Nyack College's Fourth Annual Student Research Conference

Thursday, March 26th

Sponsored by Center for Scholarship and Global Engagement

The Honors Program Department of Biology and Chemistry

The School of Nursing

Nyack College 4th Annual

Student Research Conference

“Visions for Tomorrow”

Fourth  Nyack  College  Student  Research  Conference    

Visions for Tomorrow Bowman Gym, March 26, 2015

9:00  –  9:10  am               Opening  and  welcome  

9:10  –  10:30  am           Poster  exhibit ion  session  1    

10:30  –  11:15am         P lenary  session:      

Keynote  address  by  Dr.  Varghese  Mathai  

Benjamin  P.  Browne  Chair  of  Communications,   Judson  University  

11:15  –  11:30am    Q  &  A  

11:30am  –  12:30pm       Lunch  recess  

12:30  –  2:00  pm       Poster  exhibit ion  session  2    

2:00  –  2:45pm     Panel  “Consumption  patterns   in  the  Western  World:  Change  for  a  better  tomorrow”    

Moderator:      

Dr.  Kevin  Pinkham,  Associate  Professor  of  Engl ish      

Panel ists:      

Dr.  Vi lma  “Nina”  Balmaceda,  Associate  Professor  of  Pol it ical  Sc ience  and  Director  of  the  Center  for  Scholarship  and  Global  Engagement   (CSGE)  

Mr.  Keith  Davie,  Nyack  Col lege  Director  of  Athlet ics  and  Men’s  Soccer  Chairman  for  the  Central  At lantic  Col legiate  Conference   (CACC)  

Dr.  Kale  Yu,  Assistant  Professor  of  History  

2:45  –  3:00pm       Award  Ceremony      

FIRST GROUP IMMUNIZATION: Immune as a Nation Kevin Lazaro, Rona Ventillo, Victoria Bollivar Measles are detrimental to all populations of every nation, especially to third-world countries, where spreading occurs so rapidly. Measles outbreaks and epidemics could be vanished, and a thing of the past with the use of immunizations. Having the technology and not utilizing it, creates a health disparity in the United States, and especially in third world countries. Third world countries that do not use vaccinations are showing an overwhelming increase in Measles outbreaks; and even outbreaks in the United States, such as the most recent outbreak in Disneyland is just one example of how threatening and easily communicable Measles is. Healthy People 2020 have included increasing the rates of immunizations, and decreasing the rate of preventable disease in its objectives, in an effort to overcome massive hurdles that third-world countries predominantly face. We, as a global effort, must spread awareness. Lack of access, supply shortages, record keeping, cultural adversities, a lack of education, and financial means are some obstacles that stand in the way of Measles becoming an extinct and unheard of disease. Cry Over Spilled Milk Abigail Lawson, Natalie Owcharuk, Kari Nehlsen, Ashley Rodriguez Calcium is an essential mineral for bones, teeth and regular heart rhythm. It is also the mineral that is most likely to be deficient in the human diet. In America today, there is a calcium deficiency epidemic specifically among adolescence. The Adequate Intake for Calcium in those ages 9-18 is 1300 mg per day. In this project we seek to analyze the effects of calcium deficiency in adolescence, the cause of the shortage and practical tips for meeting calcium needs without dietary supplements. About 43% of the U.S. population uses dietary supplements for calcium, which increases their calcium intake by 330 mg/day. Babies Know What’SUPlement Karisa Rowse, Katalina Padilla, Haley Stern, Ashley Maselli Rickets is the disease caused by a dietary lack of vitamin D and causes the softening and or weakening of bones in young infants and children. A lack of vitamin D, the vitamin needed to properly form and strengthen bones and teeth, can cause an inadequate absorption of calcium and phosphorous into the gastrointestinal tract. Studies are being conducted to determine the proper amount of supplementation to give breast-fed infants in specific, as they are at higher risk of developing the disease. This work displays the causes, symptoms, and potential treatments, including supplementation of vitamin D, of breastfed infants and their mothers with a vitamin D deficiency.

A Funeral for My Fat Xelena Santiago, Leila Pierre, Dilayla Hidalgo, Scarleth Perez Type 2 diabetes is hugely important because as of 2014, according to Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, 29.1 million people of the population, almost 10% of US population has type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is a disease that is caused when the body makes sufficient amounts of insulin but the body doesn’t recognize all of it and only uses very little amounts, which is insufficient for the body. Diabetes can lead to problems such as heart disease, stroke, vision loss, kidney disease, and nerve damage. Researchers have come to a conclusion that losing weight with a healthy diet can prevent Type 2 Diabetes. Research shows that replacing unsaturated fatty acids for saturated fats in diet will improve insulin and cholesterol levels in diabetics, which then can lead to weight loss. The key to preventing diabetes is to lose weight by eating healthy foods that are lower in fat and calories and being physically active. During this research, we will explain that type 2 diabetes can be prevented by maintaining a good diet, by decreasing the amount of fat in the body and exercising regularly. Stripping MRSA down to the bare bones Katherine Oldfield, Emily Barner, Diana Hernandez MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus) is a major issue across the world for many hospitals and their patients. MRSA is a difficult to treat bacterium that can spread through the body and cause damage to many different organ systems. Osteomyelitis is the name of infections in bones and can be either chronic or acute. Osteomyelitis can come from infection of the blood stream or through injury that exposes bone tissue to bacterium in the air. This poster intends to explain and describe what exactly MRSA osteomyelitis is, how it occurs, its treatments and a closer look into its effects on the human skeletal system. Combating PTSD: The War at Home Alexander McLeod, Victoria Hummel, Theresa Hammel Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious crisis in the veteran population that affects up to 30% of veterans. This disorder has a high comorbidity with other mental health disorders, poor physical health, and high health care use. Effective treatment of PTSD is available, but significant disparities exist. Often other therapies are utilized before using prolonged exposure, the most effective of the treatments. Several researchers found support for the claim that exposure therapy is consistently effective in veterans returning from active combat. Implementing the effective prolonged exposure therapies while on active duty will significantly reduce the risk of PTSD development or worsening. Veterans often do not seek or have access to these treatments after active duty whether because of the stigma that is placed on receiving help or from lack of resources. Nurses must advocate for veterans, suggesting the most effective treatments and encouraging them to seek available help.

