Ny EU & UNECE lagstiftning om tunga fordons ljudnivåer...Ny EU & UNECE lagstiftning om tunga fordons ljudnivåer 23 September 2015 Tekniska nämndhuset Stockholm Manfred Klopotek

Ny EU & UNECE lagstiftning

om tunga fordons ljudnivåer

23 September 2015

Tekniska nämndhuset

Stockholm

Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski

Seminarium om tystare busstrafik

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2015-09-23 Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski

Tystare busstrafik - är det möjligt och i så fall hur?

Seminarium om buller och busstrafik 23 Februari 2011, Armémuseum, Stockholm

Development of a New Global Type Approval Test Procedure

for Motor Vehicles With Regard to Their Noise Emissions

(Method B*)

Data Analysis of the Monitoring Phase of ECE/EU 2007-2010

UNECE WP 29

* Method B same as ISO362-1:2007

2015-09-23

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Info class Public RTR/ Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski


Tystare busstrafik - är det möjligt och i så fall hur?

Seminarium om tystare busstrafik 28 November 2014, Armémuseum, Stockholm

Development of a New Global Type Approval Test Procedure

for Motor Vehicles With Regard to Their Noise Emissions

(Method B*)

ISO362-1:2007

Regulation (EU) No 540/2014

Draft UNECE Regulation No 51 Series 03

* Method B same as ISO362-1:2007

2015-09-23

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Overview of the Presentation

Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/UNECE

Research on traffic and traffic noise

The new test method for heavy duty vehicles (Trucks & Buses)

Status of legal action

Other measures


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Historical background of traffic noise regulations in EU/ECE




Other measures

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Year of Entry into Force

75

80

85

90

95

Ma

xim

um

So

un

d E

mis

sio

n,

dB

(A)

HDV > 150 kW

HDV >75 kW and < 150 kW

1: 70/157/EWG (1970) 2: 77/212/EWG (1.10.1982)

3: 81/334/EWG (1.10.1985) 4: 84/424/EWG (1.10.1990) 5: 92/97/EWG (1.10.1996)

1

2 3

4

5

- 11 dB(A)

Limit values of commercial vehicles

Category M2, M3, N2 and N3

City Bus

2015-09-23

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250m Major noise emission from high loaded streets

Noise mapping according to 2002/49/EEC

Example: Zuffenhausen, DE

2015-09-23

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Sound levels of typical every day events

2015-09-23

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9







Other measures


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What is wrong with the actual type approval test ?

Why does the actual test not help to make traffic more quiet ?

Environmental noise burdens

Typical noise emissions in real life

Burdens from traffic noise

Noise exposure to people

How are vehicles driven in real traffic ?

What are the typical speeds, accelerations and engine

conditions ?

Research on traffic and traffic noise was

made in different directions

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

fleet share propulsion noise rolling noise total noise

perc

enta

ge o

f vehic

les/n

ois

e e

mis

sio

n e

nerg

y

motorcycles

scooters

trailer trucks

rigid trucks

light duty vehicles

cars

residential 30 km/h

7:00 to 19:00

EU-Projekt WG8 Traffic Noise Calculation Study (TRL & RWTÜV 2004)

Noise emission in real urban traffic

(residential areas)

6 %

Rolling noise

Propulsion noise

To be simulated by

Method B

48 %

2015-09-23

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Noise emission in real traffic

(0 km/h to 60 km/h)

Tyre/Road Noise

Propulsion noise

T/R Noise is dominating:

> 60km/h for commercial vehicles

To be simulated by

Method B

Source: M&P

GRB34-Inf09

2015-09-23

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Vehicle Speed distribution from a 2 hours Journey in Urban Streets

N2 Vehicle loaded at 50% of Maximum load - Average speed 33km/h

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

10Km/h 20Km/h 30Km/h 40Km/h 50Km/h 60Km/h 70Km/h

Driving Speed (Source ACEA CVN Manufacturer)

Fre

qu

en

cy i

n p

erc

en

tag

e

A target speed of 35 km/h ± 5 km/h was chosen.

