 1mp 3aTeM npOI1CXO1(HT p erpeccl1)1 OB OC03HaeT ITO BOKpy r xaoc
B npOH3BeleHHilX XepMaHca BCerla Qpe3BbIIaHHO CYUleCTBe HHO Olll1CaHHe npOCTpaHshy
CTBa ECJlU y lPYrux aBTop OB npOCTpaHCTBeHHblH acneKT onHCaIiHe MeCTa noporl )lBJI)lIOTCiI
leKOpI1pYlOweiJ 1aCTbIO n pOH3Be1(eHl1)1 TO y XepMaBca S 1aCTH OCTH B paCCKa3e laquoLlOKTOP
KJlOH)(aHKraquo npocTpaHcTBo n poCTpaHcTBeHHbIe MOTHBbI 1eTKO BblleJleHbI H CTa HOB)lTC51 BalKshy
HblMH a6CTp aKTHblMH MOTH BaM I1
TaK naHCHOH Meqlpay ltDenTe B KOTOPOM lKHBeT JII1J1H ee KOMHaTa H306palKeHbi YCTshy
pawaIOUIHMH lKyTKI1MI1 LlBepb B 1(OM paCnOJlOlKeHa B ap Ke KOTOPYIO OCBeWalOT orpOMHble
)l pKl1e cpOHapl1 nOTOM Y qTO 1epC3 3Ty apKy npOxOlHT rrOe3l H Ha aTOM nOBopOTe npOHCXOshy
l11T MHOro HeCIaCTHbIX cJlyqaCB Ih06bl IlOL(HilTbCH B KOMHaTY J111J1H He06xOllHMO npOn TH
17
no TeM HOM llepeBHHHOM CKpHnYICM JleCTHl1uelllloMe lKl1BYT CTpaHHble CYMaCUleLU1I1C 60JIbshy
Hble HJII1 H3YBeIeHHble JIIOIlI1 H LOKTOP XeMMeJIpeMK Ha3 bl BaeT 3TOT lTaHCHOH H aCTOHLUHM
a HaTOMHIeCKHM MY3eeM 11
JlJIH XepMaHca xapaKTcpHO ITpOTHBOnOCTaBJIelnle npOCTpaHCTB llaHCHOH HaXOIlHTCH
Ha OKpaHHe ropOlla npaKTHICCKH 3a ero lepToii ITOe31l coellHHHeT LYLUHhIM ropOIl 3aCTpoeH shy
HbIM 6JIOlHbIMH 1l0MaMH C MOPCKHM n06cpelKbeM llOe31l npoe3lKaeT 1epe3 apKY Hall KOTOshy
POM H HaXOIlHTCH KOMHaTa lIHJIH KaK 6bI Ha rpaHl1ue K OMHaTa lIHJIH BCerlla npOTHBOITOCshy
TaBJIHeTCH BHIlY H3 OKHa oc06eHHO BalKHO ITpH 3TOM ITO lIHJIH He B COCTOHHHH llalKe
nOCMOTpeTb B OKHO H YBHlleTb 1TO -Jll160 KpoMe 1eTblpex CTeH nOTOMY lTO npHKOBaHa K ITO-
CTeJIH
o TOM ITO BHIlHO 3a OKHOM lIHJIH paCCKa3hIBaeT 1l0KTOP KJIoHllaMK 3aXOllHLUee Kpacshy
Hoe H KpyrJIOe KaK JIYImiddotta COJIHue HrpaIOLUHe lleTH npH6JImKellHe BeCHbl C HeCKpbIBaeMOH
ropeIbIO lIHJIH 3aMeIaeT laquoAx KaK 6bl H XOTeJIa Bce 3TO CHOBa YBHLeTb H o 51 LOJIlKHa JIelKaTb
3LeCb HenOIlBHlKHO H 6e3MOJIBHO ELl1HCTBeHHoe lTO 51 BHlKY OT p eaJIbJ-IOtI lKH3HH - TYCKshy
Jlbltl oT6JIeCK Ha 060HX~11 (ABTop HCCOMHeHHO HCnOJIb3yeT aJIJII03HIO Ha MHltP llJIaTOHa 0
neLUepe) 113 3Toro ITPOTI1BOIT OCTaBJleHHH OIeBHlleH KOI-lTpaCT LBYX npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIX 06shy
pa30B - 3aKpbITa51 KOMHaTa lIHJIH C TeH5IMI1 Ha CTeHe H MHp 3a OKHOM C Call5lLUHMC5I COJIHueM
06JIaIltaMH H CBelKHM B03nYXOM ABTop HrpaeT Ha 1T03THIeCKHX KOHTpaCTax
TaKoe ITpHCTaJIbHOe BHHMaHH e aBTopa K npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIM MOTH BaM H lpe3 BbIIaH shy
HO n Ollp06Hble OIHCaHHH MeCTa LeHCTBHH H eCOMHeHHO CJIYlKaT CBHlleTeJIbCTBOM TOro ITO
nepeL HaMH rrCHXOMaXHIeCKOe nOBeCTBOBaHHe ChOT TepMHH HCrrOJIb3yeTcH eBponeMCKHshy
MH J111TepaTypOBenaMH IlJIH 0603HaleHHH oc060ro THna nOBeCTBOBaHHH B KOTOPOM ueHTshy
paJlbHaH TeMa - nYUleBHbIM KOHltpJIHKT repOH - HaxonHT OTpalKeHHe BO BHeUlHHX ltpaKTOshy
pax CaMO CJIOBO laquonCHXOMaXH5I raquo npHWJIO H3 aHTHlHOH JIHTepaTypbl rne OHO CJI YlKHJIO
IlJI5I laquo0603HaleHHH oc060ro BHna aJIJlerOpHIeCKOrO npOH3BeJleHHH B KOTOPOM BHYTpeHHHH
KOHltpJIHKT repo51 OTpalKaJICH BO BHeWHHX C06bITH5I X ~ Hi 3 UfMOJIOrHleCKH OHO BOCXOIlHT K
rpeleCKHM CJIOBaM IjIUXll nywa IlYX H ~laXll 60pb6a KOHltpJIHKT TpaLHUHOHlIO B JIHTep aTyshy
pOBeLeHHI1 TepMHH laquo nCHXOMaXH5Iraquo 0603 HaIaJl aJIJl e r OpHleCKOe npOH3 BelleHl1e B ueHTpe
KOTOPOro HaXOLl1TCH JIH60 nyweBHblH KOHltpJIY1KT repOH JIH60 6 0Pb6a L06pOneTeJleM C noshy
pOKaMH
llepBbIM nOJIHOCTblO aJIJIerOpWleCKHM npOH3BenelHleM OITHCblBalOLUHM 60Pb6y n06shy
pOlleTeJIet1 C 1T0pOKaMH HBJI5IeTCH n03Ma HcrraHCKoro n03Ta IV B H 3 llpYlleHlHH laquo llCHXOshy
MaXHHraquo OTrOJIOCKH KOTOPOM CJIbIW aTCH BO MHorHX npOH3BeneHHHX cpenHeBeKOBOM JIHTe pashy
TYPbl BCOBpeMeHHOM JIHTepaTypOBeneHHH npl1HlHn nCHXOMaXHH 1T0JIYlHJI pacnpOCTpaHeHile
KaK npOIlYKTHBHbIM MeTon HCCJIeIlOBaHHH OCHOBaHHbIH Ha paCCMOTpeHHH C06bITI1MHOM CTOshy
POHbl np0l13BeneHHH KaK ITpOeKlHH nyweBHoM60Pb6bl repOH TaK B KJI[Ole nCHXOMaXHH 6eJIbshy
mHCKHH JIHTepaTypOBell M JlIOlTbH npellJIaraeT paCCMaTpHBaTb nalKe HeKOTopble npOH3Beshy
lleHHiI HB [orOJIiI ltDM JlOCTocBCKoro r JllKerlMca a TaKlKe nHCaTeJIeH XX B - ltD KaltpKH
[ Ka3aKa lI 13opxeca ITO KacaeTCH rOJl JIaHIlCKOM JIHTepaTypbI TO 3TOT MeTOIl OKa3blBaeTCiI
HaH60JIee npOnYKTHBHblM npH HCCJIenOBaHI1H TBOpleCTBa nHCaTeJIeH XX B - 13opneBeMKa
CJIaY3pxoltpltPa BeCTlleMKa MIOJIHWa XaMeJIHHKa17
llCI1XOMaXHleCKHl1 ITpHHlHn B c OBpeMeHHoM npOlTeHHI1 TecHeMwHM 06pa30M CBH3aH
C nCHXOJIOrl1leCKHM a HaJIH30M B JIHTepaType ECJlH paccMaTpHBaTb nCI1XOMaXHIO B 06LUeM
CMblCJIe KaK lKaHp npoH3BelleHHH oTpalKaIOlUero 60Pb6y B nywe r epOil TO BbIHCHHTCH ITO
3TOT Tep MHH npHMeHHM K JII060MY npOH3BeneHHIO rne nonHHMaeTCH nCHXOJIOrHIeCKaH nposhy
6JIeMaTH Ka OITHCbIBaeTCH nCHXOJlOrl11eCKHH KOIIltpJIHKT r epOil 6ynb TO nYlUeBHblM KOHltpJIHKT
BO BHYTpeHHeM MHpe repOH HJIH KOHltpJII1KT MelKny repoeM H BHeLUHHM MHPOM npymMH reshy
18
P05MH 06CT05TeJlbCTBaMH OCHXOJlOrWleCKlt15 np06J1eMaTHKa B TpauHUHOIHIOM pOMaHC MOshy
lKeT COAeplKaTbC5 HMnJlI1UI1THO 11 np04l1TblBaTbC5 no nOBeneHI110 rep05 JIH60 lKe 3KCnJlIlshy
UHTHO - B Bl1ne xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1 rep05 113 yCT paCCKa3IHKa I1JIH caMoro nepCOHalKa HJlH lKe
H3 YCT APYfHX repoeB
KaK 6bl TO HI1 6bIJIO nCI1XOJlOfH4eCKa5 np06J1eMaTHKa B Tpanl1UI10HHOM peaJIl1CTWleCshy
KOM pOMaHe OCTaeTC5 JlI1Wb 06beKTOM onHCaHH5 11 He MOlKeT OKa3blllaTb BJlH5HI15 1middotla KOMnoshy
3HUI1IO pOMaHallJl5 nCI1XOMaXI1 H KaK pa3 xapaKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCI1XOMaXWleCKOM pOMashy
He HJlH paCCKa3e nCHXOJlOrWleCKa5 np06J1eManlKa nepeCTaeT 6blTb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBHTC5
cy6beKToM nOnlHH55 ce6e pa3IlI1THe c06bITI1HlleHcTIlI1TeJlbHOCTb BOCnp0I13BOnI1Ma5 B nCI1shy
XOMaxHlecKOM paCCKa3e 11J111 pOMaHe 5BJl5eTC5 He TeaTpOM nJl5 BHYTpeHHem KOHqJlI1KTa
rep05 HO cnoc060M BblpalKeHl1eM 3Toro KOHqJlI1KTa
KaK YKa3blBaeT lllonbl1 TaKa5 pa3pa60TKa npe3eHTa UI15 n CI1XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eshy
MaTHKI1 xapaKTepHa nJl5 aBaHrapnHCTcKoro I1CKyccTBa B n epBY10 olepeAb AJI5 3KcnpeccHoshy
HI13Ma 11 c10ppeaJIH3Ma OOlTOMY AaHHblfl MeTOA oc06emlO npoAYKTI1BeH AJl5 aHaJJI13a JlI1Teshy
p aTypbl XX B VlCnOJlb30BaHl1e npl1HUHna nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKoTopblM npoH3BeAeHH5M aBTopon
XIX B rOBOpl1T 0 TOM ITO 3TI1 aBTopbl onepelKaJlH cnoe BpeM5 nOAHHMa5 pa3pa60TKY nCHshy
XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eMaTHKI1 Ha HOBblH y pOBeHb
VlTaK nCI1XOMaXWleCKIIM noneCTBOBaHHeMB COBpeMeHHOM mlTepaTypOBeAeHHH ClI1shy
TaeTC5TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJIIOCa cy6beKT CwweBHble n epelKl1llaHH5 rep05) H 06beKT (OKpYlKashy
10ma5 AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTb) COBMemeHbl - cy6beKTl1BHOe CKPblTO nOJIHOCTbIO 3a HOBOH KalKyshy
m eHC51 06beKTl1BHOCTbIO ee 11306palKelme npOHCXOAI1T I1CKJlIOIl1TeJlbHO Ha MeTaqopWleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo8 llpyrHMI1 CJI0BaMI1 Bce 3J1eMeHTbl xYAOlKeCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06 bITI15 06beKshy
TI1BHO npOI1CXOn5 IUHe C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX OH OKa3bIBaeTC5 n epCOHalKl1 C KOTOPblMH
OH CTaJlKHBaeTC5 oT06palKaIOT em BHYTpeHHl010 lKH31Ib 5BJI5IOTC5 npOeK1lH5MH BHyTpeHHeshy
ro MHpa nepCOHalKa 06beKTI1BHb1H Ml1p CTalIOBHTCiI 3epKaJIOM BHyTpeHHHx nepelKHBaHI1H
r epoil
M lllOnbH AaeT KJlaCCHqHKaUHlO 3J1eMeHTOB 06beKTI1BIlOrO Ml1pa KOTopble peryJl5pshy
HO HcnOJlb3YIOTC5 B nCI1XOMaXHleCKOM nOBeCTBOBalIl111 11 yqacTBYIOT B 11306palKeHI1l1 BHYTshy
p e1meH 60Pb6bl rep05 3J1eMeHTb1 KOTopb1e oc06eHlIO YA061lb1 AJl5 npOeUl1pOBaHH5 Ha lIHX
nCI1XOJlOrHH nepCOllalKeit TaK nCI1XOMaXHleCKHe p aCCKa3b1 OleHb laCTO nOCTpoe Hb1 Ha MOshy
THBe n e p eMem eHI15 H3 OAHoro npOCTpa HCTBa B A pyroe npHlIUHnHaJlbHO OTJlHlHOe OT nepBOshy
m H MeTaqopWleCKH 3HalHMOe HJlI1 lKe Ha MOTHne npe6bIBaHI15 B nOA06110M lame Bcem
3aKpblTOM MeCTe rAe repOH npe6bIBaroT BpeM eH HO 3TO MOryT 6b1Tb rOCTI1HHUbl TpaKTl1pbl a
B AaHHOM paCCKa3e - n a HCl10H Meqpay lt1gterlTe KOH e4 Hh1M n YHKTOM nYTeweCTBI1H repoeB Il
60JlbWl1HCTBe CJlYlaeB 6bIBa10T nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera nOIOeMOB 3qqeKT B03HHKaeT 3a CleT
npOTI1BOnOCTaBJle HI15 3aMKHYTblX TlmOB npOCTpaHCTBa C031aHHbiX 4eJlOBeKOM OTKPbITbIM