The Effect of Mnemonic Device Use on Short and Long term Memory Retention Danielle Page The use of mnemonic devices is a useful method to improve memory retention. Mnemonic devices are used in some classrooms, however their use is sporadic. This study examined whether or not students are better able to memorize a list of items when given a mnemonic device in comparison to students that were not given a mnemonic device. This study was conducted over a one-week period. At the conclusion of the one-week, the average scores, on two memorization tests, of the group of students that were provided with a mnemonic device was compared to the average of the group of students who were not provided with a mnemonic device. The United Nations Millennium Goal of Universal Education Robert Rodriguez, Kelsey Lyons, Micah Wiggins, Kirsten Ibe The object of this research is to prove that the United Nations millennium goal of universal primary education was successfully met and its byproduct of reducing poverty, increasing global development, and encouraging environmental stability. Based on information provided by the United Nations and other credible sources on the millennium goals and how they were met, we see the tremendous increase in universal primary education over the last fifteen years. The byproducts of this millennium goal have also seen positive results in the areas of the world where primary education has been implemented. While poverty is still the leading reason why children are not in school, the vicious cycle is having less control with the help of funding from programs and organizations. While increasing global development is said to be a part of universal primary education, there is still a great need to strengthen the link between the two goals. There is still a growing demand for greater data into the research of environmental sustainability. We will show how universal primary education can be a key building block to better sustain world’s environment. Artificial Photosynthesis for Sustainable Fuel Kuan Chiu Plants have been doing it for millions of years, but not until recently have we have finally started to copy this process, photosynthesis. With the innovation in the nano-technological field, artificial photosynthesis could be a viable solution to many real world issues. If this new exciting technology can be perfected it could potentially solve the issue of global warming by removing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and most importantly our growing energy crisis. Aided with new artificial catalysts, hydrogen can be produced which could be used to power hydrogen fuel cells or reacted with carbon to form hydrocarbons similar to many petroleum products. We live in exciting times, and with this new technology we will taking a step in the right direction. A greener more sustainable future.

Discoveries of TNF Helping Children with JRA Michael Ye, Joel Padilla, Elias Diaz, David Calle There are about 300,000 children in the U.S. with some kind of arthritis. Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) is a disease among children that affects approximately 50,000 children in the U.S. Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), is a protein that causes inflammation amongst patients that has JRA. We will explain what TNF is and how TNF causes severe JRA; what the treatments are to prevent TNF to have less pain, and that can help a person go to remission. We will explain risks and complications regarding treating TNF; and show how diet and other lifestyle changes can help cope with TNF. Writing Center Information Poster Bethany Haas, Kassie Neuman The Writing Center would like to present a poster at the Student Research Conference detailing to students and faculty what the Writing Center is doing on campus. The poster will dispel myths that the student body often believes about the Writing Center, as well begin a conversation on the importance of writing as a process. Students and faculty will be able to see statistics on the services of the Writing Center, and get a better idea of the work being done there. This poster will also highlight the student workers of the Center. The goal of the poster is to explain the work of the Writing Center, encourage students in the writing process, and also encourage use of the Center. The poster will be presented by the two Co-Student Coordinators, Bethany Haas and Kassie Neumann. Regeneration: How Cells, Biomaterial, and Printers are Saving Lives Anatoliy Ivantchouk and Trisha Frazer The issue of searching for organ donors has been potentially solved. Researchers are discovering that through stem cells, biomaterial, and the three-dimensional printing of the molds of kidneys that it is possible to one day make fully functional organs. The biggest difficulty with printing three-dimensional, functional organs is the process of including intricate networks of veins, arteries, and capillaries that provide nutrition for the tissue and eliminate waste. The vast amount of lives that could be improved or saved requires future generations to support the advancement of three-dimensional printing and the field of cell regeneration. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) April Arcibal, Luke Eskelund, Joanne Pelino, Martine Sainvil Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a pattern of abnormalities in a child due to the consumption, by the mother, of alcohol during or before childbirth. The entrance of alcohol enters the mother’s bloodstream and as a result, nutrient normal absorption in the child becomes altered. Consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can disrupt the central nervous system and cause brain alteration of the fetus. The symptoms of FASD, how FASD is traditionally

diagnosed, and warning signs of FASD will be explored. Early diagnosis and treatment is a vital factor in preventing FASD. Although there is no cure, proper medical interventions, psychological therapies, and medications can help manage the many disorders of FASD. Family counseling is also important to establish a stable, loving home environment for the children. Idiopathic General Epilepsy Diantha Parchment, Valentina Pshenichnaya, Andre Riley Epilepsy is a chronic non-communicable neurological disorder that results in reoccurring seizures in the body. This work explores the symptoms, effects, and ranges of possible treatments of Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy, which makes up a third of all types of epilepsies. Sources indicate that approximately 50 million people, many of whom are children, are affected by this disorder, both physically and socio-economically. Symptoms range from twitching to loss of consciousness and convulsion. Economic and social concerns as they relate to various health-care needs, loss of work productivity and discrimination is also discussed. There is no cure for this form of epilepsy yet, and treatment options (e.g., medication, surgery, dietary therapy) are quite limited, with the best options only achieving about 70% efficiency. Thus, our work also hopes to raise awareness of this condition by sharing the efforts of organizations such as the Epilepsy Foundation. Diabetes Rediscovered Paige Burrell, Patrick Findley Diabetes is a condition that results in elevated levels of blood sugar due to failure of the body glucose regulation mechanism. The most common forms of diabetes are Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 Diabetes occurs from birth and is insulin dependent. The definition of Type 1 Diabetes is when the body is not producing insulin in the pancreas and therefore it cannot be cured. The treatment for Type 1 Diabetes is insulin. The second form of diabetes is Type 2 Diabetes which is obtained through obesity. Insulin cannot be used to treat someone who has Type 2 Diabetes. A healthy diet and exercise is the treatment which can help cure Type 2 Diabetes. New techniques are being developed for patients suffering from Type 1 Diabetes. Doctors and researchers have been developing an apparatus to replace an insufficient pancreas. This artificial pancreas would do the job of providing insulin into the blood. Our Home is Your Home: Health Care Disparities and Immigrants Maya Baker, Colleen Kim, Michelle Kim Immigrants are the essence of America’s foundation: people of all nations seeking freedom and other dreams have cultivated today’s America. However, the health care disparities that exist for this growing population affect immigrants’ potential to contribute to this diverse nation. Because of frequent marginalization from the social ladder, many immigrants do not have easy access to healthcare and are often ostracized based on their legal status. The healthcare setting is often not prepared or able to properly accommodate immigrants. Social determinants, discrimination,

