O CEANS AND THE S EA Or: Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink…

OCEANS AND THE SEAOr: Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink…

HOW MUCH WATER IS THERE?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKOmNGEi0DY

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AxF-PdnecXw

HOW MUCH WATER IS THERE?

332,500,000 cubic miles all told. That’s a sphere 860 miles in diameter (USGS)

CREATING A WATER BUDGET

In the next several slides we will create what is known as a water budget. This will help us account for all of the water on Earth.

WHERE IS ALL OF THAT WATER?

Lets list some places where we find water…

WATER BUDGET

Create a “T” chart on the page in your notes. It will need to be about 9-10 lines tall and full width on your page.

WATER BUDGET

Location Percentage

Oceans 96.5%Saline lakes and g.w. About 1%Fresh water 2.5%Numbers below are % of the fresh water. Glaciers and Ice Caps about 68% Lakes and rivers about .5 % Ground Water about 30% Soil moisture about .005% Atmosphere about .0001% Plants and Animals about .0001%

OCEAN WATER

WHAT MAKES SEAWATER… WELL… SEAWATER?

Seawater is salty. This property is known as SALINITY.

The amount of dissolved solids in seawater. Expressed in parts per thousand

RULE OF CONSTANT COMPOSITION

This states that the major components of salt in the Oceans are the same all over the world

Do not be tempted to think that this means all seawater is equally salty across the globe.

6 CONSTANT COMPOSITION COMPONENTS

Chloride- Cl- 19.10g/1000g seawater Sodium- Na+ 10.62 g/1000g seawater Sulfate- SO4

-2 2.66 g/1000g seawater Magnesium- Mg+2 1.28 g/1000g seawater Calcium- Ca+2 0.40 g/1000g seawater Potassium- K+ 0.38 g/1000g seawater

WHAT ELSE IS DISSOLVED IN THE OCEAN?

Gasses Oxygen and Nitrogen- the main gasses in

seawater Carbon Dioxide- while not a major component of

the atmosphere, there is a large amount of it in seawater.

CARBON DIOXIDE AND THE OCEAN

The ocean holds about 60% more Carbon Dioxide than the atmosphere

This means the ocean is a Carbon Sink Capture and holds extra carbon dioxide

Since this gas traps and holds heat from the Sun, the ocean is important in helping to maintain Earth’s temperature

FACTORS THAT CHANGE THINGS

Warmer Temperatures Less gas, more solids Lower dissolved gas, higher salinity

Cooler Temperatures More gas dissolved, less solids Higher dissolved gas, lower salinity

Precipitation More precipitation means lower salinity

SEAWATER SALINITY AT 10 M DEPTH

CROSS SECTION SHOWING DIFFERENT SALINITY AT DIFFERENT DEPTHS

WHERE DOES SALINITY COME FROM?

The salt in the ocean was once part of a rock. These minerals weather out of the rocks and

are carried to the sea.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSJggIWlH9w

OCEAN TEMPERATURE

The ocean has layers with different temperatures

The layer where the temperature changes fastest is the Thermocline

TEMPERATURE ALSO EFFECTS

Much like with the mantle of the Earth, warm water is less dense than cold water

The heating and cooling of seawater drives some circulation in the ocean.