npl1pOIHblM rle uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHlaHK~ repOH B KOHue CBoe ro laquonposhy
CTpaHCTBeHHoro nepeMeme1l15 raquo OKa3blBaeTC5 Ha MOPCKOM n06epelKbe B oKpYlKeHHI1 Heshy
06Y31aHHOH nepBl1lHOI1 CTI1XI1H rle 3aKaHll1BaeTCiI em MeTaMopq03a
MOKpa5 paKymKa npIfBJleKJla ero BHHMaIHle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM 0 nOIH]] ee 11 lleplKa paKy mKy
B pYKe npOCToJI ueJlblH 4ac Bnepl1B B3rJlllil B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 310 BpeMiI paKymKa BbICOXJla 11 KaK
OU HI1 Tep ee pYKaBOM oua 60Jlbme YlKe He 3a6J1eCTeJla
KpOMe npOTHBonOCTaBJleHI15 npocTpaHcTBeHHb1x 06pa30B cYluecTBelmyro POJlb B nCH
XOMaXl1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHl111 I1rpaeT 11 cnoc06 nepeMemeHI15 HeKaiI rtepeMema10ma5 cy6shy
CTaHUI1i1 TaK 06paTl1M BHI1MaHl1e Ha o6pa3 nOe31a B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KnoHlaI1Kraquo C 01shy
19
PORMH 06CTORTeJThCTIlaMH TIcHXOJIOrl1leCKaR np06JJeMaTHKa B TPJHIIHOHHOM pOMaHe MOshy
)(eT cOlle p)(aTbCR HMnJJHUHTHO H npOlHTblBaTbCR no IIOBelleHHlO repOR JII160 )(e 3KCnJJHshy
UHTHO - B BHlle xapaKTepHCTHKH repOIl H3 YCT paCC Ka3IHKa HJIH caM oro n e pCOHa)(a I1JJH )(e
H3 YCT IlPYrHX r epoeB
KaK 6bI TO HH 6bIJJO rrCHXOJJOrHleCKall rrp06JleMaTHKa B TpallHUHOHHOM peaJJHCTHleCshy
KOM pOMa He OCTaeTCIl JlHlIlb 06beKTOM onHcaHHIl 11 He MO)(eT OKa3bIIlaTb BJJHllHHIl Ha KOMnoshy
311UHIO pOMaBa JlJJIl n CHXOMaXHH KaK pa3 xap aKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCHXOMaXHleCKOM pOMashy
lIe I1JJH paCCKa3e nCI1XOJJOrl1IeCKal np06JJeMaTI1Ka n epeCTaeT 6bITb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBI1TCIl
cy6beKToM nOlllHHllR ce6e p a3BI1THe C06bITI1H JleHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTb BocrrpOH3BOllHMal B n CH shy
XOMaXH I eCKOM paCCKa3e HJJI1 pOMaHe llBJJlleTCIl He TeaTpOM llJJIl BHYTpe HHero KOHltjJJJHKTa
r epOll HO cnoc060M Bblpa)KeHHeM 3TOro KOHltjJJJHKTa
K aK YKa3blBaeT JllonbH TaKa51 pa3pa60TKanpe3eHTa UI111 rrCI1XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeshy
MaTI1KH xapaKTepHa llJlll aBaHraplll1CTCKOro HCKYCCTBa Il nepBYIO OIepeLb lIJlll 3KcrrpeCCHOshy
HH3Ma 11 ClOppeaJJl13Ma 103TOMY llaHHhlH ~IeTOlI oc06emlO npOlIYKTI1BeH llJJIl aHaJTH3a JJI1Teshy
paTy pbl XX B 11CnOJJb30BaHl1e npHHUl1na nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKOTopblM np0113SelleH I111M aBTopOB
XIX B roBOPI1T 0 TOM 410 3111 a BTopbl onep e)KaJJI1 CIloe BpeMll rrOllHHMall pa3pa60TKY n CI1 shy
XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeMaTHKI1 Ha HOBbII1 y p OBeHb
11TaK nCI1XOMaXI14eCKHM rrOBeCTIlOBaHl1eMIl COBpeMe HHOM JJllTe p aTypOBelleHl111 C4Hshy
TaeTCIl TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJJlOca cy6beKT (lJyw eBHble rr epe)(I1Bal-IH5I r ep05l) 11 06b eKT (OKpy)(ashy
lomaR lleHCTBI1TeJJbHOCTb) COBMelIleHbl - cy6beKTllBHoe CKPblTO nOJJHOCTblO 3a HOBOH Ka)(yshy
u~eHCR 06beKT1BHOCTbI0 ee 11306pa)(e lmiddotme npOHCXOLHT I1CKJJI0411TeJJbHO H a MeTaltjJopHleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo JlpyrHMH CJIOBaMll Bce 3JJeMeHTbl XYlIO)(eCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06bITHll 06beKshy
THBHO rrpOllCXOllllml1e C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX 011 OKa3blBaeTCIl rre p CO Ila)(ll C KOTOPbl M I1
OB CTaJJJltHBaeTCll oT06pa)(aIOT ero BHYTpeHHlOIO )(113H b llBJJllIOTCIl npOeKUI1RMI1 BHyTpeHHeshy
ro Ml1pa nepCOHa)Ka 06beKTl1BHblH Ml1p CTaHOBHTCIl 3epKaJIOM BHYTpe HIUIX n epe)(I1Ba HHrl
repOIl
M JllOnbli lJaeT KJJaCcnltjJHKaUHlO 3JJ eMe HTOB 06beKTI1BHOrO Mllpa KOTopble peryJJll pshy
HO HCnOJJb3YlOTCil B n CI1XOMaXI14eCKOM rrOBeCTBOBaHl111 11 yltlaCTBYIOT B 11306pa)(eH I111 BHYTshy
p elmeH 60Pb6bl repOll lJJeM eHTbl KOTopbl e oc06emlO YlI06Hbl lIJIll npOeUl1pOBaHlill Ha HI1X
n CI1XOJJorlll1 rrepCOHa)Kew TaK rrCI1XOMaXH4eCKI1e paCCKa3bl 04eHb 1aCTO n OCTpoe HbI Ha MOshy
TI1Be n epeMemeHI111 113 OIlHoro rrpOCTpa HCTBa B IJpyroe rrpI1HUI1I1I1aJJb HO OTJJI14HOe 01 n epBOshy
ro 11 M eTaltjJopHleCKI1 3Ha411Moe I1JJI1 )(e Ha MOTI1Ile npe6bIBaHllll B nOlI06 HOM l a me Bcem
3aKpbITOM MeCTe r lJe repol1 npe6blB3IOT Bp eMeHHO 310 MOryT 6blTb roCT1HHUbI TpaKTl1pbl a
B lIaHHOM paCCKa3e - rraHCHOH MeltjJpay ltDeHTe KOHe4HblM nYHKTOM rrYTe lIleCTBHH repoeB B
60JJblIlllHCTBe CJJY4aeIl6blBaloT nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera IlOllOeMOB 3ltjJltjJeKT Il03HllKaeT 3a Cl eT
npOTI-BOnOCTaBJJeHllll 3aMKHYTblX T1lIIOB npOCTpaHCT Ba C03IJaHHbl X 1eJJO BeKOM OTKPblTbIM
npl1pOIJHblM rlIe uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHlIaHKraquo r epoH B KOHue CBoero laquo l1pOshy
CTpaHCT BeHHoro nepeMe weHI111 raquo OKa3blBaeTCil Ha MOPCKOM n06epe)(b e B oKpy)(eHHH Heshy
06Y3IJaHHOH nepBlllHoi1 CTHXHI1 r lJe 3aKaHlliBaeTCIl ero MeTaMopltjJ03a
MOKPaJI paKyIIIK3 npHBneKJJ3 era BIII1Mamle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM OH nOIlHlIn ee B lleplK3 paKy IIIKy
B pYKe npOCT051Jl u enblH 43C BnepH B B3rnl1l B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 3TO BpeMli paKYIIIKa Bblcoxna H KaK
Oli HB Tep ee p YKanOM Ofla 60nbIIIe YlKe He 3a6necTeJJ3
KpoMe I1pOTHBOnOCTaBJJeH HR npOCTpaHCTBeHllblX 06pa30Il cyIJ~eCTBelIHylO pOJJb B ncw
XOMaXI1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHHH HrpaeT H CI10C06 nepe MemeH Hll He KaR rte p eMema lOmal cy6shy
CTaHUHll TaK 06paTHM IlHllMaHlie Ha 06pa3 110e31Ia B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHllaHKraquo C 011 shy
19
HOH CTOPOHbI nOe311 CDH3bIBaeT roPOII IIYWHbIH 11 rHeTYUIHH C MOPCKI1M n06epelKbeM TaK 11
ltIgtJlOPHC K aJlMaHC CTaBWH~1 Ha BpeMH lOKTOPOM KJlOHII3iiKUM MeITaeT OCD0601l11Tb JIllJlH
113 ee 3aToeHllH B JlYWHOM n aHC110He J1 nOll06HO TOMY K3K nOnbITKH 1I0KTopa KJlOHJlaHKa
06peeHbI Ha Kpax TaK 11 noe311 KaJKYllll1HCH Ha npODIJKeHHH nOTH Dcero paCCKa3a n03HTI1Bshy
HbIM HaaJIOM B KOHlIe npl1HOCI1T JIIOIIHM rope 3a Ml1r JlO CMepTH JhIJm nOe3J1 OCT3HODHJlCH B
apKe TaK KaK npOH30WeJl HeCIaCTHbIH CJlyaH
- 51 Bl1lKY B apKe Ha rrOJlrrYTI1 OCTalOBHJlC)I ooeall - CKaaaJl OH ( IlOKTOp KJlOHlmK) - HaBepshy
Hoe lJTO-TO np0l130IllJIO lt gt - 0 ltigtJlOPHC - rrpOH3HeCJla JIIIJlH- HaBep)lKa rrpOll30WeJl HeCIaCTHhlii cJlY Iaii noe311 H11shy
Koma He OCTaHaBJlHBaeTC)I B apKe 51lYMaJO nOll OOe3111l0naJl CTapHK HJlH pe6eHoK KOHelHO pe6eshy21lHOK
C MbICJlblO 0 nOe3J1e KOTOPbIH np11Hec HeClaCTbe JII1J111 yMl1paeT 11 I1MeHHO 3TOT nOe3J1 n oshy
MoraeT JlOKTOpy KJlOHJlaHKY C6eJKaTb 113 l JaHC110fIa nocJle ee CMepTI1
K aK YJKe rOBOpllJlOCh BbIllle B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHJlaHKraquo CMepTb JIHJlI1 06pa3yeT
KYJl bMHHallHIO - 3MOIlHOHaJIbHbIH KOMn031111110fIHblH 11 TeMaTI1eCKI1 H u eHTpllo 3TOro MOshy
MeHTa C06bITI1H npOI1CxOJlH llllle C K aJlMafICOMKJlOHllaHKOM MorYT 6bITb pacc~IOTpeHbI KaK
COCTaBJlHIOIlll1e npouecca BXOJKJleHllH fJlaBHoro nepCOHaJKa B TaK Ha3bIBaeMYlO TallHCTBeHshy
HYro 06JI aCTb 11 npe6blBaHllH B fIeH J1 nCI1XOMaXllleCKHe nOBeCTBOBaHHH CTPOHTCH laquoHa MOTI1shy
Be noxOlla nepellBllJKe HHH B MeTacentOpl11eCKll HarpYJKeHHOe npOCTpaHCTBO llJlH JKe npe6bIBashy
HHe B HeMgt2 110 MHeHHIO Mllronbl1 nepeMeIlleHlle (Ha JlOJlKe noe3l1e CaMOJleTe n eWKOM)
0603HaaeT JlyxOBHoe nOCBHllleHl1e HHl1l1l1aUlllO 11J111 MeTaMOpcent03y22
TaKI1M 06pa30M paCCKa3 ~lloKTop K JlOHJlaHKraquo MOJKHO npOlI1TaTb KaK B peaJII1CTJ1ecshy
KOM TaK 11 B centI1JlOCOcentCKOM 11 nFI1XOJlOrlleCKOM KJlIOe B 3TOM p aCCKa3e - xapaKTepHaH IIJlH
centJ1JlOCOcentCKOH KOHlIenUI111 X epMaHca np06J1eMa caMOOnpeJleJleHHH repOH npOXOJKlleHl1e HM
npouecca HHllUl1aUl111 11 6eCnJlOJlHbIH nOI1CK nOpHJlKa B xaOTllHOM Ml1pe BOnJlOllleHbl B centopshy
Me COBpeMeHHOH nCI1XOMaXI1I1 COeJlI1HHlOllleH B ce6e rJly60KYIO nCllXOJlOrl11eCKYIO pa3pa6oTKY
11 oco6yIO cyrrecTI1BHOCTb T aKaH MHOrOCJlOHHOCTb 11 3aW11centPOBaHHOCTb TeKCTa npeJlCTaBJlHshy
lOT C060H BaJKHYIO IepTY n 03TI1KI1 3HaMeHI1TOrO Hl1l1epJla HJlCKOrO pOMaHI1CTa BI1J1JleMa ltIgtpeshy
lIepl1Ka XepMaHca
I B 1981 r 13 C60PIIHKC COI3PCMClllltUl IIHIICp Jla lf) lCKafl 1I 0IlCJIJla (M) 6bIJII-1 o lly6JIH KOna llhi IlCPCBOtlhl lnyx
ere pallmlX 1I0Be)I)1 q3JICKTpOTcpamuu H ltllloKTop KJIOIIJlaHK KroMe Taro BM JI Bltlgt X cpM allca YIJOMHlIaCTCfI [J
KpaTKOH JlHTcpaTyplloB JI I I IH KJIQIICJIMH H IiOJlb llJ OH COIJCTCKO ) IIIIH KJlonC1I H H
2 CHel le llH 0 6HOrpa~gtHH H TBOP4CCTIJC mICaTCJI) 1I04cpnllYThi 113 CJl eJlyIOlIl~I X I1CTOllHl1(On Glaudemans W WE Hermans II Kritisch lit Icx Novcmber 1988 P 1-18 CTaThH lIa J1I1TCJ1 I1 CT-ca~iTax wwwliTTnairnl H