linguistic barriers, socioeconomic status, differences in cultural practices, undocumented status, illiteracy, lack of insurance and lack of follow up treatment by the immigrants perpetuate disparities. These barriers to effective health care and their effects on the current state of immigrants’ health supports the urgency to increase access to affordable insurance, targeted healthcare for specific ethnicities, and other viable treatment options, and as a result, promote health in the general immigrant populations. Nurses can play a pivotal role adopting innovating strategies, such as applying story theory, to enhance culturally competent care for immigrant patients, being actively involved in local organizations and health affairs regarding the immigrant communities, and serving as educators to alleviate misconceptions and miscommunications. The Search for a Cure for Multiple Sclerosis Natasha Sayed, Sarah Scheidt, Philip Strangolagalli, Evan Usher Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that was first recorded in 1838, but initial studies on the disease occurred in 1868. While the cause of Multiple Sclerosis seems to remain unknown, there are some factors that may contribute to the onset of this autoimmune disease. While the primary effect of Multiple Sclerosis is the demyelination of axons, the symptoms and their rates of progression vary greatly from patient to patient. Interestingly, geographic regions that are further from the equator have more cases of Multiple Sclerosis while regions that are closer to the equator have the least. Some sources suggest that more sunlight exposure may be a key to prevention. Other factors have been identified and these may explain possible mechanistic causes of Multiple Sclerosis. Such work will be pivotal to discovering a way to prevent and/or cure this debilitating condition. Type 1 Diabetes Zachary Hammond, Thomas McDonald, Toni Mutschler This work surveys Type 1 Diabetes, a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces insufficient amounts of insulin. Insulin is a hormone needed to regulate glucose levels in the blood. Glucose is used by all cells to produce ATP. Diagnosis of this disease, different types of available treatments, and expected life style changes will be discussed. This disease is incurable and must be controlled throughout life. If properly supplemented with insulin, the long term effects become manageable. We also feature a description and life of a subject diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes. We will also explore the history of the first documented case of Type 1 Diabetes and several demographic statistics describing the prevalence of this disorder. Overall, our main goal is to increase awareness of this disease and to emphasize that maintaining a healthy lifestyle may protect one from long-term debilitating symptoms typical of Type 1 Diabetes.

We’re Surrounded: Ecology of Bacteriophages Jack Henley, Tesla Murillo, Maria Shields What is a bacterium? What’s a bacteriophage? What is ecology? A bacterium is unicellular microorganism, which represents one of the most basic forms of life. A bacteriophage (“phage,” for short) is a virus that attacks bacteria so they can reproduce. Ecology is a branch of biology that deals with relationships that organisms share with one another and their physical surroundings. And so, phage ecology is the study of the interaction of phage with their biotic and abiotic environments. We describe reasons why it is worthwhile to explore bacteriophages in plants and ecology, with a special emphasis on work from the American Phytopathological Society (APS). Phage therapy in combating foodborne bacteria Alice Rollings, Bee Lee and Liam Callagan Microbial contamination is a continuous and unbaiting problem in the food industry, despite modern technological and scientific advances. The problem is exasperated further by the overuse of antibiotics making bacteria resistant to antibiotics. If it is left unaddressed and continued to run its course, the world could be facing nothing short of a global catastrophe; the end of antibiotics as we know them. The best and most viable option is the use of bacteriophages in preventing not only foodborne sickness, but antibiotic resistance. By using viruses to target and destroy harmful bacteria in food, we can address many of the foodborne diseases that cause more than 1,300 deaths and affects more than 9 million people a year in the United States alone. By using phage therapy, we can prevent antibiotic resistance by eradicating the bacteria before it is able to make contact with people. Move to Improve: Knocking out Childhood Obesity Victoria Lopez-Nash, Lauren Lebo Obesity is an increasing concern for children of low socioeconomic status in United States. Obesity predisposes these children to a myriad of health concerns including diabetes, coronary heart disease, cancer, strokes, respiratory concerns, and liver or gallbladder disease. To help reduce these health issues, effective approaches to manage children's weight must be implemented, mainly including diet and exercise. The Let's Move Campaign targets both of these aspects with a focus on interventions for children, parents, schools, communities, and healthcare providers. To eliminate healthcare disparities among those of low socioeconomic status, all five areas must be addressed. This campaign focuses on education and care in early life, one of the major social determinants of health, integrating education about and implementation of strategies to improve diet and exercise. It emphasizes healthy living from an early age and making health activities appealing to children. Over the past five years, this program has had nationwide success. More research needs to be done on methods to spread this campaign from a national to local level, becoming adopted by individual communities.