Typical driving behaviour of a truck

in urban traffic

2015-09-23

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5% 15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85% 95% 105% 115%

Normalized engine speed (n-nidle)/(s-nidle)

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

No

rma

lize

d e

ng

ine

po

wer

Trucks, 150kW<= Pn <= 225kW

30km/h <= v <= 60km/h

Typical driving behaviour of a truck

in urban traffic

2.8-3.5%

2.5-2.8%

2.1-2.5%

1.8-2.1%

1.4-1.8%

1.1-1.4%

0.7-1.1%

0.4-0.7%

0.0-0.4%

Driving Time

Source: FIGE

To be simulated by

Method B

2015-09-23

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Other measures


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Method A

Scope (UNECE R51.02):

To reproduce the sound levels which

are generated by vehicles during full

throttle acceleration without any load

Method B

Scope (UNECE R51.03):

To reproduce the sound levels which

are generated by vehicles during

normal driving in urban traffic

Comparison

Method A and Method B


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Method A

Further reductions of the sound limit

values (UNECE R51.02) do not result

in a quieter urban environment

Method B

The reduction of the limit values

(UNECE R51.03) from phase 1 to

phase 3 by 3 - 4 db(A) reduces the

noise level in the urban environment

by approximate 1.8 dB(A) as

simulations have shown

Comparison

Method A and Method B


18 18

5% 15% 25% 35% 45% 55% 65% 75% 85% 95% 105% 115%

Normalized engine speed (n-nidle)/(s-nidle)

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

No

rma

lize

d e

ng

ine

po

wer

Trucks, 150kW<= Pn <= 225kW

30km/h <= v <= 60km/h

2.8-3.5%

2.5-2.8%

2.1-2.5%

1.8-2.1%

1.4-1.8%

1.1-1.4%

0.7-1.1%

0.4-0.7%

0.0-0.4%

Driving Time

Source: FIGE

* Method A: Today’s measurement procedure as implemented in Directive 92/97/EEC or UNECE R51.02

Method B for vehicles of

category M2 (GVW > 3.500 kg), M3, N2 & N3

For the pass by-test according to Method B, the objective is

to measure noise level in line with the noise emission of the

vehicle in urban areas.

To achieve the urban driving conditions, the new test

procedure is based on the following parameters:

vehicle acceleration

vehicle speed

engine speed

Outline for Method B for vehicles of

category M2 (GVW > 3.500 kg), M3, N2 & N3

2015-09-23

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Vehicle acceleration

The pass-by noise test is carried out in Wide Open Throttle (WOT)

condition

Target vehicle speed

The vehicle target speed for the test at BB‘ has been defined as

35 km/h ± 5 km/h

Target engine speed

At the end of the test, when the reference point* is passing the test

area at BB‘, the engine speed shall be between 70% and 74% of S** for

M2 (GVW > 3500 kg) and N2 vehicles and between 85% and 89% of S**

for M3 and N3 vehicles.

* The reference point is the border of the engine closest to the front of the vehicle

** Rated engine speed S at which the engine develops its rated maximum net power

Keystones for Method B for vehicles of

category M2 > 3.500 kg, M3, N2 & N3

2015-09-23

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Noise Emission of HCV in urban areas Most important noise sources

simulated by Method B

Gearbox

Exhaust

Powertrain

Engine

2015-09-23

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Noise Emission of HCV in urban areas Most important noise sources

simulated by Method B

Gearbox

Engine

Powertrain Exhaust

2015-09-23

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• Related to that urban traffic condition, which is most representative

• for the specific vehicle category

• for the noise exposure to the majority of citizens

• All important noise sources of the vehicles are addressed

• Adaptable procedure for future requirements

• Targets are independent from vehicle design and is therefore applicable

to future technologies, like hybrid engines, continuously variable

transmissions, etc ...

• Reported value can be used for calculation on traffic

in planning departments


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Benefits from the new test procedure

Method B


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Other measures


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TNO Study ACEA Study


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11-13 liters; 300-450 kW

13-16 liters; 440-550 kW 7-9 liters; 180-250kW

9-13 liters; 250-400 kW

4-7 liters; <180kW 4-7 liters; <180kW

ACEA Monitoring Data Base (Corrected to Normal Tyres): dB(A) = f(P(kW))

180kW 250kW

Vehicle categorization N3


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City: 7-9 liters; 180-230 kW (244-310 hp)

City: 5-7 liters;

160-195 kW (190-240 hp)

City: 7-9 liters;

200-250 kW (270-340 hp)

City: 2-3 liters;

90-125 kW (190-240 hp)

Vehicle categorization M3

Legal Process EU & ECE

New types new

limit

values

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

ECE-Monitoring

EU-Monitoring

Impact Assessment Official Proposal for Limits by COM

New types

Uncertainty

We were here

The first application of the new regulation can be assumed in roughly 3 years from now.