wwwb[J1oa nl OT 20102005 Glaudemans W WF Hermans P 7-9 bull Smulders W Met de linker- en rechterhand geschreven Wilem Frederik Hermans en de Ii teraire conventies
Verboden toegang essays over het werk van Wilem Frederik Hermans gcvolgd door een vraaggesprek met de schrijvcr IOnder redacti e van l W Smulders Utrecht 1989 P84- 121
lt Ihid 6 nOlPo61ICCCM MH(I)oJIOrHlCCKH~i Cllouaph l PClt EM MCJICTHIICKHH M 1992 MellemullcKUu EM n03THKa
MJ1~)a M 1976 lt1gtp33ep iIl 30JIOTafi OCTOlgt J1 CCJICJlOl3aIlHC ManlH H pCJIHIl1J1 I n cp call M 1983 2-c U3Jl
allUaae M PeH rMH ABCTpaJHH CIl6 1998 Smulders W Paulina (Au pair) vers ierd of misbruikt Nederlandse letterkunde 2005Jg 10 N 3 september
P 174- 175
20
11 Dupuis M Hcrmltlns dynlI11ick de roTllflnwcrcld van v F Hcrmans Hassclt 1985 J TcMa COIICp lll-l-lCCTl1a C OTllOM UJ1I1I1CpCOllaaltCM ltlCCO IUIHPY IOIIUmiddotIMCJI COTIlOrI lHlUKTC51 m a YII Mo ii II THOpYCCTnC
XcpMalica llmt Toro YT06hl repoii n anlCJI cc61 UCTIJI CltlMOCTCHlTCJlhllhIM CMY IIco6xOiliHIO npcnmiiTl-1 crlOcroOTlla 110 I) TO)KC IJPCM51 OTellflllJUICTCH I l) IH IICro II CaJIOM K CO)l(aJICIHIIO ncc 1I01lh1TKI1 rcpml IIpcniO imiddotiT H OT Illt1 IVIII XOHI
O hl 1I0PIII1HlThC51 c III1M 06pCYCIlbi J1JlCaJI OT1J II ClOCnDK UM (06 rrOtol CM Dupuis M Hermans dynamick P 213shy214)
FOlltijnJj HA Zuster en superego Raster 1971 S P280-296 11 3 Ta TCMaTHYCCKaH JIHIIIIH aIlToOUOrpa(l lHlJ lla POJnrreJnl XcpMalica Deema CTalH1JHI CM Y II Ilp l-IM Cp cra ceCTpy
Kapl lClIl110 KOTOp~j1 BIIOCJICICTIIIIImiddotI IIOKOIIYImiddotlJla )KU31 1h CltlfllOy611MCrDaM
Il Helmans WF Het grate mcdclijdcn Vcrzamclclc novcllcn Amsterdam 2002 P 129 Ibid P 125 Ibid P 131 133 15 0 IICHXOMaXI1H CM Dupuis M Dc psyche in dc spiegelkamcr psychomachic in ltIe hcdcndaagse roman Gcnt
2000 De donkere kamer van Damoklcs als psychomachie Vcrhoden toegang P 122-154 IIi 0 IIOWITImiddotHI ltIlCI1XOMaXI-UI Igt CM Dupuis M De psyche in de spicgclkamcr Ibid P 15 Ibid P 130 Herman WF Het grote medelijdcn P 144 Ibid P 140 Dupuis M De psyche in de spiegclkamcr P 133 22 Ibid
C-raTb llocrYlU1Jla n pCJlpoundlKIlHIO 27 qJCBpaJIH 2006 r
Page 6
no TeM HOM llepeBHHHOM CKpHnYICM JleCTHl1uelllloMe lKl1BYT CTpaHHble CYMaCUleLU1I1C 60JIbshy
Hble HJII1 H3YBeIeHHble JIIOIlI1 H LOKTOP XeMMeJIpeMK Ha3 bl BaeT 3TOT lTaHCHOH H aCTOHLUHM
a HaTOMHIeCKHM MY3eeM 11
JlJIH XepMaHca xapaKTcpHO ITpOTHBOnOCTaBJIelnle npOCTpaHCTB llaHCHOH HaXOIlHTCH
Ha OKpaHHe ropOlla npaKTHICCKH 3a ero lepToii ITOe31l coellHHHeT LYLUHhIM ropOIl 3aCTpoeH shy
HbIM 6JIOlHbIMH 1l0MaMH C MOPCKHM n06cpelKbeM llOe31l npoe3lKaeT 1epe3 apKY Hall KOTOshy
POM H HaXOIlHTCH KOMHaTa lIHJIH KaK 6bI Ha rpaHl1ue K OMHaTa lIHJIH BCerlla npOTHBOITOCshy
TaBJIHeTCH BHIlY H3 OKHa oc06eHHO BalKHO ITpH 3TOM ITO lIHJIH He B COCTOHHHH llalKe
nOCMOTpeTb B OKHO H YBHlleTb 1TO -Jll160 KpoMe 1eTblpex CTeH nOTOMY lTO npHKOBaHa K ITO-
CTeJIH
o TOM ITO BHIlHO 3a OKHOM lIHJIH paCCKa3hIBaeT 1l0KTOP KJIoHllaMK 3aXOllHLUee Kpacshy
Hoe H KpyrJIOe KaK JIYImiddotta COJIHue HrpaIOLUHe lleTH npH6JImKellHe BeCHbl C HeCKpbIBaeMOH
ropeIbIO lIHJIH 3aMeIaeT laquoAx KaK 6bl H XOTeJIa Bce 3TO CHOBa YBHLeTb H o 51 LOJIlKHa JIelKaTb
3LeCb HenOIlBHlKHO H 6e3MOJIBHO ELl1HCTBeHHoe lTO 51 BHlKY OT p eaJIbJ-IOtI lKH3HH - TYCKshy
Jlbltl oT6JIeCK Ha 060HX~11 (ABTop HCCOMHeHHO HCnOJIb3yeT aJIJII03HIO Ha MHltP llJIaTOHa 0
neLUepe) 113 3Toro ITPOTI1BOIT OCTaBJleHHH OIeBHlleH KOI-lTpaCT LBYX npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIX 06shy
pa30B - 3aKpbITa51 KOMHaTa lIHJIH C TeH5IMI1 Ha CTeHe H MHp 3a OKHOM C Call5lLUHMC5I COJIHueM
06JIaIltaMH H CBelKHM B03nYXOM ABTop HrpaeT Ha 1T03THIeCKHX KOHTpaCTax
TaKoe ITpHCTaJIbHOe BHHMaHH e aBTopa K npOCTpaHCTBeHHbIM MOTH BaM H lpe3 BbIIaH shy
HO n Ollp06Hble OIHCaHHH MeCTa LeHCTBHH H eCOMHeHHO CJIYlKaT CBHlleTeJIbCTBOM TOro ITO
nepeL HaMH rrCHXOMaXHIeCKOe nOBeCTBOBaHHe ChOT TepMHH HCrrOJIb3yeTcH eBponeMCKHshy
MH J111TepaTypOBenaMH IlJIH 0603HaleHHH oc060ro THna nOBeCTBOBaHHH B KOTOPOM ueHTshy
paJlbHaH TeMa - nYUleBHbIM KOHltpJIHKT repOH - HaxonHT OTpalKeHHe BO BHeUlHHX ltpaKTOshy
pax CaMO CJIOBO laquonCHXOMaXH5I raquo npHWJIO H3 aHTHlHOH JIHTepaTypbl rne OHO CJI YlKHJIO
IlJI5I laquo0603HaleHHH oc060ro BHna aJIJlerOpHIeCKOrO npOH3BeJleHHH B KOTOPOM BHYTpeHHHH
KOHltpJIHKT repo51 OTpalKaJICH BO BHeWHHX C06bITH5I X ~ Hi 3 UfMOJIOrHleCKH OHO BOCXOIlHT K
rpeleCKHM CJIOBaM IjIUXll nywa IlYX H ~laXll 60pb6a KOHltpJIHKT TpaLHUHOHlIO B JIHTep aTyshy
pOBeLeHHI1 TepMHH laquo nCHXOMaXH5Iraquo 0603 HaIaJl aJIJl e r OpHleCKOe npOH3 BelleHl1e B ueHTpe
KOTOPOro HaXOLl1TCH JIH60 nyweBHblH KOHltpJIY1KT repOH JIH60 6 0Pb6a L06pOneTeJleM C noshy
pOKaMH
llepBbIM nOJIHOCTblO aJIJIerOpWleCKHM npOH3BenelHleM OITHCblBalOLUHM 60Pb6y n06shy
pOlleTeJIet1 C 1T0pOKaMH HBJI5IeTCH n03Ma HcrraHCKoro n03Ta IV B H 3 llpYlleHlHH laquo llCHXOshy
MaXHHraquo OTrOJIOCKH KOTOPOM CJIbIW aTCH BO MHorHX npOH3BeneHHHX cpenHeBeKOBOM JIHTe pashy
TYPbl BCOBpeMeHHOM JIHTepaTypOBeneHHH npl1HlHn nCHXOMaXHH 1T0JIYlHJI pacnpOCTpaHeHile
KaK npOIlYKTHBHbIM MeTon HCCJIeIlOBaHHH OCHOBaHHbIH Ha paCCMOTpeHHH C06bITI1MHOM CTOshy
POHbl np0l13BeneHHH KaK ITpOeKlHH nyweBHoM60Pb6bl repOH TaK B KJI[Ole nCHXOMaXHH 6eJIbshy
mHCKHH JIHTepaTypOBell M JlIOlTbH npellJIaraeT paCCMaTpHBaTb nalKe HeKOTopble npOH3Beshy
lleHHiI HB [orOJIiI ltDM JlOCTocBCKoro r JllKerlMca a TaKlKe nHCaTeJIeH XX B - ltD KaltpKH
[ Ka3aKa lI 13opxeca ITO KacaeTCH rOJl JIaHIlCKOM JIHTepaTypbI TO 3TOT MeTOIl OKa3blBaeTCiI
HaH60JIee npOnYKTHBHblM npH HCCJIenOBaHI1H TBOpleCTBa nHCaTeJIeH XX B - 13opneBeMKa
CJIaY3pxoltpltPa BeCTlleMKa MIOJIHWa XaMeJIHHKa17
llCI1XOMaXHleCKHl1 ITpHHlHn B c OBpeMeHHoM npOlTeHHI1 TecHeMwHM 06pa30M CBH3aH
C nCHXOJIOrl1leCKHM a HaJIH30M B JIHTepaType ECJlH paccMaTpHBaTb nCI1XOMaXHIO B 06LUeM
CMblCJIe KaK lKaHp npoH3BelleHHH oTpalKaIOlUero 60Pb6y B nywe r epOil TO BbIHCHHTCH ITO
3TOT Tep MHH npHMeHHM K JII060MY npOH3BeneHHIO rne nonHHMaeTCH nCHXOJIOrHIeCKaH nposhy
6JIeMaTH Ka OITHCbIBaeTCH nCHXOJlOrl11eCKHH KOIIltpJIHKT r epOil 6ynb TO nYlUeBHblM KOHltpJIHKT
BO BHYTpeHHeM MHpe repOH HJIH KOHltpJII1KT MelKny repoeM H BHeLUHHM MHPOM npymMH reshy
18
P05MH 06CT05TeJlbCTBaMH OCHXOJlOrWleCKlt15 np06J1eMaTHKa B TpauHUHOIHIOM pOMaHC MOshy
lKeT COAeplKaTbC5 HMnJlI1UI1THO 11 np04l1TblBaTbC5 no nOBeneHI110 rep05 JIH60 lKe 3KCnJlIlshy
UHTHO - B Bl1ne xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1 rep05 113 yCT paCCKa3IHKa I1JIH caMoro nepCOHalKa HJlH lKe
H3 YCT APYfHX repoeB
KaK 6bl TO HI1 6bIJIO nCI1XOJlOfH4eCKa5 np06J1eMaTHKa B Tpanl1UI10HHOM peaJIl1CTWleCshy
KOM pOMaHe OCTaeTC5 JlI1Wb 06beKTOM onHCaHH5 11 He MOlKeT OKa3blllaTb BJlH5HI15 1middotla KOMnoshy
3HUI1IO pOMaHallJl5 nCI1XOMaXI1 H KaK pa3 xapaKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCI1XOMaXWleCKOM pOMashy
He HJlH paCCKa3e nCHXOJlOrWleCKa5 np06J1eManlKa nepeCTaeT 6blTb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBHTC5
cy6beKToM nOnlHH55 ce6e pa3IlI1THe c06bITI1HlleHcTIlI1TeJlbHOCTb BOCnp0I13BOnI1Ma5 B nCI1shy
XOMaxHlecKOM paCCKa3e 11J111 pOMaHe 5BJl5eTC5 He TeaTpOM nJl5 BHYTpeHHem KOHqJlI1KTa
rep05 HO cnoc060M BblpalKeHl1eM 3Toro KOHqJlI1KTa
KaK YKa3blBaeT lllonbl1 TaKa5 pa3pa60TKa npe3eHTa UI15 n CI1XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eshy
MaTHKI1 xapaKTepHa nJl5 aBaHrapnHCTcKoro I1CKyccTBa B n epBY10 olepeAb AJI5 3KcnpeccHoshy
HI13Ma 11 c10ppeaJIH3Ma OOlTOMY AaHHblfl MeTOA oc06emlO npoAYKTI1BeH AJl5 aHaJJI13a JlI1Teshy
p aTypbl XX B VlCnOJlb30BaHl1e npl1HUHna nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKoTopblM npoH3BeAeHH5M aBTopon
XIX B rOBOpl1T 0 TOM ITO 3TI1 aBTopbl onepelKaJlH cnoe BpeM5 nOAHHMa5 pa3pa60TKY nCHshy
XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eMaTHKI1 Ha HOBblH y pOBeHb
VlTaK nCI1XOMaXWleCKIIM noneCTBOBaHHeMB COBpeMeHHOM mlTepaTypOBeAeHHH ClI1shy
TaeTC5TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJIIOCa cy6beKT CwweBHble n epelKl1llaHH5 rep05) H 06beKT (OKpYlKashy
10ma5 AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTb) COBMemeHbl - cy6beKTl1BHOe CKPblTO nOJIHOCTbIO 3a HOBOH KalKyshy
m eHC51 06beKTl1BHOCTbIO ee 11306palKelme npOHCXOAI1T I1CKJlIOIl1TeJlbHO Ha MeTaqopWleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo8 llpyrHMI1 CJI0BaMI1 Bce 3J1eMeHTbl xYAOlKeCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06 bITI15 06beKshy