T4 Bacteriophage and Its Application in Medicine Ashley Bazemore, Abigail Elliott, Justin Gabriele When T4 bacteriophage attacks a E. coli bacterium, this bacterium is transformed into a factory that replicates copies of T4 phages. Studies suggest that the co-delivery of DNA and proteins using T4 could be useful as a vaccine to infectious diseases such as Malaria and HIV. Vaccines are an anchor in the health field, and T4 bacteriophage has unique properties that make it especially promising. Special tags, Hoc/Sac antigens, are immunogenic and fuse on the T4 capsid that make the bacteriophage more efficient. This special binding process makes T4 a useful tool for the development for a wide range of vaccines. T4 can be used in fight disease. As an example, we will feature the bacterium Yersinia pestis, commonly known as the plague transferred through rats into humans. Yersinia pestis has been evolving for the past 1,500-20,000 years. Infection by this bacterium can be fatal but how can T4 fight it? Phage Therapy in the Food Industry Aisha Castro, Michelle Fraser, Piotr Piasecki, Hwa Soo Ryoo Bacteriophages or “phages” are viruses that invade bacterial cells and, in the case of lytic phages, disrupt bacterial metabolism and cause the bacterium to destruct. Phage therapy is the therapeutic use of lytic bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections. Bacteria develop resistance to phages, but it is easier to develop new phage than new antibiotics. Can phages become a new means of food safety? In recent years, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration have recently approved commercial phage preparations to prevent bacterial contamination of livestock, food crops, mean and other foods. Microbiologists state that phages do not have any known adverse effects on humans, animals, or the environment, and in fact gravitate toward wherever bacteria live. For this reason, many scientists and food safety experts predict that phages can constitute a promising alternative in the food industry to eliminate bacterial pathogens. Adding by Subtracting: Furthering the Green Gospel Anita dos Santos, Susannah Devenney, Rebecca Dominguez, Christine Rosa de Freitas The church’s lack of understanding about biblical earth care causes it to have a materialistic mindset and over consume resources. Our research is aimed at finding ways for the church to effectively integrate a green mindset to its theology and influence members to care for the earth as God’s Creation. Bridges: Cultural Competency & Health Care Disparities Tiara Austin, Marina Babu, Jennifer Beltran In the era where diversity has become more apparent, the issue of being culturally aware has become integral in establishing a society in which all subsets are recognized and respected. America is equated as a melting pot because of its rich history of immigrant enculturation and the ever changing diversity that captures the heart of the country. However, there is an implicit

disadvantage to minority groups, and today, minorities face health disparities that are increasingly detrimental to their wellbeing. Based on a review of the literature, we identify cultural competency as the key to correcting health disparities through education, outreach, and enforced equality for minority groups Supplements: The answer to athlete’s recovery problems? Jennifer Mattson, Jenell Glover, Kayla Carranza, Rhea Clarke A balanced diet and eating a variety of foods is the best way for our bodies to receive all the essential vitamins and minerals; however, even athletes at times may be deficient in vital nutrients that their bodies need in order to thrive. Supplements, such as PLX, have been developed to meet the demands of athletes in their rigorous tasks and increased nutritional needs. Many athletes find themselves out for weeks or even seasons at a time due to sports-related injuries. This often leaves the players as individuals and the team at a disadvantage. The intention is to find out if athletes who choose to turn to supplements as part of their recovery regimen heal faster than those who do not so that it may be implemented into the regular practices of teams. The Work of God: Angleman Syndrome Stephanie Azevedo, Ashley Figueroa, Jesseica Lugo Angelman syndrome (AS) is characterized by delayed development by 6 to 12 months, intellectual disabilities, severe speech impairment, difficulty with balance and movement, reoccurring seizures, and mental retardation. Behavioral features include a constant happy demeanor, hyperactivity, sleep problems, hand flapping movements such as clapping, and frequent unprovoked laughing and smiling. It is a rare neurogenic disease that only affects 1 in 12,000 people. Angelman syndrome is a result of a malfunction in the UBE3A gene or two copies of the 15th chromosome. Treatment options include seizure medication, physical therapy, and use of sign language for communication purposes. Elephantiasis Karis Walborn, Nicholas Manfredi and Nicole Pilkerton This work presents the definition, causes, treatments, and dispersion of elephantiasis. Elephantiasis is a syndrome most frequently caused by the blockage of the lymphatic system which results in a collection of fluids in the tissues. The blockage, typically caused by three types of roundworms, results in swelling called lymphedema. The swelling can become extremely large, coarse, and discolored, like the legs of an elephant. The worms that cause elephantiasis are transported by certain species of blood sucking mosquitoes. The actual infection of the worms in a human's system is called lymphatic filariasis. The worms typically have a life-span of three to eight years, but have been known to reach up to 20. Diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis can be done, although difficult, through blood, urine, or hydrocele tests; however, once elephantiasis

has begun, the syndrome is visible to the eye. There are treatment options available to reduce elephantiasis, however, in many areas of the world the treatment is hard to reach. A perspective regarding geographic location and climate regarding this disease is examined under the causes and dispersion of this syndrome. Iron Sharpens Iron De’Andre Ralston, Michelle Schiewem, Jaquan Eason, Elisa Shin Obesity is one of the most common, but unaddressed health problems that America has ever encountered. Obesity can be defined as an excess proportion of bodily fat. An obese person, is a person whose Body Mass Index reading is 20 percent or more than the average. The health impacts of obesity can defer from bone and joint problems, to heart disease, cancer and even diabetes. If not confronted obesity can and will continue to take lives. If obesity is such an epidemic in our society, what can we do about it? As believers it is our job to sharpen the mind of our brothers and sisters, as well as non-believers to understand that we are the front line fight against obesity in America.