The UNECE WP29

Time Frame for introduction of UNECE R51.03

2015-09-23

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Seminarium om buller och busstrafik

07 Februari 2011, Armémuseum, Stockholm

Ongoing

Legal Process EU

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

ECE-Monitoring

EU-Monitoring

Impact Assessment Official Proposal by COM

Phase 1 New types

New limit values for vehicles of category M3 & N3:

Introduction of sound level reductions in three phases 2016, 2020 and 2026

The UNECE WP29

Time Frame for introduction of UNECE R51.03

2015-09-23

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R(EU)540/2014 into force

R51.03 prelim Legal Process UNECE

We are here

Decided

Ongoing

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027

R(EU) No 540/2014 into force

Phase 1: New vehicle types

Phase 2: New vehicle types

Phase 2: First registration

Phase 3: New vehicle type

Phase 3: First registrati

UNECE R51.03 into force (goal)

The Commission shall carry out and publish a detailed study on sound level limits by 1 July 2021 (Article 11 R(EU) No 540/2014)

ISO362-1:2015 published

Proposal for Amendments to the 03 series of Amendments to R51 by IWG adopted by 61st session of GRB

Revision of ISO362-1:2007 finalized

Other Contracting Parties are invited to conduct similar studies in the future and to transmit their outcomes to GRB

Proposal for a consolidated version of R51.03 adopted by WP29 and AC.1

Decided

Ongoing

Status of introduction R(EU) no 540/2014 & UNECE R51.03

+ two years for new vehicle type and + one year for new vehicles registration: Phase 2: N2 / Phase 3: M2, M3, N2, N3

2015-09-23

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(2) + 2 år för nya fordonstyper och + 1 år för registrering av nya fordon

Gränsvärden för fordon of kategorin M3

Förordning (EU) nr 540/2014


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Limit values for vehicles of category M3

Regulation (EU) no 540/2014

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Pn ≤ 150kW 150kW < Pn ≤ 250kW Pn > 250kW


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Noise mapping according to 2002/49/EEC

Example: Stockholm, SE


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Other measures

Noise from Road

transport

STRUCTURES:

Roads, city planning, etc.

MANAGEMENTS: Traffic

management, enforcement, etc.

SOURCES: Cars, buses,

commercial vehicles, etc.

DRIVER: Education,

vehicle maintenance

Railway Noise from

Outdoor machinery

Aircraft

2015-09-23

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Global approach:

Sound reduction requires joint actions!

(13) Buller är ett mångfacetterat problem med flera olika

orsaker och faktorer som påverkar det ljud som människor

uppfattar och hur detta ljud påverkar dem. Fordons ljudnivå

beror delvis på den omgivning de används i, särskilt på

väginfrastrukturens kvalitet, och därför krävs ett mer

integrerat angreppssätt. Direktiv 2002/49/EG innehåller krav på

regelbundet upprättande av strategiska bullerkartor för bland

annat större vägar. Informationen från dessa kartor skulle

kunna ligga till grund för framtida forskningsarbete om

omgivningsbuller i allmänhet och vägbeläggningsbuller i

synnerhet, för riktlinjer för bästa praxis i fråga om teknisk

vägkvalitetsutveckling och för en klassificering av

vägbeläggningstyper, om så är lämpligt.

(13) Förordning (EU) nr 540/2014


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Exempel för ett integrerat angreppssätt:

Klassificering av vägbeläggningstyper

Manfred Klopotek von Glowczewski

__________________________________________

Senior Technical Manager

External Sound, Emission & Legislation

Truck Chassis Development

SCANIA CV AB

SE-15187 Södertälje

Sweden

Tel: +46 (0)8 553 82158

Fax: +46 (0)8 553 85604

Mail: [email protected]

Chairman of the ACEA Working Group Commercial Vehicle Noise

Co-Chairman of the OICA Noise Committee (GEB)

Thank You!

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mailto:[email protected]

Ny EU & UNECE lagstiftning om tunga fordons ljudnivåer...Ny EU & UNECE lagstiftning om tunga fordons ljudnivåer 23 September 2015 Tekniska nämndhuset Stockholm Manfred Klopotek

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