TI1BHO npOI1CXOn5 IUHe C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX OH OKa3bIBaeTC5 n epCOHalKl1 C KOTOPblMH
OH CTaJlKHBaeTC5 oT06palKaIOT em BHYTpeHHl010 lKH31Ib 5BJI5IOTC5 npOeK1lH5MH BHyTpeHHeshy
ro MHpa nepCOHalKa 06beKTI1BHb1H Ml1p CTalIOBHTCiI 3epKaJIOM BHyTpeHHHx nepelKHBaHI1H
r epoil
M lllOnbH AaeT KJlaCCHqHKaUHlO 3J1eMeHTOB 06beKTI1BIlOrO Ml1pa KOTopble peryJl5pshy
HO HcnOJlb3YIOTC5 B nCI1XOMaXHleCKOM nOBeCTBOBalIl111 11 yqacTBYIOT B 11306palKeHI1l1 BHYTshy
p e1meH 60Pb6bl rep05 3J1eMeHTb1 KOTopb1e oc06eHlIO YA061lb1 AJl5 npOeUl1pOBaHH5 Ha lIHX
nCI1XOJlOrHH nepCOllalKeit TaK nCI1XOMaXHleCKHe p aCCKa3b1 OleHb laCTO nOCTpoe Hb1 Ha MOshy
THBe n e p eMem eHI15 H3 OAHoro npOCTpa HCTBa B A pyroe npHlIUHnHaJlbHO OTJlHlHOe OT nepBOshy
m H MeTaqopWleCKH 3HalHMOe HJlI1 lKe Ha MOTHne npe6bIBaHI15 B nOA06110M lame Bcem
3aKpblTOM MeCTe rAe repOH npe6bIBaroT BpeM eH HO 3TO MOryT 6b1Tb rOCTI1HHUbl TpaKTl1pbl a
B AaHHOM paCCKa3e - n a HCl10H Meqpay lt1gterlTe KOH e4 Hh1M n YHKTOM nYTeweCTBI1H repoeB Il
60JlbWl1HCTBe CJlYlaeB 6bIBa10T nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera nOIOeMOB 3qqeKT B03HHKaeT 3a CleT
npOTI1BOnOCTaBJle HI15 3aMKHYTblX TlmOB npOCTpaHCTBa C031aHHbiX 4eJlOBeKOM OTKPbITbIM
npl1pOIHblM rle uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHlaHK~ repOH B KOHue CBoe ro laquonposhy
CTpaHCTBeHHoro nepeMeme1l15 raquo OKa3blBaeTC5 Ha MOPCKOM n06epelKbe B oKpYlKeHHI1 Heshy
06Y31aHHOH nepBl1lHOI1 CTI1XI1H rle 3aKaHll1BaeTCiI em MeTaMopq03a
MOKpa5 paKymKa npIfBJleKJla ero BHHMaIHle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM 0 nOIH]] ee 11 lleplKa paKy mKy
B pYKe npOCToJI ueJlblH 4ac Bnepl1B B3rJlllil B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 310 BpeMiI paKymKa BbICOXJla 11 KaK
OU HI1 Tep ee pYKaBOM oua 60Jlbme YlKe He 3a6J1eCTeJla
KpOMe npOTHBonOCTaBJleHI15 npocTpaHcTBeHHb1x 06pa30B cYluecTBelmyro POJlb B nCH
XOMaXl1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHl111 I1rpaeT 11 cnoc06 nepeMemeHI15 HeKaiI rtepeMema10ma5 cy6shy
CTaHUI1i1 TaK 06paTl1M BHI1MaHl1e Ha o6pa3 nOe31a B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KnoHlaI1Kraquo C 01shy
19
PORMH 06CTORTeJThCTIlaMH TIcHXOJIOrl1leCKaR np06JJeMaTHKa B TPJHIIHOHHOM pOMaHe MOshy
)(eT cOlle p)(aTbCR HMnJJHUHTHO H npOlHTblBaTbCR no IIOBelleHHlO repOR JII160 )(e 3KCnJJHshy
UHTHO - B BHlle xapaKTepHCTHKH repOIl H3 YCT paCC Ka3IHKa HJIH caM oro n e pCOHa)(a I1JJH )(e
H3 YCT IlPYrHX r epoeB
KaK 6bI TO HH 6bIJJO rrCHXOJJOrHleCKall rrp06JleMaTHKa B TpallHUHOHHOM peaJJHCTHleCshy
KOM pOMa He OCTaeTCIl JlHlIlb 06beKTOM onHcaHHIl 11 He MO)(eT OKa3bIIlaTb BJJHllHHIl Ha KOMnoshy
311UHIO pOMaBa JlJJIl n CHXOMaXHH KaK pa3 xap aKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCHXOMaXHleCKOM pOMashy
lIe I1JJH paCCKa3e nCI1XOJJOrl1IeCKal np06JJeMaTI1Ka n epeCTaeT 6bITb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBI1TCIl
cy6beKToM nOlllHHllR ce6e p a3BI1THe C06bITI1H JleHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTb BocrrpOH3BOllHMal B n CH shy
XOMaXH I eCKOM paCCKa3e HJJI1 pOMaHe llBJJlleTCIl He TeaTpOM llJJIl BHYTpe HHero KOHltjJJJHKTa
r epOll HO cnoc060M Bblpa)KeHHeM 3TOro KOHltjJJJHKTa
K aK YKa3blBaeT JllonbH TaKa51 pa3pa60TKanpe3eHTa UI111 rrCI1XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeshy
MaTI1KH xapaKTepHa llJlll aBaHraplll1CTCKOro HCKYCCTBa Il nepBYIO OIepeLb lIJlll 3KcrrpeCCHOshy
HH3Ma 11 ClOppeaJJl13Ma 103TOMY llaHHhlH ~IeTOlI oc06emlO npOlIYKTI1BeH llJJIl aHaJTH3a JJI1Teshy
paTy pbl XX B 11CnOJJb30BaHl1e npHHUl1na nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKOTopblM np0113SelleH I111M aBTopOB
XIX B roBOPI1T 0 TOM 410 3111 a BTopbl onep e)KaJJI1 CIloe BpeMll rrOllHHMall pa3pa60TKY n CI1 shy
XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeMaTHKI1 Ha HOBbII1 y p OBeHb
11TaK nCI1XOMaXI14eCKHM rrOBeCTIlOBaHl1eMIl COBpeMe HHOM JJllTe p aTypOBelleHl111 C4Hshy
TaeTCIl TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJJlOca cy6beKT (lJyw eBHble rr epe)(I1Bal-IH5I r ep05l) 11 06b eKT (OKpy)(ashy
lomaR lleHCTBI1TeJJbHOCTb) COBMelIleHbl - cy6beKTllBHoe CKPblTO nOJJHOCTblO 3a HOBOH Ka)(yshy
u~eHCR 06beKT1BHOCTbI0 ee 11306pa)(e lmiddotme npOHCXOLHT I1CKJJI0411TeJJbHO H a MeTaltjJopHleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo JlpyrHMH CJIOBaMll Bce 3JJeMeHTbl XYlIO)(eCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06bITHll 06beKshy
THBHO rrpOllCXOllllml1e C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX 011 OKa3blBaeTCIl rre p CO Ila)(ll C KOTOPbl M I1
OB CTaJJJltHBaeTCll oT06pa)(aIOT ero BHYTpeHHlOIO )(113H b llBJJllIOTCIl npOeKUI1RMI1 BHyTpeHHeshy
ro Ml1pa nepCOHa)Ka 06beKTl1BHblH Ml1p CTaHOBHTCIl 3epKaJIOM BHYTpe HIUIX n epe)(I1Ba HHrl
repOIl
M JllOnbli lJaeT KJJaCcnltjJHKaUHlO 3JJ eMe HTOB 06beKTI1BHOrO Mllpa KOTopble peryJJll pshy
HO HCnOJJb3YlOTCil B n CI1XOMaXI14eCKOM rrOBeCTBOBaHl111 11 yltlaCTBYIOT B 11306pa)(eH I111 BHYTshy
p elmeH 60Pb6bl repOll lJJeM eHTbl KOTopbl e oc06emlO YlI06Hbl lIJIll npOeUl1pOBaHlill Ha HI1X
n CI1XOJJorlll1 rrepCOHa)Kew TaK rrCI1XOMaXH4eCKI1e paCCKa3bl 04eHb 1aCTO n OCTpoe HbI Ha MOshy
TI1Be n epeMemeHI111 113 OIlHoro rrpOCTpa HCTBa B IJpyroe rrpI1HUI1I1I1aJJb HO OTJJI14HOe 01 n epBOshy
ro 11 M eTaltjJopHleCKI1 3Ha411Moe I1JJI1 )(e Ha MOTI1Ile npe6bIBaHllll B nOlI06 HOM l a me Bcem
3aKpbITOM MeCTe r lJe repol1 npe6blB3IOT Bp eMeHHO 310 MOryT 6blTb roCT1HHUbI TpaKTl1pbl a
B lIaHHOM paCCKa3e - rraHCHOH MeltjJpay ltDeHTe KOHe4HblM nYHKTOM rrYTe lIleCTBHH repoeB B
60JJblIlllHCTBe CJJY4aeIl6blBaloT nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera IlOllOeMOB 3ltjJltjJeKT Il03HllKaeT 3a Cl eT
npOTI-BOnOCTaBJJeHllll 3aMKHYTblX T1lIIOB npOCTpaHCT Ba C03IJaHHbl X 1eJJO BeKOM OTKPblTbIM
npl1pOIJHblM rlIe uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHlIaHKraquo r epoH B KOHue CBoero laquo l1pOshy
CTpaHCT BeHHoro nepeMe weHI111 raquo OKa3blBaeTCil Ha MOPCKOM n06epe)(b e B oKpy)(eHHH Heshy
06Y3IJaHHOH nepBlllHoi1 CTHXHI1 r lJe 3aKaHlliBaeTCIl ero MeTaMopltjJ03a
MOKPaJI paKyIIIK3 npHBneKJJ3 era BIII1Mamle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM OH nOIlHlIn ee B lleplK3 paKy IIIKy
B pYKe npOCT051Jl u enblH 43C BnepH B B3rnl1l B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 3TO BpeMli paKYIIIKa Bblcoxna H KaK
Oli HB Tep ee p YKanOM Ofla 60nbIIIe YlKe He 3a6necTeJJ3
KpoMe I1pOTHBOnOCTaBJJeH HR npOCTpaHCTBeHllblX 06pa30Il cyIJ~eCTBelIHylO pOJJb B ncw
XOMaXI1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHHH HrpaeT H CI10C06 nepe MemeH Hll He KaR rte p eMema lOmal cy6shy
CTaHUHll TaK 06paTHM IlHllMaHlie Ha 06pa3 110e31Ia B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHllaHKraquo C 011 shy
19
HOH CTOPOHbI nOe311 CDH3bIBaeT roPOII IIYWHbIH 11 rHeTYUIHH C MOPCKI1M n06epelKbeM TaK 11
ltIgtJlOPHC K aJlMaHC CTaBWH~1 Ha BpeMH lOKTOPOM KJlOHII3iiKUM MeITaeT OCD0601l11Tb JIllJlH
113 ee 3aToeHllH B JlYWHOM n aHC110He J1 nOll06HO TOMY K3K nOnbITKH 1I0KTopa KJlOHJlaHKa
06peeHbI Ha Kpax TaK 11 noe311 KaJKYllll1HCH Ha npODIJKeHHH nOTH Dcero paCCKa3a n03HTI1Bshy
HbIM HaaJIOM B KOHlIe npl1HOCI1T JIIOIIHM rope 3a Ml1r JlO CMepTH JhIJm nOe3J1 OCT3HODHJlCH B
apKe TaK KaK npOH30WeJl HeCIaCTHbIH CJlyaH
- 51 Bl1lKY B apKe Ha rrOJlrrYTI1 OCTalOBHJlC)I ooeall - CKaaaJl OH ( IlOKTOp KJlOHlmK) - HaBepshy
Hoe lJTO-TO np0l130IllJIO lt gt - 0 ltigtJlOPHC - rrpOH3HeCJla JIIIJlH- HaBep)lKa rrpOll30WeJl HeCIaCTHhlii cJlY Iaii noe311 H11shy
Koma He OCTaHaBJlHBaeTC)I B apKe 51lYMaJO nOll OOe3111l0naJl CTapHK HJlH pe6eHoK KOHelHO pe6eshy21lHOK
C MbICJlblO 0 nOe3J1e KOTOPbIH np11Hec HeClaCTbe JII1J111 yMl1paeT 11 I1MeHHO 3TOT nOe3J1 n oshy
MoraeT JlOKTOpy KJlOHJlaHKY C6eJKaTb 113 l JaHC110fIa nocJle ee CMepTI1
K aK YJKe rOBOpllJlOCh BbIllle B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHJlaHKraquo CMepTb JIHJlI1 06pa3yeT
KYJl bMHHallHIO - 3MOIlHOHaJIbHbIH KOMn031111110fIHblH 11 TeMaTI1eCKI1 H u eHTpllo 3TOro MOshy
MeHTa C06bITI1H npOI1CxOJlH llllle C K aJlMafICOMKJlOHllaHKOM MorYT 6bITb pacc~IOTpeHbI KaK
COCTaBJlHIOIlll1e npouecca BXOJKJleHllH fJlaBHoro nepCOHaJKa B TaK Ha3bIBaeMYlO TallHCTBeHshy
HYro 06JI aCTb 11 npe6blBaHllH B fIeH J1 nCI1XOMaXllleCKHe nOBeCTBOBaHHH CTPOHTCH laquoHa MOTI1shy