SECOND GROUP

“The Traffic Stops Here” Kenechi Onwumelu, Genevievre Valcourt, Phebe Thomas Within the last two decades, the trafficking of women and children for the purposes of sexual exploitation has become a major problem. While the United States historically has not been one of the more visible destination sites for this type of trafficking, recent data suggests the problem is one of national significance and one that is growing in range and magnitude. The United States government estimates that over 50,000 women and children are trafficked into the country every year. They are susceptible to recruitment by the organized criminals that operate the sex industry because of socioeconomic desperation and disadvantage. Recruiters often offer money and economic opportunity in order to pull them in. Once recruited into the sex industry, it is extremely difficult to break free. The cycle of desperation and impoverishment perpetuate the cycle of abuse endured by these victims. These problems are pervasive and definitely deserving of increased scrutiny by the United States government. As nurses, it is our responsibility to respond and advocate for victims of sex trafficking. We should be able to detect and identify those victims who are trapped in sex trafficking. We want to bring awareness to this type of slavery that is going on all over the world, including the United States. There are many different types of organizations all over the world that are trying to rescue those victims and prevent this from continuing. We recommend that as nurses we need to learn the signs of those who are suffering from this rampant and devastating fate in order to discretely and safely intervene. We conclude that as future healthcare professionals we will have an open platform to aid those in despair and we need to educate ourselves on this matter in order to properly do so. Bacteriophage Viral Vectors Emily Beard, Patrick Findley, Matthew Yun Bacteriophages are viruses that lyse (or break) bacteria host cells by entering their (viral) DNA into the bacterium. This forces the bacterium to reproduce more of the virus, ultimately destroying the bacteria in a process called transduction. Viral vectors are used by biologist and medical professionals for curing of genetic diseases or disorders using the transduction method. They are also used for pathogens resistant to antibiotics. Our work focuses on experiments and medical trials concentrated on fusing both bacteriophages and viral vectors. While retroviruses are typically used as viral vectors, new research suggests that bacteriophages can do the same job. There are many advantages to using viral vectors. Over the years, viruses have evolved and this has allowed them to become very efficient at delivery of genetic material to specific cell types while avoiding detection by host immune systems. Thus, viruses are attractive gene-delivery vectors for gene therapy.

The Effect of Infidelity, Initiator Status, and Spiritual Well-Being on Men’s Divorce Adjustment Sabrina Durand, Dawn Groves, Charletta Rozzell The purpose of the research project was to explore factors that contribute to the recovery of divorce and understand the effects that infidelity, initiator status, and spiritual well-being have on the adjustment to divorce for men. Inspired by an earlier study conducted on women’s adjustment to divorce (Steiner, Suarez, Sells, & Wykes, 2011), this study focused solely on men. Using the Fisher Divorce Adjustment Scale and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale, 103 male participants were surveyed and questioned about their experience with divorce and how they adjusted. The findings revealed that 21% of men’s divorce adjustment can be predicted by their spiritual well-being. This study applies to the discipline of mental health counseling because it provides concrete information about the male population that could aid counselors in creating treatment plans and services that meet the specific needs of men. Assessing the spiritual well- being of a divorced male can be suitable for a healthier recovery. The peer-reviewed article based on this study was recently published without revision in the prestigious Journal of Divorce and Remarriage in February 2015. It now adds to the greater body of research and the limited statistics on men. The hope is that this will inspire continued research in the mental health field and improved services for underserved populations.

Dying of Thirst? Clean Water & Healthcare Disparities Kristen Burleson, Janique Jacobs How thirsty are you? Is it really worth drinking that water? Do you know that what’s in it can harm infants and pregnancy - the main key to growing His kingdom? Many people face this problem on a daily basis unaware of the dangers they face. Access to healthy drinking water is essential to protecting people’s health. Contaminated drinking water facilitates disease and its spread and is a problem that disproportionally affects people with health disparities worldwide. We compare statics on the US water supply with several other countries and highlight how the guinea worm disease was successfully eradicated in Africa. Facts regarding an exemplary multiregional project are discussed with an emphasis on the role of national leadership and international collaboration. Nurses are researching how environmental factors affect health and actively educate community health nurses to build their knowledge and skills. As Christian nurses, we can build God’s kingdom by advocating for those in need. The Effects of Celiac Disease Elias Diaz, Philip Hurtault, Claudy Zamor, David Calle Celiac Disease is a digestive and autoimmune disorder that results in damage to the lining of the small intestine when foods with gluten are eaten. Gluten is a protein found within grains in which the body does not have the enzyme Dipeptidyl Peptidase to break it down. As a result of the body’s inability to break down this protein, it damages the small and large intestines making it harder for the body to absorb necessary nutrients. During this research, we will examine the

effects Celiac Disease has on the body and how dietary changes can help alleviate symptoms. We will also investigate the health problems accompanied by Celiac Disease and the effects it has on the absorption of nutrients such as iron, which can cause anemia due to the lack of hemoglobin. Achondroplasia: To Treat or Not to Treat Ashley Maselli, Haley Stern Our project will focus on the genetic condition Achondroplasia, more commonly known as dwarfism which affects the length of the limbs. Since Achondroplasia is a common disorder that affects many people around the world, and the most obvious symptom is short stature, numerous patients may consider limb lengthening as a treatment. Our presentation will focus of the disabled functions of the shortened legs and whether or not extending the limbs and prescribing growth hormones to the patient would have a beneficial impact. Although people with achrondoplasia are able to live a normal life despite their height, our research will involve the advantages and disadvantages of the available treatment and how living with shortened legs has an effect on their life. Rethinking Estrogen: Osteoporosis Katalina Padilla, Karissa Rowse Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that causes the weakening of bones, which in turn causes bones to become susceptible to fracture and breakage. This estrogen deficiency disease is the main cause of bone tissue defect and causes a loss of bone. Making it worth discussing the possibility of starting hormone substitution including estrogen treatment along with progesterone, which formerly was the only FDA approved treatment to treat primary osteoporosis. However, it still remains a fairly common treatment to conserve bone mass and prevent osteoporosis-fractures while other treatments do now exist. Lifestyle changes, involving diet alteration and weight-bearing exercise, are also necessary for the prevention of osteoporosis, an incurable disease. This work will be investigating the causes and effects, and possible estrogen replacement treatments of primary osteoporosis- the type most closely associated with lack of estrogen in postmenopausal women. Give Your Bones a Drink: It Can Save Your Life Ashley Rodriguez, Sharon Abraham, Susan Prondak Intraosseous infusion, is a procedure that is performed by placing a needle into the middle of the bone, usually the tibia, where absorption by the veins in the bone provides a temporary means of administering medications and fluids to patients, when an intravenous access cannot be obtained. This procedure is found to be very effective in many life-threatening situations. The focus of our research will on the techniques and procedures, used in this type of infusion, in emergency situations in children. Although Intraosseous infusion is well known for the use in children,

research shows that many physicians are now using it more frequently to save the lives of adults as well. A Slap On The Wrist Leila Pierre, Xelena Santiago, Scarleth Perez, Edneraldine Simon Carpal tunnel syndrome arises when there is a lack of space for the median nerve within the carpal tunnel . As a result, once the flexor tendons move this causes a lot of pain within the hand and wrist. The median nerve supplies the sensations to the palm side of the thumb, index, middle finger, and on the inside half of the ring finger. As the tendons begin to swell, compression slows or blocks nerve impulses from travelling through the medial nerve. Once this nerve is invaded or pinched, numbness, tingling, and sometimes pain of the affected fingers and hand may occur and then transmitted into the forearm. According to recent research using a splint has been known to aid in treatment towards the carpal tunnel syndrome. During this research we shall be discussing in more detail as to whether having a splint as treatments to carpal tunnel syndrome is actually effective or possibly making things worse for the patient. The Most Important Meal of the Day: Breakfast Adelle Decker-Pavlik, Natasha Haynes, Melissa Moore Breakfast is proven to have a profound effect on the wellbeing of elementary school-aged children in the U.S. Various factors affect the availability of nutritious meals and increase the amount of food insecurity within many homes. The United States Department of Agriculture states that approximately 11% of U.S. households (12.6 million) have difficulty providing sufficient food for each household member, approximately 29,000 to 33,000 being children. This unfortunate debilitating dilemma is associated with a wide-range of adverse effects on growth and development; inconsistencies in education, physical performance, learning deficiencies, poor cognition and short attention spans. However, disparities in breakfast consumption is an issue that can be overturned by incorporating beneficial measures, such as school breakfast programs and “eaten in the classroom” opportunities; as well as providing parental and community education regarding the importance of breakfast. Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day for multiple reasons. Breakfast should have a low glycemic index containing a balance of protein, fat and carbohydrates. Recent studies indicate that such nutrients act on molecular systems or cellular processes that are essential for cognition. The federally funded program, “Breakfast in the Classroom” provides students with breakfast that is consumed in the classroom. This gives students an equal opportunity to eat a well-balanced meal. Research studies have found that academic achievement among students who eat school breakfast have shown improvement in vocabulary, math, and standardized tests, while also exhibiting better attendance, fewer behavioral/psychological problems. Numerous studies provide evidence showing that the consumption of breakfast provides both educational and health benefits that can have lasting effects.

Shrinking by the beans Ashley Valenzuela, Fabriline Augustin, Christene Bogle, Nicolette Samakande The concerning numbers of overweight and obese people has opened new opportunities for weight loss supplements. Green coffee bean extract, is known as a popular weight loss supplement. Throughout years, the experimented results have increased its use. Green Coffee Bean Extract, is used in many dietary supplements for weight loss. The product has become increasingly popular, even attracting the attention of one of Television’s most famous doctors, Dr. Oz. We will consider the data and results provided by experiments that tested the validity of Green Coffee Bean Extract and determine whether Green Coffee Bean Extract will help a subject lose weight. Greener is Cleaner: Bioremediation of PAHs Hwa Soo Ryoo, Emily Barner, Abigail Elliot Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are anthropogenic organic compounds that are accumulating rapidly in the environment, primarily because of fossil fuel emissions. PAHs are nonpolar molecules composed of multiple aromatic rings formed when insufficient oxygen or other factors result in incomplete combustion of organic matter. One major tool in eliminating PAHs is bioremediation through microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae. They break down these molecules through oxidation with enzymes (in bacteria) or hydroxylation (in fungi). Bioreactors currently utilize these biological functions in environmental cleanup. Pyrosequencing is a mechanism scientists use to find bacteria beneficial in removing PAHs. Scientists are actively researching and genetically modifying plants and bacteria to achieve optimal results in removing toxic compounds. By possessing the knowledge of what PAHs are, the role of plants and bacteria in regulating PAH, and how to maximize the effects of bioremediation, the environment will be a cleaner and safer place to live. Trisomy 21 Marina Babu, Maya Baker and Michelle Kim Down Syndrome, or trisomy 21, is a chromosomal disorder that affects physical and cognitive abilities. Far set eyes, flat facial features, short stature, bulging tongue, and difficulties communicating with a childlike persona are immediate cues that helps identify a person with down syndrome. Upon discovery during prenatal screening, most pregnancies are terminated. For those that continue onto the external world, many obstacles are faced, despite awareness, genetic, and pharmacological research available for this disease. Increased life expectancy further imposes struggles for those with down syndrome as physical and cognitive functions decline with age. The genetic story, lifelong consequences and disabilities, treatments and support available must be explored to help the affected population. Education for families who have members with the disorder will further alleviate the confusion, negative stigmatism, and helplessness as there currently is no cure. As society faces tomorrow, there is hope for greater understanding, appreciation, and treatment options to better the life of those with the disorder and their loved ones.