Be noxOlla nepellBllJKe HHH B MeTacentOpl11eCKll HarpYJKeHHOe npOCTpaHCTBO llJlH JKe npe6bIBashy
HHe B HeMgt2 110 MHeHHIO Mllronbl1 nepeMeIlleHlle (Ha JlOJlKe noe3l1e CaMOJleTe n eWKOM)
0603HaaeT JlyxOBHoe nOCBHllleHl1e HHl1l1l1aUlllO 11J111 MeTaMOpcent03y22
TaKI1M 06pa30M paCCKa3 ~lloKTop K JlOHJlaHKraquo MOJKHO npOlI1TaTb KaK B peaJII1CTJ1ecshy
KOM TaK 11 B centI1JlOCOcentCKOM 11 nFI1XOJlOrlleCKOM KJlIOe B 3TOM p aCCKa3e - xapaKTepHaH IIJlH
centJ1JlOCOcentCKOH KOHlIenUI111 X epMaHca np06J1eMa caMOOnpeJleJleHHH repOH npOXOJKlleHl1e HM
npouecca HHllUl1aUl111 11 6eCnJlOJlHbIH nOI1CK nOpHJlKa B xaOTllHOM Ml1pe BOnJlOllleHbl B centopshy
Me COBpeMeHHOH nCI1XOMaXI1I1 COeJlI1HHlOllleH B ce6e rJly60KYIO nCllXOJlOrl11eCKYIO pa3pa6oTKY
11 oco6yIO cyrrecTI1BHOCTb T aKaH MHOrOCJlOHHOCTb 11 3aW11centPOBaHHOCTb TeKCTa npeJlCTaBJlHshy
lOT C060H BaJKHYIO IepTY n 03TI1KI1 3HaMeHI1TOrO Hl1l1epJla HJlCKOrO pOMaHI1CTa BI1J1JleMa ltIgtpeshy
lIepl1Ka XepMaHca
I B 1981 r 13 C60PIIHKC COI3PCMClllltUl IIHIICp Jla lf) lCKafl 1I 0IlCJIJla (M) 6bIJII-1 o lly6JIH KOna llhi IlCPCBOtlhl lnyx
ere pallmlX 1I0Be)I)1 q3JICKTpOTcpamuu H ltllloKTop KJIOIIJlaHK KroMe Taro BM JI Bltlgt X cpM allca YIJOMHlIaCTCfI [J
KpaTKOH JlHTcpaTyplloB JI I I IH KJIQIICJIMH H IiOJlb llJ OH COIJCTCKO ) IIIIH KJlonC1I H H
2 CHel le llH 0 6HOrpa~gtHH H TBOP4CCTIJC mICaTCJI) 1I04cpnllYThi 113 CJl eJlyIOlIl~I X I1CTOllHl1(On Glaudemans W WE Hermans II Kritisch lit Icx Novcmber 1988 P 1-18 CTaThH lIa J1I1TCJ1 I1 CT-ca~iTax wwwliTTnairnl H
wwwb[J1oa nl OT 20102005 Glaudemans W WF Hermans P 7-9 bull Smulders W Met de linker- en rechterhand geschreven Wilem Frederik Hermans en de Ii teraire conventies
Verboden toegang essays over het werk van Wilem Frederik Hermans gcvolgd door een vraaggesprek met de schrijvcr IOnder redacti e van l W Smulders Utrecht 1989 P84- 121
lt Ihid 6 nOlPo61ICCCM MH(I)oJIOrHlCCKH~i Cllouaph l PClt EM MCJICTHIICKHH M 1992 MellemullcKUu EM n03THKa
MJ1~)a M 1976 lt1gtp33ep iIl 30JIOTafi OCTOlgt J1 CCJICJlOl3aIlHC ManlH H pCJIHIl1J1 I n cp call M 1983 2-c U3Jl
allUaae M PeH rMH ABCTpaJHH CIl6 1998 Smulders W Paulina (Au pair) vers ierd of misbruikt Nederlandse letterkunde 2005Jg 10 N 3 september
P 174- 175
20
11 Dupuis M Hcrmltlns dynlI11ick de roTllflnwcrcld van v F Hcrmans Hassclt 1985 J TcMa COIICp lll-l-lCCTl1a C OTllOM UJ1I1I1CpCOllaaltCM ltlCCO IUIHPY IOIIUmiddotIMCJI COTIlOrI lHlUKTC51 m a YII Mo ii II THOpYCCTnC
XcpMalica llmt Toro YT06hl repoii n anlCJI cc61 UCTIJI CltlMOCTCHlTCJlhllhIM CMY IIco6xOiliHIO npcnmiiTl-1 crlOcroOTlla 110 I) TO)KC IJPCM51 OTellflllJUICTCH I l) IH IICro II CaJIOM K CO)l(aJICIHIIO ncc 1I01lh1TKI1 rcpml IIpcniO imiddotiT H OT Illt1 IVIII XOHI
O hl 1I0PIII1HlThC51 c III1M 06pCYCIlbi J1JlCaJI OT1J II ClOCnDK UM (06 rrOtol CM Dupuis M Hermans dynamick P 213shy214)
FOlltijnJj HA Zuster en superego Raster 1971 S P280-296 11 3 Ta TCMaTHYCCKaH JIHIIIIH aIlToOUOrpa(l lHlJ lla POJnrreJnl XcpMalica Deema CTalH1JHI CM Y II Ilp l-IM Cp cra ceCTpy
Kapl lClIl110 KOTOp~j1 BIIOCJICICTIIIIImiddotI IIOKOIIYImiddotlJla )KU31 1h CltlfllOy611MCrDaM
Il Helmans WF Het grate mcdclijdcn Vcrzamclclc novcllcn Amsterdam 2002 P 129 Ibid P 125 Ibid P 131 133 15 0 IICHXOMaXI1H CM Dupuis M Dc psyche in dc spiegelkamcr psychomachic in ltIe hcdcndaagse roman Gcnt
2000 De donkere kamer van Damoklcs als psychomachie Vcrhoden toegang P 122-154 IIi 0 IIOWITImiddotHI ltIlCI1XOMaXI-UI Igt CM Dupuis M De psyche in de spicgclkamcr Ibid P 15 Ibid P 130 Herman WF Het grote medelijdcn P 144 Ibid P 140 Dupuis M De psyche in de spiegclkamcr P 133 22 Ibid
C-raTb llocrYlU1Jla n pCJlpoundlKIlHIO 27 qJCBpaJIH 2006 r
Page 7
P05MH 06CT05TeJlbCTBaMH OCHXOJlOrWleCKlt15 np06J1eMaTHKa B TpauHUHOIHIOM pOMaHC MOshy
lKeT COAeplKaTbC5 HMnJlI1UI1THO 11 np04l1TblBaTbC5 no nOBeneHI110 rep05 JIH60 lKe 3KCnJlIlshy
UHTHO - B Bl1ne xapaKTepl1CTI1KI1 rep05 113 yCT paCCKa3IHKa I1JIH caMoro nepCOHalKa HJlH lKe
H3 YCT APYfHX repoeB
KaK 6bl TO HI1 6bIJIO nCI1XOJlOfH4eCKa5 np06J1eMaTHKa B Tpanl1UI10HHOM peaJIl1CTWleCshy
KOM pOMaHe OCTaeTC5 JlI1Wb 06beKTOM onHCaHH5 11 He MOlKeT OKa3blllaTb BJlH5HI15 1middotla KOMnoshy
3HUI1IO pOMaHallJl5 nCI1XOMaXI1 H KaK pa3 xapaKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCI1XOMaXWleCKOM pOMashy
He HJlH paCCKa3e nCHXOJlOrWleCKa5 np06J1eManlKa nepeCTaeT 6blTb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBHTC5
cy6beKToM nOnlHH55 ce6e pa3IlI1THe c06bITI1HlleHcTIlI1TeJlbHOCTb BOCnp0I13BOnI1Ma5 B nCI1shy
XOMaxHlecKOM paCCKa3e 11J111 pOMaHe 5BJl5eTC5 He TeaTpOM nJl5 BHYTpeHHem KOHqJlI1KTa
rep05 HO cnoc060M BblpalKeHl1eM 3Toro KOHqJlI1KTa
KaK YKa3blBaeT lllonbl1 TaKa5 pa3pa60TKa npe3eHTa UI15 n CI1XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eshy
MaTHKI1 xapaKTepHa nJl5 aBaHrapnHCTcKoro I1CKyccTBa B n epBY10 olepeAb AJI5 3KcnpeccHoshy
HI13Ma 11 c10ppeaJIH3Ma OOlTOMY AaHHblfl MeTOA oc06emlO npoAYKTI1BeH AJl5 aHaJJI13a JlI1Teshy
p aTypbl XX B VlCnOJlb30BaHl1e npl1HUHna nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKoTopblM npoH3BeAeHH5M aBTopon
XIX B rOBOpl1T 0 TOM ITO 3TI1 aBTopbl onepelKaJlH cnoe BpeM5 nOAHHMa5 pa3pa60TKY nCHshy
XOJlOfHleCKOH np06J1eMaTHKI1 Ha HOBblH y pOBeHb
VlTaK nCI1XOMaXWleCKIIM noneCTBOBaHHeMB COBpeMeHHOM mlTepaTypOBeAeHHH ClI1shy
TaeTC5TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJIIOCa cy6beKT CwweBHble n epelKl1llaHH5 rep05) H 06beKT (OKpYlKashy
10ma5 AeHCTBHTeJlbHOCTb) COBMemeHbl - cy6beKTl1BHOe CKPblTO nOJIHOCTbIO 3a HOBOH KalKyshy
m eHC51 06beKTl1BHOCTbIO ee 11306palKelme npOHCXOAI1T I1CKJlIOIl1TeJlbHO Ha MeTaqopWleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo8 llpyrHMI1 CJI0BaMI1 Bce 3J1eMeHTbl xYAOlKeCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06 bITI15 06beKshy
TI1BHO npOI1CXOn5 IUHe C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX OH OKa3bIBaeTC5 n epCOHalKl1 C KOTOPblMH
OH CTaJlKHBaeTC5 oT06palKaIOT em BHYTpeHHl010 lKH31Ib 5BJI5IOTC5 npOeK1lH5MH BHyTpeHHeshy
ro MHpa nepCOHalKa 06beKTI1BHb1H Ml1p CTalIOBHTCiI 3epKaJIOM BHyTpeHHHx nepelKHBaHI1H
r epoil
M lllOnbH AaeT KJlaCCHqHKaUHlO 3J1eMeHTOB 06beKTI1BIlOrO Ml1pa KOTopble peryJl5pshy
HO HcnOJlb3YIOTC5 B nCI1XOMaXHleCKOM nOBeCTBOBalIl111 11 yqacTBYIOT B 11306palKeHI1l1 BHYTshy
p e1meH 60Pb6bl rep05 3J1eMeHTb1 KOTopb1e oc06eHlIO YA061lb1 AJl5 npOeUl1pOBaHH5 Ha lIHX
nCI1XOJlOrHH nepCOllalKeit TaK nCI1XOMaXHleCKHe p aCCKa3b1 OleHb laCTO nOCTpoe Hb1 Ha MOshy
THBe n e p eMem eHI15 H3 OAHoro npOCTpa HCTBa B A pyroe npHlIUHnHaJlbHO OTJlHlHOe OT nepBOshy
m H MeTaqopWleCKH 3HalHMOe HJlI1 lKe Ha MOTHne npe6bIBaHI15 B nOA06110M lame Bcem
3aKpblTOM MeCTe rAe repOH npe6bIBaroT BpeM eH HO 3TO MOryT 6b1Tb rOCTI1HHUbl TpaKTl1pbl a
B AaHHOM paCCKa3e - n a HCl10H Meqpay lt1gterlTe KOH e4 Hh1M n YHKTOM nYTeweCTBI1H repoeB Il
60JlbWl1HCTBe CJlYlaeB 6bIBa10T nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera nOIOeMOB 3qqeKT B03HHKaeT 3a CleT
npOTI1BOnOCTaBJle HI15 3aMKHYTblX TlmOB npOCTpaHCTBa C031aHHbiX 4eJlOBeKOM OTKPbITbIM
npl1pOIHblM rle uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHlaHK~ repOH B KOHue CBoe ro laquonposhy
CTpaHCTBeHHoro nepeMeme1l15 raquo OKa3blBaeTC5 Ha MOPCKOM n06epelKbe B oKpYlKeHHI1 Heshy
06Y31aHHOH nepBl1lHOI1 CTI1XI1H rle 3aKaHll1BaeTCiI em MeTaMopq03a
MOKpa5 paKymKa npIfBJleKJla ero BHHMaIHle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM 0 nOIH]] ee 11 lleplKa paKy mKy
B pYKe npOCToJI ueJlblH 4ac Bnepl1B B3rJlllil B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 310 BpeMiI paKymKa BbICOXJla 11 KaK
OU HI1 Tep ee pYKaBOM oua 60Jlbme YlKe He 3a6J1eCTeJla
KpOMe npOTHBonOCTaBJleHI15 npocTpaHcTBeHHb1x 06pa30B cYluecTBelmyro POJlb B nCH
XOMaXl1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHl111 I1rpaeT 11 cnoc06 nepeMemeHI15 HeKaiI rtepeMema10ma5 cy6shy
CTaHUI1i1 TaK 06paTl1M BHI1MaHl1e Ha o6pa3 nOe31a B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KnoHlaI1Kraquo C 01shy
19
PORMH 06CTORTeJThCTIlaMH TIcHXOJIOrl1leCKaR np06JJeMaTHKa B TPJHIIHOHHOM pOMaHe MOshy
)(eT cOlle p)(aTbCR HMnJJHUHTHO H npOlHTblBaTbCR no IIOBelleHHlO repOR JII160 )(e 3KCnJJHshy
UHTHO - B BHlle xapaKTepHCTHKH repOIl H3 YCT paCC Ka3IHKa HJIH caM oro n e pCOHa)(a I1JJH )(e
H3 YCT IlPYrHX r epoeB
KaK 6bI TO HH 6bIJJO rrCHXOJJOrHleCKall rrp06JleMaTHKa B TpallHUHOHHOM peaJJHCTHleCshy
KOM pOMa He OCTaeTCIl JlHlIlb 06beKTOM onHcaHHIl 11 He MO)(eT OKa3bIIlaTb BJJHllHHIl Ha KOMnoshy