Angelman Syndrome Percy Dansoh, Tyler Jobson and Joel Padilla Angelman syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects 1 in 15,000 people worldwide. It is a disorder that affects all racial and ethnic groups equally. It is a mental disorder that can be seen as early as 6 to 12 months due to the developmental disabilities associated to it. However, unlike other genetic diseases Angelman syndrome is one of the few disorders in which the individuals are still capable of living a normal life span. In this paper the etiology, the symptoms, and the treatment for this genetic disorder will be thoroughly discussed. The purpose being to inform our community of the disorder, with hope of making them aware of its relevance and how to empathize with people with this disorder. The Role of a Watchman: Genetics and Christian Ethics Tiara Austin, Min Jeong (Colleen) Kim The era of electronics is slowly fading away, and the advent of genetics has come. Since decades ago, scientists have been involved in countless genetic researches in a vast field of areas from molecular to clinical, and there have been astonishing discoveries and accomplishments, such as cloning Dolly the sheep in 1996 and sequencing the entire human genome in 2003. Consequently, there were numerous discussions and arguments encompassing ethical issues in classes and at home. However, it has been very difficult to fully understand different studies and current researches being done and to formulate appropriate response to the current state of genetics in the light of Christian beliefs shaded by flat-out sprint of science. Especially, with its rapid development and potential to demolish human ethics and morality, it will be like setting up a time bomb unless we address this issue and raise more awareness. Thus, in this research poster, we will be presenting general genetic studies that have been done in a laymen term, define a subjective border that can be drawn in possible negotiation with the counterpart, and discuss the roles and ways to protect Christian beliefs and faith as a watchman. Can’t Wait to Grow Up Taisha Cherestal, Victoria Bollivar, Victoria Lopez-Nash, Arsenia Reed Progeria is a rare mysterious disease among children whom unfortunately age quickly before their time. About 1 in 4 to 8 million children have progeria. Leslie Gordon, the mother of Sam Gordon had a child with this rare disease. She quit her medical practice and created the Progeria Research Foundation. The goal of this research foundation is to find a cure for progeria as well as providing comfort for parents whose kids suffer for this rare disease. Initially, children with progeria develop normally for the first year of their life. But then, their development begins to move slowly. Their bones become weakened, their joints stiffen, their skin begins to wrinkle up, and they often lose their hair. Most of progeria signs resemble what elderly people go through. Progeria is a result of the swapping of 69n, which is a gene called LMNA. Finding the LMNA gene has aided in helping to find treatments for children with Progeria.

Two Mums, One Dad: Why the UK Approved Three Person Babies Alexander McLeod and Victoria Hummel Mitochondrial replacement is a procedure that prevents the transmission of a mitochondrial disease by inserting the intended mother and father’s nuclear DNA into an egg of a donor woman that contains healthy mitochondria. Mitochondrial diseases are passed from a mother to all of her children and often have devastating effects. There are many kinds of mitochondrial diseases that produce symptoms such as strokes, seizures, blindness, deafness and many more. Mitochondrial diseases affect about 1 in 5000 people and many women are often carriers of the disease without knowing. After many years of development, The United Kingdom has recently approved mitochondrial replacement and other countries are considering approval as well. We will explore the reason for mitochondrial replacement, the process of mitochondrial replacement and the controversies of safety and ethics associated with the procedure. What a Waste Katherine Oldfield The Hudson River is the final destination for many industrial organic waste sources. Excess organic material is contaminating the waters of the Hudson and causing problems for the marine life it houses. This waste is now viewed as an issue of concern and forecast to cost several billions of dollars to clean up. There are companies such as General Electric (GE), whom have already been found guilty of $400 million worth of damage and are now responsible for its eradication. In order to stop this situation from worsening further, people must come together as a unit and begin prevention schemes to protect the Hudson water quality. These could include extensive recycling and lawsuits against large companies whose waste resources worsen the rivers ability to function as a prosperous ecosystem. Phage Vaccines: A Story of Emerging Resistance Paige Burrell, Ryan Campbell, Drew Walker A phage is a virus that infects bacteria by replicating the DNA structure of the bacteria and therefore overtaking it. Our work focuses on phage vaccines. Major types of phage vaccines will be explored, such as inactivated trivalent standard and high-dose vaccine, recombinant trivalent vaccine, inactivated quadrivalent vaccine, and quadrivalent live attenuated vaccine. Vaccines have been around since the 1800’s. With respect to a typical virus vaccine, a low level strand of the virus is injected into the body. As a result, the body produces antibodies which stores a memory of the virus in the event that the body encounters it at a later time. While vaccines can fight infection, resistance has emerged as a troublesome consequence. As a result, resistant strains of many types of pathogens may be unaffected by newer vaccines. As medicine changes, so does the genetic background of phages. We intend to evaluate the claimed benefits and risks of vaccination as they relate to adapting phages.

Phages (Focusing on Leprosy) Savannah Jennings, Caleb Bailey, Caitlyn Sass, Alisha Wright Leprosy, also known as Hansen’s disease is a chronic infection caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Infections are usually without symptoms and typically will remain this way for 5 to as long as 20 years. The symptoms that develop are granulomas of the nerves, respiratory tract, skin, and eyes. This results in a lack of ability to feel pain and the loss of body parts due to repeated injuries. Weakness and poor eyesight are also commonly present. Mycobacterium leprae was one of the first identified bacterial pathogens and some of the monoclonal antibodies directed against M. leprae specific antigens have been used to isolate the genes encoding the five most immunogenic protein antigens of the leprosy bacillus. The mycobacterium which causes leprosy has been used to find genes for major protein antigens to protect the body from foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. Lets Dance!: Turning Elderly On, and Disparities Off Nicole C. Garcia, Ping Y. Kan, Jamie R. Rubi In the United States, older adults are particularly vulnerable to falls as they age, with an annual rising incidence of fall-related injuries. However, the factors that contribute to the risk of falls are modifiable and discussed in detail. Our research has found that most people, especially the elderly, know how to reduce the risk of falls but do not actively apply it to their lives. Thus, motivation becomes key for effective implementation of interventions - even such as that of regular everyday physical activity - which can easily help deter disease processes from following their clinical course. Improvements in physical activity is best achieved through multi-faceted strategies focusing on the individual patient goals, self-monitoring, as well as addressing specific barriers towards exercise. To increase long-term compliance, exercise instructions should be straightforward and understandable. The activities themselves should also be emotionally rewarding and physically appropriate, gearing towards the patient's individual health needs, beliefs, and goals. Biological implications for Christian Apologetics John Hein, Catherine Meher, Morgen Lippolt, Riley Jo Lauffer

Often the question arises when studying Biology for the Christian, what are the implications of this to the Christian life? Faith is not merely for church, but for all aspects of life, even science. How then, do Biology and Christianity meet? This paper will argue the biological evidence for a deistic creator as seen in genetics, the cell, and the human body system. It will seek to synthesize this information, reflecting on these evidences as a meeting ground of the sacred and secular minded communities as a place for conversation and intellectual discourse.