311UHIO pOMaBa JlJJIl n CHXOMaXHH KaK pa3 xap aKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCHXOMaXHleCKOM pOMashy
lIe I1JJH paCCKa3e nCI1XOJJOrl1IeCKal np06JJeMaTI1Ka n epeCTaeT 6bITb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBI1TCIl
cy6beKToM nOlllHHllR ce6e p a3BI1THe C06bITI1H JleHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTb BocrrpOH3BOllHMal B n CH shy
XOMaXH I eCKOM paCCKa3e HJJI1 pOMaHe llBJJlleTCIl He TeaTpOM llJJIl BHYTpe HHero KOHltjJJJHKTa
r epOll HO cnoc060M Bblpa)KeHHeM 3TOro KOHltjJJJHKTa
K aK YKa3blBaeT JllonbH TaKa51 pa3pa60TKanpe3eHTa UI111 rrCI1XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeshy
MaTI1KH xapaKTepHa llJlll aBaHraplll1CTCKOro HCKYCCTBa Il nepBYIO OIepeLb lIJlll 3KcrrpeCCHOshy
HH3Ma 11 ClOppeaJJl13Ma 103TOMY llaHHhlH ~IeTOlI oc06emlO npOlIYKTI1BeH llJJIl aHaJTH3a JJI1Teshy
paTy pbl XX B 11CnOJJb30BaHl1e npHHUl1na nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKOTopblM np0113SelleH I111M aBTopOB
XIX B roBOPI1T 0 TOM 410 3111 a BTopbl onep e)KaJJI1 CIloe BpeMll rrOllHHMall pa3pa60TKY n CI1 shy
XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeMaTHKI1 Ha HOBbII1 y p OBeHb
11TaK nCI1XOMaXI14eCKHM rrOBeCTIlOBaHl1eMIl COBpeMe HHOM JJllTe p aTypOBelleHl111 C4Hshy
TaeTCIl TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJJlOca cy6beKT (lJyw eBHble rr epe)(I1Bal-IH5I r ep05l) 11 06b eKT (OKpy)(ashy
lomaR lleHCTBI1TeJJbHOCTb) COBMelIleHbl - cy6beKTllBHoe CKPblTO nOJJHOCTblO 3a HOBOH Ka)(yshy
u~eHCR 06beKT1BHOCTbI0 ee 11306pa)(e lmiddotme npOHCXOLHT I1CKJJI0411TeJJbHO H a MeTaltjJopHleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo JlpyrHMH CJIOBaMll Bce 3JJeMeHTbl XYlIO)(eCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06bITHll 06beKshy
THBHO rrpOllCXOllllml1e C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX 011 OKa3blBaeTCIl rre p CO Ila)(ll C KOTOPbl M I1
OB CTaJJJltHBaeTCll oT06pa)(aIOT ero BHYTpeHHlOIO )(113H b llBJJllIOTCIl npOeKUI1RMI1 BHyTpeHHeshy
ro Ml1pa nepCOHa)Ka 06beKTl1BHblH Ml1p CTaHOBHTCIl 3epKaJIOM BHYTpe HIUIX n epe)(I1Ba HHrl
repOIl
M JllOnbli lJaeT KJJaCcnltjJHKaUHlO 3JJ eMe HTOB 06beKTI1BHOrO Mllpa KOTopble peryJJll pshy
HO HCnOJJb3YlOTCil B n CI1XOMaXI14eCKOM rrOBeCTBOBaHl111 11 yltlaCTBYIOT B 11306pa)(eH I111 BHYTshy
p elmeH 60Pb6bl repOll lJJeM eHTbl KOTopbl e oc06emlO YlI06Hbl lIJIll npOeUl1pOBaHlill Ha HI1X
n CI1XOJJorlll1 rrepCOHa)Kew TaK rrCI1XOMaXH4eCKI1e paCCKa3bl 04eHb 1aCTO n OCTpoe HbI Ha MOshy
TI1Be n epeMemeHI111 113 OIlHoro rrpOCTpa HCTBa B IJpyroe rrpI1HUI1I1I1aJJb HO OTJJI14HOe 01 n epBOshy
ro 11 M eTaltjJopHleCKI1 3Ha411Moe I1JJI1 )(e Ha MOTI1Ile npe6bIBaHllll B nOlI06 HOM l a me Bcem
3aKpbITOM MeCTe r lJe repol1 npe6blB3IOT Bp eMeHHO 310 MOryT 6blTb roCT1HHUbI TpaKTl1pbl a
B lIaHHOM paCCKa3e - rraHCHOH MeltjJpay ltDeHTe KOHe4HblM nYHKTOM rrYTe lIleCTBHH repoeB B
60JJblIlllHCTBe CJJY4aeIl6blBaloT nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera IlOllOeMOB 3ltjJltjJeKT Il03HllKaeT 3a Cl eT
npOTI-BOnOCTaBJJeHllll 3aMKHYTblX T1lIIOB npOCTpaHCT Ba C03IJaHHbl X 1eJJO BeKOM OTKPblTbIM
npl1pOIJHblM rlIe uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHlIaHKraquo r epoH B KOHue CBoero laquo l1pOshy
CTpaHCT BeHHoro nepeMe weHI111 raquo OKa3blBaeTCil Ha MOPCKOM n06epe)(b e B oKpy)(eHHH Heshy
06Y3IJaHHOH nepBlllHoi1 CTHXHI1 r lJe 3aKaHlliBaeTCIl ero MeTaMopltjJ03a
MOKPaJI paKyIIIK3 npHBneKJJ3 era BIII1Mamle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM OH nOIlHlIn ee B lleplK3 paKy IIIKy
B pYKe npOCT051Jl u enblH 43C BnepH B B3rnl1l B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 3TO BpeMli paKYIIIKa Bblcoxna H KaK
Oli HB Tep ee p YKanOM Ofla 60nbIIIe YlKe He 3a6necTeJJ3
KpoMe I1pOTHBOnOCTaBJJeH HR npOCTpaHCTBeHllblX 06pa30Il cyIJ~eCTBelIHylO pOJJb B ncw
XOMaXI1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHHH HrpaeT H CI10C06 nepe MemeH Hll He KaR rte p eMema lOmal cy6shy
CTaHUHll TaK 06paTHM IlHllMaHlie Ha 06pa3 110e31Ia B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHllaHKraquo C 011 shy
19
HOH CTOPOHbI nOe311 CDH3bIBaeT roPOII IIYWHbIH 11 rHeTYUIHH C MOPCKI1M n06epelKbeM TaK 11
ltIgtJlOPHC K aJlMaHC CTaBWH~1 Ha BpeMH lOKTOPOM KJlOHII3iiKUM MeITaeT OCD0601l11Tb JIllJlH
113 ee 3aToeHllH B JlYWHOM n aHC110He J1 nOll06HO TOMY K3K nOnbITKH 1I0KTopa KJlOHJlaHKa
06peeHbI Ha Kpax TaK 11 noe311 KaJKYllll1HCH Ha npODIJKeHHH nOTH Dcero paCCKa3a n03HTI1Bshy
HbIM HaaJIOM B KOHlIe npl1HOCI1T JIIOIIHM rope 3a Ml1r JlO CMepTH JhIJm nOe3J1 OCT3HODHJlCH B
apKe TaK KaK npOH30WeJl HeCIaCTHbIH CJlyaH
- 51 Bl1lKY B apKe Ha rrOJlrrYTI1 OCTalOBHJlC)I ooeall - CKaaaJl OH ( IlOKTOp KJlOHlmK) - HaBepshy
Hoe lJTO-TO np0l130IllJIO lt gt - 0 ltigtJlOPHC - rrpOH3HeCJla JIIIJlH- HaBep)lKa rrpOll30WeJl HeCIaCTHhlii cJlY Iaii noe311 H11shy
Koma He OCTaHaBJlHBaeTC)I B apKe 51lYMaJO nOll OOe3111l0naJl CTapHK HJlH pe6eHoK KOHelHO pe6eshy21lHOK
C MbICJlblO 0 nOe3J1e KOTOPbIH np11Hec HeClaCTbe JII1J111 yMl1paeT 11 I1MeHHO 3TOT nOe3J1 n oshy
MoraeT JlOKTOpy KJlOHJlaHKY C6eJKaTb 113 l JaHC110fIa nocJle ee CMepTI1
K aK YJKe rOBOpllJlOCh BbIllle B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHJlaHKraquo CMepTb JIHJlI1 06pa3yeT
KYJl bMHHallHIO - 3MOIlHOHaJIbHbIH KOMn031111110fIHblH 11 TeMaTI1eCKI1 H u eHTpllo 3TOro MOshy
MeHTa C06bITI1H npOI1CxOJlH llllle C K aJlMafICOMKJlOHllaHKOM MorYT 6bITb pacc~IOTpeHbI KaK
COCTaBJlHIOIlll1e npouecca BXOJKJleHllH fJlaBHoro nepCOHaJKa B TaK Ha3bIBaeMYlO TallHCTBeHshy
HYro 06JI aCTb 11 npe6blBaHllH B fIeH J1 nCI1XOMaXllleCKHe nOBeCTBOBaHHH CTPOHTCH laquoHa MOTI1shy
Be noxOlla nepellBllJKe HHH B MeTacentOpl11eCKll HarpYJKeHHOe npOCTpaHCTBO llJlH JKe npe6bIBashy
HHe B HeMgt2 110 MHeHHIO Mllronbl1 nepeMeIlleHlle (Ha JlOJlKe noe3l1e CaMOJleTe n eWKOM)
0603HaaeT JlyxOBHoe nOCBHllleHl1e HHl1l1l1aUlllO 11J111 MeTaMOpcent03y22
TaKI1M 06pa30M paCCKa3 ~lloKTop K JlOHJlaHKraquo MOJKHO npOlI1TaTb KaK B peaJII1CTJ1ecshy
KOM TaK 11 B centI1JlOCOcentCKOM 11 nFI1XOJlOrlleCKOM KJlIOe B 3TOM p aCCKa3e - xapaKTepHaH IIJlH
centJ1JlOCOcentCKOH KOHlIenUI111 X epMaHca np06J1eMa caMOOnpeJleJleHHH repOH npOXOJKlleHl1e HM
npouecca HHllUl1aUl111 11 6eCnJlOJlHbIH nOI1CK nOpHJlKa B xaOTllHOM Ml1pe BOnJlOllleHbl B centopshy
Me COBpeMeHHOH nCI1XOMaXI1I1 COeJlI1HHlOllleH B ce6e rJly60KYIO nCllXOJlOrl11eCKYIO pa3pa6oTKY
11 oco6yIO cyrrecTI1BHOCTb T aKaH MHOrOCJlOHHOCTb 11 3aW11centPOBaHHOCTb TeKCTa npeJlCTaBJlHshy
lOT C060H BaJKHYIO IepTY n 03TI1KI1 3HaMeHI1TOrO Hl1l1epJla HJlCKOrO pOMaHI1CTa BI1J1JleMa ltIgtpeshy
lIepl1Ka XepMaHca
I B 1981 r 13 C60PIIHKC COI3PCMClllltUl IIHIICp Jla lf) lCKafl 1I 0IlCJIJla (M) 6bIJII-1 o lly6JIH KOna llhi IlCPCBOtlhl lnyx
ere pallmlX 1I0Be)I)1 q3JICKTpOTcpamuu H ltllloKTop KJIOIIJlaHK KroMe Taro BM JI Bltlgt X cpM allca YIJOMHlIaCTCfI [J
KpaTKOH JlHTcpaTyplloB JI I I IH KJIQIICJIMH H IiOJlb llJ OH COIJCTCKO ) IIIIH KJlonC1I H H
2 CHel le llH 0 6HOrpa~gtHH H TBOP4CCTIJC mICaTCJI) 1I04cpnllYThi 113 CJl eJlyIOlIl~I X I1CTOllHl1(On Glaudemans W WE Hermans II Kritisch lit Icx Novcmber 1988 P 1-18 CTaThH lIa J1I1TCJ1 I1 CT-ca~iTax wwwliTTnairnl H
wwwb[J1oa nl OT 20102005 Glaudemans W WF Hermans P 7-9 bull Smulders W Met de linker- en rechterhand geschreven Wilem Frederik Hermans en de Ii teraire conventies
Verboden toegang essays over het werk van Wilem Frederik Hermans gcvolgd door een vraaggesprek met de schrijvcr IOnder redacti e van l W Smulders Utrecht 1989 P84- 121
lt Ihid 6 nOlPo61ICCCM MH(I)oJIOrHlCCKH~i Cllouaph l PClt EM MCJICTHIICKHH M 1992 MellemullcKUu EM n03THKa
MJ1~)a M 1976 lt1gtp33ep iIl 30JIOTafi OCTOlgt J1 CCJICJlOl3aIlHC ManlH H pCJIHIl1J1 I n cp call M 1983 2-c U3Jl
allUaae M PeH rMH ABCTpaJHH CIl6 1998 Smulders W Paulina (Au pair) vers ierd of misbruikt Nederlandse letterkunde 2005Jg 10 N 3 september
P 174- 175
20
11 Dupuis M Hcrmltlns dynlI11ick de roTllflnwcrcld van v F Hcrmans Hassclt 1985 J TcMa COIICp lll-l-lCCTl1a C OTllOM UJ1I1I1CpCOllaaltCM ltlCCO IUIHPY IOIIUmiddotIMCJI COTIlOrI lHlUKTC51 m a YII Mo ii II THOpYCCTnC
XcpMalica llmt Toro YT06hl repoii n anlCJI cc61 UCTIJI CltlMOCTCHlTCJlhllhIM CMY IIco6xOiliHIO npcnmiiTl-1 crlOcroOTlla 110 I) TO)KC IJPCM51 OTellflllJUICTCH I l) IH IICro II CaJIOM K CO)l(aJICIHIIO ncc 1I01lh1TKI1 rcpml IIpcniO imiddotiT H OT Illt1 IVIII XOHI
O hl 1I0PIII1HlThC51 c III1M 06pCYCIlbi J1JlCaJI OT1J II ClOCnDK UM (06 rrOtol CM Dupuis M Hermans dynamick P 213shy214)