Stabilizing Haiti’s Electricity Anna Jarbeck, Rachel Buratovich, Cassidy Crossett One of Haiti’s main problems is the fact that the country lacks a stabile electrical supply throughout the country. Because the country is extremely poor and impoverished, the government cannot support a stabile electrical supply throughout the nation. Therefore, many hospitals and schools, buildings that absolutely need electricity, must rely on diesel generators, which are very unreliable, in order to supply their electrical needs. Therefore, a solution, based off of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s idea of “priming the pump,” has been proposed to stabilize the electrical supply throughout the nation. In order for the proposed solution to work, the nation must utilize their foreign aid to help better the country and stabilize its economy and electrical supply. The first step in the proposed solution is to stimulate the economy. The country must develop green-collar jobs that are focused on creating self-sufficient alternative forms of energy in order to “prime the pump” and create an economy that begins to function like it should: a self-sufficient economy. This step can be completed by tapping into the natural resources throughout the nation, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, and using them to create green-collar jobs and become less dependent on nonrenewable energy sources from other nations (therefore making it more self-sufficient). Once the nation becomes self-sufficient with a stable economy, it can finally utilize the new renewable energy sources to stabilize electricity around the country. The results from this proposed solution are more hospitals, schools, and factories/other industrial workplaces, which will further help the country become an industrialized first world country. A Sweet Life -- Diabetic Management Robin George, Felix Obeng, Grace Thomas "Nevertheless, I will bring health and healing to it; I will heal my people and will let them enjoy abundant peace and security” (Jeremiah 33:6). Health is not just about physical comfort but it involves social, economic and financial wealth. WHO defines health as the state of maintaining complete physical, social and mental well-being and not merely the absence of disease? What factors predispose someone from a low socioeconomic status to be more susceptible to infections? Having diabetes can make the goal of attaining complete well-being challenging, but it can also enhance understanding of one’s body. It is imperative to make the right nutritional choices while also incorporating lifestyle changes as a regular routine. What is the role of the nurse? The nurse has the responsibility as an educator to help the patient maintain their condition through lifestyle choices, proper medication regimen and continued glucose monitoring. Patients will have a unique priority for treatment and nurses have to incorporate their perspectives to keep them motivated. The Nyack Shower Savers Dan Kiernan, Faith Argeroplos, Stefani Ritter, Hannah Childs We aim to initiate a persistent water conservation plan for the Nyack College community. Our study has the potential impact other communities and make a difference in the world. While

water is renewable, current patterns of overconsumption forecasts detrimental consequences. Our communities must address water over consumption to function sustainably. Having collected water consumption statistics from a select group of Nyack students, we will present this data and propose solutions for greater populations. These findings and computations will then be applied to an increasingly larger area. We will encourage Nyack students to reduce their water consumption by providing them with easy changes they can make. These changes include turning off the water while brushing teeth, taking shorter showers, checking for and reporting leaks, and only washing full loads of laundry. In conjunction, the effects of current water use versus those of the projected conservation will be put on display.

The West Nile Virus Aaron Diaz, Rose Henriquez, Daniela Vanegas

The West Nile Virus is an infectious disease because that continues to show an increase of occurrences throughout different geographical areas. It was originally identified in 1937 in Uganda, Africa. By the summer of 1999 it was found in Queens, New York. The virus has been located in both temperate and tropical regions. Onset of virus infection in humans begins with a bite from an infected mosquito. Annually, a hundred million people infected with West Nile virus do not become seriously ill, but the condition still impacts their daily life. Individuals who overcome the virus become immune and will not get sick again but may leave residual symptoms. This work will explore the symptoms, physical effects, historical background, as well as ways to prevent and contain the virus. Alzheimer’s Disease Desiree Rivera, Ravensimone Palmer Alzheimer’s is an occurrence which is becoming consistent in the lives of individuals. Alzheimer’s is a prevalent factor amongst those who encounter levels of memory loss due to alterations and deaths of brain cells. In instances of Alzheimer’s, individuals who suffer from this disease ultimately have deaths of brain cells that continue to worsen over periods of time. This not only effects the lives of the individuals but their abilities to function normally. Furthermore, this may result in an unhealthy psychological state of mind in which awareness is impaired, additional impairments of basic interactions, skills, personality and behavior modifications. This disease can cause plaques and tangles in the brain in which ultimately alter the neurons in the brain leaving a great effect. This poster will touch base on specific alteration of Alzheimer’s disease, the genes that are associated with this disease, how DNA can alter this disease, therapeutic bacteriophages in which can assist in treating Alzheimer’s, and the consistencies of this disease.

T.O.G.E.T.H.E.R: Race, Reconciliation & Redemption in the Local Church Jelani Pinnock, Chase Connolly, Kristina Walters Are we, as the bride and body of Christ Jesus both individually and collectively racial reconciled? If we are, what feelings arise when those we claim to be reconciled with join hands with our daughters and sons to marry? The second advent of Christ will be a mission, “to get her.” To gather a bride reconciled together with herself, because He has reconciled her to himself. This redemptive act allowing us to be “joined by every supporting ligament, growing and building [one another] up in love, as each part had done its work” (2 Cor. 5:20, Eph. 4:16). Yet still, “Sunday morning remains one of the most segregated hours in American life, with more than 8 in 10 congregations made up of one predominant racial group, And most worshipers like it that way,” according to LifeWay Research (Smietana, 2015). Our poster, entitled “Together,” will focus on the realities of racial reconciliation, its progress, and digression within the body of Christ, and the clergy’s role in helping to dissuade the issue. After an in depth study of the Biblical Theology of racial reconciliation, the analyzing of LifeWay research’s findings, global and local governmental census’, and several peer reviewed academic articles, our findings will reveal the general scope of the issue, North American churches, pastors, laymen and women and their attitudes toward racial integration and reconciliation, and the forces of love that are amassing victories against the degenerate evil that is racism.