FOlltijnJj HA Zuster en superego Raster 1971 S P280-296 11 3 Ta TCMaTHYCCKaH JIHIIIIH aIlToOUOrpa(l lHlJ lla POJnrreJnl XcpMalica Deema CTalH1JHI CM Y II Ilp l-IM Cp cra ceCTpy
Kapl lClIl110 KOTOp~j1 BIIOCJICICTIIIIImiddotI IIOKOIIYImiddotlJla )KU31 1h CltlfllOy611MCrDaM
Il Helmans WF Het grate mcdclijdcn Vcrzamclclc novcllcn Amsterdam 2002 P 129 Ibid P 125 Ibid P 131 133 15 0 IICHXOMaXI1H CM Dupuis M Dc psyche in dc spiegelkamcr psychomachic in ltIe hcdcndaagse roman Gcnt
2000 De donkere kamer van Damoklcs als psychomachie Vcrhoden toegang P 122-154 IIi 0 IIOWITImiddotHI ltIlCI1XOMaXI-UI Igt CM Dupuis M De psyche in de spicgclkamcr Ibid P 15 Ibid P 130 Herman WF Het grote medelijdcn P 144 Ibid P 140 Dupuis M De psyche in de spiegclkamcr P 133 22 Ibid
C-raTb llocrYlU1Jla n pCJlpoundlKIlHIO 27 qJCBpaJIH 2006 r
Page 8
PORMH 06CTORTeJThCTIlaMH TIcHXOJIOrl1leCKaR np06JJeMaTHKa B TPJHIIHOHHOM pOMaHe MOshy
)(eT cOlle p)(aTbCR HMnJJHUHTHO H npOlHTblBaTbCR no IIOBelleHHlO repOR JII160 )(e 3KCnJJHshy
UHTHO - B BHlle xapaKTepHCTHKH repOIl H3 YCT paCC Ka3IHKa HJIH caM oro n e pCOHa)(a I1JJH )(e
H3 YCT IlPYrHX r epoeB
KaK 6bI TO HH 6bIJJO rrCHXOJJOrHleCKall rrp06JleMaTHKa B TpallHUHOHHOM peaJJHCTHleCshy
KOM pOMa He OCTaeTCIl JlHlIlb 06beKTOM onHcaHHIl 11 He MO)(eT OKa3bIIlaTb BJJHllHHIl Ha KOMnoshy
311UHIO pOMaBa JlJJIl n CHXOMaXHH KaK pa3 xap aKTepHO 06paTHoe B nCHXOMaXHleCKOM pOMashy
lIe I1JJH paCCKa3e nCI1XOJJOrl1IeCKal np06JJeMaTI1Ka n epeCTaeT 6bITb 06beKTOM OHa CTaHOBI1TCIl
cy6beKToM nOlllHHllR ce6e p a3BI1THe C06bITI1H JleHCTBI1TeJlbHOCTb BocrrpOH3BOllHMal B n CH shy
XOMaXH I eCKOM paCCKa3e HJJI1 pOMaHe llBJJlleTCIl He TeaTpOM llJJIl BHYTpe HHero KOHltjJJJHKTa
r epOll HO cnoc060M Bblpa)KeHHeM 3TOro KOHltjJJJHKTa
K aK YKa3blBaeT JllonbH TaKa51 pa3pa60TKanpe3eHTa UI111 rrCI1XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeshy
MaTI1KH xapaKTepHa llJlll aBaHraplll1CTCKOro HCKYCCTBa Il nepBYIO OIepeLb lIJlll 3KcrrpeCCHOshy
HH3Ma 11 ClOppeaJJl13Ma 103TOMY llaHHhlH ~IeTOlI oc06emlO npOlIYKTI1BeH llJJIl aHaJTH3a JJI1Teshy
paTy pbl XX B 11CnOJJb30BaHl1e npHHUl1na nCHXOMaXl111 K HeKOTopblM np0113SelleH I111M aBTopOB
XIX B roBOPI1T 0 TOM 410 3111 a BTopbl onep e)KaJJI1 CIloe BpeMll rrOllHHMall pa3pa60TKY n CI1 shy
XOJJOrHleCKOH np06JJeMaTHKI1 Ha HOBbII1 y p OBeHb
11TaK nCI1XOMaXI14eCKHM rrOBeCTIlOBaHl1eMIl COBpeMe HHOM JJllTe p aTypOBelleHl111 C4Hshy
TaeTCIl TO B KOTOPOM laquonOJJlOca cy6beKT (lJyw eBHble rr epe)(I1Bal-IH5I r ep05l) 11 06b eKT (OKpy)(ashy
lomaR lleHCTBI1TeJJbHOCTb) COBMelIleHbl - cy6beKTllBHoe CKPblTO nOJJHOCTblO 3a HOBOH Ka)(yshy
u~eHCR 06beKT1BHOCTbI0 ee 11306pa)(e lmiddotme npOHCXOLHT I1CKJJI0411TeJJbHO H a MeTaltjJopHleCKOM
YPOBHeraquo JlpyrHMH CJIOBaMll Bce 3JJeMeHTbl XYlIO)(eCTBeHHoro TeKCTa - C06bITHll 06beKshy
THBHO rrpOllCXOllllml1e C repoeM MeCTa B KOTOPblX 011 OKa3blBaeTCIl rre p CO Ila)(ll C KOTOPbl M I1
OB CTaJJJltHBaeTCll oT06pa)(aIOT ero BHYTpeHHlOIO )(113H b llBJJllIOTCIl npOeKUI1RMI1 BHyTpeHHeshy
ro Ml1pa nepCOHa)Ka 06beKTl1BHblH Ml1p CTaHOBHTCIl 3epKaJIOM BHYTpe HIUIX n epe)(I1Ba HHrl
repOIl
M JllOnbli lJaeT KJJaCcnltjJHKaUHlO 3JJ eMe HTOB 06beKTI1BHOrO Mllpa KOTopble peryJJll pshy
HO HCnOJJb3YlOTCil B n CI1XOMaXI14eCKOM rrOBeCTBOBaHl111 11 yltlaCTBYIOT B 11306pa)(eH I111 BHYTshy
p elmeH 60Pb6bl repOll lJJeM eHTbl KOTopbl e oc06emlO YlI06Hbl lIJIll npOeUl1pOBaHlill Ha HI1X
n CI1XOJJorlll1 rrepCOHa)Kew TaK rrCI1XOMaXH4eCKI1e paCCKa3bl 04eHb 1aCTO n OCTpoe HbI Ha MOshy
TI1Be n epeMemeHI111 113 OIlHoro rrpOCTpa HCTBa B IJpyroe rrpI1HUI1I1I1aJJb HO OTJJI14HOe 01 n epBOshy
ro 11 M eTaltjJopHleCKI1 3Ha411Moe I1JJI1 )(e Ha MOTI1Ile npe6bIBaHllll B nOlI06 HOM l a me Bcem
3aKpbITOM MeCTe r lJe repol1 npe6blB3IOT Bp eMeHHO 310 MOryT 6blTb roCT1HHUbI TpaKTl1pbl a
B lIaHHOM paCCKa3e - rraHCHOH MeltjJpay ltDeHTe KOHe4HblM nYHKTOM rrYTe lIleCTBHH repoeB B
60JJblIlllHCTBe CJJY4aeIl6blBaloT nopTbl OCTpOBa 6epera IlOllOeMOB 3ltjJltjJeKT Il03HllKaeT 3a Cl eT
npOTI-BOnOCTaBJJeHllll 3aMKHYTblX T1lIIOB npOCTpaHCT Ba C03IJaHHbl X 1eJJO BeKOM OTKPblTbIM
npl1pOIJHblM rlIe uapl1T xaoc B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHlIaHKraquo r epoH B KOHue CBoero laquo l1pOshy
CTpaHCT BeHHoro nepeMe weHI111 raquo OKa3blBaeTCil Ha MOPCKOM n06epe)(b e B oKpy)(eHHH Heshy
06Y3IJaHHOH nepBlllHoi1 CTHXHI1 r lJe 3aKaHlliBaeTCIl ero MeTaMopltjJ03a
MOKPaJI paKyIIIK3 npHBneKJJ3 era BIII1Mamle CBOHM 6J1eCKOM OH nOIlHlIn ee B lleplK3 paKy IIIKy
B pYKe npOCT051Jl u enblH 43C BnepH B B3rnl1l B npOCTpaHCTBO 3a 3TO BpeMli paKYIIIKa Bblcoxna H KaK
Oli HB Tep ee p YKanOM Ofla 60nbIIIe YlKe He 3a6necTeJJ3
KpoMe I1pOTHBOnOCTaBJJeH HR npOCTpaHCTBeHllblX 06pa30Il cyIJ~eCTBelIHylO pOJJb B ncw
XOMaXI1leCKOM nOBeCTBOBaHHH HrpaeT H CI10C06 nepe MemeH Hll He KaR rte p eMema lOmal cy6shy
CTaHUHll TaK 06paTHM IlHllMaHlie Ha 06pa3 110e31Ia B paCCKa3e laquoJlOKTOp KJJOHllaHKraquo C 011 shy
19
HOH CTOPOHbI nOe311 CDH3bIBaeT roPOII IIYWHbIH 11 rHeTYUIHH C MOPCKI1M n06epelKbeM TaK 11
ltIgtJlOPHC K aJlMaHC CTaBWH~1 Ha BpeMH lOKTOPOM KJlOHII3iiKUM MeITaeT OCD0601l11Tb JIllJlH
113 ee 3aToeHllH B JlYWHOM n aHC110He J1 nOll06HO TOMY K3K nOnbITKH 1I0KTopa KJlOHJlaHKa
06peeHbI Ha Kpax TaK 11 noe311 KaJKYllll1HCH Ha npODIJKeHHH nOTH Dcero paCCKa3a n03HTI1Bshy
HbIM HaaJIOM B KOHlIe npl1HOCI1T JIIOIIHM rope 3a Ml1r JlO CMepTH JhIJm nOe3J1 OCT3HODHJlCH B
apKe TaK KaK npOH30WeJl HeCIaCTHbIH CJlyaH
- 51 Bl1lKY B apKe Ha rrOJlrrYTI1 OCTalOBHJlC)I ooeall - CKaaaJl OH ( IlOKTOp KJlOHlmK) - HaBepshy
Hoe lJTO-TO np0l130IllJIO lt gt - 0 ltigtJlOPHC - rrpOH3HeCJla JIIIJlH- HaBep)lKa rrpOll30WeJl HeCIaCTHhlii cJlY Iaii noe311 H11shy
Koma He OCTaHaBJlHBaeTC)I B apKe 51lYMaJO nOll OOe3111l0naJl CTapHK HJlH pe6eHoK KOHelHO pe6eshy21lHOK
C MbICJlblO 0 nOe3J1e KOTOPbIH np11Hec HeClaCTbe JII1J111 yMl1paeT 11 I1MeHHO 3TOT nOe3J1 n oshy
MoraeT JlOKTOpy KJlOHJlaHKY C6eJKaTb 113 l JaHC110fIa nocJle ee CMepTI1
K aK YJKe rOBOpllJlOCh BbIllle B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHJlaHKraquo CMepTb JIHJlI1 06pa3yeT
KYJl bMHHallHIO - 3MOIlHOHaJIbHbIH KOMn031111110fIHblH 11 TeMaTI1eCKI1 H u eHTpllo 3TOro MOshy
MeHTa C06bITI1H npOI1CxOJlH llllle C K aJlMafICOMKJlOHllaHKOM MorYT 6bITb pacc~IOTpeHbI KaK
COCTaBJlHIOIlll1e npouecca BXOJKJleHllH fJlaBHoro nepCOHaJKa B TaK Ha3bIBaeMYlO TallHCTBeHshy
HYro 06JI aCTb 11 npe6blBaHllH B fIeH J1 nCI1XOMaXllleCKHe nOBeCTBOBaHHH CTPOHTCH laquoHa MOTI1shy
Be noxOlla nepellBllJKe HHH B MeTacentOpl11eCKll HarpYJKeHHOe npOCTpaHCTBO llJlH JKe npe6bIBashy
HHe B HeMgt2 110 MHeHHIO Mllronbl1 nepeMeIlleHlle (Ha JlOJlKe noe3l1e CaMOJleTe n eWKOM)
0603HaaeT JlyxOBHoe nOCBHllleHl1e HHl1l1l1aUlllO 11J111 MeTaMOpcent03y22
TaKI1M 06pa30M paCCKa3 ~lloKTop K JlOHJlaHKraquo MOJKHO npOlI1TaTb KaK B peaJII1CTJ1ecshy
KOM TaK 11 B centI1JlOCOcentCKOM 11 nFI1XOJlOrlleCKOM KJlIOe B 3TOM p aCCKa3e - xapaKTepHaH IIJlH
centJ1JlOCOcentCKOH KOHlIenUI111 X epMaHca np06J1eMa caMOOnpeJleJleHHH repOH npOXOJKlleHl1e HM
npouecca HHllUl1aUl111 11 6eCnJlOJlHbIH nOI1CK nOpHJlKa B xaOTllHOM Ml1pe BOnJlOllleHbl B centopshy
Me COBpeMeHHOH nCI1XOMaXI1I1 COeJlI1HHlOllleH B ce6e rJly60KYIO nCllXOJlOrl11eCKYIO pa3pa6oTKY
11 oco6yIO cyrrecTI1BHOCTb T aKaH MHOrOCJlOHHOCTb 11 3aW11centPOBaHHOCTb TeKCTa npeJlCTaBJlHshy
lOT C060H BaJKHYIO IepTY n 03TI1KI1 3HaMeHI1TOrO Hl1l1epJla HJlCKOrO pOMaHI1CTa BI1J1JleMa ltIgtpeshy
lIepl1Ka XepMaHca
I B 1981 r 13 C60PIIHKC COI3PCMClllltUl IIHIICp Jla lf) lCKafl 1I 0IlCJIJla (M) 6bIJII-1 o lly6JIH KOna llhi IlCPCBOtlhl lnyx
ere pallmlX 1I0Be)I)1 q3JICKTpOTcpamuu H ltllloKTop KJIOIIJlaHK KroMe Taro BM JI Bltlgt X cpM allca YIJOMHlIaCTCfI [J
KpaTKOH JlHTcpaTyplloB JI I I IH KJIQIICJIMH H IiOJlb llJ OH COIJCTCKO ) IIIIH KJlonC1I H H
2 CHel le llH 0 6HOrpa~gtHH H TBOP4CCTIJC mICaTCJI) 1I04cpnllYThi 113 CJl eJlyIOlIl~I X I1CTOllHl1(On Glaudemans W WE Hermans II Kritisch lit Icx Novcmber 1988 P 1-18 CTaThH lIa J1I1TCJ1 I1 CT-ca~iTax wwwliTTnairnl H
wwwb[J1oa nl OT 20102005 Glaudemans W WF Hermans P 7-9 bull Smulders W Met de linker- en rechterhand geschreven Wilem Frederik Hermans en de Ii teraire conventies
Verboden toegang essays over het werk van Wilem Frederik Hermans gcvolgd door een vraaggesprek met de schrijvcr IOnder redacti e van l W Smulders Utrecht 1989 P84- 121
lt Ihid 6 nOlPo61ICCCM MH(I)oJIOrHlCCKH~i Cllouaph l PClt EM MCJICTHIICKHH M 1992 MellemullcKUu EM n03THKa
MJ1~)a M 1976 lt1gtp33ep iIl 30JIOTafi OCTOlgt J1 CCJICJlOl3aIlHC ManlH H pCJIHIl1J1 I n cp call M 1983 2-c U3Jl
allUaae M PeH rMH ABCTpaJHH CIl6 1998 Smulders W Paulina (Au pair) vers ierd of misbruikt Nederlandse letterkunde 2005Jg 10 N 3 september
P 174- 175
20
11 Dupuis M Hcrmltlns dynlI11ick de roTllflnwcrcld van v F Hcrmans Hassclt 1985 J TcMa COIICp lll-l-lCCTl1a C OTllOM UJ1I1I1CpCOllaaltCM ltlCCO IUIHPY IOIIUmiddotIMCJI COTIlOrI lHlUKTC51 m a YII Mo ii II THOpYCCTnC
XcpMalica llmt Toro YT06hl repoii n anlCJI cc61 UCTIJI CltlMOCTCHlTCJlhllhIM CMY IIco6xOiliHIO npcnmiiTl-1 crlOcroOTlla 110 I) TO)KC IJPCM51 OTellflllJUICTCH I l) IH IICro II CaJIOM K CO)l(aJICIHIIO ncc 1I01lh1TKI1 rcpml IIpcniO imiddotiT H OT Illt1 IVIII XOHI
O hl 1I0PIII1HlThC51 c III1M 06pCYCIlbi J1JlCaJI OT1J II ClOCnDK UM (06 rrOtol CM Dupuis M Hermans dynamick P 213shy214)
FOlltijnJj HA Zuster en superego Raster 1971 S P280-296 11 3 Ta TCMaTHYCCKaH JIHIIIIH aIlToOUOrpa(l lHlJ lla POJnrreJnl XcpMalica Deema CTalH1JHI CM Y II Ilp l-IM Cp cra ceCTpy
Kapl lClIl110 KOTOp~j1 BIIOCJICICTIIIIImiddotI IIOKOIIYImiddotlJla )KU31 1h CltlfllOy611MCrDaM
Il Helmans WF Het grate mcdclijdcn Vcrzamclclc novcllcn Amsterdam 2002 P 129 Ibid P 125 Ibid P 131 133 15 0 IICHXOMaXI1H CM Dupuis M Dc psyche in dc spiegelkamcr psychomachic in ltIe hcdcndaagse roman Gcnt
2000 De donkere kamer van Damoklcs als psychomachie Vcrhoden toegang P 122-154 IIi 0 IIOWITImiddotHI ltIlCI1XOMaXI-UI Igt CM Dupuis M De psyche in de spicgclkamcr Ibid P 15 Ibid P 130 Herman WF Het grote medelijdcn P 144 Ibid P 140 Dupuis M De psyche in de spiegclkamcr P 133 22 Ibid
C-raTb llocrYlU1Jla n pCJlpoundlKIlHIO 27 qJCBpaJIH 2006 r
Page 9
HOH CTOPOHbI nOe311 CDH3bIBaeT roPOII IIYWHbIH 11 rHeTYUIHH C MOPCKI1M n06epelKbeM TaK 11
ltIgtJlOPHC K aJlMaHC CTaBWH~1 Ha BpeMH lOKTOPOM KJlOHII3iiKUM MeITaeT OCD0601l11Tb JIllJlH
113 ee 3aToeHllH B JlYWHOM n aHC110He J1 nOll06HO TOMY K3K nOnbITKH 1I0KTopa KJlOHJlaHKa
06peeHbI Ha Kpax TaK 11 noe311 KaJKYllll1HCH Ha npODIJKeHHH nOTH Dcero paCCKa3a n03HTI1Bshy
HbIM HaaJIOM B KOHlIe npl1HOCI1T JIIOIIHM rope 3a Ml1r JlO CMepTH JhIJm nOe3J1 OCT3HODHJlCH B
apKe TaK KaK npOH30WeJl HeCIaCTHbIH CJlyaH
- 51 Bl1lKY B apKe Ha rrOJlrrYTI1 OCTalOBHJlC)I ooeall - CKaaaJl OH ( IlOKTOp KJlOHlmK) - HaBepshy
Hoe lJTO-TO np0l130IllJIO lt gt - 0 ltigtJlOPHC - rrpOH3HeCJla JIIIJlH- HaBep)lKa rrpOll30WeJl HeCIaCTHhlii cJlY Iaii noe311 H11shy
Koma He OCTaHaBJlHBaeTC)I B apKe 51lYMaJO nOll OOe3111l0naJl CTapHK HJlH pe6eHoK KOHelHO pe6eshy21lHOK
C MbICJlblO 0 nOe3J1e KOTOPbIH np11Hec HeClaCTbe JII1J111 yMl1paeT 11 I1MeHHO 3TOT nOe3J1 n oshy
MoraeT JlOKTOpy KJlOHJlaHKY C6eJKaTb 113 l JaHC110fIa nocJle ee CMepTI1
K aK YJKe rOBOpllJlOCh BbIllle B paCCKa3e laquolloKTop KJlOHJlaHKraquo CMepTb JIHJlI1 06pa3yeT
KYJl bMHHallHIO - 3MOIlHOHaJIbHbIH KOMn031111110fIHblH 11 TeMaTI1eCKI1 H u eHTpllo 3TOro MOshy
MeHTa C06bITI1H npOI1CxOJlH llllle C K aJlMafICOMKJlOHllaHKOM MorYT 6bITb pacc~IOTpeHbI KaK
COCTaBJlHIOIlll1e npouecca BXOJKJleHllH fJlaBHoro nepCOHaJKa B TaK Ha3bIBaeMYlO TallHCTBeHshy
HYro 06JI aCTb 11 npe6blBaHllH B fIeH J1 nCI1XOMaXllleCKHe nOBeCTBOBaHHH CTPOHTCH laquoHa MOTI1shy
Be noxOlla nepellBllJKe HHH B MeTacentOpl11eCKll HarpYJKeHHOe npOCTpaHCTBO llJlH JKe npe6bIBashy
HHe B HeMgt2 110 MHeHHIO Mllronbl1 nepeMeIlleHlle (Ha JlOJlKe noe3l1e CaMOJleTe n eWKOM)
0603HaaeT JlyxOBHoe nOCBHllleHl1e HHl1l1l1aUlllO 11J111 MeTaMOpcent03y22
TaKI1M 06pa30M paCCKa3 ~lloKTop K JlOHJlaHKraquo MOJKHO npOlI1TaTb KaK B peaJII1CTJ1ecshy
KOM TaK 11 B centI1JlOCOcentCKOM 11 nFI1XOJlOrlleCKOM KJlIOe B 3TOM p aCCKa3e - xapaKTepHaH IIJlH
centJ1JlOCOcentCKOH KOHlIenUI111 X epMaHca np06J1eMa caMOOnpeJleJleHHH repOH npOXOJKlleHl1e HM
npouecca HHllUl1aUl111 11 6eCnJlOJlHbIH nOI1CK nOpHJlKa B xaOTllHOM Ml1pe BOnJlOllleHbl B centopshy
Me COBpeMeHHOH nCI1XOMaXI1I1 COeJlI1HHlOllleH B ce6e rJly60KYIO nCllXOJlOrl11eCKYIO pa3pa6oTKY
11 oco6yIO cyrrecTI1BHOCTb T aKaH MHOrOCJlOHHOCTb 11 3aW11centPOBaHHOCTb TeKCTa npeJlCTaBJlHshy
lOT C060H BaJKHYIO IepTY n 03TI1KI1 3HaMeHI1TOrO Hl1l1epJla HJlCKOrO pOMaHI1CTa BI1J1JleMa ltIgtpeshy
lIepl1Ka XepMaHca
I B 1981 r 13 C60PIIHKC COI3PCMClllltUl IIHIICp Jla lf) lCKafl 1I 0IlCJIJla (M) 6bIJII-1 o lly6JIH KOna llhi IlCPCBOtlhl lnyx
ere pallmlX 1I0Be)I)1 q3JICKTpOTcpamuu H ltllloKTop KJIOIIJlaHK KroMe Taro BM JI Bltlgt X cpM allca YIJOMHlIaCTCfI [J
KpaTKOH JlHTcpaTyplloB JI I I IH KJIQIICJIMH H IiOJlb llJ OH COIJCTCKO ) IIIIH KJlonC1I H H
2 CHel le llH 0 6HOrpa~gtHH H TBOP4CCTIJC mICaTCJI) 1I04cpnllYThi 113 CJl eJlyIOlIl~I X I1CTOllHl1(On Glaudemans W WE Hermans II Kritisch lit Icx Novcmber 1988 P 1-18 CTaThH lIa J1I1TCJ1 I1 CT-ca~iTax wwwliTTnairnl H
wwwb[J1oa nl OT 20102005 Glaudemans W WF Hermans P 7-9 bull Smulders W Met de linker- en rechterhand geschreven Wilem Frederik Hermans en de Ii teraire conventies
Verboden toegang essays over het werk van Wilem Frederik Hermans gcvolgd door een vraaggesprek met de schrijvcr IOnder redacti e van l W Smulders Utrecht 1989 P84- 121
lt Ihid 6 nOlPo61ICCCM MH(I)oJIOrHlCCKH~i Cllouaph l PClt EM MCJICTHIICKHH M 1992 MellemullcKUu EM n03THKa
MJ1~)a M 1976 lt1gtp33ep iIl 30JIOTafi OCTOlgt J1 CCJICJlOl3aIlHC ManlH H pCJIHIl1J1 I n cp call M 1983 2-c U3Jl
allUaae M PeH rMH ABCTpaJHH CIl6 1998 Smulders W Paulina (Au pair) vers ierd of misbruikt Nederlandse letterkunde 2005Jg 10 N 3 september
P 174- 175
20
11 Dupuis M Hcrmltlns dynlI11ick de roTllflnwcrcld van v F Hcrmans Hassclt 1985 J TcMa COIICp lll-l-lCCTl1a C OTllOM UJ1I1I1CpCOllaaltCM ltlCCO IUIHPY IOIIUmiddotIMCJI COTIlOrI lHlUKTC51 m a YII Mo ii II THOpYCCTnC
XcpMalica llmt Toro YT06hl repoii n anlCJI cc61 UCTIJI CltlMOCTCHlTCJlhllhIM CMY IIco6xOiliHIO npcnmiiTl-1 crlOcroOTlla 110 I) TO)KC IJPCM51 OTellflllJUICTCH I l) IH IICro II CaJIOM K CO)l(aJICIHIIO ncc 1I01lh1TKI1 rcpml IIpcniO imiddotiT H OT Illt1 IVIII XOHI
O hl 1I0PIII1HlThC51 c III1M 06pCYCIlbi J1JlCaJI OT1J II ClOCnDK UM (06 rrOtol CM Dupuis M Hermans dynamick P 213shy214)
FOlltijnJj HA Zuster en superego Raster 1971 S P280-296 11 3 Ta TCMaTHYCCKaH JIHIIIIH aIlToOUOrpa(l lHlJ lla POJnrreJnl XcpMalica Deema CTalH1JHI CM Y II Ilp l-IM Cp cra ceCTpy
Kapl lClIl110 KOTOp~j1 BIIOCJICICTIIIIImiddotI IIOKOIIYImiddotlJla )KU31 1h CltlfllOy611MCrDaM
Il Helmans WF Het grate mcdclijdcn Vcrzamclclc novcllcn Amsterdam 2002 P 129 Ibid P 125 Ibid P 131 133 15 0 IICHXOMaXI1H CM Dupuis M Dc psyche in dc spiegelkamcr psychomachic in ltIe hcdcndaagse roman Gcnt
2000 De donkere kamer van Damoklcs als psychomachie Vcrhoden toegang P 122-154 IIi 0 IIOWITImiddotHI ltIlCI1XOMaXI-UI Igt CM Dupuis M De psyche in de spicgclkamcr Ibid P 15 Ibid P 130 Herman WF Het grote medelijdcn P 144 Ibid P 140 Dupuis M De psyche in de spiegclkamcr P 133 22 Ibid
C-raTb llocrYlU1Jla n pCJlpoundlKIlHIO 27 qJCBpaJIH 2006 r
Page 10
11 Dupuis M Hcrmltlns dynlI11ick de roTllflnwcrcld van v F Hcrmans Hassclt 1985 J TcMa COIICp lll-l-lCCTl1a C OTllOM UJ1I1I1CpCOllaaltCM ltlCCO IUIHPY IOIIUmiddotIMCJI COTIlOrI lHlUKTC51 m a YII Mo ii II THOpYCCTnC
XcpMalica llmt Toro YT06hl repoii n anlCJI cc61 UCTIJI CltlMOCTCHlTCJlhllhIM CMY IIco6xOiliHIO npcnmiiTl-1 crlOcroOTlla 110 I) TO)KC IJPCM51 OTellflllJUICTCH I l) IH IICro II CaJIOM K CO)l(aJICIHIIO ncc 1I01lh1TKI1 rcpml IIpcniO imiddotiT H OT Illt1 IVIII XOHI
O hl 1I0PIII1HlThC51 c III1M 06pCYCIlbi J1JlCaJI OT1J II ClOCnDK UM (06 rrOtol CM Dupuis M Hermans dynamick P 213shy214)
FOlltijnJj HA Zuster en superego Raster 1971 S P280-296 11 3 Ta TCMaTHYCCKaH JIHIIIIH aIlToOUOrpa(l lHlJ lla POJnrreJnl XcpMalica Deema CTalH1JHI CM Y II Ilp l-IM Cp cra ceCTpy
Kapl lClIl110 KOTOp~j1 BIIOCJICICTIIIIImiddotI IIOKOIIYImiddotlJla )KU31 1h CltlfllOy611MCrDaM
Il Helmans WF Het grate mcdclijdcn Vcrzamclclc novcllcn Amsterdam 2002 P 129 Ibid P 125 Ibid P 131 133 15 0 IICHXOMaXI1H CM Dupuis M Dc psyche in dc spiegelkamcr psychomachic in ltIe hcdcndaagse roman Gcnt
2000 De donkere kamer van Damoklcs als psychomachie Vcrhoden toegang P 122-154 IIi 0 IIOWITImiddotHI ltIlCI1XOMaXI-UI Igt CM Dupuis M De psyche in de spicgclkamcr Ibid P 15 Ibid P 130 Herman WF Het grote medelijdcn P 144 Ibid P 140 Dupuis M De psyche in de spiegclkamcr P 133 22 Ibid
C-raTb llocrYlU1Jla n pCJlpoundlKIlHIO 27 qJCBpaJIH 2006 r